• I i i i • I I I I • • • i i I I I I i i i i l I l I i i • i i I I I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • I I I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i p2 p3 p4 Two cheers for the News management, police-style: Troubled images of the conflict: government's overdue start to the The PTA gets renewed on the day a novelist, a journalist and a process of gay legal reform a massive bomb haul is revealed film-maker look at the North

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toishMay 1993 • Price 40p OemocPAConnolly Association: campaigning for a united and independenCt Irelan d

Most significantly, By The Editor they ruled out the estab- lishment of a devolved assembly as a viable way forward. "We accept that an internal settlement is EVOLUTION not a solution because it obviously does not deal Dof the ad- with all the relationships ministration at the heart of the prob- of the Six lem," Hume and Adams Counties to a agreed. "We accept that the government at Stormont Irish people as a whole Castle will bring peace havel a right to national with justice no nearer. self-determination. This On that much at least, is the view shared by a Sinn Fein leader Gerry majority of the people on Adams, SDLP leader this island, though not by John Hume and Irish all its people," they un- Taoiseach Albert derlined. Reynolds seem agreed Their explicit rejection before the resumption of of devolved government political talks widely ex- is especially interesting pected after the local in the light of Northern elections in the North Ireland Secretary Patrick later this month. Mayhew's suggestion The common opposi- earlier last month that tion to an internal 1 An internal settlement will settle precious little the British government settlement emerged in a might be tabling devolu- joint statement between tion proposals for the Hume and Adams after next round of talks. the second of their meet- ings last month, and in It doesn't look like Dail exchanges between they would go down Mr Reynolds and Fine very well with Dublin, Gael leader John Bruton, either. Mr Reynolds told Devolved one of the ideological the Dail last month that if leaders of the lobby to the British government dispense with Articles pushed ahead with a Two and Three of the plan for an exclusively Irish constitution. internal settlement, "we "As leaders of our would not be supporting respective parties, we ac- their efforts in that cept that the most regard." assembly pressing issue facing the Mr Reynolds also ap- people of Ireland and peared to signal a Britain today is the ques- stiffening of the partner- tion of lasting peace and ship government's how it can be achieved," backbone on the issue of the Hume-Adams state- the constitutional claim ment said. to an integral national "Everyone has a territory at Fianna Fail's won't bring solemn duty to change annual Easter celebra- the political climate tion. away from conflict and "Articles Two and towards a process of na- Three were not an issue tional reconciliation at Sunningdalc. They which sees the peaceful were not an issue in the accommodation of the Anglo-Irish Agreement peace differences between the and they are not an issue people of Britain and now," he said. Ireland, and the Irish people themselves," they said. HEADLINES HEADLINES

EDITORIAL Island WORLD COMMENT communities BY P O L I T I C U S Definite under threat Mixed welcome for Terror Act renewed on the

