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BIBLIOGRAFÍA COMPLETA Adcock, F.E. (2015 [1956]). Caesar as a Man of Letters. Cambridge. Alexander, M.C. (1999). Trials in the Late Roman Republic, 140 BC to 50 BC. Toronto. Arena, V. (2010). Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge. Armitage, D. (2017). Civil Wars. A History in Ideas. Nueva York. Badian, E. (1959). Caesar’s cursus and the intervals between offices. JRS 49, 81-89. Baehr, P. (1998). Caesar and the Fading of the Roman World. A Study in Republica- nism and Caesarism. New Brunswick. Barwick, K. (1951). Caesars Bellum Civile. Tendenz, Abfassungszeit und Stil. Leipzig. Batstone, WW. y Damon, C. (2006). Caesar’s Civil War. Oxford. Beard, M. (2009). El triunfo romano. Barcelona. - (2014). Laughter in Ancient Rome: On Joking, Tickling, and Cracking Up, Oakland. California. Benario, H.W. (2012). Caesar’s Gallic War: a Commentary. Norman. Benferhat, Y. (2005). Cives Epicurei. Les épicuriens et l’idée de monarchie à Rome et en Italie de Sylla à Octave. Bruselas. Berti, N. (1987). La guerra di Cesare contro Pompeo. Commento storico a Cassio Dione libro XLI. Milán. Boatwright, M.T. (1988-89). Caesar’s Second Consulship and the Completion and Date of the Bellum Civile. CJ 84, 31-40. Broughton, T.R.S. (1951-60). The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Nueva York. Bruhns, H. (1978). Caesar und die römische Oberschicht in den Jahren 49-44 v. Chr. Gotinga. Brunt, P.A. (1971). Italian Manpower. Oxford. - (1986). Cicero’s Officium in the Civil War. JRS 76, 12-32. Cadiou, F. (2018). L’armée imaginaire. Les soldats prolétaires dans les legions romaines au dernier siècle de la République. París. Cairns, F. y Fantham, E. (eds.) (2003). Caesar against liberty? Perspectives on his Autocracy. Cambridge. 1 Julio César: muerte de una república Canfora, L. (1999). Giulio Cesare. Il dittatore democrático. Bari. Carcopino, J. (2007). Julio César. El proceso clásico de la concentración del poder. Madrid. Carter, J.M. (1993). Julius Caesar. The Civil War (2 vols.). Warminster. Chassignet, M. (2018). Caesar and Previous Roman Historiography. En Grillo y Krebs (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Writings of Julius Caesar(pp. 249- 262). Cambridge. Chevallier, R. (ed.) (1985). Presence de César: hommage au doyen M. Rambaud. París. Chrissanthos, S.G. (2001). Caesar and the Mutiny of 47 B.C. JRS 91, 63-75. Collins, J.H. (1959). On the Date and Interpretation of the Bellum Civile. AJPh 80, 113-132. - (1972). Caesar as Political Propagandist. ANRW 1.1, 922-966. Cornell, T.J. (ed.) (2013). The Fragments of the Roman Historians. Oxford (3 vols.). Corzo, R. (1973). Munda y las vías de comunicación en el Bellum Hispaniense. Habis 3, 242-252. Cowan, E. (2015). Caesar’s one fatal wound: Suetonius Divus Iulius 82.3. HSCPh 108, 361-376. Cristofoli, R. (2008). Antonio e Cesare, anni 54-44 a.C. Roma. Deutsch, M. (1914). The Year of Caesar’s Birth. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 45, 17-28. - (1918). The Women of Cesar’s Family. The Classical Journal 13(7), 502-414. Dietler, M. (1994). Our ancestors the Gauls: Archaeology, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Manipulations of Celtic Identity in Modern Europe. American Anthro- pologist 96(3), 584-605. Drinkwater, J. (1983). Roman Gaul. The three Provinces, 58 BC-AD 260. Londres. Durán Recio, V. y Ferreiro López, M. (1984). Acerca del lugar donde se dio la batalla de Munda. Habis 15, 229-235. Feeney, D. (2007). Caesars Calendar. Ancient Time and the Beginning of History. Berkeley. Fezzi, L. (2017). Il dado è tratto. Cesare e la resa di Roma. Bari-Roma. Fornara, C.W. (1988). The Nature of History in Ancient Greece and Rome. Berkeley. Frederiksen, M. (1966). Caesar, Cicero and the Problem of Debt. JRS 56, 128- 141. Gabba, E. (1956). Appiano e le guerre civile. Florencia. Gaetner, J.F. y Hausburg, B.C. (2013). Caesar and the Bellum Alexandrinum. An Analysis of Style, Narrative Technique and the Reception of Greek Historiography. Gotinga. Gagliardi, P. (1997). Il dissenso e l’ironia. Per una rilettura delle orazioni “cesariane” di Cicerone. Nápoles. Gagliardi, L. (2011). Cesare, Pompeo e la lotta per le magistrature, anni 52-50 a.C. Milán. 