Nassau Grouper

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Life Cycle Pelagic juvenile stage (Late larval to early juvenile) 25 ‒ 30 mm total length (TL) (1.0 ‒ 1.2 in) 35 ‒ 50 days Fertilized pelagic eggs (up to 1 mm) Competent larvae ready to settle from hatch 23 ‒ 40 hours following the plankton are carried by night-time fertilization. flood tides from the open ocean to nursery areas. Late juvenile Early juvenile 150 ‒ 400 mm TL (5.9 ‒ 15.7 in) 30 ‒ 150 mm TL (1.9 ‒ 5.9 in) 1 ‒ 4 years 10 ‒ 12 months Natural Prey Groupers change their diet as they grow. Juveniles feed mostly on crustaceans, while Early juveniles settle from the plankton into a variety of nursery areas including inshore algal beds, where they will live for up to one year. At 10 ‒ 12 months Nassau grouper move to patch reefs in shallow-water areas where they remain for several Shrimp Spawning Aggregations Amphipods Some Nassau grouper may change sex from female to male when they reach a total length of between 300 and 800 mm (11.9 ‒ 31.5 in). Spider crab Spiny lobster During the full moon of winter months Nassau grouper migrate Octopus up to hundreds of kilometers to form large spawning aggregations at specific locations. 1. Four color phases - barred, white belly, bicolor, and dark are observed during courtship and spawning. 2. Multiple males and at least one female break away from the larger group and rush upwards prior to spawning. Several species of reef fish 3 & 4. As the spawning rush reaches a peak, eggs and sperm are released into the water and the fish rapidly descend back to the bottom. Natural Predators Spawning aggregations may have consisted of up to 100,000 individuals historically. Most existing spawning aggregations consist of hundreds or a few thousand fish at most. Caribbean reef shark Barracuda On average, the Nassau grouper reaches a length of 300 - 600 mm (12 - 24 in) and weighs 4.5 - 9.0 kg (10-20 lbs). The maximum age reported for “Providing solutions for people and our oceans through research this fish is about 30 and education, since 1970.” years. Early larval Pelagic juvenile stage Phone: (561) 741-0192 Email: [email protected] www.cmrc.org CMRC Poster Series No. 3 Juvenile LEE STOCKING ISLAND, BAHAMAS Adult JUPITER, FLORIDA Copyright © 2004 Dawn Witherington.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Epinephelus Drummondhayi Goode and Bean, 1878 EED Frequent Synonyms / Misidentifications: None / None
click for previous page 1340 Bony Fishes Epinephelus drummondhayi Goode and Bean, 1878 EED Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / None. FAO names: En - Speckled hind; Fr - Mérou grivelé; Sp - Mero pintaroja. Diagnostic characters: Body depth subequal to head length, 2.4 to 2.6 times in standard length (for fish 20 to 43 cm standard length). Nostrils subequal; preopercle rounded, evenly serrate. Gill rakers on first arch 9 or 10 on upper limb, 17 or 18 on lower limb, total 26 to 28. Dorsal fin with 11 spines and 15 or 16 soft rays, the membrane incised between the anterior spines; anal fin with 3 spines and 9 soft rays; caudal fin trun- cate or slightly emarginate, the corners acute; pectoral-fin rays 18. Scales strongly ctenoid, about 125 lateral-scale series; lateral-line scales 72 to 76. Colour: adults (larger than 33 cm) dark reddish brown, densely covered with small pearly white spots; juveniles (less than 20 cm) bright yellow, covered with small bluish white spots. Size: Maximum about 110 cm; maximum weight 30 kg. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Adults inhabit offshore rocky bottoms in depths of 25 to 183 m but are most common between 60 and 120 m.Females mature at 4 or 5 years of age (total length 45 to 60 cm).Spawning oc- curs from July to September, and a large female may produce up to 2 million eggs at 1 spawning. Back-calculated total lengths for fish aged 1 to 15 years are 19, 32, 41, 48, 53, 57, 61, 65, 68, 71, 74, 77, 81, 84, and 86 cm; the maximum age attained is at least 25 years, and the largest specimen measured was 110 cm.
