DOCSLIB.ORG

Space Internet Technologies at Glenn Research Center

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Space Internet Technologies at Glenn Research Center Space Internet Technologies at Glenn Research Center Abstract NASA and the Department of Defense (DOD) are currently involved in defining the next-generation network architecture for space. This new architecture will utilize Internet Protocols to ensure interoperability between terrestrial (land, sea, and air) and satellite- based systems. NASA’s Glenn Research Center (GRC), located in Cleveland, Ohio, has been heavily involved in the development of Internet technologies for space applications since the mid-1990’s. Through consortium-based research utilizing the Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS), GRC has validated the use of Internet Protocols through space at geostationary distances. Today, GRC is conducting research that concentrates on the development of secure, mobile network hardware, software, protocols, and operations applications for eventual use in space platforms. The current development activities are all cooperative in nature and utilize, to the greatest extent possible, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) network equipment that has been designed to open standards, helping to reduce costs and ensure compatibility with future commercial systems. GRC’s secure, mobile network research has been conducted using bent-pipe satellite links over government satellite systems (ACTS and NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System [TDRSS]), commercial satellites (Iridium and Globalstar), and other moving communications platforms (cars, trucks, military vehicles, and ships). Future demonstrations will include a Mobile IP demonstration on board shuttle and an interoperability experiment using a commercial miniature router on a microsatellite. Additional research will also be needed to define and test the security and interoperability features envisioned for NASA’s new integrated architecture. Index 1. Background. a. About GRC b. Why IP in Space? i. TCP/IP at Geostationary Distances. ii. Normalization of Space. 1. Design, Build, Test, and Validation. 2. Integrated Operations. c. NASA/DOD Future TCA Architecture. d. Issues with IP in Space. 2. Current GRC Research. a. Hardware Development. i. Cisco’s Mobile Router. ii. Western DataCom’s NSA Approvable, HAIPE-Compliant, Mobile, Type 1 / Type 2 Encryption Devices. iii. Spectrum Astro’s Space Network Devices (SND). b. Software Development. i. Embedded Web Technology (EWT). c. Operations Application Development. i. Veridian Information Solution’s Virtual Mission Operations Control Consol (VMOCC). d. End-to-End IP-Compliant Mission Development. i. New Mexico State University e. Terrestrial Experiments. i. JSC’s Inspection 1999 / 2000. ii. Neah Bay Secure, Mobile Networking Experiment. f. Flight Experiments. i. CANDOS. ii. MANTIS. 3. Future GRC Research. 4. Contact Information. Background About GRC The Glenn Research Center (GRC) is the third oldest NASA Center. Built in 1944 to perform propeller research in support of the WWII effort, GRC (then the Lewis Research Center) predates the creation of NASA in the 1960’s. Today, GRC performs far more than propeller research. GRC is internationally recognized for its pioneering work in cryogenic propulsion, computational fluid dynamics, turbomachinery, space power, and space communications research. GRC’s Space Communications Office managed the design, build, test, validation, and operation of the Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS). A geostationary communications test platform, ACTS provided for the development and flight test of high-risk, advanced communications satellite technology. Using multiple spot beam antennas and advanced on-board switching and processing systems, ACTS has pioneered the use of the Ka Band for communications satellite technology. Why IP in Space? TCP/IP at Geostationary Distances Early in 1995, a Satellite Industry Task Force (SITF) was initiated by executives of the satellite industry to define the role for communications satellites in the National and Global Information Infrastructures (NII/GII). Satellites were considered to be essential to the NII/GII since they offer ubiquitous coverage. The SITF was chaired by Dr. Thomas Brackey of the Hughes Space and Communications Division and grew out of a series of workshops held during the summer of 1994 by the communications industry, NASA, and the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA). Experts were convened from twenty companies representing satellite and terrestrial network builders, operators, and users. For eight months the SITF worked to identify opportunities to exploit and challenges to overcome for the satellite industry to play a key role in the NII/GII. NASA personnel participated in the SITF's meetings to contribute on technical and policy matters. After significant data collection and analysis