2 Bibliografía completa Garcea, A. (2012). Caesar’s De Analogia. Edition, Translation and Commentary. Oxford. García Fernández, E. (2010). Un comentario al discurso Pro Balbo de Cicerón. En Fornis, C., Gallego, J., López Barja, P. y Valdés, M. (eds.), Dialéctica histórica y compromiso social. Homenaje a Domingo Plácido (pp. 150-169). Za- ragoza. Gelzer, M. (1954). War Caesar ein Staatsmann? HZ 178, 449-470. - (1968). Caesar. Politician and Statesman. Cambridge Mass. (trad.). - (1969 [1912]). The Roman Nobility. Oxford. Gentili, G. (ed.) (2008). Giulio Cesare. L’uomo, le impresse, il mito. Milán. - (ed.) (2013). Cleopatra.Roma e il incantesimo dell’Egitto. Milán. Girardet, K.M. (2001). Imperia und provinciae des Pompeius 82 bis 48 v.Chr. Chiron 31, 153-209. Goldsworthy, A. (2007). César. Madrid (ed. or.: Caesar. The Life of a Colossus, 2006). Goudineau, C. (2000). César et la Gaule. París. Grillo, L. (2012). The Art of Caesar’s Bellum Civile. Literature, Ideology and Com- munity. Cambridge. - y Krebs, C.B. (eds.) (2018). The Cambridge Companion to the Writings of Julius Caesar. Cambridge. Griffin, M. (ed.) (2009). A Companion to Julius Caesar. Oxford. Gruen, E.S. (1974). The Last Generation of the Roman Republic.Berkeley. Hatt, J.J. (1959). Histoire de la Gaule Romaine (120 avant JC-451 après JC). París. Hillman, T. P. (1988). Strategic Reality and the Movements of Caesar, January 49 BC. Historia 37, 248-252. Horsfall, N. (1974). The Ides of March: Some New Problems. Greece and Rome 21, 191-199. Hölkeskamp, K.-J. (2019). La cultura política de la República romana: un debate historiográfico internacional.Zaragoza. Jashemski, W.F. (1966). The origins and history of the proconsular and the propraeto- rian imperium to 27 B.C. Roma. Jehne, M. (1987). Der Staat des dictators Caesar. Bohlau. - (2001). Julio César. Madrid. Keppie, L. (1983). Colonisation and Veteran Settlement in Italy, 47-14 B.C. Roma. Jullian, C. (1963). Vercingetórix. París. King, A. (2015). Vercingetorix, Asterix and the Gauls: the use of Gallic national symbols in 19th and 20th century French politics and culture. Images of Rome. Perceptions of Ancient Rome in Europe and the United States in the Modern Age (ed. R. Hingley). Journal of Roman Archaeology, 113-125. Klotz, A. (1917). Iulius (Caesar). RE 19, cols. 186-275. Koortbojian, M. (2015). The Divinization of Caesar and Augustus. Precedents, Con- sequences and Implications. Cambridge. 3 Julio César: muerte de una república Krebs, C. B. (2006). Imaginery Geography. Caesar’s Bellum Gallicum. American Journal of Philology 127 (1), 111-136. - (2013). Caesar, Lucretius and the dates of De rerum natura and the Commen- tarii. The Classical Quaterly 63, 772-779. - (2014). Caesar’s Sisenna. The Classical Quaterly 64, 207-213. - (2016). Thucydides in Gaul; the siege of Platea as Caesar’s model for his siege of Avaricum. Histos 10, 1-14. - (2018). Greetings, Cicero!: Caesar and Plato on writing and memory. The Classical Quaterly 68 (2), 517-522. Lamoine, L. (2006). La pratique du vergobret: le témoinage de César confronté aux inscriptions. CCG 17, 81-104. Lange, C.H. (2013). Triumph and civil war in the late Republic. PBSR 81, 67-90. - y Vervaet, F.J. (eds.) (2014). The Roman Republican Triumph Beyond the Spectacle. Roma. - (2019). The Historiography of Later Republican Civil War. Leiden. La Penna, A. (1952). Tendenze e arte del Bellum Ciuile di Cesare. Maia 5, 191- 233. Le Bohec, Y. (2009). Peuples et fédérations en Gaule (58-51 avant J.-C.): lecture socio-juridique du Bellum Gallicum. París. Levi, M.A. (1933). Ottaviano capoparte. Storia politica di Roma durante le ultime lotte di supremazia. Florencia (2 vols.). Lintott, A. (1999). Violence in Republican Rome. Oxford. - (2009). The Constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford. Liou-Grille, B. (1999). César, Flamen Dialis destinatus. REA 101, 433-459. López Barja de Quiroga, P. (2007). Imperio legítimo. El pensamiento político roma- no en tiempos de Cicerón. Madrid. - (2019). Sallust as a Historian of Civil War. En Lange y Vervaet (eds.), The Historiography of Late Republican Civil War (pp. 160-184). Leiden. - (2019). Bellum Ciuile Pompeianum: the War of Words. CQ 69, pp. 700-714. López Barja de Quiroga, P. y Lomas Salmonte, F.J. (2004). Historia de Roma. Madrid. López Vilar, J. (2013). César contra Pompeyo. Glandes inscriptae de la batalla de Ilerda (49 a.C.). Chiron 43, 431-457. Luraschi, G. (1979). Foedus ius Latii Civitas: aspetti costituzionali della Romanizza- zione in Transpadana, Padua. Mas, S. (2018). Epicuro, epicúreos y el epicureísmo en Roma. Madrid. Madsen, J.M. (2019). In the Shadow of Civil War: Cassius Dio and his Roman History. En Lange y Vervaet (eds.), The Historiography of Late Republican Civil War (pp. 467-501). Leiden. Meier, C. (1995 [1982]). Caesar. Londres. Melchor Gil, E., Mellaso Rodríguez, J. y Rodríguez Neila, J.F. (eds.) (2005). Julio César y Corduba: Tiempo y espacio en la campaña de Munda. Córdoba. 