CORK The struggle articles Jim Savage gay legal reform day bomb haul is revealed HILE many parts of for Russia West Cork have suffered with legislation which only But she fails to frame the CIVIL LIBERTIES This revealed that of the 160 making much of Labour's Rimmington's daughter, a decline in population made gay sex with minors a issue in terms of achieving the LEGISLATION RISH TAOISEACH Albert Reynolds men- W people arrested in Britain long-standing opposition to Sophie, who often used to visit over the last 25 years, the Martin Moriarty criminal offence. full equality for lesbians and tioned the territorial claim to a united Ireland Conor Foley under the PTA in Britain eight the PTA in an attempt to the flat and this fact had been county's seven offshore is- Whichever alternative the gay men which is promised in when he recently defended Articles Two and were charged with offences recover some of the ground leaked to the "spook-friendly" lands have been worst IVE YEARS after the government chooses, the new the Fianna Fail-Labour HE MAIN DANGER facing Russia now is the Three of the Irish constitution in the Dail — HE Prevention of Ter- under its provisions, eight lost over the law and order Mail and Times. affected. Republic of Ireland was age of consent will be central to Programme for a Partnership same as that which destroyed the Soviet Union the articles Messrs Major and Mayhew have rorism Act was renewed were charged with murder, debate. None of the five were even Most have seen their ruled in breach of the the impact of the overdue Government. — incompetent economic measures by Mos- stigmatized as "unhelpful." F again in the House of conspiracy or posession of ex- I For conspiracy theorist con- questioned during their deten- populations cut by over 50 per European Convention on T cow leading to the different nationalities feel- reform: 17 — the heterosexual Instead, Ms Geoghegan- Commons in March by 329 plosives, three were deported noisseurs, however, these tions and remain mystified "The present Irish constitutional position cent and entire communities Human Rights for its 19th cen- equivalent — 18 — the present Quinn addresses it as a prob- ing that they would be better off on their own votes to 202. or excluded, four were stories were overshadowed by about the cause of their ordeal. means a great deal to the Nationalist community have been wiped out on the tury laws criminalising gay age of majority — or 21 — the lem of playing one lobby off Trather than being economically ruined by the rule of Labour called for all-party charged with theft, two were the news that armed police had The police told them their ad- in Northern Ireland," Reynolds said. "They see it smaller islands. relationships, the first signs age of consent in the UK. against another. the federal authorities. as affirmation that they belong to the Irish nation. talks to consider a replacement charged with defrauding the narrowly missed arresting the dress had been found in But the islands have attrac- emerged that the Dublin Given that the UK is way "On the one side, there will For Russia itself, like the old USSR, is a federation. They also see it as giving the Irish government a to the Act on the proviso that Department of Social Security, eldest daughter of Stella Rim- another flat which had been tive unspoilt environments government was finally taking out on a limb on the issue — be those who are opposed to It has 13 constituent republics, many autonomous status to negotiate with the British government exclusion orders be scrapped four were charged with frauds mington, the head of MI5, raided but they can think of and could develop their own the issue seriousl / when a the age of gay male consent is any change in the law, even regions and numerous different nationalities and lan- on their behalf. It reflects their deeply held con- and seven day detentions be involving car insurance, two during a PTA raid in London. nothing which would connect agriculture and tourism in- draft memorandum on gay 16 in Belgium, the Nether- though some change is re- guages. Russians predominate, but one-third of the victions about partition. In effect, the first three subject to judicial supervision were with other fraud offences She is now on the files of the them to this. Dark stories of dustries of great significance legal reform appeared last lands, Norway, Switzerland quired by our obligations population is of different nationality, covering much Articles are seen as the Irish constitutional rather than the approval of the and eight were charged with organisation which recently rivalry between MI5 and the for the entire area. month. and Portugal, and 15 in under the ECHR," she more than a third of the land area. Several of these guarantee to Northern nationalists." Home Secretary. Kenneth other offences so minor as not took over responsibility for Special Branch continue to cir- Sherkin Island marine sta- Justice Minister Maire Sweden, Denmark, Poland, predicts. nationalities have already launched independence He also recalled the words of the all-party Clarke, the Home Secretary, to be specified. combatting the IRA's bombing culate and this story will cer- tion, theOilean Turbot project Geoghegan-Quinn is consult- Greece, France, Italy and Spain "On the other side, there movements. A break-up could mean ethnic wars in a New Ireland Forum report which stated that "a accused Labour of "giving In what appears to have campaign in Britain. tainly add some grist to the and the Bere Island Abalone ing ministers about whether to — 21 is an unlikely outcome. will be those who will be satis- country littered with nuclear weapons. Western inter- settlement which recognizes the legitimate rights great encouragement to the been a deliberate attempt at The news was broken in the rumour mill. project are just three examples table minimal legislative But Ms Geoghegan-Quinn fied with nothing less than ference in Yugoslavia could of nationalists and unionists must transcend the IRA" but floundered in the news management the police Guardian after one of five D Patrick Mayhew announced of island-based enterprise. change or prepare for full legal still fights shy of a common age change which would, in effect presage far more dangerous context of Northern Ireland." debate and seemed not to fully released news of a bomb haul young people who had been in March that Viscount Col- And with encoutagement, the equality for Ireland's lesbians of consent on the grounds that equate, for the purposes of interference further east. It is pure impudence of Major and Mayhew to understand the powers of the in London on the day of the arrested, beaten up, held for ville of Culross QC is due to 'Western Bere Island people are willing and gay men. it might "cause genuine law, homosexual and Unless Moscow pulls back criticise the Constitution of another country by Act and how it is used. parliamentary debate. They over 17 hours and then report on his annual review of to set up an active tourism Under the first option, the problems for many people heterosexual behaviour." from the ruinous economic calling Articles Two and Three "unhelpful" — In the same week the civil had uncovered the cache released without charge con- the operation of the 1991 intervention group, Whiddy Island is ready government would merely who are concerned about the Too right they won't, com- policies it has adopted at especially when you read Britain's assertion of rights watch-dog Liberty several days previously but tacted them in an effort to spike Northern Ireland (Emergency to host a unique tourism amend the relevant sections of alternative lifestyle [sic] ment many gay rights cam- the behest of its Western sovereignty in Ireland in Section 75 of the released a break-down of the waited until then to publicise it smear stories in the Mail on Provisions) Act before 15 June, could development if they get the the 1861 Offences Against the promoted by the homosexual paigners. "We welcome the paymasters, the Russian Government of Ireland Act 1920. This states: "The numbers of people arrested, knowing that the stories would Sunday and the Sunday Times. when the Act's temporary money from central govern- Person Act and the 1885 community". commitment to introduce gay federation could disin- supreme authority of the Parliament of the charged and excluded under be juxtaposed and aware that One of the five was the Irish provisions are due for renewal presage far ment and a number of new in- Criminal Law Amendment law reform, but we're very dis- tegrate. United Kingdom shall remain unaffected and un- The minister makes it clear the Act in Britain during 1992. the Tories were this year boy friend of Stella in Parliament. itiatives could be launched on Act, in order to decriminalise appointed that the govern- The heart of Russia's diminished over all persons, matters and things that the government has got to more other islands. sexual contact between men in ment should still consider economic problem is a in N -thern Ireland and every part thereof." Such grasp the nettle. "If our con- What is needed now is an private, along the lines of cur- discredited British legislation slump in production com- an arrogant assertion of Britain's right to rule tinued membership of the island committee to work in rently existing UK law. as a possible option," Gay and dangerous bined with rocketing infla- someone else's country, couched in such archaic Council of Europe is not to be conjunction with the county Lesbian Equality Network co- tion. The production slump terms, might well be considered "unhelpful" by Under option two, the exist- put at risk, there is no choice Minister Mates stands by council to tackle the islands' chair Kieran Rose said last interference is due to the abolition of Irish nationalists. ing laws would be repealed in but to legislate in this matter," unique problems. their entirety and replaced she admits. month. Death of TA the planned economy and The Fianna Fail-Labour programme for govern- Widgery whitewash further East' the severing of links be- ment states that: "Our long-term policy is to make tween mutually inde- possible the eventual achievement of a united pendent enterprises all over the country, as well as be- volved in the killings. Ireland by agreement and consent in the spirit of BLOODY SUNDAY Jackson's tween Russia and the other republics of the former the New Ireland Forum report." In the m0antime "The government con- Soviet Union and the East European states. The mas- Fianna Fail and Labour are hoping to get talks Democreat reporter tinues to believe that it would sive unemployment that would normally accompany going on the North, once this month's six-county not be right, after a tribunal of such a slump in output has been avoided so far by the local elections are out of the way. No-one can be High Court rules 500 EC inquiry has reported, to set in ORTHERN Ireland Central Bank's expedient of printing money to enable train a further examination of daughter certain whether talks will get off the ground, or factories pay their