NOVEMBER 2004

CONTENTS

6 Homecoming – Te Hokinga Mai 7 Foreword by the Governor-General 8 Foreword by the Prime Minister 9 Known unto God 12 Background to the project 14 Tomb design 16 Tomb design – Artist Profile 18 Commissions 19 Site blessing 20 Handover ceremony

21 Arrival in 22 Arrival at Parliament and lying in state 23 Memorial Service 24 Lt Col William Malone’s last letter home 25 Route of Funeral Procession 26 Funeral Procession 28 Interment Ceremony 30 National War Memorial Carillon Recital 31 Acknowledgments HOMECOMING – FOREWORD BY TE HOKINGA MAI VINCENT O’SULLIVAN THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL

The figure at the paddock’s edge, Kua tangihia nga- mate, nga- aitua- o nga- The shadow in the football team, pakanga nu-nui o te ao. Kua hoki mai Toa The memory beside the hedge, Matangaro kia okioki ai i to-na whenua tupu. The notes behind a song that seem We have grieved for the dead and the fallen Another song, a different dream – of the world’s great wars. The Unknown The past we harvest that was yours, Warrior has returned to rest in the land The present that you gave for ours. of his birth. The life in places once your own On behalf of all New Zealanders And left behind, and what was said I acknowledge the significance of the To husband, father, lover, son, commemorative events surrounding the Are stories that were lost instead, return of the Unknown Warrior. That ran to darkness where you bled – Are what we owe you, we who say The history of New Zealanders in battle See morning in its usual way is one of commitment and sacrifice, of achievement and pride. Our men and Moving along the ridges, the bright commemorates all those who died in war. women fought in many wars, in places Day broadening on the river, Through this Tomb, their memory lives far from their homes and loved ones. The warmth of cities wakening, the sight on in our hearts and minds and we are Of roads ahead and doors forever Tens of thousands of New Zealanders brought closer to those we have lost. Onto families, friends, whatever gave their lives in these wars, and many May this monument always remind us Life allows us, one another – lie buried in foreign lands. Sadly, thousands to strive to uphold the peace for which What we have and you do not, our brother.’ were never identified. Their families and so many gave their lives. friends at home never knew the peace Solemn the speeches and the drum Te-na- ta-tou katoa That draw you to the unguessed tomb, of mind that comes from knowing with But more than these, the sounds that come certainty of their final resting places. To us as once to you, from Today, the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior Bach and backyard, from marae and town, symbolises the resting place for all our Our standing where you too have stood fallen servicemen and women, known Silvia Cartwright ‘Now and forever, home is good.’ and unknown. For this monument GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF 6 7 FOREWORD BY THE PRIME MINISTER KNOWN UNTO GOD

The return of the Unknown Warrior The Unknown New Zealand Warrior lost is a tremendously significant event his life in France some time between April for this country. 1916 and November 1918. It not only marks the incredible courage One of the countless victims of the ‘war and sacrifice made by thousands of to end all wars’, he died on the Western New Zealanders in the wars of the last Front, a vast arena of misery and suffering century but it also represents a growing in which New Zealanders were slaughtered understanding of the part which history in unprecedented numbers. We will never has played in shaping the country we know the circumstances of his death. are today. Did he fall advancing towards the enemy By understanding our past we are able after going over the top in one of the to look to the future with a strengthened periodic big pushes or in the darkness and sense of identity as a nation. confusion of a minor trench raid? Did some random shell burst instantly snuff out his The ceremonies on this Armistice Day today with New Zealand’s commitment life or did he lie in agony for hours, even Known unto God’. It was one of many such unidentified graves 2004 help us remember the more than to bringing peace to troubled places days, before his shattered body gave up on the Western Front, for the unknown soldier was one of the sad 250,000 New Zealanders who have served around the world. It is a place where we the struggle to survive? features of the Great War. in overseas wars, and commemorate the can look to the future with a sense of The idea that victims of war should be honoured in named graves 30,000 who lost their lives in battle. By We do know that his body was found hard-won hope. is a relatively recent development. From the dawn of time, those bringing this one warrior home to rest in a without any form of identification other For ninety years this warrior has lain in who fell in battle could expect only the anonymity of the mass grave place of honour, we give thanks to all those than some indication that he was a foreign soil. Today he is called once more – if they were buried at all. Only in the nineteenth century did the who have served New Zealand overseas. New Zealander, perhaps a fragment of to serve his country. his uniform. He was buried in one of the idea of recovering bodies and burying them individually emerge The Tomb of the Unknown Warrior provides Commonwealth War Graves Commission in Western countries. a peaceful place to pay tribute to the cemeteries that dot the now peaceful In the Great War this was no easy task. The nature of the battlefields ultimate sacrifice New Zealand servicemen countryside of northern France. His simple often made identifying fallen soldiers difficult, if not impossible. and women made. Here we can contemplate Helen Clark white headstone carried the words In the close quarters fighting on the Gallipoli peninsula opportunities the tradition of service which continues PRIME MINISTER ‘A New Zealand soldier of the Great War to bury men who fell between the lines were limited.