on various issues, the SITF participants reached a consensus on five key challenges. Three of the challenges were policy-related: • Access to Spectrum • Trade and Security • Access to Market The remaining two were technical: • Seamless Interoperability • Technology Advancement In the technical arena, the SITF was gravely concerned about the proliferation of fiber- based terrestrial networks. Very low cost (once installed), ubiquitous (covering most of the Earth, excluding some remote locations in central Africa, Russia, and Asia), and capable of supporting a common world-wide communications interface (Internet Protocols or IP), fiber presented a tremendous challenge for the satellite industry. Satellites tend to be exactly the opposite of fiber-based networks (i.e. expensive and proprietary). Hoping to capture the “last mile” market, the SITF recommended that research be conducted to eliminate interoperability issues between the terrestrial Internet and geostationary platforms. Because of its expertise and access to the ACTS geostationary platform, a decision was made to conduct IP research for space at GRC. Central to this discussion are the Internet Protocols themselves. There is no single Internet Protocol (the IP family actually contains more than 50 protocols). Internet Protocols include such things as User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Internet Protocol - "Next Generation" (TCP/IX), Electronic Mail Protocols: (SMTP, POP, IMAP, DNS-MX, PEM ), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and the Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Most people tend to associate one particular protocol with the Internet: TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol). TCP/IP provides reliable (guaranteed) delivery of data from one location to another over the Internet and is therefore a preferred protocol for the majority of terrestrial Internet users. The data delivery guarantee is the result of handshaking (feedback) from the remote computer back to the originating source (a missing handshake results in an automatic retransmission of the data). Handshakes can also be used by TCP/IP to identify and mitigate network congestion. Because terrestrial Internets use shared resources and data flows over networks tend to be “bursty” in nature, if too many network participants attempt to use the same resources at the same time data loss can occur. To minimize this problem, TCP/IP provides automatic congestion control. When a data recipient receives an individual TCP/IP data packet it automatically generates an acknowledgement for that specific packet and sends it back to the originator of the data. If these acknowledgements are not received in a timely fashion TCP/IP assumes that the network is congested and immediately backs off on data rate (by 50%) to minimize its contribution to the problem. Once congestion control has been activated TCP/IP also ramps up much more slowly than before (a linear increase in rate [one additional packet per round trip time] versus the exponential rate increase used at the start of the data transmission). The TCP/IP congestion control algorithm is commonly referred to as “Additive Increase, Multiplicative Decrease” (AIMD) and it is one of the key factors responsible for keeping the terrestrial Internet stable and “fair” to all users (equal access and bandwidth on a shared medium). Unfortunately, congestion control also erroneously assumes that the latency which results from using geostationary links is caused by congestion which can result in poor bandwidth utilization over high bandwidth, long delay links. To address the congestion control issue, GRC was tasked to explore the use of TCP/IP at geostationary distances using the ACTS satellite as a test platform. To conduct the research, GRC put together a multidisciplinary, consortium-based team. The team included: Computing Sun Microsystems Compaq Microsoft Intel IBM Hewlett-Packard Spacecraft Manufacturers Spectrum Astro Hughes Space & Communications Lockheed Martin Space Systems / Loral Boeing Ball Communications Ampex Data Systems Comsat Laboratories Cisco Systems FORE / Marconi Raytheon Telecom Cabletron Systems US Government Laboratories NASA Ames Research Center NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory U.S. Naval Research Laboratory U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory U.S. Army / CECOM To conduct the necessary research, each participant agreed to provide his state-of-the-art platform / operating system and engineering expertise. NASA GRC provided the overall leadership and the ACTS satellite platform (see Figure 1). Space Act Agreements (the military refers to them as Cooperative Research And Development Agreements or CRADAs) allowed the team to share both the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Messenger Spacecraft Power System Design and Early Mission Performance
