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Streamlining a Critical Path to Lunar Settlement Kevin Hubbard,1 Linda T. Elkins- Tanton,1 Chris Hadfield,2 School of and , Arizona State University.1 Chris Hadfield Inc.; University of Waterloo.2 [email protected], [email protected], chris@chrishadfield.ca.3

Sort Order: Relevance; Words and Phrases: ; Status: Commu- Human Trans- Active, Completed, Planned; Technology Area Water Mobility Habitat (Roadmaps): Power nication Support portation 4.2.1 Extreme-Terrain Mobility, 4.2.4 Small-Body and Microgravity Mobility, 4.2.5 Surface Mobility, 4.2.6 + Robot Navigation, 4.2.8 Mobility Components, 4.3.1 Generation & Handling Navigation & Tracking Water Propellant Surface Operations Infrastruture & Development ECLSS + Human Health Lunar Transit Manipulator Components, 4.3.6 Sample Acquisition and Handling, 4.5.1 System Health Management, 4.5.2 Activity Planning, Scheduling, and Execution, 4.5.4 Multi-Agent Coordination, 4.5.8 Automated Data Analysis for Decision Making, 4.6.1 Relative Naviga- tion Sensors, 4.7.3 Robot Modeling and Simulation; Target Destinations: The

Ames Research Center x6 Army Research Laboratory Institute of Technology x2

ASU Actors Portfolio Columbia University x2 Draper x2 Adherent Technologies Adherent Technologies ASRC Corp. Astrobotic Energid Technologies BAE Systems (Russia) Applied Physics Laboratory x2 Astrobotic Apis Cor Beihang University, China Glenn Research Center x4 BarcelonaTech Mission Control Space Services Arizona State University x2 Boeing BASF x2 Colorado School of Mines

NASA Cross Cutting Actors Goddard Space Flight Center x2 Caltech Inc. (Canada) Astrobotic x2 Carnegie Mellon University Bechtel Dynetics, Inc. Energia (Russia) Honeybee Robotics, Ltd. ClydeSpace NPO Lavochkin Boston University Ceralink Inc. European Space Agency ExPace (by CASIC) Jet Propulsion Laboratory x8 Colorado School of Mines Shackleton Energy California Institute of Technology Cuberover (Luxembourg) Boeing of Houston Glenn Research Center Honeywell Johnson Space Center x8 Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio (Italy) Thales Alenia Space Canadian Space Agency ILC Dover Bollinger Grohmann Schneider x2 Kennedy Space Center x4 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Aerospace Corp Colorado School of Mines Jet Propulsin Laboratory (Austria) Marshall Space Flight Center Lockheed Martin Space Systems Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per AWS Ground Station Dynamic Imaging Analysis (UK) Johnson Space Center Bradley University ORBITEC Marshall Space Flight Center l'Energia “Nicola Giordano” (Italy) Clyde Space (ÅAC Microtec) ESA - ESTEC (Netherlands) Kennedy Space Center Branch Technology Shackleton Energy NPO Lavochkin Massachusetts Institute Technology Department of Energy (U.S. Government) GomSpace Gedex Systems Inc., (Canada) Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Brick&Mortar Ventures Siberian Federal University Orbital ATK Morehead State University ESA - ESTEC (Netherlands) Honeywell German Aerospace Center Building Technology Caterpillar State University of New York Rocket Lab State University Glenn Research Center Innovative Solutions in Space Glenn Research Center Marshall Space Flight Center Ceralink Inc. (SUNY) Shackleton Energy /Smart Vehicle Concepts Inmatech Inc LGS Innovations Goddard Space Flight Center x2 Sandia Labs COMEX (France) University of Alabama SpaceX Jacobs Maxar Technologies Honeybee Robotics x3 Shackleton Energy Energia (Russia) UTC Aerospace Systems (UTAS) x2 Tesseract Tyvak Nano- Systems Inc. Jet Propulsion Laboratory NanoAvionics Institute of Astronautics (Germany) University of Maryland Foster + Partners World View University of California, San Diego Los Alamos National Laboratory x2 Oxford Space Systems iSpace Europe Beyond Gray Research, Inc. University of Texas at Austin Lunar Planetary Institute (LPI) Pumpkin Space Systems Jet Propulsion Laboratory x2 ILC Dover William Marsh Rice University National Renewel Energy Lab (NWEL) Kennedy Space Center (Swamp Works) x4 Ixion (NanoRacks , Space Systems NewSpace Analytics Lockheed Martin Loral, ) Schafer Corp. Lunar and Planetary Institute Jet Propulsion Laboratory x2 Shackleton Energy Marshall Space Flight Center x2 Johnson Space Center + SupAero Sort Order: Relevance; Status: Active, Planned; NPO Lavochkin Kennedy Space Center (Swamp Technology Area (Roadmaps): University of Alabama - Huntsville McGill University Works) x2 11.1.1 Flight Computing, 11.3.4 Simulation-Based University of Houston Missouri University of Science x2 Training and Decision Support Systems; Target University of Malaya Destinations: The Moon and Technology Mitsubishi Heavy Industries () University of Michigan Leidos;Ipenex University of Texas at Arlington NewSpace Analytics LIQUIFER Systems Group (Austria) XISP, Inc. x2 Orbital Technologies Corporation (ORBIT- Lockheed Martin Air Force Research Laboratory EC) Marshall Space Flight Center x2 Ames Research Center OHB System (Germany) x2 Northrop Grumman Glenn Research Center Open University (UK) x2 Morgan Research Corporation Goddard Space Flight Center x5 Penguin Automated Systems Inc., (Canada) NASA HQ Jet Propulsion Laboratory NPO Lavochkin Johnson Space Center Sandia National Laboratories O3 Johnson Space Center Selex-ES (Italy) Penn State University x2 Shackleton Energy Sauereisen Space Application Services SEArch+ (Belgium, Netherlands) Sierra Nevada