8 9 IAN MCGIBBON

PHOTOGRAPH:

under by the mud of the quagmire created ensured that conditions at the front NEW ZEALAND SERVICE PERSONNEL KILLED by incessant shellfire and destroyed lines were less conducive to men going ON OPERATIONAL SERVICE – 20TH CENTURY water courses. missing on land than they had been South African War (1899-1902) 230 Memorials to the missing commemorate in the Great War. At the same time, many First World War (1914-1918) 18,166 all those who have no known grave – more New Zealanders fought at sea or both those whose bodies were recovered in the air, arenas in which few could Second World War (1939-1945) 11,625 expect a named grave if killed. Many went but never identified and those who (1950-1953) 43 disappeared altogether. The most imposing down with their or were buried at Malaya/Malaysia (1948-1966) 20 are at Thiepval in France, Tyne Cot and the sea. Those whose aircraft crashed at sea were mostly not recovered; nor were many AIRFORCE MEMORIAL, VALETTA, MALTA/ Menin Gate in Belgium, and Cape Helles Vietnam War (1964-1972) 40 : of those who crashed on land. In all, 2892 at Gallipoli. With their column after operations (1990-2002) 6 column of names, each representing New Zealand servicemen and women who a private agony and a grief-stricken died during the Second World War – TOTAL 30,360 THIS PAGE family, these bleak monuments of pain of a total 11,625 – are commemorated on memorials to the missing. After the evacuation, three years would elapse before the Allies could are a stark reminder of the cost of war. return to the battlefield and seek out their dead. The Turks in the New Zealand lost 2721 men at Gallipoli Fortunately no sacrifice on this scale has meantime had buried some in mass graves; others, buried during the and 12,483 on the Western Front. Of these been demanded of New Zealand servicemen fighting, lay in long lost temporary graves; others again lay where 67 per cent and 33 per cent respectively and women since 1945. In a series of wars they fell in the scrub. On the Western Front the graves of many disappeared, were recovered but not and peace enforcement operations in Asia, soldiers who had been buried were lost as the front advanced or identified, or were buried at sea after less than a hundred New Zealanders have receded, and shellfire pulverized the burial areas. When these men’s dying of wounds suffered at Gallipoli. All fallen in battle. Only two have no known bodies were found later they were usually unidentifiable. They became these men are commemorated on separate grave. Seamen lost during the Korean War, unknown soldiers. they are commemorated on a memorial to

national memorials to the missing – four at MARGARET MARKS.

the missing at the UN cemetery in Pusan, :

Gallipoli and seven in France and Belgium. DEVONPORT NAVAL MEMORIAL, , NEW ZEALAND.

But many of the fallen were never found at all. They may have South . : disappeared altogether – blown to pieces by the huge shells that In the Second World War, soldiers were ravaged the modern battlefield. Or they may have been swallowed still threatened with obliteration by Ian McGibbon ONZM up by the earth, buried by a shell’s or mine’s explosion or sucked high explosives. But more mobile warfare GENERAL EDITOR (WAR HISTORY) THIS PAGE PHOTOGRAPH MINISTRY FOR CULTURE AND HERITAGE 10 11

BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT

The idea for a New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior goes back • a peaceful place for respectful The final design, by Robert Jahnke of over eighty years to when New Zealand was represented at the contemplation and reflection; Palmerston North, was approved by the re-interment ceremony for a British warrior at Westminster Abbey, • a clear reminder to New Zealanders Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage. on 11 November 1920. Following the ceremony, the then New Zealand of all those who died in war serving Before work could proceed, however, Prime Minister, William Massey, indicated his government’s wish the ideals and interests of New Zealand, strong opposition to the proposed changes to bring home the remains of an unknown New Zealand warrior. recognising the sense of selfless service to the memorial caused the Ministry Concerns relating to funding prevented the project going ahead at to their nation. to put the planned redevelopment on hold. that time and again after it was raised following World War Two. Designers were instructed that the form In response to a detailed conservation In 1999 the idea resurfaced, gained the support of the government of the tomb and the message imparted report on the site, it was decided to DEDICATION OF THE NATIONAL WAR MEMORIAL and in 2002 agreement was reached with the Commonwealth War must be relatively timeless, that the overall retain the current layout of the steps and Graves Commission to repatriate the remains of a New Zealand soldier impression should be of a place of great forecourt and call for a new tomb design. killed in the First World War. Since that time, the Ministry for Culture sacredness and hallowedness and that the In May 2004 the contract to design and and Heritage, in cooperation with many government and construct the tomb was awarded to the tomb should not in any way suggest a THIS PAGE: CARILLON, ANZAC DAY 1932./ SC SMITH COLLECTION, ALEXANDER TURNBULL LIBRARY, WELLINGTON. non-government organisations has had the responsibility of leading glorification of war. The panel of assessors Kingsley Baird design team of Wellington. the project towards its culmination on 11 November 2004. for the selection process consisted of: Kingsley was also involved in the design the site. In response to the expected increase in visitor numbers, of the New Zealand Memorial in Canberra. new visitor information and displays will be installed in the war The first major decision for the project was that the National War • Sandy Adsett, artist; Memorial was the most appropriate place for the tomb. In preparation for the installation of the memorial’s foyer. It was also decided that it should be outside, rather than in the Hall • Galvan Macnamara, arts administrator; Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, there In tandem with the major construction work has been the no of Memories, to allow the greatest public access. Plans were drawn • Evzen Novak, Studio of Pacific has been a major refurbishment to the less demanding task of organising the associated ceremonies. up for a redesign of the forecourt and steps of the war memorial and Architecture; exterior and surrounds of the National It has been many months in the planning and the ceremonial a competition held for the design for the tomb. The stated purpose War Memorial. This work has involved the programme, detailed in the following pages, is probably the largest • Col Andrew Renton-Green (rtd.), for the design was that it must provide: replacement of all paving in front of the commemorative programme ever undertaken in New Zealand. Chairman of the National War memorial, an upgrading to the lighting The many organisations and individuals who have contributed their • a suitable final resting place for an unknown New Zealand Memorial Advisory Council; soldier of World War One; and drainage, refurbishment of the time, energy, expertise and resources to this project are acknowledged • Lt Col Rick McDonald, representing fountain, replanting of the gardens and on page 31. • a fitting memorial to all New Zealand men and women who the Chief of Defence Force. improvements to the disabled access to have lost their lives in times of war;

12 13 TOMB DESIGN

The design, inspired by the Southern WORDS OF KARANGA Cross constellation, possesses a distinctive Te mamae nei a te po-uri nui New Zealand character. The choice and The great pain we feel treatment of materials, the use of symbols Te-nei ra e te tau and language, strongly reflect the unique Is for you who were our future cultural identity of this land and its people. Aue hoki mai ra ki te kainga tu-turu Bronze and stone are the primary materials Come back return home, used in the Tomb’s construction. E tatari atu nei ki a kou tou The Warrior will be guided by the stars We have waited for you of the Southern Cross on his journey back Nga- tau roa to New Zealand. The distance of the foreign Through the long years land he leaves behind is represented on I ngaro atu ai te aroha the base of the Tomb by a night sky of You were away. Sorrow black granite inlaid with light grey Takaka E ngau kino nei I ahau aue taukuri e marble crosses. The crosses represent the Aches within me. Warrior’s companions who died in service for their country and remain overseas. They also signify stars in the night sky. Around the base of the Tomb is text of a karanga, in Ma-ori and English, calling the Warrior back to his homeland. A cloak of bronze, decorated with four inlaid pounamu crosses, alludes to the Warrior’s national flag. It will be laid over his body as a celestial mantle. The bronze mantle also represents the vital role the Defence Forces play in protecting our nation and people.