    THE MESSENGER SPACECRAFT POWER SYSTEM DESIGN AND EARLY MISSION PERFORMANCE G. Dakermanji, C. Person, J. Jenkins, L. Kennedy, D. Temkin Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, Maryland, 20723-6099, USA Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) spacecraft was launched on August 3, 2004. The spacecraft will be inserted into Mercury orbit in March 2011 for one year of orbital operation. During the mission, the spacecraft distance to the Sun will vary between approximately 1 and 0.3 Astronomical Units (AU), imposing severe requirements on the spacecraft thermal and power systems design. The spacecraft is maintained behind a sunshade. The two single-axis, gimbaled solar array panels are designed to withstand the expected high temperatures. A peak power tracking system has been selected to allow operation over the widely varying solar array I-V curves. In order to reduce cost and risk while increasing the likelihood of mission success, the approach taken in the power system design, including the solar arrays, was to use conventional design, materials, and fabrication techniques. 1. MISSION DESCRIPTION a. Launch Configuration Sunshade MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging), shown in Fig. 1, is a Battery NASA Discovery Program spacecraft designed and built by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). It will orbit the planet Mercury for one Earth year of orbital operation. Most of what is known about Mercury comes from the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Using three flybys, Mariner 10 was able to map about 45% of the planet surface during a one-year period between 1974 and 1975.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Communications and Navigation (Scan) Testbed
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Communication and Navigation Testbed: Communications Technology for Exploration Richard Reinhart NASA Glenn Research Center July 2013 ISS Research and Development Conference Sponsored by Space Communication and Navigation Program Titan Lunar Neptune Relay Satellite Saturn Uranus Pluto LADEE Charon Jupiter Near Earth Optical Relay Pathfinder Mars NISNNISN MCC MOCs SCaN2023202520182015 Add: Services Provide: ••IntegratedEnhancedDeepIntegratedStandard Space service-basedServicesOptical Network Optical Initial Management Initial and architectureCapability Interfaces Capability (INM) ••SpaceDeepSpaceIntegratedDelay Space internetworking InternetworkingTolerant Service Optical Networking Execution Relay (DTN throughout Pathfinder and (ISE) IP) Solar Venus Deep Space ••InternationalLunarSystemSpaceDeep SpaceRelay Internetworking interoperability Satellite Antenna Initial Array Capability Antenna Optical Relay ••AssuredSignificantOpticalLunar Optical Ground safety Increases and Pathfinder Terminal security in Bandwidth (LADEE) of missions Array Pathfinder ••SignificantRetirementNearTDRS Earth K, L increases Optical of Aging Initial RFin bandwidth Systems Capability Sun Mercury • TDRSIncreased M,N microwave link data rates • Lunar Relay Payload (potential) 2 Microwave Links Optical Links NISN Next Generation Communication and Navigation Technology – Optical Communications – Antenna Arraying Technology – Receive and Transmit – Software Defined Radio – Advanced Antenna Technology – Spacecraft RF
    [Show full text]
  • 588168 Amendment No. 56 NASA Glenn Research Center, License
    NRC FORM 374 PAGE 1 OF 7 PAGES U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Amendment No. 56 MATERIALS LICENSE Pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-438), and Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter I, Parts 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 70 and 71, and in reliance on statements and representations heretofore made by the licensee, a license is hereby issued authorizing the licensee to receive, acquire, possess, and transfer byproduct, source, and special nuclear material designated below; to use such material for the purpose(s) and at the place(s) designated below; to deliver or transfer such material to persons authorized to receive it in accordance with the regulations of the applicable Part(s). This license shall be deemed to contain the conditions specified in Section 183 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and is subject to all applicable rules, regulations, and orders of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission now or hereafter in effect and to any conditions specified below. Licensee In accordance with letter dated 4. Expiration Date: March 31, 2025 March 28, 201 1. National Aeronautics & Space Administration R John H. Glenn Research Center 5. Docket No.: 030-05626 2. 21000 Brookpark Road Reference No.: Mailstop 6-4 Cleveland, OH 44135 6. Byproduct, source, 9. Authorized use and/or special nuclear material A. Any byproduct material A. Activation ~ucts A. For research and development as between atomic numbers described in 10 CFR 30.4. Possession 3 and 83 incident to the radiological characterization surveys of a shut-down cyclotron.