workers and cover the bills they whether they will come to anything if they do. N events that occurred 21 years owe one another. Hence Russia's inflation, now at Security Minister Dublin implies that it might consider asking ago," he said. over 500 per cent a year. This has destroyed people's Michael Mates has Stella pioneered teaching the people to amend Articles Two and Three of He claimed everyone in- OBITUARY savings and plunged at least one-third of the popula- refused to re-open the inquiry English as a foreign language the Constitution if Britain's assertion of directives legally void volved in security policy was tion into poverty. into the deaths of 14 unarmed Edmund and Ruth in the Soviet embassy in Lon- sovereignty in Section 75 were also on the fable. determined "that the lessons of civil rights protesters in Derry don and wrote a textbook on And do not think Russia is being ruined by acci- But London has given no indication it will budge that tragic day are not forgot- Frow on 30 January 1972. linguistics to help others work- dent. Despite protestations of concern and sympathy on this. And as long as London is unwilling to ac- ten" but he did not spell out In a letter to HE DEATH in March of ing in the same field. for its people, there is no doubt that leading circles in cept the desirability of a united Ireland as a long- EUROPE has been found to be contrary amending or repealing exist- Treaty of Rome, is contrary to what the lessons might be. Labour MP Bob Parry, Mr Stella Hagan severs a link Both Stella and her sister all the Western powers would like nothing better than term policy goal, Northern Unionists have no to the Irish constitution. It is ing statutes. the constitution. Mr Parry had written to the Mates said last month that "the with Irish history that has Vivien inherited Tommy to see the destruction of the Russian state itself follow- incentive to seek a reconciliation with Irish Dublin correspondent appealing the case to the But the High Court now If the Supreme Court stands Prime Minister after the T government cannot agree to spanned the century. Her Jackson's love of literature, ing the destruction of the USSR, leaving foreign inves- nationalism. Supreme Court, but Dublin states that a minister does not by the judgement, the Irish February Irish Democrat OME 500 EC directives legal opinion says that the have the power to repeal or government will have to try to your request that the findings father, TA Jackson, was the Stella being particularly inter- tors and local political mafias to pick over the If new talks on the North fail to get going, or if demanded legal proceedings implemented since Supreme Court will probably amend existing laws by order, rectify the situation by an om- of the Widgery tribunal be author of Ireland Her Own, ar- ested in the 17th century — her country's fantastic raw material resources — a more they achieve nothing once started, it will be up to be started against everyone in- Ireland joined the EC 20 uphold the High Court judge- because the Irish constitution nibus law retrospectively repudiated". He also refused guably the most readable favourite poet was Andrew lucrative game than the despoliation of the Third the British government to break the log-jam, for S volved in the decision to open years ago are unconstitutional, ment. itself says that only the Irish validating all 500 previous EC to start legal proceedings outline of Irish history yet writ- Marvel!. She was widely read World ever was. only they can do it. Dublin should invite London fire without warning. according to the Dublin High Dail can make laws and the directives, as well as every against any of the soldiers of 1 ten, and it was Stella and her and knew much of Shaw and The policy advice being thrust on the Russians by to join in discussions on how, practically, North- Most EC directives are Court. Court holds that the relevant single action taken under Para or their commanders in- sister Vivien Morton who other Irish writers by heart. the swarms of Western advisers and ideologues is err majority consent to reunification can be ob- made binding in Irish domes- The Irish government is section of the European Com- them. agreed to deposit the sizeable When Vivien lost her hus- directly responsible for Russia's economic slump. taii ?d. For undoubtedly majority consent could tic law by ministerial order or very embarrassed that the munities Act 1972, passed by DIARY DATES collection of materials he had band, the historian Lesley Taking more of that advice can only mak*1 that slump be won if both governments, and especially the statutory instrument. These It will also mean that hence- method it has used for bring- the legislature in order to im- Both meetings in the Sheffield accumulated in its writing in Morton, and Stella lost her worse. Restoring central planning for big industry is British government, worked at it over time. And usually have the effect of forth each separate EC direc- ing EC measures into Irish law plement EC directives and the Co-ordinating Centre Against the Working Class Movement partner, the Irish poet Ewart the one step capable of reversing the catastrophic fall following those discussions, the two govern- tive and Irish implementing Unemployment (SCCAU), Library in Salford 10 years ago. Milne, the two sisters moved of production in Russia, as the Western economies ments should then take the first steps directed at measures will have to be West Street, Sheffield. There it was joined to a bequest together into a home near themselves discovered during World War II, when that aim. That is the only constructive path to the debated in the Irish Dail, in- Safety campaign by Desmond Greaves's literary Haverhill in Suffolk. They planned production of key items was given war-time solution of the problem. National Platform backs Danish No vote stead of being passed into law SATURDAY 22 MAY: 11am by just the order of a Minister. Construction Safety Campaign executor to form a valuable were a great comfort to each priority. That would still leave plenty room for small FEICREANACH This will open up the whole EC annual general meeting. and well-used section of the other, Stella almost blind and capitalism, family and cooperative production in the library. service area, agriculture and consumer goods manufac- DENMARK or tittle. If they did, there referendum on 18 June last legislative process to detailed Lyndhurst Hall, Camden APOLOGY Vivien extremely frail. Unfor- would have to be another year explicitly refers to the scrutiny and possible objection Workers Social Club, During the 1950s, Stella tunately Vivien did not sur- ture — the economic spheres most appropriate to Dublin correspondent referendum in Ireland. Treaty on European Union by Irish parliamentarians op- Lyndhurst Street, London That missing lived in Ireland and wrote a vive long and after her death small business — with the "commanding heights" Irish OemcxM On 18 May, the Danes will "signed at Maastricht on 7 posed to EC measures. NW1. Evening social follows. novel, The Green Cravat, "a Stella became increasingly dis- under public control and the whole economy run by a abled and completely blind. government that puts the interests of Russia's ordi- RELAND'S anti-Maastricht asked to approve the exact February 1992" — not to the The 1987 Ci otty case, which April issue memorable novel of turbulent MONTHLY NfcWSPAPER OF THE She found the restrictions im- nary people first. That is the kind of policy the campaigners will hold a same Maastricht Treaty text Treaty signed then and sup- enabled an Irish citizen to Sheffield series 18th century Ireland." Publish- CONNOLLY ASSOCIATION posed by her incapacity very Chinese seem to be following successfully. Imeeting outside the Danish they rejected last year, al- posedly altered in Edinburgh delay ratification of the Single WEDNESDAY 26 MAY: THE one positive thing about ed by Hodder and Stoughton Founded 1939 Vol 48, no 4 embassy in Dublin on the eve though their government and in December. 7.30pm First showing in Shef- failing to produce the April in 1959, it received a number of frustrating. Her considerable It is probably only a matter of time before the "Red- EDITOR: Martin Moriarty European Act for six months of Denmark's second main political parties are For of course Edinburgh field of Death of a Terrorist, in- issue of the Irish Democrat is favourable reviews. The Times intellect had no outlet in such Brown" forces that want to re-establish planning for EDITORIAL BOARD: Gerard Curran, Conor Foley, pending a popular referen- Maastricht referendum later deceiving them that various did not change the Treaty in troduced by Granville hoi" many people actually Literary Supplement com- conditions. heavy industry, while decentralising the economy and Martin Moriarty, Peter Mulligan dum on the SEA, showed how this month. political declarations agreed the slightest. Denmark will Williams, Campaign for Press noticed the lack of it. Apologies mented that it .kept to the After nearly four years of upholding an independent foreign policy, show the TYPESET AND DESIGNED: Connolly Publications the Irish constitution cannot They will hand in a letter at December's EC "summit" be as much bound by and Broadcasting Freedom. to everyone that the editor was known facts as a political and increasing disability, Steila Russian people a way out of their present tragic situa- PUBLISHED BY: Connolly Publications Ltd, 244-246 lightly be played around with from the Irish National Plat- in Edinburgh have the effect WEDNESDAY 7 JULY: 7.30pm so seriously ill that he was un- social biography of the time. finally faded out of life, break- tion. The questions still to be decided are whether this Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8JR. Tel: 071-833 3022 Maastricht if the majority by people anxious to impose form pointing out that of exempting them from the 'A Question of Sovereignty' able to even contemplate how Rosamund Jacob, writing in ing a link that had lasted for the will happen in time to prevent the break-up of the PRINTED BY: Ripley Printers (TU) Ltd, Nottingham vote Yes this month as they rule from Brussels. obligations of the treaty. Irish Democrat editor Martin the paper might be produced the Irish Democrat, called it "the Russian federation and how much economic and Road, Ripley, Derbyshire. Tel: 0773-731641 Denmark's so-called "opt- would have been if they had It looks as if Ireland's con- best part of a century. Moriarty explains why Section from his sick-bed, and thanks best piece of Irish history in the political subversion the Western powers will try to at- 1939-1980 and 1981-90 now available on microfilm outs" from Maastricht do not The constitutional amend- voted Yes last year. stitution is likely to give the EC change the Treaty by one jot ment adopted in the Irish more trouble. 75 of the 1920 Government of to everyone who helped get guise of a novel that I know • Stella FitzThomas Hagan b 26 tempt along the way? Ireland must be repealed. this one onto the streets. of". lune 1908, d 23 March 1993