State University of New York Space Applications Services (Ger- + Status: Active Technology Area (Roadmaps): Stone Aerospace, Inc. many) 14.1.1 Passive Thermal Control, 14.1.2 Active Thermal Texas Tech University Thales Alenia Space Control, 14.2.3 Heat Rejection and Energy Storage, 14.3.1 Ascent/Entry TPS, 14.3.2 Thermal Protection TU München (Germany) University of Southern California System Modeling and Simulation University of Alabama Huntsville UTC Aerospace Systems University of Arizona Polytechnic Institute University of Colorado Boulder and State University University of New Orleans Ames Research Center University of Western Ontario (Canada) Arizona State University XISP Inc. Brigham Young University Space IL Converter Source, LLC Glenn Research Center Goddard Space Flight Center + + + + + + + + + + Iris Technology Corporation Jet Propulsion Laboratory Johnson Space Center Nanosonic, Inc. +

Sort Order: Relevance; Words and Phrases: ; Status: Sort Order: Relevance; Technology Area (Roadmaps): Sort Order: Relevance; Status: Active; Technology Area Sort Order: Relevance; Words and Phrases: ; Status: Sort Order: Relevance; Words and Phrases: ; Status: Sort Order: Relevance; Words and Phrases: ; Status: Sort Order: Relevance; Words and Phrases: ; Status: Sort Order: Relevance; Status: Active; Technology Area Active, Completed, Planned; Technology Area (Roadmaps): Active; Technology Area (Roadmaps): Active; Technology Area (Roadmaps): Active, Completed, Planned; Technology Area Active, Completed, Planned; Technology Area (Roadmaps): (Roadmaps): 5.2.5 Earth Launch and Re-Entry Communications, (Roadmaps): (Roadmaps): 5.2.6 Antennas; Target Destinations: The Moon 7.1 In-Situ Resource Utilization, 7.1.1 Destination 12.1.5 Special Materials, 12.2.1 Lightweight Concepts, TA 6 Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation PH Matter, LLC TA 13 Ground and Launch Systems, 13.1 Operational 3.1.2 Chemical, 3.1.3 Solar, 3.2.1 Batteries, 3.2.3 Reconnaissance, Prospecting, and Mapping, 7.1.2 12.2.2 Design and Certification Methods, 12.2.3 Systems, 6.1 Environmental Control and Life Support 1.1.1 Propellants, 1.1.2 Case Materials, 1.1.3 Nozzle 2.1.2 Liquid Cryogenic, 2.4.2 Propellant Storage and Life-Cycle, 13.1.1 On-Site Production, Storage, Regenerative Fuel Cells, 3.3.2 Management and Resource Acquisition, 7.1.3 Processing and Produc- Reliability and Sustainment, 12.2.4 Test Tools and Systems and Habitation Systems, 6.1.1 Air Revitaliza- Portland State University x2 Systems, 1.1.6 Integrated Solid Motor Systems, 1.1.7 Transfer; Target Destinations: Distribution, and Conservation of Fluids, 13.1.2 Control, 3.3.3 Distribution and Transmission, 3.3.5 tion, 7.1.4 Manufacturing Products and Infrastructure Methods, 12.2.6 Loads and Environments, 12.3.1 tion, 6.1.2 Water Recovery and Management, 6.1.3 Rice University Liner and Insulation, 1.2.1 LH2/LOX Based, 1.2.2 Automated Alignment, Coupling, Assembly, and Conversion and Regulation; Target Destinations: The Emplacement, 7.2 Sustainability and Supportability, Deployables, Docking, and Interfaces, 12.3.2 Mecha- Waste Management, 6.1.4 Habitation, 6.2 Extravehicu- RP/LOX Based; Target Destinations: The Moon Transportation