Is Heightened-Shoaling a Good Candidate for Positive Emotional Behavior in Zebrafish?
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J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK (1958) 37, 7°5-752
J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. (1958) 37, 7°5-752 Printed in Great Britain OBSERVATIONS ON LUMINESCENCE IN PELAGIC ANIMALS By J. A. C. NICOL The Plymouth Laboratory (Plate I and Text-figs. 1-19) Luminescence is very common among marine animals, and many species possess highly developed photophores or light-emitting organs. It is probable, therefore, that luminescence plays an important part in the economy of their lives. A few determinations of the spectral composition and intensity of light emitted by marine animals are available (Coblentz & Hughes, 1926; Eymers & van Schouwenburg, 1937; Clarke & Backus, 1956; Kampa & Boden, 1957; Nicol, 1957b, c, 1958a, b). More data of this kind are desirable in order to estimate the visual efficiency of luminescence, distances at which luminescence can be perceived, the contribution it makes to general back• ground illumination, etc. With such information it should be possible to discuss. more profitably such biological problems as the role of luminescence in intraspecific signalling, sex recognition, swarming, and attraction or re• pulsion between species. As a contribution to this field I have measured the intensities of light emitted by some pelagic species of animals. Most of the work to be described in this paper was carried out during cruises of R. V. 'Sarsia' and RRS. 'Discovery II' (Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom and National Institute of Oceanography, respectively). Collections were made at various stations in the East Atlantic between 30° N. and 48° N. The apparatus for measuring light intensities was calibrated ashore at the Plymouth Laboratory; measurements of animal light were made at sea. -
Report on the First Scotian Shelf Ichthyoplankton Program
NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR (S) International Commission for a the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Serial No. 5179 ICNAF Res. Doc. 78/VI/21 (D.c.1) ANNUAl MEETING - JUNE 1978 Report on the First Scotian Shelf Ichthyoplanktoll Program (SSIP) Workshop, 29 August to 3 September 1977, St. Andrews, N. B. Sponsored by Department of Fisheries and Environment Marine Fish Division Resource Branch, Maritimes Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, Nova Scotia TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 2 Terms of Reference 2 Introduction 4 Oceanographic Regime •••••..••••.•.•.•••••••..••••••.••..•. 4 Overview of Present Approaches ••••••••••••••••••..•••.•••• 6 - Canada 6 - United States of America 13 - Un! ted Kingdom 19 - Federal Republic of Germany......................... 24 Sampling Recommendations 25 Sorting Protocols 26 Planning Sessions 26 Summary and Resolutions ••••••••.•..••...•••.••••...•.•.•.• 27 References 28 List of participants 30 Convener P. F. Lett Rapporteur: J. F. Schweigert C2 - 2 - ABSTRACT The Scotian Shelf ichthyoplankton workshop was organized to draw on expertise from other prevailing programs and to incorporate any new ideas on ichthyoplankton ecology and sampling 8S it might relate to the stock-recruitment problem and fisheries management. Experts from a number of leading fisheries laboratories presented overviews of their ichthyoplankton programs and approaches to fisheries management. The importance of understanding the eJirly life history of most fish species was emphasized and some pre! iminary reBul -
Freshwater Fish of New River, Belize
FRESHWATER FISH OF NEW RIVER, BELIZE Belize is home to an abundant diversity of freshwater Blue Tilapia fish species and is often considered a fisherman’s Oreochromis aureus, Tilapia paradise. The New River area is a popular freshwater Adult size: 13–20 cm (5–8 in) fishing destination in the Orange Walk district of northern Belize. Here locals and visitors alike take to the lagoons and waterways for dinner or for good sportfishing. This guide highlights the most popular species in the area and will help people identify and understand these species. A fishing license is required for all fishers, so before casting be sure to check the local laws and regulations. Tarpon Victor Atkins Megalops atlanticus This edible, fleshy fish can be identified by its overall blue Adult size: 1-2.5 m (4-8 ft) color. Adults can weigh up to 2.7kg (6 lbs). This exotic cichlid is abundant in both fresh and brackish waters. Mayan Cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus, Pinta Adult size: 25–27 cm (10–11 in) Albert Kok Tarpon are large fish that can weigh up to 127kg (280 lbs). They are covered in large, silver scales and have no spines in their fins, and have a broad mouth with a prominent lower jaw. Tarpon are fighters and may jump out of the water DATZ. R. Stawikowski several times when hooked. They are found in fresh and saltwater. This popular food fish has dark vertical bars and a large black eyespot with a blue border at the tail base. The first Bay Snook dorsal and anal fins have many sharp spines. -