IRISH DEMOCRAT May 1993 page 2 IRISH DEMOCRAT May 1993 page 3 BEHIND THE HEADLINES BEHIND THE HEADLINES

JOHN MURPHY'S Examining the Northern conflict's KEYWORDS troubled images Dynamics of class division how the military first applied from paramilitaries, Protestant sharply the huge, deadly to Northern Ireland counter- ones in particular, and more silence left by the media's insurgency techniques derived widely from a distrust of the denial of explanation and ar- word across the North gument about the conflict from military engagements in EMOCRACY (March Irish Democrat) ("whatever you say, say noth- today. countries beyond the gaze of refers to equality of rights between ing"). The job of the writer, for In the ensuing lively discus- british media, including shoot- people. Social class by contrast refers to Patterson, is to find new words to-kill Finding themselves sion, Glenn Patterson, said inequality in rights, income, wealth, in place of slogans; recognising under scrutiny bv the media in "murder often starts down the power, scoail status and economic func- the importance of "myths" the early 70s, the military line, as it were, with the taking Dtion. We live in a class-divided society, a fact that without accepting them per- devised the policy of 'grey' and away of a person's voice". crucially influences all that happens. And the key manently. Author of Burning 'black' propaganda. Bv now Once the voice is denied, it be- to understanding social class lies in production, not Your Own and Fat Lad, Patter- we are familiar with grey comes easier to dehumanise, consumption. propaganda - discrediting son sees himself as one of a even kill a person. Reflecting • They only go as part of a negotiated deal The first of the three great classes involved in those who expose injustice - in number of young writers that argument on the impor- the case of the Gibraltar in- trying to write accurately v. production in modern society are the workers or tance of challenging censor- employees, who must sell their ability to labour — quiry and more recently,in at- about Northern Ireland who ship, the audience discussed tempts to discredit Box feel constrained by publishers' that is, find a boss — in order to make a living. how to widen the debate and Workers are the largest social class in developed in- productions for their film on assumptions that readers are looked at effective ways (in- RUC collusion. Dorrell not interested in the North of dustrial countries. They are increasing both ab- cluding simple phonecalls!) of solutely and as a proportion of the total labour described how investigative Ireland. responding to the media. journalism had declined, espe- force all the time. The working-class has of course A recent opinion poll, con- From one last heave to a many sub-divisions: manual or non-manual, white- cially in newspapers, to the 1 ALTERING THE IMAGES (left to right): Glenn Patterson, Kenneth Griffith, chair Ber- ducted after , collar or blue-collar, skilled, semi-skilled or un- nadette Hyland and Stephen Dorrill point that very few senior jour- Deadly showed that over 50 per cent 1 skilled, and of course high-paid, low-paid or those nalists now cover Ireland and continue to support British i 'investigations' have almost in between. Today the percentage of workers in ser- •HE CONFLICT in the together a film maker, novelist Next, acclaimed actor and withdrawal, and yet, in all the ceased. vices like transport, distribution, administration JONATHAN North of Ireland has led to and investigative journalist film-maker, Kenneth Griffith national newspaper coverage negotiated settlement and entertainment is growing rapidly, while the T the most developed sys- with a lively audience of 140 to introduced an excerpt from his following that awful disaster, a percentage falls in manufacturing industry, where HARDY reports tem of censorship in Europe. discuss censorship and report- 1973 film Hang Out Your journalist calculated that only new technology continually enables fewer workers Through the threats and ing on Ireland at the West Challenging Brightest Colours. Originally two column inches were given to produce more and more. But all workers have in on a lively forum checks of 'self-censorship, the Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds commissioned by ATV and to the case for British dis- representative of the majority In recent years the ching for Northern majority common the fact that they depend for a living on Broadcasting Ban and the dis- last month. The event was or- Glenn Patterson, a born withdrawn, Griffith, until engagement. TOM of Irish people, however some Republican movement has consent to reunification, which their wages, which they get from an employer who on censorship information campaigns of the ganised by the Campaign for novelist spoke about the dif- 1991, was ^iot even allowed a Republicans might wish it evolved a realistic scenario implies that it wishes to obtain hires them so as to have the use of their labour security services, the British Press and Broadcasting ficulties he experienced writ- copy of his own film about the For more details about the MacDONALD otherwise, and with whatever that sets out the steps which that consent. But not the during working hours, with the general aim of get- public are rarely given the op- Freedom with help from Con- ing from and about the life of Michael Collins. Watch- Campaign for Press and adjustments might be agreed really could bring permanent Tories, and they happen to be ting more value out of them than he has to pay portunity to consider nolly Association members Protestant community in the ing a section where Griffith Broadcasting Freedom, call casts his eye over with a departing Britain? And peace — indeed the only prac- the government. On the other them. alternatives to the pious repeti- North. In a thoughtful, chal- describes the Treaty negotia- what of the UDR and its suc- tical steps that can solve the hand, the end of the Cold War Stephen Dorrell, author of 071 923 3671 or write to CPBF, The second great primary class are the tions that pass for explanation. lenging contribution, he said tions, acting each character in cessors? Were these troops, an problem. It entails dropping has removed the main several books on the British In- 96 Dalston Lane, London E8 developments in employers, that is, capitalists, owners and control- the main hostility he faced was turn, only revealed more integral part of the British the idea that Britain has a right strategic reason why Britain 'Troubled Images' brought telligence services, described 1NG. lers of capital. Their power derives from their Army but consisting of people unilaterally to set a date. It has wanted to remain in republican ownership of the tools and instruments of produc- living permanently in the recognises that reunification is Ireland over recent decades — tion — factories, equipment and the money capital North, expected to leave too? a process which will take some as a surrogate for NATO. ideology over enabling them to buy these. These tools and instru- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR time, that Northern majority Britain's key Irish interest now It always sounded strange ments are themselves creations of labour. They are consent, or assent, to reunifica- is to have good relations with recent years and that Republicans should ac- a form of "stored-up" labour that enables workers tion is both desirable and at- Dublin, especially in the EC cept that the British had a right to be more productive and thereby make more tainable, that the heart of the context. outlines the basis unilaterally to decide a date for profit for their owners. Modern society depends problem is inducing the British their departure. After all the A quarter-century ago the crucially upon such plant. In capitalist society it is government to embark on that Soft on the Serbs? for breaking the date as well as all other details Connolly Association and Irish the capitalists who mainly decide how society's in- search for consent or assent, of the reunification process, Democrat launched the idea of vestment surplus is to be used. This ties the welfare and that the Dublin govern- deadlock would in practical terms have a three-pronged attack to high- of society as a whole to the fortunes of the rich, ment has a key role to play. to be agreed by the two sides, light the lack of civil rights in even though they are not essential to society. the side surrendering the Six Counties — in this To quote a recent Sinn Fein Capitalists, like workers, come in many shapes sovereignty and the side country viz-a-vis public IT IS important for Politicus, in his ongoing commentary on its arms, and sent in armed gangs to arm and coerce Bos- on our arguments and discussions to try and get Britain out document on the main ele- and sizes. There are big ones and little ones, nation- receiving it — at least if a opinion in Britain, which alone post-Yugoslavia, to address the "fuzzy fringe" areas nian Serbs into support for Partition (" a Protestant Parlia- of Ireland. Only then will the killings stop and the Irish ECENT years have seen ments needed to bring about al and transnational ones, capitalists in industry, British withdrawal were to be is strong enough, if organised, constructively, avoiding simplistic categorisations, and ment for Protestant people"). people as a whole can live in peace. The IRA would cease significant evolution in conditions for permanent finance, commerce and distribution, those who per- constructive and not leave to change the policy of the above all avoiding the appearance of being "soft on Serbia", They were much more effective and ruthless; the Belfast to exist and their military actions would cease. We must Rthe Northern Ireland peace. These