Systems, 13.1.3 Autonomous Moon 7.2.1 Autonomous Logistics Management, 7.2.2 nism Life Extension Systems, 12.3.3 Electro-Mechani- lar Activity Systems, 6.2.1 Pressure Garment, 6.2.2 Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) Command and Control for Integrated Vehicle and Aerospace Corporation Maintenance Systems, 7.2.3 Repair Systems, 7.2.4 cal, Mechanical, and Micromechanisms, 12.3.4 Design Portable Life Support System, 6.2.3 Power, Avionics, Ground Systems, 13.1.4 Logistics, 13.2 Environmental x4 Ames Research Center x2 Food Production, Processing, and Preservation, 7.3 and Analysis Tools and Methods, 12.3.5 Reliability, Life and Software, 6.3 Human Health and Performance, Protection and Green Technologies, 13.2.1 Corrosion Human Mobility Systems, 7.3.1 EVA Mobility, 7.3.2 Assessment, and Health Monitoring, 12.4 Manufactur- 6.3.1 Medical Diagnosis and Prognosis, 6.3.2 Space Technology Corporation; Air Force Research Laboratory Prevention, Detection, and Mitigation, 13.2.2 Environ- Glenn Research Center Surface Mobility, 7.3.3 Off-Surface Mobility, 7.4.1 ing, 12.4.1 Manufacturing Processes, 12.4.2 Intelligent Long-Duration Health, 6.3.3 Behavioral Health, 6.3.4 mental Remediation and Site Restoration, 13.2.3 Integrated Habitat Systems, 7.6 Cross-Cutting Integrated Manufacturing and Cyber Physical Systems, Human Factors, 6.4 Environmental Monitoring, Safety, SpaceX Aerodyne Research, Inc Air Squared Inc. Preservation of Natural Ecosystems, 13.2.4 Alternate Aerojet Rocketdyne Goddard Space Flight Center Systems, 7.6.1 Particulate Contamination Prevention 12.4.3 Electronics and Optics Manufacturing Process, and Emergency Response, 6.4.1 Sensors: Air, Water, Energy Prototypes, 13.2.5 Curatorial Facilities, and Mitigation, 7.6.2 Construction and Assembly; 12.4.4 Sustainable Manufacturing, 12.4.5 Nondestruc- Microbial, and Acoustic, 6.4.2 Fire: Detection, Suppres- Stennis Space Center Aerojet Rocketdyne Creare LLC Planetary Protection, and Clean Rooms, 13.3 Reliability Ames Research Center x3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory x3 Sort Order: Relevance; Words and Phrases: ; Status: Target Destinations: The Moon tive Evaluation and Sensors; Target Destinations: The sion, and Recovery, 6.4.3 Protective Clothing and Techshot, Inc. Angstrom Designs, Inc. GE Aviation; GE Global Research and Maintainability, 13.3.1 Launch Infrastructure, Glenn Research Center x7 Johns Hopkins University Moon Breathing, 6.4.4 Remediation, 6.5 Radiation, 6.5.1 Risk Active; Technology Area (Roadmaps): 13.3.2 Environment-Hardened Materials and Struc- Assessment Modeling, 6.5.2 Radiation Mitigation and The University of Alabama x2 Arctic Slope Technical Services x2 Glenn Research Center x2 tures, 13.3.3 On-Site Inspection and Anomaly Indiana University Applied Physics Laboratory Biological Countermeasures, 6.5.3 Protection Systems, 12.1.5 Special Materials, 12.2.1 Lightweight Concepts, Detection and Identification, 13.3.4 Fault Isolation and 6.5.4 Space Weather Prediction, 6.5.5 Monitoring The University of Michigan Carbon-Carbon12.2.2 Design and Certification Advanced Methods, Technologies, 12.2.3 Inc. Johnson Space Center Diagnostics, 13.3.5 Prognostics, 13.3.6 