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Europäischer Verfassungsgerichte Und Des Europäischen Gerichtshofes Für Menschenrechte
Vergleich zwischen den Interpretationsmethoden europäischer Verfassungsgerichte und des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte Constance Grewe* Einleitung Im Bereich der Grund- und Menschenrechte konkurrieren - in jedem Sinne des Wortes - die -Interpretationen der nationalen Verfassungsgerichte mit derjenigen des Europäischen Gerichtshofes für Menschenrechte. Daher drängt sich die Frage der Vergleichbarkeit, der eventuellen Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede und deren Gründe geradezu auf. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wäre es zwar reizvoll, die Rechtsprechung aller europäischen Verfassungsgerichte ins Auge zu fassen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags kann jedoch nur ein kleiner Kreis möglichst repräsentativer Gerichte näher betrachtet werden. Dabei handelt es sich um Gerichte westeuropäischer Länder, in denen die Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit verankert ist, auch wenn sie nicht immer so hochentwickelt ist wie in Deutschland. Konkret bedeutet dies, dass Frankreich, Deutschland, Österreich, die Schweiz, Italien, Spanien, Portugal und Belgien im Vordergrund des Interesses stehen werden, was nicht ausschliesst, je nach Sach- zusammenhang auch noch einige andere Länder einzubeziehen. Zur Fragestellung der Interpretationsmethoden ist zunächst zu bemerken, dass im allgemeinen weder die Verfassungen1 noch die meisten völkerrechtlichen Ver- träge2 etwas über ihre Interpretation oder die Grundsätze, nach denen sie aus- gelegt werden sollen, aussagen. Die betreffenden Gerichte verfügen infolgedessen über relativ grosse Freiheiten. Inwiefern ähneln sich oder unterscheiden sich diese Methoden? Und falls sie sich ähneln, heisst das nicht, dass diese beiden Arten von Gerichtsbarkeiten zwangsläufig spezifische und gemeinsame Methoden ent- wickeln? "-, Die hier angesprochenen Gerichtsbarkeiten verbinden tatsächlich mehrere ' gemeinsame Merkmale. Dies gilt für die Materie, d. h. die Menschenrechte ebenso wie für den Bezugstext, in einem Fall die Verfassung, im anderen die Europäische der der Gerichtshof für Menschen- 11. -
Academy of European Law Twenty-Seventh Session
Academy of European Law Twenty-seventh Session Human Rights Law 20 June – 1 July 2016 Reading Materials The European Court of Human Rights as a Source of Human Rights Law Ineta Ziemele Professor, Riga Graduate School of Law; Judge of the Constitutional Court of Latvia; former judge and Section President at the European Court of Human Rights TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Course Outline 1 2 Reading List 3 3 Harris, O’Boyle & Warbrick, Law of the European Convention on 5 Human Rights, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2014 4 Luzius Wildhaber, Arnaldur Hjartarson, Stephen Donnelly, “No 24 Consensus on Consensus? The Practice of the European Court of Human Rights”, Human Rights Law Journal, Vol. 33, No. 7-12 (2013). 5 Steven Greer, The European Convention on Human Rights. 40 Achievements, Problems and Prospects, Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 316 – 321. 6 Ineta Ziemele, “International Courts and Ultra Vires Acts”, in 46 Caflisch et al (eds.), Liber Amicorum Luzius Wildhaber. Human Rights – Strasbourg Views.Droits de l’Homme – Regards de Strasbourg. N.P.Engel, Publisher, 2007, pp. 537 – 556 7 James Crawford, Chance, Order, Change: The Course of 66 International Law, Hague Academy of International Law, 2016, Chapter IX. The European Court of Human Rights as a Source of Human Rights Law Professor Ineta Ziemele Ph.D. (Cantab.) Judge of the Constitutional Court of Latvia, former judge and Section President at the European Court of Human Rights Outline of the lectures: 1. Introduction – setting the stage - Article 38. 1 (d) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice: “judicial decisions as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law” - Article 32 of the ECHR: “1. -
Max Planck Institute Luxembourg Activity Report 2016-2018