[Show full text]
Diet Composition of Juvenile Black Grouper (Mycteroperca Bonaci) from Coastal Nursery Areas of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 77(3): 441–452, 2005 NOTE DIET COMPOSITION OF JUVENILE BLACK GROUPER (MYCTEROPERCA BONACI) FROM COASTAL NURSERY AREAS OF THE YUCATÁN PENINSULA, MEXICO Thierry Brulé, Enrique Puerto-Novelo, Esperanza Pérez-Díaz, and Ximena Renán-Galindo Groupers (Epinephelinae, Epinephelini) are top-level predators that influence the trophic web of coral reef ecosystems (Parrish, 1987; Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Sluka et al., 2001). They are demersal mesocarnivores and stalk and ambush preda- tors that sit and wait for larger moving prey such as fish and mobile invertebrates (Cailliet et al., 1986). Groupers contribute to the ecological balance of complex tropi- cal hard-bottom communities (Sluka et al., 1994), and thus large changes in their populations may significantly alter other community components (Parrish, 1987). The black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci Poey, 1860) is an important commercial and recreational fin fish resource in the western Atlantic region (Bullock and Smith, 1991; Heemstra and Randall, 1993). The southern Gulf of Mexico grouper fishery is currently considered to be deteriorated and M. bonaci, along with red grouper (Epinephelus morio Valenciennes, 1828) and gag (Mycteroperca microlepis Goode and Bean, 1880), is one of the most heavily exploited fish species in this region (Co- lás-Marrufo et al., 1998; SEMARNAP, 2000). Currently, M. bonaci is considered a threatened species (Morris et al., 2000; IUCN, 2003) and has been classified as vul- nerable in U.S. waters because male biomass in the Atlantic dropped from 20% in 1982 to 6% in 1995 (Musick et al., 2000). The black grouper is usually found on irregular bottoms such as coral reefs, drop- off walls, and rocky ledges, at depths from 10 to 100 m (Roe, 1977; Manooch and Mason, 1987; Bullock and Smith, 1991; Heemstra and Randall, 1993).
[Show full text]
V a Tion & Management of Reef Fish Sp a Wning Aggrega Tions
handbook CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT OF REEF FISH SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS A Handbook for the Conservation & Management of Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations © Seapics.com Without the Land and the Sea, and their Bounties, the People and their Traditional Ways would be Poor and without Cultural Identity Fijian Proverb Why a Handbook? 1 What are Spawning Aggregations? 2 How to Identify Spawning Aggregations 2 Species that Aggregate to Spawn 2 Contents Places Where Aggregations Form 9 Concern for Spawning Aggregations 10 Importance for Fish and Fishermen 10 Trends in Exploited Aggregations 12 Managing & Conserving Spawning Aggregations 13 Research and Monitoring 13 Management Options 15 What is SCRFA? 16 How can SCRFA Help? 16 SCRFA Work to Date 17 Useful References 18 SCRFA Board of Directors 20 Since 2000, scientists, fishery managers, conservationists and politicians have become increasingly aware, not only that many commercially important coral reef fish species aggregate to spawn (reproduce) but also that these important reproductive gatherings are particularly susceptible to fishing. In extreme cases, when fishing pressure is high, aggregations can dwindle and even cease to form, sometimes within just a few years. Whether or not they will recover and what the long-term effects on the fish population(s) might be of such declines are not yet known. We do know, however, that healthy aggregations tend to be associated with healthy fisheries. It is, therefore, important to understand and better protect this critical part of the life cycle of aggregating species to ensure that they continue to yield food and support livelihoods. Why a Handbook? As fishing technology improved in the second half of the twentieth century, engines came to replace sails and oars, the cash economy developed rapidly, and human populations and demand for seafood grew, the pressures on reef fishes for food, and especially for money, increased enormously.
[Show full text]
NOI Nassau Grouper
Sent via electronic mail April 6, 2020 Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce Chris Oliver, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries Department of Commerce National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration 1401 Constitution Ave., NW 1315 East-West Highway Washington, DC 20230 Silver Spring, MD 20910 [email protected] [email protected] RE: 60-Day Notice of Intent to Sue Regarding Violations of the Endangered Species Act; Failure to Designate Critical Habitat for the Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus) Dear Mr. Ross and Mr. Oliver: This letter serves as a sixty-day notice of intent to sue the National Marine Fisheries Service (Service) over violations of Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act (Act), 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. This notice is submitted on behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity, WildEarth Guardians, and Miami Waterkeeper. Specifically, the Service has failed to designate critical habitat for Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus). Id. §§ 1533(a)(3)(A), 1533(b)(6)(C). The Service’s failure deprives the grouper important protections and puts it at further risk of extinction. This letter is provided pursuant to the 60-day notice requirement of the citizen suit provision of the Act, to the extent that such notice is deemed necessary by a court. Id. § 1540(g). A. The ESA Requires the Service to Designate Critical Habitat for Nassau Grouper In enacting the ESA, Congress recognized that certain species “have been so depleted in numbers that they are in danger of or threatened with extinction.” Id. § 1531(a)(2). Accordingly, a primary purpose of the ESA is “to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered species and threatened species depend may be conserved, [and] to provide a program for the conservation of such .