14 15 TOMB DESIGN – ARTIST PROFILE

KINGSLEY BAIRD DESIGN TEAM Larger commissions include: The New Zealand The Heavy Metal Company Memorial in Canberra (with Studio of Pacific PATTERN MAKING AND BRONZE CASTING

Kingsley Baird’s art career spans over 25 years. The central themes of his art practice Architecture) and the Kereru sculpture in Acme Engineering Ltd Tawa Village. He has an extensive history and research are memory and remembrance,

BRONZE MILLING AND CUTTING, POUNAMU CROSS memorial, and loss and reconciliation. of solo and group exhibitions, works in GRINDING, TOMB INSTALLATION AND BRONZE How the design of memorials (and attendant numerous New Zealand and international MANTLE CARRYING FRAME FABRICATION issues such as siting) can contribute collections, and is the recipient of various Trethewey Granite & Marble Ltd to reconciliation, and communicate awards and grants. STONEMASONRY AND TOMB INSTALLATION and assuage a sense of loss to visitors Currently, Kingsley is a practising artist and Stephen Myhre is a particular interest. Other concerns include designer, and senior lecturer at the College of FORMING OF POUNAMU CROSSES the ‘spirit of a (physical) sites’, and the Design, Fine Art and Music, Massey University PREPARING THE SAND MOULD SURFACE

unique relationship and shared and distinct Jonathan Campbell : of Wellington. He holds a Master of Fine Art - ORI IN THE KARANGA. nature of Pakeha and Maori cultures. BRONZE PATINATION - OM

FOREGROUND: CASTING OF THE BRONZE degree from RMIT (Melbourne) and a Diploma MANY PEOPLE HAVE MADE A CONTRIBUTION TO THE TOMB DESIGN INCLUDING HAWIRA HAPE AND HIRIA HAPE WHO PROVIDED ADVICE ON THE CORRECT USE OF TE REO MA : in Arts (postgraduate diploma in art history) BOTT from Victoria University of Wellington. TE PAGE The Tomb design and manufacturing team comprised: THIS PAGE OPPOSI Michael Bennett Stephen Poulopoulos Bridget Lissaman OF ARCHITECTURE + Annette O’Sullivan TYPOGRAPHY RAW BRONZE CASTING OF THE MANTLE PRIOR TO MILLING THE SIDES AND

Allen Wihongi : - MAORI CULTURE CONSULTANT TOP

Romulus Consulting Group STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS S PAGE

16 THI DRESSING AND COLOURING THE SURFACE/ OF MANTLE FOR BRONZE SAND CASTING/ SKIRTS THAT SIT AT THE BASE OF THE TOMB. 17 COMMISSIONS

The Ministry for Culture and Heritage has on the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior. given four commissions to acknowledge Entitled Memento for an Unknown the special nature of these events. Warrior, the four part choral composition will be sung by members of the award FUNERAL MARCH winning Tudor Consort ensemble at the S/Sgt Dwayne Bloomfield, Deputy Interment Ceremony. It is also intended Bandmaster and composer-in-residence that this piece of music will be sung at for the Band, was future wreathlaying ceremonies and commissioned to write a special funeral commemorative events held in the Hall NEW ZEALAND DEFENCE FORCE march for the Funeral Procession. Entitled of Memories thus connecting the Fernleaf Headstones, this march will symbolism associated with the Unknown be performed by the New Zealand Army Warrior into the ongoing commemorative Band as the Funeral Procession for life of the National War Memorial.

the Unknown Warrior moves from the PHOTOGRAPHS: Wellington Cathedral of St Paul to the Special music for the Carillon has also National War Memorial. been written by Timothy Hurd to mark SITE BLESSING this occasion. POEM In preparation for the establishment LAMENT Vincent O’Sullivan, one of New Zealand’s of the Tomb there has been extensive leading writers, was commissioned to write Piper, Sgt Murray Mansfield of the RNZAF refurbishment of the National War a special poem in honour of the Unknown has written a lament entitled Lament for Memorial. The first ceremony relating Warrior. The poem entitled Homecoming the Unknown Warrior of New Zealand. to the Tomb took place on 13 May 2003 – Te Hokinga Mai is printed in full on page 6 First heard at the Handover Ceremony at with the blessing of the site before and will be read at the Interment Ceremony. Longueval, France on 6 November 2004, construction began. This ceremony was it will be played as the casket is placed on conducted by Sam Jackson, a kauma-tua CHORAL COMMEMORATION the Gun Carriage following the Memorial of Te Ati Awa (above right), in the presence Timothy Hurd QSM, National Carillonist, Service on 11 November 2004. of the Minister of Defence, Hon Mark was commissioned to write music for Burton (above), and a New Zealand the words of the lament which appears Defence Force Guard of Honour (right).