Repair, Jet Propulsion Laboratory x3 Johnson Space Center Technology; Target Destinations: The Moon Reliability and Sustainment, 12.2.4 Test Tools and Mitigation, and Recovery Technologies, 13.3.7 NASA Tech Portfolio Ames Research Center x2 UMPQUA Research Company Compositex,Methods, 12.2.6 Loads Inc. and Environments, 12.3.1 Langley Research Center Communications, Networking, Timing, and Telemetry, Johnson Space Center Kennedy Space Center Aerojet Rocketdyne Deployables, Docking, and Interfaces, 12.3.2 Mecha- 13.3.8 Decision-Making Tools, 13.4 Mission Success, Analytical Mechanics Associates, University of Alabama at Huntsville Digital Solid State Propulsion, Inc Marshall Space Flight Center x3 Morehead State University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc. nism Life Extension Systems, 12.3.3 Electro-Mechani- 13.4.1 Range Tracking, Surveillance, and Flight Safety Inc. University of Colorado at Boulder Garveycal, Mechanical, and Micromechanisms, Corporation 12.3.4 Design WASK Engineering, Inc. Technologies, 13.4.2 Landing and Recovery Systems Texas A&M University Lincoln Laboratory ATA Engineering, Inc. and Analysis Tools and Methods, 12.3.5 Reliability, Life and Components, 13.4.3 Weather Prediction and Brookhaven National Laboratory Ames Research Center x8 x2 GlennAssessment, Research and Health Center Monitoring, x2 12.4 Manufactur- Mitigation, 13.4.4 Robotics and Telerobotics, 13.4.5 University of Houston Pumpkin Inc. Bigelow Aerospace ing, 12.4.1 Manufacturing Processes, 12.4.2 Intelligent Safety Systems; Target Destinations: The Moon Dynetics, Inc. Analytical Mechanics Associates, University of Delaware Gloyer-TaylorIntegrated Manufacturing Laboratories, and Cyber Physical LLC Systems, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Sandia National Laboratory Boeing Futron Inc. University of Hawaii Intelligent12.4.3 Electronics Automation, and Optics Manufacturing Inc. Process, University of Maryland Southern Research Institute Brookhaven National Laboratory 12.4.4 Sustainable Manufacturing, 12.4.5 Nondestruc- Glenn Research Center x6 ATA Engineering, Inc. University of Houston Johnsontive Evaluation Space and Sensors; Center Target Destinations: The University of Texas at Austin Texas A&M University Futron Moon Goddard Space Flight Center x2 Bigelow Aerospace x2 University of Massachusetts, Am- Kennedy Space Center x3 Ames Research Center Wallops Flight Facility Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems Inc. Glenn Research Center x2 Honeybee Robotics, Ltd. Boeing x2 herst Keystone Synergistic Enterprises, Inc. Glenn Research Center University of Central Florida (UCF) Goddard Space Flight Center Jacobs Brookhaven National Laboratory University of Minnesota Langley Research Center x4 Jacobs Technology Honeybee Robotics, Ltd. Jet Propulsion Laboratory x6 DePaul University University of Texas at Arlington Leaping Catch, LLC Jet Propulsion Laboratory Jacobs x2 Johnson Space Center x11 Dynetics, Inc.; University of Texas at Austin Marshall Space Flight Center x14 Johnson Space Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory x3 Kansas State University Faraday Technology, Inc University of Utah Materials Research and