[Show full text]
Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus Striatus) in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, with Evidence for a Spawning Aggregation Site Recovery
Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus) in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, with Evidence for a Spawning Aggregation Site Recovery ELIZABETH KADISON, RICHARD S. NEMETH, JEREMIAH BLONDEAU, TYLER SMITH, and JACQUI CALNAN Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands 2 John Brewers Bay, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands ABSTRACT The exploitation by fishing of fish spawning aggregations has caused many to disappear over the last fifty years, and has been a primary cause of dramatic stock declines of several large snapper and grouper species Caribbean-wide. In the USVI and Puerto Rico, the major Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) spawning aggregation sites were fished to extinction the 1970s, and although the species is now federally protected, most sites show no signs of recovery. In 2003, Nassau grouper were found aggregating in small numbers to spawn on an offshore reef south of St. Thomas called the Grammanik Bank. The bank was seasonally, from February to May, closed to all bottom fishing beginning in 2005 due to the aggregating of the yellowfin grouper (Mycteroperca venenosa) on the site. Since 2005, increased numbers, a significantly greater mean size, and a larger size range of Nassau grouper have been documented on the bank. The fish are spatially and temporally mixed with yellowfin grouper during courtship, and it is believed this behavior may be an artifact of decreased numbers of Nassau, now using the yellowfin as surrogate aggregation members. It is doubtful that any other large Nassau grouper spawning aggregation sites remain in the USVI, so the effectiveness of the Grammanik Bank fishing closure may play a significant role in the recovery of local stocks.
[Show full text]
Movement Patterns of Goliath Grouper Epinephelus Itajara Around Southeast Cuba: Implications for Conservation
Vol. 7: 243–247, 2009 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Printed July 2009 doi: 10.3354/esr00192 Endang Species Res Published online July 1, 2009 Contribution to the Theme Section ’Range-wide status and conservation of the goliath grouper’ OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Movement patterns of goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara around southeast Cuba: implications for conservation F. Pina-Amargós1,*, G. González-Sansón2 1Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros, Cayo Coco, Morón, Ciego de Ávila, CP 69 400, Cuba 2Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Calle 16 No. 118 entre 1ra y 3ra, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba ABSTRACT: Goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara is the largest grouper in the western hemisphere. Recently, populations have experienced dramatic declines that have become a major cause of con- cern for scientists and conservationists. It is essential for conservationists and managers to under- stand the species’ movement patterns if marine protected areas are to be effectively designed. We present results of goliath grouper movements following conventional tagging within and adjacent to the Jardines de la Reina Archipelago, which includes the Caribbean’s largest marine reserve. Five individuals were tagged in 2001 and tracked until 2003, with 541 underwater resightings through summer 2002 at the tagging sites. No goliath grouper were resighted after July 2002 at Jardines de la Reina diving sites. In February 2002, 1 individual was caught 36 km northeast of the tagging site. In August 2002, a second tagged specimen was caught 77 km southeast of the tagging site, while in August 2003, 2 individuals were captured 168 km southeast of the tagging site, at a possible spawn- ing aggregation site.
[Show full text]
Modifications to Gray Triggerfish Catch Levels
3/5/2021 Modifications to Gray Triggerfish Catch Levels Final Framework Action to the Fishery Management Plan for Reef Fish Resources of the Gulf of Mexico Including Environmental Assessment, Regulatory Impact Review, and Regulatory Flexibility Analysis March 2021 This is a publication of the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council Pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA20NMF4410011. This page intentionally blank ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT COVER SHEET Name of Action Framework Action to the Fishery Management Plan for Reef Fish Resources in the Gulf of Mexico: Modifications to Gray Triggerfish Catch Levels including Environmental Assessment, Regulatory Impact Review, and Regulatory Flexibility Act Analysis. Responsible Agencies and Contact Persons Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council (Council) 813-348-1630 4107 W. Spruce Street, Suite 200 813-348-1711 (fax) Tampa, Florida 33607 [email protected] Carly Somerset ([email protected]) Gulf Council Website National Marine Fisheries Service (Lead Agency) 727-824-5305 Southeast Regional Office 727-824-5308 (fax) 263 13th Avenue South SERO Website St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 Kelli O’Donnell ([email protected]) Type of Action ( ) Administrative ( ) Legislative ( ) Draft (X) Final This Environmental Assessment is being prepared using the 2020 CEQ NEPA Regulations. The effective date of the 2020 CEQ NEPA Regulations was September 14, 2020, and reviews begun after this date are required to apply the 2020 regulations unless there is a clear and fundamental conflict with an applicable statute. 85 Fed. Reg. at 43372-73 (§§ 1506.13, 1507.3(a)). This Environmental Assessment began on January 28, 2021, and accordingly proceeds under the 2020 regulations.