18 19 HANDOVER CEREMONY ARRIVAL IN WELLINGTON

On the morning of 6 November 2004, in the Accompanied by the Mayor of Longueval, On the morning of 10 November, presence of the Chief of the New Zealand the Commonwealth Defence Advisers the Unknown Warrior was welcomed Defence Force, the Director of Veterans’ accredited to France and Portes Drapeaux back to New Zealand soil at a short Affairs New Zealand and the National (French veteran flag bearers), the casket ceremony at the Royal New Zealand President of the Royal New Zealand was taken to the New Zealand Memorial Air Force base at Rongotai. Returned and Services’ Association the where New Zealand and French Guards The New Zealand Defence Force accorded

BRODIE STUBBS. of Honour were formed up. : remains of the Unknown Warrior were MINISTRY FOR CULTURE

the Unknown Warrior full military : returned to the care of New Zealand. On arrival at the memorial, a New Zealand honours on arrival, in the presence of - The remains were taken from the Defence Force Maori Cultural Group the New Zealand delegation that had TOGRAPH NEW ZEALAND MEMORIAL, LONGUEVAL,

acknowledged the Unknown Warrior with accompanied him home from France. CHUNUK BAIRGALLIPOLI, MEMORIAL,

Commonwealth War Graves Commission : : PHO office at Beaurains to the Mairie at a karanga and a karakia. A Tri-Service Guard of Honour, the PHOTOGRAPH Longueval where the casket was dressed Addresses were given by the Préfet of New Zealand Army Band and a New Zealand in the New Zealand Flag. - THIS PAGE FRANCE/ the Somme, the Director-General of the Defence Force Maori Cultural Group were THIS PAGE TURKEY/ AND HERITAGE. Commonwealth War Graves Commission formed up on the forecourt. and the New Zealand Ambassador to The casket was ceremonially slow marched Later that morning the casket was France. Following New Zealand’s formal off the aircraft and across the tarmac placed in the hearse and following acceptance of responsibility for the while the Cultural Group acknowledged a second General Salute, the cortege, remains, the Principal Defence Chaplain the Unknown Warrior with a po-whiri. under military escort, left for conducted a short service during which As the Unknown Warrior passed in front Parliament grounds. wreaths were laid, the Ode to the Fallen of the Guard of Honour, a General Salute read by the National President of the was given. RNZRSA and the Last Post played. Inside the terminal building, the casket As the casket was taken from the was placed on the catafalque and memorial to begin its onward journey a vigil mounted. The Chief of Defence to New Zealand, a lone piper played Force and single service Chiefs paid Going Home. their respects.

20 21 ARRIVAL AT PARLIAMENT AND LYING IN STATE MEMORIAL SERVICE

At 12 noon the cortege arrived at In the Legislative Council Chamber wreaths The Memorial Service honouring the General Sir John Wilsey GCB CBE DL. Parliament grounds where the Defence were laid by the Governor-General on behalf Unknown Warrior and all New Zealand An address will be delivered by the Right Force formally handed over the Unknown of The Queen and by the Prime Minister war dead, will be held at the Wellington Honourable Helen Clark, Prime Minister. Warrior to the nation, to lie-in-state on behalf of the Government and people Cathedral of St Paul on 11 November, Music at the service will include David in the Legislative Council Chamber. of New Zealand. The public were then commencing at 11am with two Hamilton’s arrangement of the Introit to A tri-service Guard of Honour and the invited to pay their respects during a vigil minutes silence. the Fallen, sung by the Cathedral Choir, Royal New Zealand Band were formed which lasted until 10am on 11 November. As the Unknown Warrior represents all and Beethoven’s Equale for Four up on the forecourt. A kapa haka group At 10.30am the last vigil of the watch left New Zealanders who lost their lives in war, Trombones, performed by the Central was also present. the catafalque and the Unknown Warrior a memorial service is being held rather Band of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. was processed from the Legislative Council than a traditional funeral. Since we know The Choir will also sing E Pari Ra, a song The arrival ceremony was conducted in - the presence of the Governor-General, Chamber to the West Door of the Wellington no details of the Unknown Warrior’s life, inspired by the death of a Maori soldier the Prime Minister, Ministers of the Cathedral of St Paul. including what religion he was, if any, the who was killed in France during World War Crown, Members of Parliament, diplomatic The procession was led by the Principal service is multi-faith with prayers offered One. It laments his passing and evokes the and national veteran organisation Defence Chaplain and a Tri-Service by representatives of the Christian, Jewish, joy his return would bring. As a tribute representatives. Firing Party with the casket being carried Muslim and Hindu faiths and includes to France, where the Unknown Warrior secular elements. The closing blessing will has lain for almost ninety years, the Choir As the Bearer Party approached the steps at shoulder height by the Bearer Party and flanked by the Military Honorary Pallbearers. be shared by eight heads of churches. will sing Cantique de Jean Racine by Faure. of Parliament, the Unknown Warrior was Congregational hymns include O God accorded a General Salute by the Guard The Bearer Party and a The Lesson will be read by the Chief of New Zealand Army drummer followed. Defence Force, Air Marshal B.R. Ferguson Our Help in Ages Past which was sung of Honour followed by a karanga and in Westminster Abbey on 11 November - OBE AFC, and Her Excellency the Governor- haka powhiri performed by the kapa haka On arrival at the Cathedral, the casket 1920 at the funeral service of the British General Dame Silvia Cartwright PCNZM DBE, group. The Bearer Party then ascended the was carried into the Nave and taken in Unknown Warrior. steps of Parliament House and entered the procession to the Upper Chancel by way will read Colonel William Malone’s last Legislative Council Chamber where the of the centre aisle before being placed letter to his wife (page 24). A third casket was placed on a catafalque and on the catafalque. reading, Christina Georgina Rosetti’s a vigil mounted for the Lying-in-State. words on a theme of Remember, will be given by Vice Chairman of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission,