are: sonally run their own firms as well as huge joint- mayhem behind, like the Bel- British government; and then which his policy of "blame it all on the EEC and the pogroms were relatively mild events compared to the Bos- not forget the people in Warrinton, but we also must not policy of the Republican move- fj A British government which stock companies run for profit by paid managers. gians did when they withdrew in the North itself and the Germans" is doing. nian Serb "ethnic cleansing" process. The upshot of this forget the people in the north of Ireland. ment. makes the ending of partition Capitalists can compete with one another, and dif- from the Congo. Perhaps a Republic. That policy worked, To deal with the current post-Yugoslavia situation is a pathology is that a potential multi-cultural democratic Bos- Time was, way back in the its policy; ferent groups of them naturally show differences of Kevin Dunlea British departure within the creating history and shattering subject for a series of articles, or indeed a book. In brief, nian nation on the fringe of Serbia has been strangled at 1970s, when some Republicans fla Dublin government which interest. But they have a common class relation viz- Harlow, Essex lifetime of one Parliament the monolith of Unionism for however, it must be said that Yugoslavia when it existed birth, and we will lack in Europe a home-based cultural spoke of Britain leaving "with has the same policy end; a-vis workers: they all depend for their profits and might not in practice suit the ever. was, in effect, Greater Serbia, with Serbian colonists having window into Islam, the intellectual centre for which was just one more push," and cer- f) co-operation between the dividends on maximizing the share of the workers' Irish side? If it took partition the inside track in the fringe proto-nations. Tito was, per- deliberately destroyed by Serbian shelling of Sarajevo. And tainly inside a few years. But British and Dublin govern- Today a similar three- output that they can take to themselves over and some years to implement, haps analogous to Lloyd George or Stalin, a leader from an the Muslim fundamentalist threat has become real, as, in- such optimism has long since ments to bring about their pronged approach is needed to above whatever workers are paid. Hence the class Partition might it conceivably not take emergent fringe nation who made it to the top in the core- deed, the Rome Rule threat did in Ireland as a consequence faded. joint purpose in the shortest solve the partition problem it- struggle over the division between wages and THE Government of Ireland Act by which Ireland was some years to undo, even if State. of Partition. Then for years the main time consistent with obtaining self: in Britain to make profits that is the basis of trade unionism. The partitioned was passed by Westminster in November 1920. there existed a British govern- Croatia when declaring independence, managed to Roy Johnston There are some people who believe that the Act was passed Republican demand was that maximum consent to the Labour's policy of working for more wages the less profits, and vice versa. ment anxious to undo it and an process and minimising costs disengagement from Ireland alienate its Serbian coloniial population by failing, in its Dublin for Ireland's own good. Perhaps they have studied the the British should declare their It is wrong to think that workers and capitalists Irish government anxious that of every kind; by means of positively seeking nation building process, to define itself inclusively, and actions of Westminster's servants that same month and go intention of leaving "within may not have some interests in common as well as it be undone? Northern majority assent into making Croatian Serbs explicitly welcome in an inclusive to prove their conclusion. On Monday, November 1, the lifetime of one Parliament" fl democracy and practicality those causing them to conflict. For example both a mass popular demand that democratic process. This gave the core-Serbs the pretext After Warrington Westminster's hangman killed Kevin Barry in Dublin. On and should set a date for doing demand that this be done in have an interest in the drains about the place work- forces the government to for arming the colonists, and resurrecting the Ustashi IT'S THROUGH our paper that I'd like to express my feelings Sunday, November 21, security forces surrounded and so. After that date the British consultation and cooperation ing, or in controlling infectious diseases. They both change track. In the Republic bogey, which then assumed reality as Croat politics moved about the Warrington bombings. I feel, like so many Irish shot-up a football crowd in Croke Park, killing fourteen. In troops were to be gone for ever with the representatives of the depend on industry, which they therefore have a to urge support for Dublin in consequentially to the right. people, complete and total revulsion at such an act of County Galway the security forces shot Father Griffin and across the Irish Sea. Irish minority, the Northern general interest in maintaining. unionists, as well as with the making the same demand. The inclusive multi-cultural nation is, after all, a long term destruction. It brings to question how on earth do I discuss dumped him in a bog. In Dunmanway, Co. Cork, the security This left out of account that Unilateral The third modern social class is the self- representatives of Northern And in the North to ensure that Irish aspiration, if Wolfe Tone's words have any meaning. any Irish political situation with my fellow workers when forces demanded that Canon Magnertoll his church bell for ending partition was not just a employed or small bourgeoisie. These own some nationalists. This would in ef- the SDLP and all strands of Politicus hints that this aspiration should hold for Yugos- they would always point out this and other such terrible Armistice Day. He didn't and was shot by them in question of Britain withdraw- The last time the British capital, but they do not employ others to work for lavia as a whole, and is dismissive of Bosnia's claim to incidents. December. ing its sovereignty over the Six government unilaterally set a fect be a process of national nationalist opinion do likewise. There could even be a them. Typically they work for themselves, as small emergent multi-cultural nationhood. The analogue of this The cause of Ireland has yet again taken a step backwards Counties and disappearing date for their departure from a reconciliation. When I was about ten I was at a match in Croke Park, sitting fourth prong — seeking farmers, small-shopkeepers or self-employed ar- position is support for the United Kingdom of "these is- and she will never be free if such violence continues. I felt into thin air, but of handing major colony — in 1947 at the That is surely a realistic set- on the sideline seats (since removed). A couple of "old" solidarity from America and tisans. They are the in-between class, for capitalist lands". The scale on which multi-cultural unity is feasible like giving up my involvement in Irish — and British — over that sovereignty to some- partition of India — some ting out of the key issues and men who must have been ten years younger than I am now, all progressive international competition continually puts the self-employed out is determined by many complex factors, economics being politics. Was it all worth it? one else. Was this recipient of 500,000 people were killed and realism is the basis of all suc- told me and my brother about the events of 30 years back - opinion in support of a policy of business and reduces their number. The small only one: being an island certainly helps in the Irish case. Then I began to think: I must continu*) to participate in the sovereignty to be an Orange 50 million had to flee their cessful politics. The main for us ancient history. I Was sure then that such scenes of urging Britain to work farm gives way before industrial farming, the small Bosnia, when it declared independence, had mass struggle for Irish freedom. I should not let these latest junta in Belfast, as it could be in homes. This was largely the obstacle of course is Point One. could never be repeated in Ireland. Now I know better. And towards disengagement from shopkeeper is squeezed out by competition from democratic demonstrations saying "we want to avoid the killings get to me, although I will always feel the sadness at certain circumstances? Or an result of Whitehall permitting The British government does I'm convinced thar until the Govt, of Ireland Act of November Ireland, with majority consent the supermarket. With industrial development the Croatian road, we are a multi-cultural democratic state". the loss of innocent life. The IRA are only in existence All-Ireland Parliament elected Viceroy Mountbatten to pluck not yet have the ending of par- 1920 is repealed by Westminster, the horrors of that month to the details of the final finan- self-employed, or their sons and daughters, mostly The Serb response was the classic "Rome rule/Arm the because of British mis-rule and occupation of the Six Coun- like that of 1918 for the whole a date from his own head tition as its policy. British will continue to be re-enacted. cial, constitutional and politi- join the ranks of wage-earners, though a minority Orangemen" strategy: they invented a "Muslim fundamen- ties. country? Or the Irish govern- without any consultation with Labour does have. Labour may succeed in becoming small employers. Donal Kennedy cal settlement. talist" threat, got the Yugoslav army to withdraw and leave To stop further deaths in both these islands we must carry ment in Dublin, the actual real India's new rulers. speaks about positively sear- LondonN13