    [Show full text]
  • 10 Things to Know About NASA's Glenn Research Center
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration 10 Things to Know About NASA’s Glenn Research Center 1. NASA Glenn’s economic impact in Ohio exceeds $1.4 billion per year. According to an economic impact study by Cleveland State University’s Center for Economic Development, Glenn generates over $700 million annually in economic activity and creates over 7,000 jobs. NASA Glenn also generates nearly $500 million in labor income and approximately $120 million in tax revenue per year. 2. Glenn scientists and engineers are prolific inventors. The research center holds more than 725 patents and has won over 120 R&D 100 Awards, also known as the Oscars of innovation. That’s more than any other NASA center. Glenn strives to increase private sector revenue and contribute to private sector job growth by licensing its inventions. 3. Every U.S. aircraft has NASA Glenn technology on board. NASA is with you when you fly. Today’s commercial airliners are safer, quieter and more fuel efficient because of NASA Glenn technology. Glenn advancements such as ice detection and air traffic control systems have made flying safer. Glenn jet engine combustors have resulted in more efficient aircraft engines, and Glenn developed nozzle chevrons are used to make the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and new 737 MAX quieter. 4. Glenn is transforming aviation by developing revolutionary technologies for aircraft and the national airspace system. Glenn is working to dramatically improve efficiency, reduce costs and noise, and maintain safety in crowded skies. The center leads the agency’s effort to develop hybrid electric propulsion systems for commercial passenger aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete List of Contents
    Complete List of Contents Volume 1 Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center ......213 Publisher’s Note ......................................................... vii Chandra X-Ray Observatory ....................................223 Introduction ................................................................. ix Clementine Mission to the Moon .............................229 Preface to the Third Edition ..................................... xiii Commercial Crewed vehicles ..................................235 Contributors ............................................................. xvii Compton Gamma Ray Observatory .........................240 List of Abbreviations ................................................. xxi Cooperation in Space: U.S. and Russian .................247 Complete List of Contents .................................... xxxiii Dawn Mission ..........................................................254 Deep Impact .............................................................259 Air Traffic Control Satellites ........................................1 Deep Space Network ................................................264 Amateur Radio Satellites .............................................6 Delta Launch Vehicles .............................................271 Ames Research Center ...............................................12 Dynamics Explorers .................................................279 Ansari X Prize ............................................................19 Early-Warning Satellites ..........................................284
    [Show full text]
  • Glenn Research Center (GRC)
    Glenn Research Center (GRC) Agency Introduction: The FY 2012 budget request for NASA is $18.7 billion, the FY 2010 enacted level. The NASA Authorization Act of 2010 has provided a clear direction for NASA, and the skilled workforce at NASA Centers is critical to the success of the Act’s important objectives. Highlights of GRC’s FY 2012 activities: The FY 2012 budget proposes $ 809 million in spending at GRC. • $216 million in Space Technology for strategically-guided projects aligned with the Center core competencies of space power, in-space propulsion, nanotechnology and manufacturing, the Glenn Innovation Fund, disbursement of select SBIR/STTR awards and program funds for the Space Technology Research Grants Level 2 program office which GRC manages. • $144 million for Aeronautics Research to support contributions to NextGen, aviation safety, and environmentally responsible aviation. • $100 million towards Exploration to support propulsion research for the Space Launch System, environmental qualification on the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, and some EVA and advanced life support systems work in Exploration Research and Development. • $47 million in Space Operations biological and physical research for the International Space Station, completion and launch of the Communications, Navigation, and Networking reconfigurable Test Bed (CoNNeCT) project in early 2012. • $32 million in Science research and technology, including radioisotope power systems and solar electric propulsion. • $12 million to further NASA’s Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education efforts. • $259 million for Institutional requirements includes: $230 million for Cross-Agency Support; $29 million for Construction and Environmental Compliance Restoration for minor revitalization and construction projects to repair and modernize center infrastructure to reduce risk of mission disruption due to facility failures.