22 23

ROUTE OF FUNERAL PROCESSION

Quinn’s Post BROOKLYN THE TERRACE 8.10 pm 5.8.15 RD TINAKOR My sweetheart, THOM I RD PSON WILLIS ST In less than 2 Hours we move off to a valley, where we will be up all night and tomorrow VICT BOL B ORIA ST THE TERRACE OW in readiness for a big attack which will start tomorrow night. Everything promises well and E ST HILL T N WEBB ST ON ST

S

victory should rest with us. God grant it so and that our casualties will not be too heavy HOPP T ER ST WILLIS ST HA

I expect to go thro’ all right but dear wife if anything untoward happens to me you must BOULC WKE TARANAKI ST GHUZNEE ST OT not grieve too much – there are our dear children to be brought up. You know how I love ABLE SMITH T VIVIANCUBA ST ST

and have loved you, and we have had many years of great happiness together. If at any THE TERRACE ST ON National War MANNERS LAM time in the past I seemed absorbed in ‘affairs’ it was that I might make proper provision for DIXON ST B TO ST E Memorial VICT CUST N QUAY St Paul's you and the children. That was due from me. It is true that perhaps I overdid it some what. TARANAKI ST ORIA ST OMHOUSE QUAFEATHERST Parliament Civic Cathedral I believe now that I did, but did not see it at the time. I regret very much now that it was Square ON ST THIS LETTER WAS WRITTEN BY -COLONEL WILLIAM GEORGE MALONE, COMMANDING OFFICER OF THE WELLINGTON INFANTRY BATTALION, ON THE EVE OF THE AUGUST OFFENSIVE AT GALLIPOLI. AFTER LEADING HIS MEN ONTO CHUNUK BAIR EARLY ON 8 AUGUST 1915 AND HOLDING THE POSITION THROUGHOUT THE DAY, HE WAS KILLED BY A SHELL IN EARLY EVENING. HIS BODY WAS NEVER RECOVEREDAND HE IS COMMEMORATED ON THE NEW ZEALAND MEMORIAL TO THE MISSING AT CHUNUK BAIR, ALONG WITH MANY OF THE MEN WHO STOOD WITH HIM ON THAT FATEFUL DAY. so and that I lost more happiness than I need have done. You must forgive me. Forgive also BUCKLE ST Y Y T JERVOIS QUA MANNERS S anything unkindly or hard that I may have done or said in the past. D VIVIAN ST E TORY ST C IEL WAT VE Basin A F MULGRA I have made a will and it is at the office at Stratford. I think it was justly drawn. Anyway L KE Railway Station Reserve P A ERLOO QU T Y HO W R I intended it so to be. I hope and think that the provision for you and the children will keep CAMBRIDGE A N DO N N you and them in ease and comfort. I know that you will never forget me or let the dear KENT E A TC T Te Papa Y Q TCE E U children do so. UR Lambton Harbour A O CABLE ST Y

C I am prepared for death and hope that God will have forgiven me all my sins. My desire for life so that I may see and be with you again could not be greater, but I have only done what every man was bound to do in our country’s need. It has been a great consolation to me that you approved my action. The sacrifice was really yours. May you be consoled and rewarded by our dear Lord.