IRISH DEMOCRAT May 1993 page 4 IRISH DEMOCRAT May 1993 page 5 >

IRISH BOOKS IRISH SONGS

IN BRIEF PETER MULLIGAN'S Aye, very like a whale: Mrs McGrath Arthur MacBride PEEPSHOW

Connolly vs Walker a bizarre journey OH MRS McGRATH, the Sergeant said, 1 HAD a first cousin called Arthur MacBride, Incomplete Would you like to make a soldier out of your son Ted, He and I took a stroll down by the seaside Defending the times a day. Yes, indeed, there With a scarlet coat and a big cocked hat, A seekin' good fortune and what might betide compilation SEAN McGARRY are Irish secrets like how to Now Mrs McGrath wouldn't you like that? Twas just as the day was a-dawning. Green Shadows, White survive the misery of under- GerraldCurran the second time Whale, Ray Bradbury, employment, and how to constitution CHORUS: With your too-ri-aa, fol-the-diddle-da, Then after resting we both took a tramp The Oxford History Ot Ireland, Harper Collins, £14.99 hbk stretch a glass of Guinness and Edited by RF Foster, £9.99 Toor-ri oo-ri oo-ri aa, With your too-ri-aa, We met sergeant Harper and Corporal Cramp bag of crisps over a whole eve- fol-the-diddle-da, Too-ri oo-ri oo-ri aa. Beside the wee drummer who beat up for camp "He [Albert Reynolds] said the [constitutional] claim THIS is <1 good general his ning. And the great Irish tory of Ireland. Reading il With his row de dow dow in the morning. was seen by nationalists in Northern Ireland as an APPROACHED this novel secret is that Irish parents like can he enjoyable, informa- affirmation that they belonged to the Irish nation and to put decent clothes on their Now Mrs McGrath lived on the seashore as farce with great anticipation. Ray gave the Irish government the status to negotiate with tive and challenging. Most children's backs and to fill For the space of seven long years or more, He says me young fellows if you will enlist of the essays need, how- IBradbury is an enormously the British Government on their behalf. Any attempt in their stomachs with decent Till she saw a big ship sailing into the bay, A guinea you quickly will get in your fist ever, to be balanced bv accomplished writer who has a political vacuum to walk away from constitutional written on every thing you can food, and send them to decent Here's my son Ted, wisha clear the way. Besides a crown for to kick up the dust further reading The and Sinn Fein. Walker knew republicanism would be a very dangerous exercise and schools. Some magic stuff And Drink the King's health in the morning. 'further' reading list here, his power base was the Protes- imagine, and quite a few would most certainly provide a new recruiting platform called 'money' is required for is incomplete. For the tant Belfast working class with things you have not, and will Oh captain dear, where have you been, for terrorism." The Daily Telegraph. NB. The Irish these very basic human desires general reader, I would their attachment to Orangeism get nightmares about if you do. Have you been sailing on the medditerreen? For a soldier he leads a very fine life Government spend over 200m a year as a result of the and the Irish are, of course, have included the Con- and Unionism. In 1953 Bradbury arrived in Or have you tidings of my son Ted? And he always is blessed with a charming young wife conflict, three times per head the level of expenditure quite unique because they like nolly Works, Desmond The second point to remem- Ireland to write the screenplay Is the poor boy living or is he dead? And he pays all his debts without sorrow or strife in the UK. In the last 20 years 1,500 people have been the bloody stuff and cannot get (Ireaves on Connolly, ber is its historical specificity. of Moby Dick for John Huston. And always lives happy and charming. convicted of terrorist type activities in the Republic. What ingredients for one hell enough of it. VVolte Tone, l.iam Mel- Partition was on no one's agen- Then up come Ted without any legs lows and his important of a story. 'The narrator is guided in da. The Unionists wanted the And in their place he has two wooden pegs. And a soldier he always is decent and clean SOLUTION! 'The bomb attack in Warrington has study of Sean O'Casey's This book should be good. his jaunt by the boys at Finn's shocked people here in Ireland and everybody deeply whole of Ireland to stay in the She kissed him a dozen times or so, In the finest of clothing he's constantly seen art and politics. Empire and Walker agreed Bradbury has been writing it pub who inculcate him into the regrets the death of one child and the injuries to others. quaint ways of the country.' Saying surely to Jesus it can't be you? While other poor fellows go dirty and mean Foster's contribution is with them. for forty years. It is not strictly That attack and the consequences of it - and two and Now stop laughing. This is And sup on thin gruel in the morning. very readable. I le is hap- With these points in mind a novel nor is it a documentary. a half decades of conflict nust surely bring home to serious literature. It is mythi- piest writing about the ar the attempts to elevate Walker This is a useful device for Oh then were you drunk or where you blind the people that a serious effort must be made to find a titectural, town planning to the hall of revisionist heroes deflecting criticism. If it is cal. It was probably a great That you left your two fine legs behind? Says Arthur I wouldn't be proud of your clothes solution. Sinn Fein believes that a demilitarisation of and social aspects of his- becomes absurd. Selective peopled with stage Irish, it is ruse for making a few bob, so Or was it walking upon the sea For you've only the lend of them as I suppose this situation is only possible with a political solution." tory. I lere he is at his best: quotes have been used to dis- only a novel, and if you do not we might think that Huston Wore your two fine legs from the knees away? And you dare not change them one night for you know . The Times "The dislocations ol the credit Connolly, particularly like the way the characters are and Bradbury are not as un- If you do you'll be flogged in the morning. drawn, he can say they were worldly as you thought, drag- I74()'s, however, followed his underestimation of No I wasn't drunk and I wasn't blind, 'It was fair to say that the IRA or- an era whose prosperity Unionism amongst the Protes- drawn from life. Young Brad- ging this great whale to ganisation in this country has been almost entirely For a cannon ball on the fifth of May And although that we are single and free and apparent and tant working class, but when bury is confronting the great Ireland. suppressed [We] would like to see all aliens and Took my two fine legs from the knees away. We take great delight in our own company stability have not always read against Walker's respon- director, Huston and in the And guided, too, by the Irish cleared out of the eastern part of the country in And we have no desire strange countries to see been recognised. The ses it is clear which thinker was process, he is to discover "the power of his own imagination which fighter aerodrome were located." May 1940 Joint physical evidence of this He said nationalism and internationalism were compatible more realistic. innate oddity and humour of as he wanders the streets of Oh then Ted my boy, the widow cried, Although that your offer is charming. Intelligence Committee which still runs the activities of remains in the sophisti- Connolly's starting point the Irish, and their secrets." Oh Dublin and wrestles with the Your two fine legs were your mammy's pride. MI5, MI6 and the armed forces. From a record just cated standard of lrish- was than Ireland was on the Dear! a great chill has descend- great whale. Can you believe Them stumps of a tree wouldn't do at all. And we have no desire to take your advance released by the Public Records Office. NB The Govern- manulactured artelacts - munity in Britain, whose votes verge of momentous constitu- ed on us and we have not this? In the pond in the 73 Why didn't you run from the big cannon ball? All hazards and dangers we barter on chance ment have yet to release papers on the Black and Tans Conor Foley silver, glass, jewellery, are so vital if Labour is ever to tional change and a Labour turned a page. What 'innate park. Surely it would be And you'd have no scruple but to send us to France in Ireland. The Guardian The Connolly Walker and turniture; the innova form a Westminster govern- Party was necessary to steer it oddity' might I ask? against Park regulations. Controversy: On Socialist All foreign wars I do proclaim Where we would be shot without warning. live and accomplished ment; it would undermine in a socialist direction. He I Iere is a bloke bringing a This a great book. DIVIDE AND RULE 'There are separate YTPs (Youth Unity in Ireland Cork Workers Between Don John and the King of Spain, achievements in (he Labour's sister, the Social predicted Orange mobilisa- cardboard or plywood whale Bradbury's comic style is very Training Programmes) for Catholics and Protes- Club. £1.50 And begob I'll make them rue the time Ah now says the sergeant if I hear but one word decorative arts, notably Democratic and Labour Party, tions but was confident th(\t to Ireland to make a film about reminiscent of Flann O'Brien, a tants...j»ecause they don't haveany money the are Hnstantly now will out with my sword plasterwork; and most of and further split the anti- they could beovercome. Walker it, and he calls us odd! And we a mixture of slapstick and That they took the legs from a child of mine. stuck in their own areas, so they don't get to see other And into your bodies as strenth will afford all in the uniquely satisfy- unionist electorate; and ignored the possibilities of know what humour means in suspense because its so unpre- people with other religions or other cultures." Jackie ing traditions ot Irish T AN academic seminar I anyway there is little support both, insisting "It has become this context. It is the humour of dictible. But I cannot remem- Oh then, if I had you back again, So now my gay devils take warning. Hutchinson, a community worker in the Shankill dis- Cleorgian achitecture, attended in April 1991 a for it within the north of impossible in Belfast to have a the travel book written on the ber him revealing the name of I'd never let you go to fight the King of Spain, trict of Befast. The Independent preserved all over the Ireland as evidenced by the Arevisionist biographer of religious riot" (emphasis in second day in Dublin when the whale's chief antagonist. If you For I'd rather my Ted as he used to be But Arthur and I we both took the odds country in houses which derisory votes 'Labour' can- know the name, do not tell James Connolly claimed that the original). Belfast