ACTIVITY REPORT 2016-18 MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE LUXEMBOURG There is an old saying that being right and being proven to be 20 right at court are two 12 20 different things 15 16-18 There is an old saying that being right and being proven to be right at court are different things 16-18 02/03 ACTIVITY REPORT 2016-18 MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE LUXEMBOURG 05 I. FOREWORD 07 II. HIGHLIGHTS 21 IV. STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION 07 1. A Max Planck Institute Outside of Germany 21 1. Organisational Chart 08 2. A Multicultural and Multidisciplinary Team 22 2. Directors of Young Researchers 25 3. Scientific Advisory Board Members 08 3. An International Research Institution Anchored 29 4. Senior Research Fellows in the Luxembourg Landscape 35 5. Research Fellows 09 4. A Hub for Researchers Interested in 46 6. External Scientific Members Procedural Issues 47 7. External Scientific Fellows 10 5. A Springboard for Talented Young Researchers 67 8. Former Research Fellows 11 6. A Recent Example of a Successful Collaboration between the Departments 12 7. Combining Research and Expertise with an Influence on Law and Policy-Making 79 V. RESEARCH FOCUS 79 1. Department of European and Comparative Procedural Law 79 1.1. General Research Agenda 13 III. SCIENTIFIC STRATEGY 80 1.1.1. European Procedural Law 13 1. Shaping an Underexplored Field of Research 81 1.1.2. Comparative Procedural Law 81 1.1.3. Dispute Resolution at the Cross-Roads 14 2. Exploring Each and Every Form of of Private and Public International Law Dispute Resolution 82 1.1.4 Interchanges with Legal Practice 15 3. -
Constitutional Review in Consociations
Rectifying and Reinforcing: Constitutional Review in Consociations by András Gál Submitted to The Doctoral School of Political Science, Public Policy, and International Relations Central European University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Professor Matthijs Bogaards February 12, 2021 Word Count: 64,816 i Declaration I, the undersigned András Gál, candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Central European University Doctoral School of Political Science, Public Policy and International Relations, declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of work of others, and no part the thesis infringes on any person’s or institution’s copyright. I also declare that no part the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. February 12, 2021 Signature ii Abstract The role of constitutional review in consociations – a specific form of power-sharing built on elite cooperation – is a controversial phenomenon both for the conceptual difficulties surrounding it and its mixed empirical record. While authors in the relevant literature agree that constitutional courts may contribute to the protection of human rights in such regimes, they also warn of their undermining potential. The latter stems from an inherent tension between the individualistic, universal values promoted by constitutionalism and the group-specific provisions essential in consociations. The empirical record of constitutional review in consociations covers a variety of cases, ranging from judicial deference to cases of confrontational behavior undermining power- sharing settlements. -
The Concept of Democracy As Developed by Constitutional Justice
EDITORS: RAINER ARNOLD INGRIDA DANĖLIENĖ THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY AS DEVELOPED BY CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE XXII International Congress on European and Comparative Constitutional Law Vilnius, 4–5 October 2019 THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY AS DEVELOPED BY CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE XXII International Congress on European and Comparative Constitutional Law Vilnius, 4–5 October 2019 LE CONCEPT DE DÉMOCRATIE DÉVELOPPÉ PAR LA JUSTICE CONSTITUTIONNELLE XXIIe Congrès international de droit constitutionnel européen et comparé Vilnius, les 4–5 octobre 2019 EDITORS: Rainer Arnold, Ingrida Danėlienė Vilnius 2020 The bibliographic information about the publication is available in the National Bibliographic Data Bank (NBDB) of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania All rights reserved. None of the parts of this work nor its entirety may be reproduced, stored in information systems, or transmitted in any form without the prior consent guaranteed by the copyrights owners. The author is accountable for the professional level and language corrections. ISBN 978-9955-688-46-4 (print) ISBN 978-9955-688-47-1 (online) © Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Rainer Arnold Preface 7 Dainius Žalimas Foreword 8 Rainer Arnold The concept of democracy in the jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court 11 Dainius Žalimas The concept of democracy as safeguarded by the Constitution: Regional and national challenges 22 Andrej Abramović The ‘immature’ democracy and its protector 45 Luiz Cláudio Allemand Fundamental economic rights