Your loving husband

PHOTOGRAPH COURTESY OF THE ALEXANDER TURNBULL LIBRARY Wm. G. Malone

[MALONE PAPERS, MSX 2553, ALEXANDER TURNBULL LIBRARY, WELLINGTON] 24 25 FUNERAL PROCESSION ORDER OF PROCESSION

At the conclusion of the Memorial Service, the Unknown Warrior MILITARY HONORARY PALLBEARERS TRI-SERVICE 100 PERSON ESCORT is processed through the streets of Wellington to his final resting Air Marshal B.R. Ferguson, OBE AFC TRI-SERVICE FIRING PARTY place at the National War Memorial. CHIEF OF DEFENCE FORCE

The casket is carried from the Upper Chancel of the Cathedral Air Vice Marshal J.H.S. Hamilton, ONZM MVO NZ ARMY BAND to a Gun Carriage positioned in Hill Street. CHIEF OF AIR FORCE PRINCIPAL DEFENCE CHAPLAIN Lament for the the Unknown Warrior of New Zealand and Highland D.I. Ledson, ONZM DEFENCE CLERGY Cathedral are played by New Zealand Defence Force pipers. CHIEF OF NAVY FUNERAL DIRECTOR At approximately 12.15pm, the procession moves off and a 19 gun J.R. Steer, ONZM salute is given. ROYAL NEW ZEALAND NAVY MILITARY CASKET GUN CASKET MILITARY The procession slow marches to Fernleaf Headstones, the funeral Major General J. Mateparae, ONZM HONORARY BEARERS CARRIAGE BEARERS HONORARY march composed for the Unknown Warrior, and Handel’s CHIEF OF ARMY Dead March from Saul. PALLBEARERS PALLBEARERS Brigadier K.E. Foote The composition of the procession appears on page 27. NEW ZEALAND ARMY BEARER PARTY COMMANDER When the procession passes the Taranaki Street-Vivian Street BEARER PARTY intersection the Tri-Service 100 Person Escort forms two ranks on ATTENDING PARTY Lt Cdr G. Stokes, BEARER PARTY COMMANDER, RNZN either side of the south lane. WOMT (P) J. Harema, RNZN The New Zealand Army Band marches through the Taranaki Street- Buckle Street intersection and ceases playing. WOWT N. Leaming, RNZN The Tri-Service Firing Party enters Buckle Street followed by the WO1 C. Wilson, NZ ARMY

Gun Carriage with the casket flanked by the Bearer Party, WO1 R. McLean, NZ ARMY the Military Honorary Pallbearers and the Attending Party. WO D. Moratti, RNZAF The Gun Carriage stops before the lower forecourt of the National WO D. True, RNZAF War Memorial.

26 27 INTERMENT CEREMONY

Peace-Rangimarie- Bell is tolled The Committal GOD DEFEND NEW ZEALAND as the procession arrives E Ihoa- Atua, Firing of Volleys O nga- Iwi! Ma-tou ra- In Flanders Fields - Last Post Ata whakarongona SUNG BY THE DUNEDIN RSA CHOIR Me aroha noa. Ode to the Fallen Introduction and Prologue READ BY TAMATI PARAONE, NATIONAL PRESIDENT 28 Kia hua ko te pai BY ANDREW RENTON-GREEN, CHAIRMAN OF THE - - MAORI BATTALION ASSOCIATION AND Kia tau to atawhai NATIONAL WAR MEMORIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL JOHN CAMPBELL, NATIONAL PRESIDENT RNZRSA Manaakitia mai Eulogy Aotearoa. Reveille BY HER EXCELLENCY DAME SILVIA CARTWRIGHT God of Nations at thy feet, PCNZM, DBE, GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF Placement of soils in the sarcophagus In the bonds of love we meet, NEW ZEALAND BY HIS EXCELLENCY JEAN-MICHEL MARLAUD, Hear our voices we entreat, AMBASSADOR OF FRANCE, AND THE ROYAL Homecoming - Te Hokinga Mai God defend our free land. NEW ZEALAND RETURNED AND SERVICES’ READ BY THE POET, VINCENT O’SULLIVAN Guard Pacific’s triple star, ASSOCIATION DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES From the shafts of strife and war, Choral Commemoration Placement of tributes in the grave Make her praises heard afar, SUNG BY THE TUDOR CONSORT AS THE CASKET by the Guests of Honour God defend New Zealand. IS PROCESSED TO THE TOMB. All stand to sing the National Anthem Karakia - BY SAM JACKSON, KAUMATUA Departure of the Guests of Honour

Blessing of the tomb Carillon Elegy COLONEL JULIAN WAGG QHC, PRINCIPAL DEFENCE CHAPLAIN At the conclusion of the service, guests and the public are invited to pay their Lowering of the casket into the grave respects at the tomb.