[Show full text]
Spatial Ecology of Nassau Grouper at Home Reef Sites: Using Acoustic Telemetry to Track a Large, Long-Lived Epinephelid Across Multiple Years (2005−2008)
Vol. 655: 199–214, 2020 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published November 26 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13516 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPEN ACCESS Spatial ecology of Nassau grouper at home reef sites: using acoustic telemetry to track a large, long-lived epinephelid across multiple years (2005−2008) Kayla M. Blincow1, Phillippe G. Bush2, Scott A. Heppell3, Croy M. McCoy2, Bradley C. Johnson2, Christy V. Pattengill-Semmens4, Selina S. Heppell3, Sierra J. Stevens-McGeever1, Leslie Whaylen4,5, Kirsten Luke6, Brice X. Semmens1,* 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA 2Department of Environment, Cayman Islands Government, Grand Cayman KY1-1002, Cayman Islands 3Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA 4Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF), Key Largo, Florida 33037, USA 5Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Galveston, Texas 77551, USA 6Atlantic Coast Joint Venture, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Panama City, Florida 32405, USA ABSTRACT: Characterizing the behavior of coral reef fishes at home reef sites can provide insight into the mechanisms of spatial ecology and provide a framework for spatial resource manage- ment. In the Caribbean, populations of Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus have declined due to fishing impacts on spawning aggregations. Despite local and regional efforts by fisheries man- agers to implement regulations protecting spawning aggregations, few Nassau grouper popula- tions appear to be recovering. In order to improve management strategies for this critically endan- gered species, it is necessary to understand the spatial ecology of the species across seasons and years. In the Cayman Islands, we used a multi-year, presence/absence, depth-coded acoustic tag- ging dataset of Nassau grouper to characterize patterns in the species’ behavior and vertical habi- tat use at home reef sites.
[Show full text]
Status of a Yellowfin (Mycteroperca Venenosa) Grouper Spawning
View metadata, citation and similar papers atStatus core.ac.uk of a Yellowfin (Mycteroperca venenosa) Grouper brought to you by CORE Spawning Aggregation in the US Virgin Islands provided by Aquatic Commons with Notes on Other Species RICHARD S. NEMETH, ELIZABETH KADISON, STEVE HERZLIEB, JEREMIAH BLONDEAU, and ELIZABETH A. WHITEMAN Center for Marine and Environmental Studies University of the Virgin Islands 2 John Brewer’s Bay St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands 00802-9990 ABSTRACT Many commercially important groupers (Serranidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae) form large spawning aggregations at specific sites where spawn- ing is concentrated within a few months each year. Although spawning aggregation sites are often considered important aspects of marine protected areas many spawning aggregations are still vulnerable to fishing. The Grammanik Bank, a deep reef (30 - 40 m) located on the shelf edge south of St. Thomas USVI, is a multi-species spawning aggregation site used by several commercially important species of groupers and snappers: yellowfin (Mycteroperca venenosa), tiger (M. tigris), yellowmouth (M. interstitialis) and Nassau (Epinephelus striatus) groupers and cubera snapper (Lutjanus cyanop- terus). This paper reports on the population characteristics of M. venenosa with notes on E. striatus and other commercial species. In 2004, the total spawning population size of yellowfin and Nassau groupers were 900 and 100 fish, respectively. During recent years commercial and recreational fishing have targeted the Grammanik Bank spawning aggregation. Between 2000 and 2004 an estimated 30% to 50% of the yellowfin and Nassau grouper spawning populations were removed by commercial and recreational fishers. These findings support the seasonal closure of the Grammanik Bank to protect a regionally important, multi-species spawning aggregation site.