    [Show full text]
  • Interaktiv 3D-Visualisering Av Nasas Deep Space Network Kommunikation Lovisa Hassler Agnes Heppich
    LIU-ITN-TEK-A-19/005--SE Interaktiv 3D-visualisering av NASAs Deep Space Network kommunikation Lovisa Hassler Agnes Heppich 2019-04-30 Department of Science and Technology Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap Linköping University Linköpings universitet nedewS ,gnipökrroN 47 106-ES 47 ,gnipökrroN nedewS 106 47 gnipökrroN LIU-ITN-TEK-A-19/005--SE Interaktiv 3D-visualisering av NASAs Deep Space Network kommunikation Examensarbete utfört i Medieteknik vid Tekniska högskolan vid Linköpings universitet Lovisa Hassler Agnes Heppich Handledare Emil Axelsson Examinator Anders Ynnerman Norrköping 2019-04-30 Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under en längre tid från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extra- ordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns det lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/ Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet - or its possible replacement - for a considerable time from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nasa Glenn Research Center: an Economic Impact Study Fiscal Year 2019
    Prepared for: The NASA Glenn NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER Research Center: Prepared by: An Economic Iryna V. Lendel, Ph.D. Jinhee Yun Impact Study Courtney Whitman Fiscal Year 2019 CENTER FOR June 2020 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2121 Euclid Avenue ǀ Cleveland, Ohio 44115 http://urban.csuohio.edu/economicdevelopment THE NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER: AN ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY FISCAL YEAR 2019 Prepared for: NASA GLENN RESEARCH CENTER Prepared by: IRYNA V. LENDEL, PH.D. JINHEE YUN COURTNEY WHITMAN June 2020 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Christopher Blake, Susan Kevdzija, Mary Lobo, Timothy McCartney, and Kathleen Schubert, employees of the NASA Glenn Research Center, and James Kubera from Wichita Tribal Enterprises LLC, for their contributions to this project. They assisted in coordinating the data gathering for the study and provided feedback on the report’s content. This project is a result of the collaboration between NASA Glenn, Wichita Tribal Enterprises LLC, and Cleveland State University’s Center for Economic Development. Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... i A. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 B. NASA Glenn Research Center: Background .............................................................................................. 2 B.1. NASA Glenn Test Facilities ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Symbols and Flags in the US Manned Space Program
    SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 2007 #230 THE FLAG BULLETIN THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEXILLOLOGY www.flagresearchcenter.com 225 [email protected] THE FLAG BULLETIN THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEXILLOLOGY September-December 2007 No. 230 Volume XLVI, Nos. 5-6 FLAGS IN SPACE: NASA SYMBOLS AND FLAGS IN THE U.S. MANNED SPACE PROGRAM Anne M. Platoff 143-221 COVER PICTURES 222 INDEX 223-224 The Flag Bulletin is officially recognized by the International Federation of Vexillological Associations for the publication of scholarly articles relating to vexillology Art layout for this issue by Terri Malgieri Funding for addition of color pages and binding of this combined issue was provided by the University of California, Santa Barbara Library and by the University of California Research Grants for Librarians Program. The Flag Bulletin at the time of publication was behind schedule and therefore the references in the article to dates after December 2007 reflect events that occurred after that date but before the publication of this issue in 2010. © Copyright 2007 by the Flag Research Center; all rights reserved. Postmaster: Send address changes to THE FLAG BULLETIN, 3 Edgehill Rd., Winchester, Mass. 01890 U.S.A. THE FLAG BULLETIN (ISSN 0015-3370) is published bimonthly; the annual subscription rate is $68.00. Periodicals postage paid at Winchester. www.flagresearchcenter.com www.flagresearchcenter.com 141 [email protected] ANNE M. PLATOFF (Annie) is a librarian at the University of Cali- fornia, Santa Barbara Library. From 1989-1996 she was a contrac- tor employee at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. During this time she worked as an Information Specialist for the New Initiatives Of- fice and the Exploration Programs Office, and later as a Policy Ana- lyst for the Public Affairs Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Ssc17-Iii-02
