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British Chemical Abstracts BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS A.-PURE CHEMISTRY SEPTEMBER, 1927. General, Physical, and Inorganic Chemistry. Symmetrical character of the terms corre­ 5016 Â. increases approximately linearly with the sponding with systems containing similar voltage in the range above 11 kilovolts. Intensities particles, derived by quantum dynamics. F, were measured by comparison with a standard lamp. H und (Z. Physik, 1927, 43, 788— 804).—Mathe­ R. W. Ltjnt. matical. ' R. W. L u n t . Ionisation potential.and the fine line spectrum Applications of Schrödinger’s theory to the of hydrogen. K. F. N i e s s e n (Z. Physik, 1927, 43, structure of spectra. E. W e i g e r (Z. Physik, 1927, 694—706).—The ionisation potential of hydrogen has 43, 624—652).—Mathematical. The characteristic been calculated by the use of half quantum numbers structure of spectra, in particular the laws of series assigned to the ion H2+ ; it is shown that some of the spectra and the Stark and Zeeman effects, have been fine-line spectrum is attributable to this ion. The derived by application of Schrödinger’s differentia] value calculated for the ionisation potential is equations. R. W. L u n t . — l-216iüA(=15 volts), in good agreement with that calculated by Burrau by wave mechanics — 1-204IÎA Orbits and light-radiation of hydrogen (=15-4 volts) (Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selsk. math.- E n g s e t electrons. T. (Ann. Physik, 1927, [iv], 83, fys. Medd., 1927, 7, 14). R. W. L t jn t . 903—904).—Extensive mathematical corrections to a former paper (this vol., 601) are given. Under-water spark spectra [of beryllium, gold, molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten]. (Miss) Number of dispersion electrons for the con­ E. J. A l l t n and H. J. C. I r e t o n (Trans. Roy. Soc. tinuous spectra and series spectra of hydrogen. Canada, 1927, [iii], 21, I I I , 127—131).—The absorp­ Y. Sugiura (J. Phys. Radium, 1927, [vi], 8, 310).— tion lines observed were (Â.) : beryllium, 3321-45, A correction (cf. this vol., 494). 3321-08, 3131-06, 3130-42, 2650-94. 2650-31, 2494-87, Hydrogen atom with a spinning electron in 2494-44, 2350-82, 2348-50, 2175-1; gold, 2700-90, wave mechanics. C. F. R ichter (Proc. Nat. Acad. 2641-49, 2387-75, 2376-25, 2352-65, 2129-46, 2126-62, Sei., 1927,13,476—479).—-It is shown mathematically 1938-52 ; molybdenum, 2045-9, 2038-4,2018-2,2013-1 ; that Schrödinger’s wave mechanics in conjunction tantalum, 2274-46, 2261-68, 2261-47, 2253-35, 2196-07, with the Uhlenbeck-Goudsmit concept of the spinning 2193-90, 2193-25, 2182-66, 2141-95, 2119-71 ; tungsten, electron completely represents the fine structure of 2402-43, 2436-61, 2461-60, 2482-21, 2543-43, 2613-07, hydrogen-like spectra. J. S. C a r t e r . 2613-86, 2633-10, 2656-56, 2681-40. Intensities in the helium spectrum produced A. A. E l d r i d g e . by a condensed discharge. L. S. Ornstein and Existence of solid nitrogen in the earth’s H. P. B o u w m a n (Z. Physik, 1927, 43, 839—844).— atmosphere. H. P e l z e r (Ann. Physik, 1927, [iv], The intensities of the helium lines 5016, 4922, 4713, 83, 362—384).—In order to explain the 5577-35 Â. 4686, and 4383 Ä., excited by a damped wave-train line in the spectrum of aurora borealis, Vegard assumes discharge of train frequency 500 per sec., have been the existence of a layer of solid nitrogen in the upper measured as a function of the maximum voltage of the atmosphere. The possibility of a temperature below wave-trains. The discharge was produced by charg­ the m. p. of nitrogen (36° Abs.) occurring in the ing a condenser through a rectifier connected to a atmosphere with the earth-sun radiation equilibrium high-tension A.C. supply at the frequency 500 cycles has been investigated thermodynamically. It is per sec.; the condenser discharged through an oil- shown that non-selective absorption of all but a immersed spark gap and the discharge tube containing fraction 1 O' 1430 of the earth’s radiation must occur, he.iiurx; -the inductance of this circuit was made very or, even if absorption is confined to the infra-red, small in order to increase the frequency of the oscilla­ 99-5% must be absorbed in this region by the deeper tory current. In the range 0-5— 36 kilovolts the atmospheric layers. These conditions do not appear intensities of the lines 5016, 4922, 4713, and 43831. reasonable, and therefore Vegard’s hypothesis seems M o r t o n . increase to a maximum at approximately 10 kilovolts, thermodynamically unsound. R. A. immish rapidly to a minimum in the neighbourhood Afterglow of active nitrogen. K. F. Bon- o 11 kilovolts, and rise again to a second maximum h o e f f e r and G. K a m in s k y (Z. physikal. Cliem., nf ^ )rox1^mately 25 kilovolts; the relative intensities 1927, 127, 385—400).