Mounting of the vigil Carillon Recital

28 29 NATIONAL WAR MEMORIAL CARILLON RECITAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Timothy Hurd QSM The key contributions of the following WO1 Tony Harding NATIONAL CARILLONIST individuals and organisations in the Sgt Theresa Hawkins 1 / Te Deum Laudamus Roy Hamlin Johnson (1927-) planning, preparation and implementation Brian Kennedy of the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior Lt Col Rick McDonald 2 / Lamento for Sonatine for carillon Gaston Feremans (1907-1964) project are gratefully acknowledged. Cdr Sandra McKie MINISTRY FOR CULTURE AND HERITAGE Denise Mackay 3 / Andante in d minor J.H. Fiocco (1703-1740) Ailsa Cain Lt Cdr Frank Rands 4 / Dido’s Lament & Final Chorus Henry Purcell (1659-1695) Meredith Dooley Lt Col David Russell from Dido and Aeneas Timothy Hurd Capt Mark Samuels Dr Ian McGibbon WO1 Nigel Shields 5 / Tower by the Sea Gerard Boedijn (1893-1972) Fran McGowan Cdre Alan Peck Margaret Marks Capt Leanne Smith 6 / Lamento for carillon Jef Rottiers (1904-1985) Alison Parr WO Patrick Smith 7 / Improvisation on a theme by Timothy Hurd (1952-) Paul Riley WO1 Mark Kenneth Leighton: Drop, drop Catriona Robertson Sgt Michael Te Hau slow tears from Cruxifixus pro nobis Darryl Stevens Col (Chap) Julian Wagg Brodie Stubbs Doug Walker Caroline Toplis NATIONAL WAR MEMORIAL Martin Wikaira ADVISORY COUNCIL Col Andrew Renton-Green (retd) NEW ZEALAND DEFENCE FORCE Lt Cdr Keith Anderson MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE Lt Col Kevin Arlidge Emma Escure Lt Cdr Graeme Briggs Virginia Fenton Flt Lt Owen Clarke Catherine Nicol Wg Cdr Grant Crosland Maj Joe Dowrick

30 31 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

VETERANS’ AFFAIRS NEW ZEALAND PARLIAMENTARY SERVICES PROMANCO KENMAN LIMITED Col Jessie Gunn (retd) Beverley Cathcart Ian Mackaskill Fiona Macrae Casey Costello Henriette Risseeuw Jonathan Barlow DEPARTMENT OF PRIME MINISTER ARMSTRONG DOWNES LTD AND CABINET WELLINGTON CITY COUNCIL Richard Angus Phillip O’Shea John Dawson Grant Greenfield OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTER Richard Maclean Simon Taylor Helen Ray Kathryn Street STUDIO OF PACIFIC ARCHITECTURE Philip van Dyk Paul Cummack DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS, Kaye Calder Evzen Novak VISITS & CEREMONIAL OFFICE Tracey Thompson Gray WELLINGTON CATHEDRAL OF ST PAUL Joe Frahm Richard Apperley DUNNING THORNTON Sharon Mills Rt Rev Dr Thomas Brown Paul Brimmer Jenny Officer Michael Fulcher Mark Oldershaw NORMAN DISNEY YOUNG Barrie Gimson Marina Levine TE PUNI KOKIRI Canon Michael Holland Sandra Sayers Bert Mackie Max Kenworthy Very Rev Frank Nelson ROYAL NEW ZEALAND RETURNED Thanks are also due to the many AND SERVICES’ ASSOCIATION FUNERAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION individuals who have played a role Dr Stephen Clarke OF NEW ZEALAND in the ceremonies on 6, 10 and Pat Herbert John Duncan 11 November 2004.

WELLINGTON TENTHS TRUST COMMONWEALTH WAR GRAVES COMMISSION Sam Jackson Tim Reeves Peter Love David Stacey

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