Bony Fish Guide
This guide will help you to complete the Bony Fish Observation Worksheet. Bony Fish Guide Fish (n.) An ectothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrate (with a backbone) aquatic (lives in water) animal that moves with the help of fins (limbs with no fingers or toes) and breathes with gills. This definition might seem very broad, and that is because fish are one of the most diverse groups of animals on the planet—there are a lot of fish in the sea (not to mention rivers, lakes and ponds). In fact, scientists count at least 32,000 species of fish—more than any other type of vertebrate. Fish are split into three broad classes: Jawless Fish Cartilaginous Fish Bony Fish (hagfish, lampreys, etc.) (sharks, rays, skates, etc.) (all other fish) This guide will focus on the Bony Fish. There are at least 28,000 species of bony fish, and they are found in almost every naturally occurring body of water on the planet. Bony fish range in size: • Largest: ocean sunfish (Mola mola), 11 feet, over 5,000 pounds • Smallest: dwarf pygmy goby (Pandaka pygmaea), ½ inch, a fraction of an ounce (This image is life size.) The following guide will help you learn more about the bony fish you can find throughout the New England Aquarium. Much of the guide is keyed to the Giant Ocean Tank, but can be applied to many kinds of fish. Even if you know nothing about fish, you can quickly learn a few things: The shape of a fish’s body, the position of its mouth and the shape of its tail can give you many clues as to its behavior and adaptations. -
Energetics of the Antarctic Silverfish, Pleuragramma Antarctica, from the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Chapter 8 Energetics of the Antarctic Silverfish, Pleuragramma antarctica, from the Western Antarctic Peninsula Eloy Martinez and Joseph J. Torres Abstract The nototheniid Pleuragramma antarctica, commonly known as the Antarctic silverfish, dominates the pelagic fish biomass in most regions of coastal Antarctica. In this chapter, we provide shipboard oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion rates obtained from P. antarctica collected along the Western Antarctic Peninsula and, combining those data with results from previous studies, develop an age-dependent energy budget for the species. Routine oxygen consumption of P. antarctica fell in the midrange of values for notothenioids, with a mean of 0.057 ± −1 −1 0.012 ml O2 g h (χ ± 95% CI). P. antarctica showed a mean ammonia-nitrogen excretion rate of 0.194 ± 0.042 μmol NH4-N g−1 h−1 (χ ± 95% CI). Based on current data, ingestion rates estimated in previous studies were sufficient to cover the meta- bolic requirements over the year classes 0–10. Metabolism stood out as the highest energy cost to the fish over the age intervals considered, initially commanding 89%, gradually declining to 67% of the annual energy costs as the fish aged from 0 to 10 years. Overall, the budget presented in the chapter shows good agreement between ingested and combusted energy, and supports the contention of a low-energy life- style for P. antarctica, but it also resembles that of other pelagic species in the high percentage of assimilated energy devoted to metabolism. It differs from more tem- perate coastal pelagic fishes in its large investment in reproduction and its pattern of slow steady growth throughout a relatively long lifespan. -
Cartilaginous Fish: Sharks, Sawfish and Stingrays
Cartilaginous fish: Sharks, sawfish and stingrays. It may come as a surprise to some readers that there are sharks, sawfish and stingrays in the Mekong River, because most people connect these fishes with the big oceans. Most species in these groups are in fact strictly marine. However, several species have some tolerance to freshwater and have the ability to venture far up into rivers during their searches for food, while a few live their entire life in fresh water. Sharks, sawfish and stingrays are all cartilaginous fishes (the class Chondrichthyes), while all the species we have presented in Catch and Cultures supplement series until this point have been bony fish (the class Osteichthyes). Let us therefore start by looking at the characters that distinguish cartilaginous fish from bony fishes. As implied in the name, the skeleton in cartilaginous fish does not include bone but consists of cartilage, and all Fins supported by the fins are supported by horny horny structures structures rather than fin rays. Gill openings seen as Body covered with None of the species possess a a series of slits denticles swimbladder, the organ most bony fish use to prevent them from sinking to the bottom. Many cartilaginous fish species are therefore Mouth protrusible either bottom dwellers or accomplish neutral buoyancy by Specialized teeth arranged in rows maintaining a high fat or oil content A generalized cartilaginous fish, the milk shark in their tissues. (Rhizoprionodon acutus), which has been The gill openings in cartilaginous fish are not covered recorded from the Great Lake in Cambodia. with operculae, and are seen as a series of slits on the side of the fish just behind the head, or on the underside of the fish. -