was a author remembers that he has Than the King of France and his whole Navee. We gave them no chance for to launch out their COLONIALISM "The history of the British Irish represent different levels didates receive in elections. the Belfast trade unionist Wil- paradise of "municipal left the central heating on in his anyone. Do not spoil a great swords Our whackin' sillelaghs came over their heads relationship is one of colonial domination, violence, of social standing and liam Walker had shown All these arguments are socialism""leaving...the other Hamstead pad. voyage through the seas of And paid them right smart in the morning. racialism and repression, which in turn has nurtured aspiration, but which all greater courage by accepting a valid and their weight is over- cities of Ireland far behind." Ah, 'Irish secrets'! The literature for the up and com- Irish nationalist resistance. There are no longer any adhere to convention of government appointment to whelming. Labour's Northern Shamelessly claiming the funny ball games and strange ing generation of young readers. viable strategic or economic reasons for Britain to As for the wee drummer we rifled his pow elegant simpicity and and the National Insurance Com- Ireland spokesperson, Kevin United Irishmen and the customs. The Irish eat three Shule Agra retain a territorial claim on a part of a neighbouring assured style..." mission than Connolly's when McNamara MP, is publishing a Young Irelanders for Protes- And we made a football of his row de dow dow country. The Unionist veto must be challenged and tant Ulster, he used the ultra- And into the ocean to rock and to roll I le is distinctly uneasy he took part in the 191f> Faster pamphlet spelling them out in WITH FIFE AND DRUM he marched away, their threats of bloody reaction seen in a proper con- left argument that "it does And bit it a tedious returning when he has to deal ques- rising. more detail But the debate He would not heed what I did say, text". Mitchel McLoughlin, northern chairperson of really goes much deeper and seem a peculiar kind of Sinn Fein, writing in The Guardian tions like struggle for It is a measure of how far He'll not come back for many a day, socialism that aims at legisla- reform, democracy, class "left revisionist" has detached centres around contrasting Suspicions concerning As for the old rapier that hung by his side tive independence before My Johnny has gone for a soldier. conflict, agitators, or from reality that I was the only visions of socialism in Ireland. We flung it as far as we could in the tide ANOTHER INNOCENT VICTIM Patrick Murphy was ar- socialism" and proclaimed his nationalists whom he person in the room to laugh, Labour Unionism has a the elusive Tom Magee "To the Devil I pitch you" says Arthus MacBride, rested for last October's bombing in Whitehall and loyalty to the British State as an CHORUS: Shule, shule, shule agra, would reard as too but such nonsense is taken long history, as has its British held for 45 days. He was then released as the Crown act of "INTERNATIONALISM". "To temper your steel in the morning". "fund mentalist". seriously in some quarters. The counterpart socialist imperial- His pick and shovel's laid awa' Prosecution 'discovered' that 11 people were willing to anti-nationalist offensive of lism. It can take an ultra-left of his wife, the beginning of his He's gone away to fight the war, testify he was at a meeting. Like all the other innocent By far the best part of Connolly rejoined by quot- V Norris recent years has allowed form in considering nationalism problems "the wind is rising" My Johnny has gone for soldier. victims before him, he announced on being released the book is the section on ing Marx and history. Walker The Choice, Michael Labour Unionists back out of a diversion from the "real strug- and "flaky ashes, thin as a that "he had never been involved in republican politics Irish I iterature and I lis- responded with personal McLavery, Poolbeg, E5.99 torv by Declan Kiberd the wcxKlwork. Alongside at- gle" against capitalism. But its abuse. Connolly again argued moth's wing, sifted from it But now my love has gone to France Neuve Chappell and was opposed to violence of any kind...he was not tacks on Articles two and three more influential variant is a onto the grate". As Tom interested in politics." [That is exactly what the trawl- This contains brilliant in- that nationalism and inter To try his fortune in advance, reformism which borrows selec- sights into the works of of the Irish Constitution have nationalism were compatible begins to make his choice "The FOR WHEN we landed in Belgium the girls all danced with joy, ing of the Irish community is intended to do - frighten come increasing calls on tively from socialism phraseol- wind tore at the trees". Nature If he comes back 'tis but a chance, the Irish community from speaking up.] The victim's Carleton, Merriman, and Walker wrote a final tract OM MAGEE leaves his Says one unto the other, here comes an Irish boy. labour to organise in the six home after the death of his is always there making its My Johnny has gone for a soldier. release was arranged suddenly and secretly. Gareth Gaelic writers, O'Casey, of such gibberish that the editor Then it's fare thee well, dear mother, we'll do the best we can, Yeats, Shaw, Oscar Wilde, counties William Walker was a full- closed the correspondence. wife to return to his own comment on his position - a Pierce, Mr. Murphy's solicitor said "There was a great T For you know that Neuve Chappelle was won by an Irishman. His hair was black, his eye was blue, Sea mils 1 leaney, Brendan The agenda is scarcely hid- time trade union official who The key point of the discus- village. From that time on his kind of omen. Tom's worries hullabaloo when he was arrested but when he is freed Behan These 52 pages den. Such an integrationist had stood, unsuccessfully, for sion was Walker's insistence world begins to fall apart. Can about the future of his His arm was stout, his word was true, they behave like thieves in the night." The Guardian alone, would make it gesture would show Labour parliament in 1905 on an ex- that socialists should pander to one really take Tom seriously? daughter are described with I wish in my heart I was with you, CHORUS: Then here's good luck to the Rifles, the Inniskillings too, plicitly sectarian pro-monar- He appears not to have been a reference to his untidy garden. The Royal Irish Fusiliers and the Royal Artillery, too. Three |RA feasible to recommend was not seriousabout its policy the prejudices of a small part of My Johnny has gone for a soldier. ggggQiQiSi^EBBISBBil suspects, the book to general chist platform. One time real 'character' but rather an A parallel, no doubt, to Tom For side by side they fought and died as noble heroes can, of Irish unity. Sewn East Bel- the Irish population even if PauRneDrumm726rPatn« 49, and Donagh President of the Irish Trades innocent fool. But was he? himself. Life has become un- readers and students. fast and Ballymena constituen- that meant abandoning the I'll sell my rock, I'll sell my reel, And you all know well that Neuve Chappelle was won by an Irishman Who did betray his friend? We tidy and without direction. O'Kane, 32, have now appeared in a Hanover Court Further essays in the cy Parties would be sending Union Congress, in 1911 he leadership of the vast majority may well ask ourselves what Likewise I'll sell my spinning wheel, charged with making attacks on the British army book deal with prehistory, delegates to conferences to ad- succeeded in defeating a "Why sacrifice all Ireland for a How Tom pays for the out- was Tom Magee's choice, for To buy my love a coat of steel, Said Von Kluck unto the Kaiser, what are we going to do? base at Osnabruck. Separately , 26, is the Norman period, early vise their British counterparts. proposal to establish an Irish part of Belfast?" Connolly im- come of his choices we leave to there was more than one. The My Johnny has gone for a soldier. We're going to meet those Irishmen, those men we never on trial in Dusseldorf accused of killing a British army Modern Ireland, 1870 to Nationalists would not join a Labour Party. Connolly, who plored to noavail,and we have the reader to find out. story is a mystery woven knew. Says the Kaiser unto old Von Kluck, we'll do the best major. The Daily Telegraph the breakdown of Parti- Unionist labour Party so the had supported the proposal, been living with the conse- round the suspicion, evil and we can. but I'm telling you true that Waterloo was won by an tion in the late sixties. debate would be overwhelm- initiated a debate in the British quences of the tragedy ever I'll dye my petticoat, dye it red, Foruwrd. loyalty of a small Irish village. These subjects are dealt ingly one-sided. socialist paper since. And through the world I'll beg my bread, Irishman. The upright Tom is con- with in a competent and Much of the arguments The first point to make Although it occurred more He'll not come back alive or dead, This selection of songs owes much to Karl Dalllas,singer and founded by one problem after readable manner, hut against th proposal have been about the debate was its im- than 80 years ago the debate My Johnny has gone for a soldier. compiler of The Cruel Wars, 100 Soldiers' Songs from Agin- another, through no fault of his keep an eye out for all that pragmatic, it would split the portance: this was a main- has a strong contemporary court to Ulster (Wolfe Publishing). Dallas relates how LAST WORD stream discussion with the own. has been played down or trade union movement in ring. And re-reading Walker's '11 go and sit on yonders hill, politicians, seeking an excuse for the failure of Neuve Chappelle omitted. Ireland by forcing them to take futureof socialism in Ireland at McLaverty is skilled at "Despite the many attributes ot the English, a peculiar polemics I suddenly realised /ho can blame me cry my fill, to achieve anything except huge casualties, blamed drunken a stand on the constitutional stake. Connolly realised that where Kate Hoey's followers using nature as a chorus. The talent for solving the problems of Ireland is not among nd every tear would turn a mill, municians workers and ruled that pubs must close in the after- question and opening the Labour had to give a lead on got their debating style. elements are never far away - them. " noon. Until recently, people in England were "still paying the divisions within their ranks; it the national question to detach always making comments on "y Johnny has gone for a soldier. n ROY JENKINS, HOME SECRETARY 1967 would alienate the Irish com- support from the Redmondites the situation. After the death price for the battle of Neuve Chappelle" (AJP Taylor).