4 Bibliografía completa Meyer, E. (1922). Caesars Monarchie und das Prinzipat des Pompeius. Stutgardt (3.ª ed.). Millar, F.G.B. (1998). The Crowd in Rome in the Late Republic. Ann Arbor. Momigliano, A. (1941). Epicureans in Revolt. JRS 31, 149-157. Mommsen, Th. (1983 [1854-56]). Historia de Roma. Madrid (citado por volumen y página). - (1983a). El mundo de los Césares. Madrid. Morgan, Ll. (1997). Leui quidem de re… Julius Caesar as Tyrant and Pedant. JRS 87, 23-40. - (2000). The Autopsy of Asinius Pollio. JRS 90, 51-69. Morstein-Marx, R. (2007). Caesar’s Alleged Fear of Prosecution and his Ratio Absentis in the Approach of the Civil War.
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    Julius Caesar.Docx

    Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was a renowned statesman, military leader and politician who ultimately became the linchpin for the Roman Republic's transition to the Roman Empire. His cognomen (third name) was subsequently adopted as a synonym for "Emperor"; the title "Caesar" was used throughout the Roman Empire, giving rise to modern cognates such as Kaiser and Tsar. The information from this article will be useful in the World History Segment of the IAS Exam Early Life of Julius Caesar Gaius Lulius Caesar was born on July 13 100 BC. His father was also Gaius Julius Caesar and his mother Aurelia Cotta. Julius Caesar was also the nephew of Gaius Marius, who was instrumental in reforming the Roman army Although Ceaser traced his family back to the mythical Aeneas, said to be the ancestors of Romulus and Remus (founders of Rome), his family was neither wealthy nor influential in Roman politics. His father died in 85 BC, which made Caesar the head of his family at the age of 16. It was at this time that his uncle was in a civil war with Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a dictator who ruled Rome. In 84 B.C., he married Cornelia, the daughter of an ally of Marius. Caesar and Cornelia had one child, a daughter named Julia. Sulla won the civil war in 82 BC and began to exact vengeance on whoever sided with Marius, including immediate family members. He ordered Caesar to divorce Cornelia. Upon Caesar's refusal, Sulla ordered his execution. Caesar's family intervened and pleaded for clemency.
  • PDF of the Notes

    PDF of the Notes

    Notes __________________________________ These notes aspire neither to completeness nor to the naming of the first respective orig- inator of a thought or a theory. Since this work is more a research report than an academic treatise, such aspirations would actually be neither required nor useful. However, should we have violated any rights of primogeniture, this did not happen intentionally and we hereby apologize beforehand, and promise to mend our ways. We also would like to express our gratitude in advance for any references, tips, or clues sent to us. For abbreviations of collected editions and lexicons, journals and serials, monographs and terms see Ziegler & Sontheimer (1979). For the Greek authors’ names and titles see Liddell & Scott (1996) and for the Latin ones Glare (1996). The Gospel texts translated into English were quoted on the basis of the King James Ver- sion of 1611. In some cases the Revised Standard Version of 1881 and the New American Bible of 1970 were relied on. These three translations often differ from each other considerably. Although they all, even the Catholic one, make use of the original languages rather than the Vulgate as a basis for translation, they have the tendency to read the text of the New Testament according to the current interpreta- tion and to amalgamate it with the Old, so that in critical points the newer transla- tions are overtly conflicting with the Greek original text, arbitrarily interpreting e. g. thalassa, properly ‘sea’, as lake, Christos, ‘Christ’, as Messiah, adapting the orthog- raphy of the proper names in the New Testament to those in the Old, e.g.