    SSC17-III-02 NASA’s Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator Elwood Agasid, Roger Hunter, Christopher Baker, John Marmie, Darin Foreman Small Spacecraft Technology Program (SSTP) NASA Ames Research Center; 650 604 0558 [email protected] Dr. John Hanson Millennium Engineering & Integration Co. NASA Ames Research Center; 408 898 0376 [email protected] Mirabel Hill Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc. Irvine, CA; 949 753 1020 [email protected] ABSTRACT NASA's Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator (PTD) is a technology development project that will test the operation of a variety of novel CubeSat subsystems in low-Earth orbit, providing significant enhancements to the performance of these small and effective spacecraft. Each Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator mission will consist of one 6-unit (6U) CubeSat weighing approximately 12 kilograms and measuring approximately 30 centimeters x 25 centimeters x 10 centimeters. Each mission will be able to fulfill its objective of demonstrating the functionality of its payload and characterize the technology within 90 days of release from the deployment system. A sequence of five PTD spacecraft are expected to be deployed at near 6 month intervals, each demonstrating a novel, key small satellite technology. The first PTD spacecraft is expected to be ready for flight by August of 2018. The PTD project, led by NASA's Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, California, in collaboration with NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio and Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc. in Irvine, California as the spacecraft vendor, will benefit future missions by demonstrating the operation of new subsystem technologies on orbit. These technologies are expected to include propulsion systems that provide the capability to maneuver small science platforms and send small spacecraft to deep space; novel technologies to stabilize spacecraft, and laser communications systems that will greatly increase the amount of data that can be transmitted from the spacecraft to the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Integration Architecture: a Practical Demonstration of Information Propagation
    NASA/TM—2005-213616 Project Integration Architecture: A Practical Demonstration of Information Propagation William Henry Jones Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio March 2005 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part meetings sponsored or cosponsored by in helping NASA maintain this important role. NASA. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for technical, or historical information from NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA STI Program Office provides access to the often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Database, the largest collection of substantial public interest. aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- mechanism for disseminating the results of its language translations of foreign scientific research and development activities. These results and technical material pertinent to NASA’s are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report mission. Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of Program Office’s diverse offerings include completed research or a major significant creating custom thesauri, building customized phase of research that present the results of databases, organizing and publishing research NASA programs and include extensive data results . even providing videos. or theoretical analysis. Includes compilations of significant scientific and technical data and For more information about the NASA STI information deemed to be of continuing Program Office, see the following: reference value.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA) Transition Briefing Document Prepared by NASA for the Incoming Biden Administration 2020
    Description of document: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) transition briefing document prepared by NASA for the incoming Biden Administration 2020 Requested date: 01-January-2021 Release date: 04-January-2021 Posted date: 22-February-2021 Source of document: FOIA Request NASA Headquarters 300 E Street, SW Room 5Q16 Washington, DC 20546 Fax: (202) 358-4332 Email: [email protected] Online FOIA submission form The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001 January 4, 2021 Reply to attn.of Office of Communications Re: FOIA Tracking Number 21-HQ-F-00169 This responds to your Freedom oflnformation Act (FOIA) request to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), dated January 1, 2021, and received in this office on January 4, 2021.
    [Show full text]