—Nitrogen, purified by the nese lines remain approximately constant. The method of Kaustky and Thiele, exhibits no afterglow. ; ensity of the line 4686 Ä. due to He+ appears to the presence of at least 1% of another gas is necessary • Zero UP approximately 11 kilovolts, and then before the effect becomes apparent. The character­ eases regularly;- its intensity relative to the line istic spectrum of the afterglow is independent of the 3 a o. 802 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.— A. foreign gas, and the conclusion is therefore reached Spectrum of Si+ n . P. K . K i c h l u (J. Opt. Soc. that the added gas plays no part in the chemilumin- Amer., 1927, 14, 455—459).—The contributions of escence reaction which is responsible for the afterglow. Fowler and Saha to the structure of the spectrum of The homogeneous gas reaction causing the appearance Si+ are discussed and explained on the basis of Hund’s is bimolecular. In the ultra-violet (down to 2100 A.) theory (A.,_1925, ii, 912, 1104); it is shown that the and visible regions of the spectrum, active nitrogen lines 2P—4P are to be expected in the region of 2500 A., exhibits no absorption. Impurities have no influence which therefore needs to be investigated further. on the ratio of the intensities of the atomic and mole­ R. W. Lunt. cular spectra, as they have with active hydrogen. New lines between 3100 and 2400 A. in the arc H. F. G i l l b e . spectrum of manganese at normal pressure. S. Structure of the arc spectra of the elements of Pina de Rubies and J. Dorronsoro (Anal. Fis. the nitrogen group. J. C. M c L e n n a n and A. B. Quim., 1927, 25, 211—215).—The wave-lengths, M c L a y (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 1927, [iii], 21, frequencies, and intensities of 135 new lines between III, 63—77).—An examination of existing data leads 3025 and 2400 A . in the arc spectrum of manganese to the identification of multiplets in the arc spectra are tabulated. The majority of the lines have already of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and been encountered in the spark spectrum. (tentatively) bismuth. The terms 4S2, 2D23, and J. S. Ca e t e r . 2P12 are deep, with *S2 deepest; 4P 123 and 2P 12 are Origin of terms of the spectrum of cobalt. the most important of the higher energy terms, with N. K. S u e (Phil. Mag., 1927, [vii], 4, 36—49),—The iP 12 3 deeper than 2P 12. The results accord with the method employed by Saha (this vol., 705) has been Pauli-Heisenberg-Hund theory. The three outer­ applied to the detailed examination of the spectrum most electrons of the unionised atom are in each case of cobalt. Only a small number of fundamental bound in n2 orbits; for the most stable of the excited levels and a few levels combining with these have been states two are bound in n2 orbits and one in an found. No Rydberg sequence has been discovered. (n+1)! orbit. " A. A. E l d r i d g e . Final settlement is required as to whether the 9il/3 Origin of the auroral green line in the oxygen state is possible or not, since, although according to spectrum. J. C. M c L e n n a n , R. R u e d y , and J. H. Bohr and to Stoner the TM3—2N1 state is the most M c L e o d (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 1927, [iii], 2 1 , stable configuration of the electrons in the cobalt III, 27—31).—Parallel evidence is adduced to show atom, the terms due to the 8ili*3—1A7j state occur that in seeking to fit the auroral green line 5577-341 A. prominently in the arc spectrum of cobalt. observed in the oxygen spectrum into the system A. E. M itc h e l l . of energy levels provided for oxygen atoms, “ for­ Magnetic resolution of the arc spectrum of bidden ” as well as “ permissible ” transitions should zinc. E. B a c k (Z. Physik, 1927, 43, 309—320).— receive consideration. A. A. E l d r i d g e . 35 lines of the arcs pectrum of zinc (containing 5% of antimony) in the region 6844-2—2268-92 A . have been Explanation of spectra of metals of group II.
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