[Show full text]
Florida Recreational Saltwater Fishing Regulations
Florida Recreational Issued: July 2020 New regulations are highlighted in red Saltwater Fishing Regulations (please visit: MyFWC.com/Fishing/Saltwater/Recreational Regulations apply to state waters of the Gulf and Atlantic for the most current regulations) All art: © Diane Rome Peebles, except snowy grouper (Duane Raver) Reef Fish Snapper General Snapper Regulations: • Snapper Aggregate Bag Limit - Within state waters ul of the Atlantic and Gulf, Snapper, Cubera u l Snapper, Red u l X Snapper, Vermilion X Snapper, Lane u l all species of snapper are Minimum Size Limits: Minimum Size Limits: Minimum Size Limits: Minimum Size Limits: included in a 10 fish per • Atlantic and Gulf - 12" (see below) • Atlantic - 20" • Atlantic - 12" • Atlantic and Gulf - 8" harvester per day aggregate • Gulf - 16" • Gulf - 10" bag limit in any combination Daily Recreational Bag Limit: Daily Recreational Bag Limit: of snapper species, unless • Atlantic and Gulf - 10 per harvester Season: Daily Recreational Bag Limit: • Atlantic - 10 per harvester stated otherwise. under 30", included within snapper • Atlantic - Open year-round • Atlantic - 5 per harvester not included • Gulf - 100 pounds per harvester, not • Seasons – If no seasonal aggregate bag limit • Gulf - Open June 11–July 25 within snapper aggregate bag limit included within snapper aggregate • May additionally harvest up to 2 over • Gulf - 10 per harvester not included bag limit information is provided, the Daily Recreational Bag Limit: species is open year-round. 30" per harvester or vessel-whichever within snapper aggregate bag limit is less-, and these 2 fish over 30" are • Atlantic and Gulf - 2 per harvester not included within snapper aggregate • Gulf - Zero daily bag and possession limit bag limit for captain and crew on for-hire vessels.
[Show full text]
Pisces: Serranidae) on Artificial and Natural Patch Reefs in the Virgin Islands
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE. 55(2-3): 470-483, 1994 DISTRIBUTION, PERSISTENCE, AND GROWTH OF GROUPERS (PISCES: SERRANIDAE) ON ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL PATCH REEFS IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS Jim Beets and Mark A. Hixon ABSTRACT We examined patterns of distribution, persistence, and growth of groupers (especially Nas- sau grouper, Epinephelus striatus), which recruited to or colonized 52 one cubic-meter con- crete-block reefs and 10 natural patch reefs off St. Thomas, USVI. The artificial reefs com- prised five shelter treatments: 24 large holes, 12 large holes, 24 small holes, 12 small holes, and holeless controls. Although small individuals «15 cm TL) of the two most abundant species, E. striatus and E. afer, were distributed evenly among these treatments, larger in- dividuals were usually more abundant on large-hole reefs, E. striatus and E. afer partitioned the artificial reefs by depth, ranging from 6 to 12 m, with E. striatus occurring deeper than E. afer. Tagged individuals demonstrated persistence on and homing to specific reefs. Overall, Nassau grouper was the most abundant of six species of Epinephelus observed on the artificial reefs, However, this was not the case on natural reefs or in commercial catches, which were dominated by E. cruentatus, E. fulvus, and E. guttatus. Growth rates of a distinct recruit cohort of Nassau grouper on the artificial reefs were comparable to those estimated in other recent field studies. Mean monthly growth rates ranged from 0.84 to 1.17 em· month I, and mean growth from the first month of observation (mean size = 8,7 em) through the eleventh month (19.5 cm) was 10.8 cm.
[Show full text]
Cooperative Grouper Aquaculture Workshop
FWG 01/99 – Collaborative APEC Grouper Research and Development Network 1 Report of the APEC/NACA Cooperative Grouper Aquaculture Workshop 7-9 April 1999 Hat Yai, Thailand Organised by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in cooperation with the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) Collaborative APEC Grouper Research and Development Network (FWG 01/99) Report of the APEC/NACA Cooperative Grouper Aquaculture Workshop Hat Yai, Thailand. 7-9 April 1999 yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy Report prepared by: Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) Suraswadi Building Department of Fisheries Kasetsart University Campus Ladyao, Jatujak Bangkok 10900 Thailand Tel: +66 2 561 1728 (to 29) Fax: +66 2 561 1727 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http:///www.enaca.org/ For: Copyright © 2002 APEC Secretariat APEC Secretariat 438 Alexandra Road #14-01/04 Alexandra Point Singapore 119958 Tel: +65 276 1880 Fax: +65 276 1775 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.apecsec.org.sg Reference: APEC/NACA. 2002. Report of the APEC/NACA Cooperative Grouper Aquaculture Workshop, Hat Yai, Thailand, 7-9 April 1999. Collaborative APEC Grouper Research and Development Network (FWG 01/99). Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.
[Show full text]