Design, Inc. Kennedy Space Center Johnson Space Center x3 KBRwyle Futron USRA Mississippi State University Langley Research Center Kansas State University Kennedy Space Center x4 Glenn Research Center x4 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Planetary Resources Development Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) KBRwyle Kitty Hawk Goddard Space Flight Center State University Corporation Stennis Space Center L-3 Communications L-3 Communications; Jacobs x3 White Sands Test Facility x2 Purdue University x3 Techshot, Inc. Langley Research Center x4 Langley Research Center x2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory x3 Wyle Laboratories, Inc. Stennis Space Center x2 Marshall Space Flight Center x3 Marshall Space Flight Center x7 Johnson Space Center x17 Streamline Numerics, Inc. x2 PV Array (24) Missouri University of Science and Massachusetts Institute Technolo- Kansas State University Sustainable Innovations, LLC Technology gy KBRwyle x2 The University of Connecticut MRI Technologies Morehead State University Kennedy Space Center x3 University of California at Santa Barbara RFC Power NASA Headquarters x3 Storage Module MRI Technologies Kitty Hawk University of California, San Diego Northwestern University (2) NASA Headquarters x4 L-3 Communications Valley Tech Systems, Inc. Penn State University Penn State University Langley Research Center x4 Ventions, LLC x2 Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) PH Matter, LLC Lockheed Martin Space Systems Wallops Flight Facility Space Technology Corporation Portland State University x2 Marshall Space Flight Center x7 SpaceX LLOX Depot Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) Massachusetts Institute Technology Tethers Unlimited Space Technology Corporation Medical College of Wisconsin The University of Michigan Stanford University x2 Methuselah Foundation Shielded University of Alabama at Huntsville LLOX Reactor Landing Pad The University of Alabama MRI Technologies; (3) University of California at Berkeley The University of Michigan Nanoracks, LLC Straddler (2) University of Hawaii UMPQUA Research Company NASA Headquarters x4 University of Houston University of Alabama at Huntsville Northrop Grumman Innovation University of Utah x2 University of Delaware Systems USRA University of Hawaii Northwestern University Wyle Laboratories, Inc. University of Houston University of Maryland University of Massachusetts, Am- herst University of Minnesota A Design Reference Mission (DRM) geared toward settlement should be University of Texas at Arlington conceptualized to help streamline steps to settlement Paved Area University of Utah USRA Critical first steps: Measure depth profile of ice at permanently shadowed regions, High-Reach Truck test water filtration systems, Consensus on habitat location, Construct landing pad, (2) 50 m off-loading technology, and guidance mechanisms, Establish power supply via

Rover (2) photovoltaic arrays + fuel cells

Habitat Complex Largest capability gaps for sustainable Lunar settlement reside in "Human Support" systems

Scaled site plan for a practical lunar base (from Sherwood, 2018) Future Work: Critical Path/Timeline for Lunar Settlement