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MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 164: 263-271,1998 Published April 9 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Intraspecific and interspecific relationships between host size and the abundance of parasitic larval gnathiid isopods on coral reef fishes Alexandra S. Grutter 'l*, Robert poulin2 'Department of Parasitology, The University of Queensland. Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia 'Department of Zoology, University of Otago. PO Box 56. Dunedin. New Zealand ABSTRACT: Parasitic gnathud isopod larvae on coral reef teleosts and elasmobranchs were quantified at Lizard and Heron Islands (Great Barrier Reef), and Moreton Bay, Australia. The relationship between gnathlid abundance and host size was examined across and within species. Of the 56 species examined. 70 % had gnathiids, with counts ranging from 1 to 200 per fish and the elasmobranchs hav- ing the highest numbers. Pomacentrids rarely had gnathiids. In contrast, most labrids had gnathiids. Gnathiid abundance was positively correlated with host size in the species Chlorurus sordidus, Ctenochaetus stnatus, Hernigyrnnus melapterus, Siganus dollatus, and Thalassorna lunare, but not for Scolopsis b~lineatus.Mean gnathlid abundance per host species also correlated with host size across species, even after controlling for the potential confounding effects of uneven sampling effort and host phylogeny Thus host size explains much of the intraspecific and interspecific variation In gnathiid abundance on fish. KEY WORDS: Gnathiidae . Ectoparasites . Coral reef fish . Host-parasite interactions . Fish size . Great Barrier Reef INTRODUCTION gnathiids on fish (Grutter 1996a). When present in 'large' numbers (Paperna & Por 1977) and when fish Until recently, there was little evidence that para- have 'around a hundred' (Mugridge & Stallybrass sites were important in fish cleaning behavior (Losey 1983),gnathiids can cause fish mortality in captive fish 1987), however, current studies on the Great Barrier (Paperna & Por 1977). -
Oxygen Depletion Affects Kinematics and Shoaling Cohesion of Cyprinid Fish
water Communication Oxygen Depletion Affects Kinematics and Shoaling Cohesion of Cyprinid Fish Daniel S. Hayes 1,2,* , Paulo Branco 2 , José Maria Santos 2 and Teresa Ferreira 2 1 Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1180 Vienna, Austria 2 Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal; [email protected] (P.B.); [email protected] (J.M.S.); [email protected] (T.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-47654-81223 Received: 24 January 2019; Accepted: 25 March 2019; Published: 27 March 2019 Abstract: Numerous anthropogenic stressors impact rivers worldwide. Hypoxia, resulting from organic waste releases and eutrophication, occurs very commonly in Mediterranean rivers. Nonetheless, little is known about the effects of deoxygenation on the behavior of Mediterranean freshwater fish. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the impact of three different dissolved oxygen levels (normoxia, 48.4%, 16.5% saturation) on kinematics indicators (swimming velocity, acceleration, distance traveled) and shoaling cohesion of adult Iberian barbel, Luciobarbus bocagei, a widespread cyprinid species inhabiting a broad range of lotic and lentic habitats. We conducted flume experiments and video-tracked individual swimming movements of shoals of five fish. Our results reveal significant differences between the treatments regarding kinematics. Swimming velocity, acceleration, and total distance traveled decreased stepwise from the control to each of the two oxygen depletion treatments, whereby the difference between the control and both depletion levels was significant, respectively, but not between the depletion levels themselves. -
JAGE-691 Fish Cognition and Consciousness Colin Allen [email protected] Phone
JAGE-691 Fish Cognition and Consciousness Colin Allen [email protected] phone: +1-812-606-0881 fax: +1-812-855-3631 Program in Cognitive Science and Department of History and Philosophy of Science Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA ABSTRACT. Questions about fish consciousness and cognition are receiving increasing attention. In this paper, I explain why one must be careful to avoid drawing conclusions too hastily about this hugely di- verse set of species. Keywords. Fish, learning, cognition, consciousness 1. Introduction to the controversy The cognitive and mental capacities of fish are a current topic of scientific controversy, and consciousness is the most contentious of topics. In a recent review article, Michel Cabanac and coauthors (Cabanac et al. 2009) argue that consciousness did not emerge until the early Amniota, the group of species that includes mammals, birds, and "reptiles.” The latter term