IRISH DEMOCRAT May 1993 page 6 IRISH DEMOCRAT May 1993 page 7

) ANONN IS ANALL: THE PETER BERRESFORD ELLIS COLUMN

Here is the tragic path of destruction of a once glorious world of Gaelic learning Learned sons of Bangor

814) institigated the c.640). Gall had been one of forced himself into the position the notorious Bull Laudibilter Caroliginian Renaissance, he twelve Irish monks from Ban- but eventually had to resign in 1154-55 giving his blessing peopled his court and great gor to follow Columban until the office to the abbot of Derry. to Henry II of the Angevin Em- centres of learning with large they reached Bregenz, near He departed for Rome to pire to invade Ireland and 'en- numbers of prominent Irish Lake Constance. Gall left his reclaim the title of Archbishop large the bounds of the scholars. It is not surprising patron and established his of Armagh and also the Church, to teach the truth of that he turned to Bangor to own community which has be- bishopric of Cashel, for good the Christian faith to the ig- recruit some of them. come known as St Gallen, measure, but the claim was norant and the rude, and to Among them was Dungal; which is still famous for its rejected by the Pope. extirpate the roots of vice from Dungal was a poet and monastery library. Malachy stayed with Ber- the field of the Lord'. theologian but also an nard of Clairveaux enroute astronomer and astrologer, and had a moan about the who went to Charlemagne's Lively Irish. 'It was not to men but to court. The emperor gave per- beasts that he had been sent; in Spiritual mission for Dungal toestablish Columban, on the other hand, all the barbarism which he had a school at Pavia to teach the now seventy years old, was yet encountered, he had never True, as frequently pointed Lombards, which then became given land between Genoa and met such a people so profligate out, Adrian IV was an English- the University of Pavia. Pacenza and began the foun- in their morals, so uncouth in man (or rather a Norman) but In was in AD 811 that Dun- dation of the great abbey of their ceremonies, so impious in Pope Alexander III also con- gal wrote his celebrated ex- Bobbio. His rule was that of faith, so barbarous in law, so firmed the Bull on behalf of the planation of the two solar Bangor, austere and scholarly. rebellious to discipline, so fil- Church. The Irish Hierarchy eclipses which had taken place From hereColumban wassoon thy in life, Christian in name accepted the Papal Bull at this m AD 810. No other in lively debate with Pope but Pagans in reality.' Bernard time and by doing so also ac- astronomer had been able to Boniface IV. Bobbio eventually was so bemused at Malachy's cepted the Pope's right to dis- A\C,OK, in t o Down, lit Irish events into the explain the phenomenon at the became a Benedictine house tirade against his own people pose of Ireland and its people used to he one of the framework of a universal time. and remained in existence and wondered (perhaps with as he wished by the belief that Blargest and best chronology. Dungal was widely known until the 19thCentury when its irony) how such a 'saintly and the Pope had feudal lordship equipped seaside resorts m Sinlan was not the only for his work against the great library was divided lovable man' as Malachy over the earth for this was a Ireland, built around saiulv great scholar from Bangor. Iconoclasts, whose arguments among the Vatican Archives 'could come out of such a race'. temporal measure not a bavs near the entrance to Bel- I he man who originally had been rejected at the Second and the libraries of Turin and The Church in Ireland was, spiritual one. The Irish Hierar- last I ough. The modern town fou n d ed t h e m o n a s t i c cen t re a tCounci l of Nicaea in AD 787. Milan. in general, dismayed at the chy therefore embraced is ot recent growth with the Bangor was Comgall, a former This was a movement opposed Joceline of Furness Abbey, lack of a centralised political feudalism, a system repugnant dour seat ot former l ords warrior of Ulaidh and a friend to the religious use of images, in the 12th Century, wrote that state ruled by a strong to the ordinary Irish people C Liiimorris Rancor Castle, ofColmcille R\ Ti.'_-eof forty which were an earlv feat UP of Bangor, Co Down, was 'a fruit- autocrat. The native Irish and their native law system.- , keeping a stern eve on the Comgall had become a priest Christian worship. His an- ful vine breathing the odour ot Brehon law system did not Malachy died on one of his grow th ol the town. and settled at a place called tagonist in this matter was salvation, whose offshoots ex- recognise the bishops as tem- journeys and was buried in When I lirst went to Bangor Beannchor, the name seems to Claudius, the bishop of Turin,- pend not only over all Ireland, poral feudal princes, as else- Clairveaux. in the earlv Infills, I was in indicated pointed hills or who was the leader of the put far beyond the sea into where in Europe, nor held Wandering round the seaieh ol the romantic Bangor, rocks Beannchor, or Bangor, movement. It is accepted that foreign countries, and filled church land inviolable and the streets of Bangor, one wonders the Bangor ol ancient history. became one of the principal Dungal's arguments gave the many lands with its abound- clergy above civil law or taxa- what the 'saintly man' would Well, it nearly survives for if religious centres of learning in mortal blow to western ing fruitfulness'. tion. The clan assemblies al- now say by the modern day \ on examine the Protestant Ireland and even rivalled Ar- iconoclasm at this time. But because of its lotted land and absolute results of that invasion of the Ablw ( hurt. h you can see that magh. Comgall also led mis- Dungal moved on to Bob- geographical position, Bangor private property was un- Anglo-Normans; an invasion it was raised from the stones of sionary expeditions into bio, founded by another Ban- was an immediate target for known. The Church were which was the inevitable con- the old inonaslerv in 1617 b\ northern Britain and is said to gor 'grad uate',Columban,and the raids of the Vikings. Final- anxious to own land and ar- sequence of Malachy's ambi- I bom.is 1 lainilion who be- have accompanied Colmcille died there, lie left the ly. in AD 823, in a terrible at- gued that they should be above tion and zealous policies for came \ iscount ( landeboye. to convert the Cruthin or Picts monastery his library which tack, some 3,000 monks were civil law and bot pay taxes or reforming the Church in of Inverness. Two of his contribute to the community. Yet I was seeking an even included the 'Antiphony of said to have been slaughtered Ireland at no matter what cost monks, Moluag and Maelrub- older Bangor, for it is a place Bangor'. and the monastery fell into dis- Malachy was in favour of to his people. ha, were prominent mis- that historians should Columban(c. 540d. 615) al- use. Eventually it rose again. establishing a feudal episcopal The monastery survived sionaries in Argyll and Ross. genullect to. 1 lere it was that though a Leinster man, went to And now there appeared state such as those he had ob- the Anglo-Norman invasion the tirst known Irish historian Bangor for his education. I le on the historical canvas one of served growing in Italy, France moving first to the rule of St worked and wrote. Sinlan was forty- five years old when Bangor's most famous and in- and elsewhere in Europe. And Benedict and then, in 1469, be- Moicu Mm, .in Abbot of Ban- Famous Comgall gave him permission fluential sons: MaelmaedocO herein lies one of the principal coming a Fanciscan centre gor, who died m the year AD to set out for Kurope where he Morgair, (b.c. 1095 - d. 1148), causes for the Anglo-Norman under the patronage of the b07, is the first Irish historian Within a few years ot Ins death proved himself to be one of the otherwise known as St invasion. junior branch of the Ui Neill we know by name. Sinlan, it the famous 'Antiphonary of greatest and most influential Malachy. Not only was As Professor Edmund Cur- family, the Clanaboys of seemed, had a copy of the Bangor' was compiled. This is Irish missionary monks. Malachy one of the most tis wrote, the Irish Hierarchy: Antrim and Down. Disaster hit Cliromkoii (C hronicle) ot a collection of hymns in Latin Columban's problem was zealous reformers of the Irish 'concluded that the defects and with the 'Flight of the Earls' l usebins (c AD 260-c. 340), a and liturgical matter which is that he was vehemently sup- Church, trying to get lid of the backward' state of their and thesubsequent 'plantation bishop ot t aesrea m Palestine, thought to be one of the most portive of the Celtic Church last vestigesof thenativeCeltic Church and nation were jus- of Ulster' when these lands l usebius' / c(ii'siii-./niil History ancient surviving Irish and its rulings on the date of traditions, but in his mis- tification for subjecting their were given by James I to had .lliMsulv earned him the manuscript books. It survived Faster and its traditional Celtic guided enthusiasm he native land to a foreign king as Thomas Hamilton to install his title ol la I her ot Church history m the Irish foundation ot Bob- concepts of worship. He even prepared the way for the one destined by Heaven and colonists in. It was then the but tlii' Cliionikon, in two bio in northern Italy. Most im- wrote to Pope Gregory 1, as- Anglo-Norman invasion of the Vicar of Christ to reform famous monastery was pulled books, w as an outline ot world portantly, it contained poems king the Bishop of Rome to Ireland. otherwise hopeless abuses'. down and some of its stones history, or rather the world as in praise of Bangor and of come into line with the Celtic In 1123 Malachy became Malachy w'as in close touch used to build the present I {usebius know it. It contained Comgall, its founder Church, rather than agree the abbot of Bangor but he was with Rome and, with many of Protestant Church. synchronic.il tables and lists ot Bangor soon became a very validity of Rome's arguments ambitious. The following year his fellow bishops, actually In Bangor is the microcosm rulers to his own times. The celebrated centre of learning, on its new dating of Easter he claimed the bishopric of connived at the invasion of of Irish tragedy; the former original (.reek text exists only renown throughout Europe. 1 le wrote poetry which sur- Conor, which had fallen into their county in order fora more greatness of its ecclesiastical in fragments but a Latin adap- As Dr Douglas Hyde vives and founded disuse. So zealous was he in strict feudal Church and and academic learning, where tation by St Jerome (c.342 - remarked: 'it was certainly the monasteries at Annegray, trying to convert the area into religion to be imposed respected scholars taught, or d.420) is the source that is greatest school of the northern I uxeil and Fontaine. But he the sort of feudal principality Malachy was a prime mover in learnt and then departed on regarded as important to any province, and produced men and his Irish followers were which he had observed in his trying^ to extend episcopal missions to educate Dark Age study of ancient history. of the highest eminence at deported by Thierry II of Bur- travels in Europe, where jurisdiction over the country Europe; indeed, tobringChris- Sinlan Moccu Mm made a home and abroad. Its tame gundy after he had criticised bishops were deemed tem- and uniting the Church in thir- tianity, literacy and learning to copy ot 1 usebius' Cliroiiikon reached far across the sea ' Thierry and his grandmother poral feudal princes, that the ty-six dioceses subject to the the very people who were later but, and more importantly, he St Bernard of Clairveaux Brunhild for their profligate enraged people of Conor and primacy of Armagh. He paid to be their conquerors and made a parallel text chroni- (1090-1153) wrote thai it was 'a living. Down rose up and drove him two visits to Rome to expound hold them in arrogant subjec- cling Irish events which he noble institution which was in- In AD 612 Columban and out by force. his arguments. tion. Here, too, is the seeds of brought up to date to his own habited bv m.mv thousands of his Irish followers trekked Undaunted, he put himself The attitudes and advice of betrayal, of ambition, and the day In this ancient record, did monks'. over the Alps into Lombardy. forward as Archbishop of Ar- the Irish Hierarchy were un- tragic path of destruction of a Sinlan make the first known When the Frankish In what was to become magh, and though opposed by doubtedly taken into account once glorious world of Gaelic attempt of an Irish historian to emperor Charlemagne (c.742- Switzerland he had left Gall (d. the Brehon Law system, he when Pope Adrian IV granted learning.

IRISH DEMOCRAT May 1993 page 8