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Parrotia Persica) Over the Last 3 Million Years Structures des paléoforêts européennes de la fin du Cénozoïque : apport des interactions plante-insecte Benjamin Adroit To cite this version: Benjamin Adroit. Structures des paléoforêts européennes de la fin du Cénozoïque : apport des in- teractions plante-insecte. Biodiversité et Ecologie. Université Montpellier; Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie (Bonn), 2018. Français. NNT : 2018MONTG008. tel-01815989 HAL Id: tel-01815989 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01815989 Submitted on 14 Jun 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER En EERGP - Écologie, Evolution, Ressources Génétique, Paléobiologie École doctorale GAIA - Biodiversité, Agriculture, Alimentation, Environnement, Terre, Eau Unité de recherche Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier UMR 5554 Structures des paléoforêts Européennes de la fin du Cénozoïque : apport des interactions plante-insecte Présentée par Benjamin ADROIT 0DUV 2018 Sous la direction de Jean-Frédéric TERRAL de l’Université de Montpellier et Torsten WAPPLER de l’Université de Bonn Devant le jury composé de Mme. Brigitte MEYER-BERTHAUD, Directrice de recherche, Université de Montpellier Présidente du jury M. Dieter UHL, apl. Professeur, Senckenberg Research Institute Frankfurt am Main Rapporteur M. Romain GARROUSTE, Ingénieur de recherche, MNHN à Sorbonne Universités Rapporteur Mme. Sylvie HURTREZ-BOUSSE ̀S, Professeure, Université de Montpellier Examinatrice M. Jes RUST, Professeur, Université de Bonn Examinateur M. Maximilian WEIGEND, Professeur, Université de Bonn Membre du jury M. Torsten WAPPLER, Maître de conférence, Université de Bonn Membre du jury M. Jean-Frédéric TERRAL, Professeur, Université de Montpellier Membre du jury M. Vincent GIRARD, Maître de conférence, Université de Montpellier Invité THÈSE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER En EERGP - Écologie, Evolution, Ressources Génétique, Paléobiologie École doctorale GAIA - Biodiversité, Agriculture, Alimentation, Environnement, Terre, Eau Unité de recherche Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier UMR 5554 Structures des paléoforêts Européennes de la fin du Cénozoïque : apport des interactions plante-insecte Présentée par Benjamin ADROIT 0DUV 2018 Sous la direction de Jean-Frédéric TERRAL de l’Université de Montpellier et Torsten WAPPLER de l’Université de Bonn Devant le jury composé de Mme. Brigitte MEYER-BERTHAUD, Directrice de recherche, Université de Montpellier Présidente du jury M. Dieter UHL, apl. Professeur, Senckenberg Research Institute Frankfurt am Main Rapporteur M. Romain GARROUSTE, Ingénieur de recherche, MNHN à Sorbonne Universités Rapporteur Mme. Sylvie HURTREZ-BOUSSE ̀S, Professeure, Université de Montpellier Examinatrice M. Jes RUST, Professeur, Université de Bonn Examinateur M. Maximilian WEIGEND, Professeur, Université de Bonn Membre du jury M. Torsten WAPPLER, Maître de conférence, Université de Bonn Membre du jury M. Jean-Frédéric TERRAL, Professeur, Université de Montpellier Membre du jury M. Vincent GIRARD, Maître de conférence, Université de Montpellier Invité To my grand-father Dr. Jacques Adroit © Gwenaël Magne ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, DANKSAGUNGEN, REMERCIEMENTS To become a Paleontologist was my childhood dream, but when you are a child you do not realize the long way that you will have to go to achieve so. And I’m ending this long ride by presenting this thesis and thanking all the people involved in it. First and foremost, I would like to give a special thank you to Torsten Wappler. Everything started when I contacted him in 2013 to ask him for some help with one of his article. It was my first real interview in English and from that moment, we never lost contact. I cannot express enough gratitude to Torsten for his support since the beginning. He accompanied me to my first important conferences, professional trips, introduced to me a lot of people involved in science and he has further convinced me to become a researcher. He helped me throughout my thesis by being a patient listener, and providing me a lot of help within the many administrative troubles I have faced; without him this thesis would not have been accomplished. He is the person, among others, who taught me how to collaborate perfectly with others researchers. For all of this, I will attempt to draw my inspiration for my future researches from him. I would also like to thank Vincent Girard for his work and help during this thesis. He has guided me since my first year of Master in Montpellier. We have chosen this research topic together and now it has become a thesis, thank you for that. Besides, I had the privilege to be the first student which he trusted enough to do a thesis with, I hope with no regrets! Thanks to his precious advices, he is the person who taught me precision and scientific rigor. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Jean-Frederic Terral for his open-mindedness and calm throughout the complex situations I have faced, both science and administrative. His support, influenced by his personal experience, has been very precious to me and to for the achievement of my PhD project. Finally, I must give a special thanks to Adam Ali. He was the first to trust me when I started the university course and from my first year. He gave me essential and fair advices to succeed at the University and today thanks to all of that I can accomplish my childhood dream to become a Doctor in Paleontology. He became a precious friend who helped me in sciences projects, but also in personal projects. His career and his consideration are a great source of inspiration for me today. I would like to thank André Nel and Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud, both involved in my scientific committee, who guaranteed the fine organization of this PhD project. This is also why, I want to say thank you to Stefanie Wagner for her advices, Mr Winneges from Bonn and Mrs Hasler and Mr Bouvy from Montpellier for their goodwill during this co-tutelle. Lastly, I want to thank the scientist co-workers involved in the different chapters of this thesis, Rajai Hossein, Lutz Kunzamn, Alexander Gheler, Morteza Djamali, Suzanne Leroy. v Particular thanks to Mehdi Abedi and Mahdieh Malekhosseini for their large contribution in the Iranian part of this PhD project. Moreover, thank you to Tony Jijina and Gentry Catlett for their English-language support along the different articles of this thesis, I am convinced that we will work together again in the future. A special thank you to the organizations which funded the present thesis: The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant no WA 1492/8-1; 11-1) financially supported the large majority of this project; the Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM) printed a large quantity of the thesis’ manuscript. Ich bedanke mich beim gesamten Steinmann Institut. Ich bedanke mich auch bei meinem von Prof. Jens Rust erfolgreich geführten Team der „Invertebratenpaläontologie", welches mir die Realisierung meines Projektes ermöglicht hat. Besonders möchte ich die graphische Unterstützung von Dorothea Kranz hervorheben, sowie die Hilfe von Samantha Moody, Tatjana Laupenmühlen, Frauke Stebner und Anna Leana Möller. Ganz herzlich bedanke ich mich bei Gloria Mouanga für das Teilen ihrer Erfahrungen mit Doktorarbeiten und vor allem für ihre Hilfe im Alltag und das Eingliedern im Labor. “ Ich bringe den Wein mit ". Tausend Dank an Beate Mühlens-Scaramuzza, die mir bei Behördengängen in Deutschland sehr geholfen hat. Ich möchte mich weiterhin bei meinen deutsch-französischen Freunden Samuel Pfab und Morgane Stumpp bedanken. Sie haben mir viel über dieses Land, der deutschen Kultur und Traditionen beigebracht. Außerdem haben Sie mir geholfen Schwierigkeiten des Alltags zu überbrücken (und diesen Text zu übersetzen). Zum Schluss bedanke ich mich bei Angela Nekes für ihre unermeßliche Hilfe im Alltag, bei Übersetzungen und ihrer langjährigen Freundschaft. Je souhaite remercier l’ensemble de mes collègues de l’ISEM ayant contribués à ce projet de thèse avec une attention aux ex-CBAE, me voilà l’un des derniers rescapés de ce laboratoire. Je remercie particulièrement Severine Fauquette pour nos discussions scientifiques riches de sens ainsi que de son importante contribution à une partie spécifique de ma thèse. Mes pensées vont également à Laurent Brémond, maintenant mon ami, pour ses conseils avisés et son appuie essentiel notamment sportif le long de cette cruciale dernière année. Je tiens à remercier également Agnès Mignot pour son appuie administratif et plus généralement nos discussions tardives durant les moments de travail nocturne. Merci à Sébastien Picard pour son aide logistique notamment sur cette dernière ligne droite. Enfin je remercie l’ensemble des doctorants que j’ai pu côtoyer ici, avec qui j’ai partagé de superbes moments et sans qui cette vi thèse n’aurait pas la saveur si particulière qu’elle a aujourd’hui : Jérôme Ross, Christophe Valschalde, Clémence Pagnoux, Stéfanie Bodin, Marion Lestienne,
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