is in scare quotes because biologists consider it a paraphy- letic group (i.e., a group that contains just a subset of the descendants of its common ancestor) that is im- proper for classification purposes due to its exclusion of the birds, which descended from the saurians. Amniotes are characterized by an embryonic membrane that makes terrestrial reproduction feasible. The amphibians, lacking this adaptation, are constrained to place their eggs in an aqueous environment for proper development. These biological details are important because of the nature of some of the evidence that Cabanac et al. bring to bear on the question of consciousness in fish – evidence that I shall maintain seems skewed towards other adaptations that have to do with terrestrial life. -
(2019). Cleaner Personality and Client Identity Have Joint Consequences on Cleaning Interaction Dynamics
Dunkley, K. , Ioannou, C., Whittey, K., Cable, J., & Perkins, S. E. (2019). Cleaner personality and client identity have joint consequences on cleaning interaction dynamics. Behavioral Ecology, 30(3), 703-712. [arz007]. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz007 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY-NC Link to published version (if available): 10.1093/beheco/arz007 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Oxford University Press at https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz007 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Behavioral The official journal of the ISBE Ecology International Society for Behavioral Ecology Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/beheco/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/beheco/arz007/5303982 by University of Bristol Library user on 28 March 2019 Behavioral Ecology (2019), XX(XX), 1–10. doi:10.1093/beheco/arz007 Original Article Cleaner personality and client identity have joint consequences on cleaning interaction dynamics Katie Dunkley,a, Christos C. Ioannou,b, Kathryn E. Whittey,a Jo Cable,a,*, and Sarah E. Perkinsa,*, aSchool of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK and bSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 106 Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK Received 24 October 2018; revised 24 December 2018; editorial decision 28 December 2018; accepted 7 January 2019. -
Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs
C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/5644691/WORKINGFOLDER/AROM/9781107089181PRE.3D iii [1–14] 4.12.2014 6:17PM Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs EDITED BY Camilo Mora Department of Geography, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, USA C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/5644691/WORKINGFOLDER/AROM/9781107089181PRE.3D iv [1–14] 4.12.2014 6:17PM University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107089181 © Cambridge University Press 2015 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2015 Printed in the United Kingdom by [XX] A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Ecology of fishes on coral reefs / edited by Camilo Mora, Department of Geography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-107-08918-1 1. Coral reef fishes. I. Mora, Camilo. QL620.45.E26 2015 597.177089–dc23 2014043414 ISBN 978-1-107-08918-1 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. -
APPENDIX 1 Classified List of Fishes Mentioned in the Text, with Scientific and Common Names
APPENDIX 1 Classified list of fishes mentioned in the text, with scientific and common names. ___________________________________________________________ Scientific names and classification are from Nelson (1994). Families are listed in the same order as in Nelson (1994), with species names following in alphabetical order. The common names of British fishes mostly follow Wheeler (1978). Common names of foreign fishes are taken from Froese & Pauly (2002). Species in square brackets are referred to in the text but are not found in British waters. Fishes restricted to fresh water are shown in bold type. Fishes ranging from fresh water through brackish water to the sea are underlined; this category includes diadromous fishes that regularly migrate between marine and freshwater environments, spawning either in the sea (catadromous fishes) or in fresh water (anadromous fishes). Not indicated are marine or freshwater fishes that occasionally venture into brackish water. Superclass Agnatha (jawless fishes) Class Myxini (hagfishes)1 Order Myxiniformes Family Myxinidae Myxine glutinosa, hagfish Class Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys)1 Order Petromyzontiformes Family Petromyzontidae [Ichthyomyzon bdellium, Ohio lamprey] Lampetra fluviatilis, lampern, river lamprey Lampetra planeri, brook lamprey [Lampetra tridentata, Pacific lamprey] Lethenteron camtschaticum, Arctic lamprey] [Lethenteron zanandreai, Po brook lamprey] Petromyzon marinus, lamprey Superclass Gnathostomata (fishes with jaws) Grade Chondrichthiomorphi Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous