Volcanic Viewshafts Management Framework Proposed Methodology Applied to Seven Case Studies

Home , Maungarei, Mount Hobson (Auckland), Taylors Hill

JUNE 2015 PROPOSED AUCKLAND UNITARY PLAN HEARING 020 - VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFTS

VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFTS MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PROPOSED METHODOLOGY APPLIED TO SEVEN CASE STUDIES

JUNE 2015 PROPOSED AUCKLAND UNITARY PLAN HEARING 020 - VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFTS

VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFTS MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PART A: IDENTIFICATION

The purpose of this stage is to identify the range of potential viewshafts across Auckland and qualitatively capture information about them. The identification process is not concerned with ranking one viewshaft against another, or assessing the potential impact of imposing the viewshaft. It is envisaged that the process of identification is well documented in order to provide clarity for later stages. The methodology for identification of viewshafts to be potentially protected involves consideration of the following factors:

1. Significance of the Individual Cone: • Physical stature: elevation, scale, profile, dominance, legibility • Intactness: topography, form • Character: vegetation cover, land use cover / elements • Social Value & Status: reserves / art / literature / tourism • Cultural / Tangata Whenua Values: pa sites / remnants / commemorative elements.

2. Significance of Origin Point: • Type of View: Transport Corridors (e.g. commuter and main trunk rail routes), Strategic Road Routes (nationally important) / Regional Arterial Road Routes (regionally important), parks & reserves / open spaces / beaches / promenades / sports fields / walkways & cycleways / commercial centres / community centres • Identification and Nature of the Viewing Audience: e.g. static/transient, drivers and passengers of vehicles, pedestrians, passive users (e.g. park), regional community, tourists, reason for being at origin, frequency of use, time spent • Nature of the View: temporality, linear or point or cumulative points • Distractions: Foreground activity, other important views

3. View Quality: • Memorability • Shared Recognition / Recall • Orientation of View: to viewer at Origin Point – focus of view or peripheral • Proximity to Cone: Surrounding context • Clarity of Expression: Demarcation of Cone Relative To Surrounding Terrain / Development (including visual ‘breathing space’ around the cone) • Uniqueness: Visual Catchment Relative To Other Origin Points, context/composition • Contribution to City: Significance, Identity, ‘Gateway’ Values (introduction to Isthmus cone field), Wayfinding, landmark values

4. Cumulative Value: • Visual connection with other volcanic cones (of similar or higher significance) • Visual Connection with other volcanic features of the Auckland Isthmus • Sequential connection: Between viewshafts. 4 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART A

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Te Ahi ka roa a Raka / Mount Albert / Owairaka Origin Point 340 Mount Albert Road, Wesley

(Existing viewshaft: A08)

IdentificationPart A Criteria

DESCRIPTION EVALUATION OF VALUES OF VALUES

1. Significance of the Individual Cone

Physical stature • As the western-most volcanic cone on the Auckland Volcanic Field Mt Albert provides a clear orientation about the western part of the Auckland Isthmus. • Has a height of 135m (ASL) • Comprised of two scoria cones that have been quarried. • Has a wider east/west profile due to the number of cones.

Intactness Overall, the base of the maunga is largely intact the top has been extensively modified from quarrying (the top 15m of the cone was removed) and the addition of water reservoirs.

Character • Has a modified character. The top of the cone has been levelled (as a result of quarrying and then water reservoirs) and so the maunga has an unnaturally flat grassed top which is now used as sports fields. • Two smaller, older reservoirs were built at the main entrance of the domain. • Vegetation predominantly includes grass and established trees, particularly in the excavated crater. • Dwellings have been built around the base of the cone.

Social Value & • Mount Albert is a landmark for Auckland. Status • Quarrying generated decades of persistent (and eventually successful) public protest to stop the quarrying. • Currently used as a recreational reserve and appreciated for its amenity. Reference: Boffa Miskell, 2015 Cultural / Tangata Former pa site and some terracing still visible. Whenua Values

2. Significance of Origin Point

Type of View The view is transient, urban view located on a public road (the origin point is located on an arterial road).

Identification and As an arterial road, the potential viewshafts can be Nature of the experienced by a broad number of drivers and pedestrians Viewing Audience heading in a westerly direction along Mount Albert Road.

Nature of the The origin point is defined by a singular point (but the maunga View can be recognised and appreciated after this point is passed).

Distractions • Road and other vehicles. • Pedestrians. • Built form in the foreground and mid ground.

3. View Quality

Memorability The limited view of the overall cone makes it difficult to recognise as an important maunga and therefore difficult to appreciate. Distracting elements in the foreground and mid- ground further reduce memorability.

Shared For similar reasons above, from this origin point there is not a Recognition considerable shared recognition or recall of the maunga. /Recall

Orientation of The maunga is located in direct alignment with the road View corridor.

Proximity to Cone The origin point is 2.6km from the maunga.

Clarity of Foreground and mid ground elements (comprised of Expression vegetation, built form and road reserve elements such as street lamps) cramp the view of the maunga and blur the distinction of cone form with its surrounding context.

Uniqueness This potential viewshaft is not especially unique. Other better quality views pf Owairaka / Mount Albert can be recognised and appreciated from other points along Mount Albert Road.

Contribution to The connection between the road name of Mount Albert Road City and the cone itself provide a help orientation/legibility element to the viewshaft but overall, the view is not particularly strong.

4. Cumulative Value

Does this potential viewshaft have a visual connection with other:

Volcanic cones No.

Volcanic features No.

Natural features No.

Other features No.

Sequential Only with other views of Owairaka / Mount Albert connections

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 5 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART A

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungawhau / Mount Eden Origin Point South-bound lane, Onewa Road Off/On Ramp, SH1

(Existing viewshaft: E10)

IdentificationPart A Criteria

DESCRIPTION EVALUATION OF VALUES OF VALUES

1. Significance of the Individual Cone

Physical stature • The trig point at the top of Maungawhau is the highest point on the Auckland isthmus (196m ASL). • Comprised of multiple scoria cones surrounded by lava fields. • Has a longer east/west profile. • Forms a dominant part of the central Auckland skyline

Intactness • The cone has been considerably modified. Pre-European times, the tops and sides of Maungawhau scoria cones were extensively modified to create a pa. Many pits were made for crop storage. • Maungawhau has also been subject to quarrying on the southern (now Eden Gardens) and northern slopes (now Tahake reserve). • The main crater of the southern cone is relatively intact and such a deep and perfectly shaped crater is considered by many as a rare example in Auckland.

Character • Has a modified character. • Mixed vegetation: The upper cone is grassed. The mid to lower flanks are comprised of a mixture of vegetation including mature trees. Areas of native bush regeneration exist along the western flanks. • Roads and walking routes. Car park areas at various levels along the procession up to the cone but the main car park is on the top, southern rim of the younger scoria cone. • Dwellings have been built around the lower flanks of the cone.

Social Value & • Auckland’s most recognisable cone along with Maungakiekie / Status One Tree Hill and Rangitoto. • Friends of Maungawhau community group Reference: Boffa Miskell, 2015 • Represented in many artwork, literature and music. • Currently used as a recreational reserve and appreciated for its amenity.

Cultural / Tangata Former Pa site and features kumara pits Whenua Values

2. Significance of Origin Point

Type of View • 800m long, sectional origin point (similar to 30 seconds of viewing) • Origin point is located on the Northern Motorway (100km p/h zone) and is experienced by moving vehicles only.

Identification and As a national motorway, the viewshaft can be experienced by a vast Nature of the number of drivers and pedestrians heading in a south along SH1 – Viewing Audience this includes people passing through Auckland.

Nature of the Linear viewshaft, off –centre to the left (south) View

Distractions • As a driver, the road and other vehicles are the main distraction particularly as the view is off-centre. • Built form along the motorway (such as the Onewa on-ramp/off- ram, signage and lighting) and the built form of the City Centre.

3. View Quality

Memorability The view is considered to be memorable. The contrast of the natural landscape of Maungawhau /Mount Eden against the built form of the City Centre and Waitemata Harbour creates a distinct and memorable impression of Auckland.

Shared The number of users of the northern motorway and the ease of view Recognition toward the cone would resonate with a wide viewing audience. /Recall

Orientation of The maunga is off-centre but easy to view for pedestrians and View drivers/passengers of a vehicle.

Proximity to Cone The origin point is 7.2km from the maunga.

Clarity of Existing City Centre built form beneath the viewshaft has been Expression developed to the upper extent and this frames the view of the cone. The tapered concentration of central city buildings (including sky tower) is situated an appropriate distance from the cone which gives the cone sufficient ‘visual breathing space’ and become a prominent landmark.

Uniqueness The juxtaposition of various elements and its view from a gateway to Auckland City makes this a unique view.

Contribution to The potential viewshaft makes a significant contribution to Auckland’s City identity.

4. Cumulative Value

Does this potential viewshaft have a visual connection with other:

Volcanic cones No.

Volcanic features No.

Natural features Yes. The Waitemata Harbour and Pohutukawa to the right of the foreground frame.

Other features Yes. The built form of Central Auckland, including Sky Tower, the Ports of Auckland.

Sequential No. connections

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 6 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART A

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungawhau / Mount Eden Origin Point Ngapipi Road /Tamaki Drive intersection

(Existing viewshaft: E11)

IdentificationPart A Criteria

DESCRIPTION EVALUATION OF VALUES OF VALUES

1. Significance of the Individual Cone

Intactness • The cone has been considerably modified. Pre- European times, the tops and sides of Maungawhau scoria cones were extensively modified to create a pa. Many pits were made for crop storage. • Maungawhau has also been subject to quarrying on the southern (now Eden Gardens) and northern slopes (now Tahake reserve). • The main crater of the southern cone is relatively intact and such a deep and perfectly shaped crater is considered by many as a rare example in Auckland.

Character • Has a modified character. • Mixed vegetation: The upper cone is grassed. The mid to lower flanks are comprised of a mixture of vegetation including mature trees. Areas of native bush regeneration exist along the western flanks. • Roads and walking routes. Car park areas at various levels along the procession up to the cone but the main car park is on the top, southern rim of the younger scoria cone. Reference: Boffa Miskell, 2015 • Dwellings have been built around the lower flanks of the cone.

Social Value & • Auckland’s most recognisable cone along with Status Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and Rangitoto. • Friends of Maungawhau community group • Represented in many artwork, literature and music. • Currently used as a recreational reserve and appreciated for its amenity.

Cultural / Tangata Former Pa site and features kumara pits. Whenua Values

2. Significance of Origin Point

Type of View • 450m long, sectional origin point. • Origin point is located on the pedestrian path that runs along Tamaki Drive and adjacent to the road (50km p/h zone).

Identification and As an arterial road the viewshaft can be experienced Nature of the by a vast number and array of drivers and Viewing Audience pedestrians heading west-bound Tamaki Drive.

Nature of the The origin point is defined by a sectional, linear origin View point. The view is off-centre, to the left (south) of the direction one is walking or driving.

Distractions • As a driver, the road and other vehicles are the main distraction particularly as the view is off- centre. • Built form along the road (such as traffic signage and lighting).

3. View Quality

Memorability The view is considered to be reasonably memorable. The cone is seen in context with Ohinerangi / Mount Hobson to the left and the City Centre/Port, Maungauika / North Head, Takarunga / Mount Victoria and the Waitemata Harbour all on the right of the view.

Shared The number of users of Tamaki Drive (in particular for Recognition recreation) and the ease of view toward the cone /Recall would resonate with a wide viewing audience.

Orientation of The maunga is off-centre but easy to view for View pedestrians and drivers/passengers of a vehicle.

Proximity to Cone The origin point is 4.6km from the maunga.

Clarity of Consistently low built form allows the maunga to be Expression easily recognisable and its distinctive form clearly visible.

Uniqueness The juxtaposition of various elements such as the Pohutukawa cliff edges at the beginning of the viewshaft, Hobson Bay in the foreground and the surrounding maunga to the left and right of the view, makes this a unique view.

Contribution to The potential viewshaft makes a reasonably high City contribution to Auckland’s identity.

4. Cumulative Value

Does this potential viewshaft have a visual connection with other:

Volcanic cones Yes. Ohinerangi / Mount Hobson, Maungauika / North Head and Takarunga / Mount Victoria

Volcanic features N/A

Natural features Yes. Hobson Bay, cliff edges and Pohutukawa coastal edge.

Other features N/A

Sequential Yes. Sequential view of various features as one connections moves along the origin point.

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 7 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART A

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Rangitoto Origin Point Front Steps of Auckland Museum

(Existing viewshaft: T01)

IdentificationPart A Criteria

DESCRIPTION EVALUATION OF VALUES OF VALUES

1. Significance of the Individual Cone

Physical stature • Rangitoto is one of the few volcanoes that had erupted in the sea • Its isolated location makes it particularly unique. • It has a height of 260m and average width of 5.5km.

Intactness • Rangitoto has a distinctive symmetrical cone. • It is relatively unmodified. • Rangitoto’s long, low silhouette is enhanced by its harbour surroundings and it is a dominant feature on the Waitemata Harbour and Hauraki Gulf.

Character • Comprised of three scoria cones and lava flow shield. The scoria and lava flows are visible in some sections but it is mainly covered by near continuous forest vegetation.

Social Value & • Rangitoto is widely considered an icon and symbol Status of Auckland and is represented in many arts, graphics and literature. • It is a key tourism destination for Auckland.

Cultural / Tangata • Ngai Tai was the iwi living on Motutapu and Whenua Values consider Rangitoto as a part of their ancestry. • The eruption of Rangitoto forms an important part of Maori history.

2. Significance of Origin Point Reference: Boffa Miskell, 2015 Type of View A single point located on the bottom tread of the Museum steps at RL 75.23 metres.

Identification and • Primarily pedestrians. Nature of the • Pedestrians encompass a wide range of groups Viewing Audience from local residents to city, national and international viewers.

Nature of the The view is comprised of one permanent point and is View a static view.

Distractions The existing vegetation within the Domain, particularly the mature evergreen trees (e.g. pohutukawas) along Domain Drive, obscures large parts of the view to the Waitemata Harbour.

3. View Quality

Memorability Rangitoto in itself is an iconic and memorable feature. It’s visibility from the Auckland Domain connects two important locations/features in Auckland which makes this one of the more memorable viewshafts.

Shared Most Aucklanders and tourists would be able to recall Recognition this view. The viewshaft has been established for /Recall some time and was a key reason for the location and orientation of the Museum.

Orientation of Rangitoto is off centre from the orientation of the View Auckland Museum but the gap in the trees and the panoramic view provides a natural re-orientation of the viewer’s focus.

Proximity to Cone The origin point is 10.8km from the end of the viewshaft.

Clarity of The Hauraki Gulf and Maunguika / North Head Expression provide a meaningful context to the view. The water in particular provides a ‘visual breathing space’ within the view.

Uniqueness • The potential view is particularly unique, primarily due to the importance of the viewing location. • Whilst the form and silhouette of Rangitoto is of high quality, it is this particular composition and the importance of the origin point that makes it so unique.

Contribution to The viewshaft is one of the most widely recognised City and appreciated in Auckland and makes a significant contribution to the identity of Auckland.

4. Cumulative Value

Does this potential viewshaft have a visual connection with other:

Volcanic Cones Yes. The Domain is also a volcanic cone or Features (Pukekawa) so this is an important cone-to-cone view. The view also includes Maungauika / North Head in the mid ground and a small slither of Motutapu in the far background.

Natural Features Yes. The outer Waitemata Harbour/inner Hauraki Gulf waters and mature trees within the Auckland Domain.

Other Features The museum steps, cenotaph and surrounding plaza and furniture such as the light in the foreground.

Sequential Yes. The view includes other volcanic features and connections is a panoramic view of the wider Waitemata and its coastal edge activities.

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 8 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART A

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungarei / Mount Wellington Origin Point Pedestrian footpath between 18 - 83 The Parade, Bucklands Beach

(Existing viewshaft: W12)

PartIdentification A Criteria

DESCRIPTION EVALUATION OF VALUES OF VALUES

1. Significance of the Individual Cone

Physical • Maungarei / Mount Wellington has a well-defined singular stature cone form with a flattish top. At the crater rim it is 135m (ASL). • It is one of the most distinct and well-formed of the eastern cones in the volcanic field. • Its scoria cone is tallest from base to crest in the Auckland volcanic field. Because of this, it has a distinct overall form.

Intactness • It has been subject to quarrying in the past. • The northern crater has been filled with a water reservoir and the flat grassed top near the summit car park has been converted into a playing field.

Character • It is largely grassed with a large section of mature vegetation along the base of the southern side and a distinct patch of pines on the western flank. • The terraced terrain is visible from afar.

Social Value • It is used predominantly for recreational purposes and & Status amenity reasons. • The road to the summit enables people to drive to the top for panoramic views.

Cultural / Was used as a pa and its flanks (particularly the eastern side) Tangata are covered in terraced house sites and food storage pits. Whenua Values

2. Significance of Origin Point

Type of View From a local road and coastal pedestrian promenade. Reference: Boffa Miskell, 2015 Identification Predominantly local viewing audience including drivers, and Nature of passengers, pedestrians, boat users and other who recreate the Viewing along the shore. Audience

Nature of the A continuous and transient view that extends for View approximately 1.5km along the coastal edge.

Distractions The wider panoramic view, the boats on the water and other road users (if driving when viewing).

3. View Quality

Memorability The scale of maunga from the origin point and the location of the origin point do not make this a particularly memorable view.

Shared For similar reasons to the above, the shared recognition / Recognition recall of this maunga would be limited to a local population /Recall who regularly use this water’s edge.

Orientation of The orientation of the view is off-centre however, for both View drivers, passengers and pedestrians, the context of the view (the upper estuary water and shores) contribute to drawing the viewer’s eye over to the maunga.

Proximity to The maunga is approximately 5.5km from the origin point. Cone

Clarity of The maunga is at a far distance from the viewing location and Expression the wide panoramic view includes other landforms which lessens the dominance of the maunga. While the maunga is identifiable as Maungarei / Mount Wellington is subsumed by its broader landscape context.

Uniqueness The context of the view is unique to the origin point but the view of Maungarei / Mount Wellington is not especially unique particularly as higher quality views can be viewed from locations closer to the maunga.

Contribution The significance of the potential viewshaft would be limited to to City those who live in or regularly frequent Buckland Beach (which is a comparably isolated peninsula of East Auckland)

4. Cumulative Value

Does this potential viewshaft have a visual connection with other:

Volcanic Yes. The grassed cone of Taurere / Taylors Hill is just visible cones from the viewing location but is not easily recognisable.

Volcanic No. features

Natural Yes. The upper Tamaki Estuary and Buckland’s Beach shore features sit below the viewshaft and contribute an important context. In a wider context, the cone represents the volcanic field of Auckland along a flat to gently sloping wider landscape.

Other features N/A

Sequential N/A. The view remains similar for the entire length of the connections origin point.

Part B – Overall Significance Part C - Not Applicable.

Overall, this potential viewshaft provides a distant view of Maungarei/Mount Wellington that is seen by a predominantly local viewing audience. The clarity of view is of a high quality (i.e. relatively free of fore-ground and mid-ground obstruction) and the composition against the Upper Tamaki Estuary and adjoining landscape provides a pleasant context. However, the undulating foreground landscape diminishes the stature of the cone itself. Combined with limited viewing audience would suggest that this is a local view and could withstand a reasonable amount of foreground development within existing zone/height controls.

The quantitative impact analysis further demonstrates that this viewshaft would reduce a developable volume of nearly 2,500,000m³. Considering that almost half of the viewshaft covers water, this volume is considerable and will affect the development potential of Tamaki (a key growth area). PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 9 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART A

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungarei / Mount Wellington Origin Point Glenbrae Reserve, 199A West Tamaki Road

(Existing viewshaft: W13)

IdentificationPart A Criteria DESCRIPTION EVALUATION OF VALUES OF VALUES

1. Significance of the Individual Cone

Physical stature • Maungarei / Mount Wellington has a well-defined singular cone form with a flattish top. At the crater rim it is 135m (ASL). • It is one of the most distinct and well-formed of the eastern cones in the volcanic field. • Its scoria cone is tallest from base to crest in the Auckland volcanic field. Because of this, it has a distinct overall form.

Social Value & • It is used predominantly for recreational purposes and amenity Status reasons. • The road to the summit enables people to drive to the top for panoramic views.

Cultural / Tangata Was used as a pa and its flanks (particularly the eastern side) are Whenua Values covered in terraced house sites and food storage pits.

2. Significance of Origin Point

Type of View The view is a single point, urban view located on a public road (local road) that overlooks a public park.

Identification and As a local road, the viewshafts can be experienced by a small Reference: Boffa Miskell, 2015 Nature of the number of drivers. It is opposite Sacred Heart College therefore it is Viewing Audience likely students and school-related pedestrians would recognise and appreciate the view.

Nature of the The origin point is defined by a singular point. View

Distractions • The road and other vehicles. • Built form elements in the fore and mid-ground, particularly along Laybourne Circle.

3. View Quality

Memorability The view is not memorable, partly due to the localness of the park and partly due to the distractions in the potential viewshaft itself.

Shared Shared recognition would be very low. This is a viewshaft Recognition experienced from a local neighbourhood park/green link. /Recall

Orientation of From the origin point, the potential viewshaft orientated at right View angles from the direction of passing vehicles (from both directions). If viewed from the park (away from the origin point), the view is in direct alignment with the linear shape and slope of the park.

Proximity to Cone The origin point is 3.5km from Maungarei / Mount Wellington.

Clarity of The cone is difficult to view due to an array of distracting fore and Expression mid-ground elements such as power poles, dwelling rooves and mature vegetation.

Uniqueness Not an especially unique view.

Contribution to Makes a very low contribution to the city overall. It is a typical view of City a number of volcanic cones experienced from public open space in wider Auckland.

4. Cumulative Value

Does this potential viewshaft have a visual connection with other:

Volcanic cones No.

Volcanic features No.

Natural features No.

Other features No.

Sequential No. connections

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 10 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART A

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungarei / Mount Wellington Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill Ohinerangi / Mount Hobson Origin Point West-bound traffic lane opposite 563 Pakuranga Road. (Existing viewshaft: W26) IdentificationPart A Criteria

DESCRIPTION EVALUATION OF VALUES OF VALUES

1. Significance of the Individual Cone

This is a unique view whereby FOUR volcanic cones are protected within one viewshaft (from a single origin point) • Maungarei / Mount Wellington is the closest (5.8km from the origin point) • Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill is the next closest ( 11.2km) • Ohinerangi / Mount Hobson is the third closest (11.5km) • Maungawhau / Mount Eden is the farthest (13.4km)

• Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill is the second largest cone. However, from this origin, the physical stature of the cone is barely visible.

• The top of Maungawhau / Mount Eden is just visible from the origin point.

• Ohinerangi, the smallest of the four, is difficult to view from the origin point.

Intactness All cones with the exception of Maungakiekie have been extensively modified due to quarrying and the insertion of water reservoirs.

Character • All cones share similar characteristics: typically grassed with mature trees located on the lower flanks or around the crater. Reference: Boffa Miskell, 2015 • In the instance of Maungkiekie, the 21m obelisk is faintly visible from afar.

Social Value & • Each cone has varying degrees of social value and status. All Status are used extensively for recreational purposes and provide considerabl local and district amenity. As two of the largest, Maungakiekie and Maungawhau provide a greater regional amenity.

• Maungakiekie is perhaps the most iconic of all four cones as a result of Sir John Logan Campbell’s various contributions.

Cultural / Tangata All maunga were pa sites and have been considerably terraced by Whenua Values early Maori and evidence of food storage pits exist on all maunga.

2. Significance of Origin Point

Type of View The view is transient, urban view located on a public road (the Origin Point is located on an arterial road).

Identification and • As an arterial road, the viewshaft can be experienced by a broad Nature of the number of drivers and pedestrians heading in a westerly Viewing Audience direction along Pakuranga Road. • The Panoramic view would be recognisable to a local or District Audience on a regular basis.

Nature of the The origin point is defined by a singular point (but the maunga can View be recognised and appreciated before and after this point is passed).

Distractions • Road and other vehicles. • Pedestrians • Built form and vegetation in the foreground and mid ground.

3. View Quality

Memorability The panoramic view of several maunga would be memorable to a Local or District audience.

Shared For similar reasons to the above, the shared recognition / recall of Recognition this maunga would be limited to a local population who regularly /Recall use this road.

Orientation of The cones are in direct view of drivers and pedestrians heading View west.

Proximity to Cone Refer above.

Clarity of The vegetation that runs along the street edge are a distraction to Expression the panoramic view. As the closest, Maungarei is the most visible and recognisable. The remaining three are difficult to recognise.

Uniqueness The composition provides a somewhat unique view of Auckland’s volcanic field.

Contribution to The significance of the potential viewshaft would be limited to those City who live in or regularly frequent East Auckland. In this regard, the viewshaft is considered to make a considerable contribution to the Eastern suburbs only.

4. Cumulative Value

Does this potential viewshaft have a visual connection with other:

Volcanic cones Yes. The four subject to the potential viewshaft.

Volcanic features N/A

Natural features No.

Other features No.

Sequential No. The view is almost a static view of the four maunga. connections

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY JUNE 2015 PROPOSED AUCKLAND UNITARY PLAN HEARING 020 - VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFTS

VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFTS MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PART B: SELECTION

The purpose of the selection stage is to take into consideration a wider range of considerations to determine which particular viewshafts should be progressed as protected viewshafts in the Unitary Plan and at what level of significance. This step would include consideration of the impact of individual viewshafts on other aspects of the Plan such as aspirations for growth.

1. Significance: • Consider whether the viewshaft is has significance at a Regional level, District level (if such a level existed ) or has local importance only. 12 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Te Ahi ka roa a Raka / Mount Albert / Owairaka

Origin Point 340 Mount Albert Road, Wesley (Existing viewshaft: A08)

QualitativePart B Assessment

SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL DISTRICT LOCAL

1. Origin point

2. Identity, Orientation and Amenity

Description of values • View significantly contributes to the identity of Auckland • The view contributes to the District identity; and • The view contributes to the local identity; and or is a gateway statement; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation to a local • View is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is enjoyed for amenity value. audience; and • View is enjoyed for amenity value. • Is enjoyed for amenity value.

3. Uniqueness

Description of values Viewshaft captures a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is not particularly unique or is a regular cone. cone field. occurrence in the area.

4. Clarity and recognisability

Description of values There is a high clarity of view, strong composition and a lack The view is recognisable and clear, but is affected by a The view is part of a wider background to a streetscape or of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of foreground clutter and activity

5. Viewing audience

Description of values View is regularly seen by a wide range of Aucklander’s as View is seen by a localised population of Aucklander’s and View is rarely seen by tourists or by the wider Auckland well as national and international tourists on a regular basis. occasionally by national visitors on a regular basis. population. Is seen predominantly by a local population.

6. Desire to see cone / Popularity

Description of values People make an effort to see the view and appreciate People appreciate seeing the view when they are travelling People appreciate the view as particularly special to them seeing the view when they are travelling around or around or experiencing the city. and their location experiencing the city.

7. Sensitivity

Description of values Viewshaft is highly sensitive to development Viewshaft integrity can be maintained despite a degree of Views can be maintained as a result of city design (road change or intensification layout, park location) and managed through standard building controls

The potential viewshaft is situated in line with Mount Albert Road. The origin point is also located on the road which doesn’t account for pedestrians. There are no public open spaces, Overall Qualitative commercial areas or opportunities to pause, recognise and appreciate the viewshaft. The overall quality of the view is considerably obscured by foreground vegetation, street furniture and Assessment built form, leaving only a small and not very well-distinguishable portion of the volcanic cone visible. The maunga is frequently visible to varying degrees whist travelling in the west-bound lane along the road. Taking this into account, the view is not especially unique or special.

Meets Local criteria Meets District criteria Meets Regional criteria

Quantitative Assessment Overall Combined Assessment ReferPart also B- Quantitative to A08 on following page

A08 VIEWSHAFT AREA (m²) Overall, this potential viewshaft provides a relatively discrete and distracted Total Area of Viewshaft 451,778 view of Owairaka / Mount Albert along a busy road. Compared with other views Zone experienced along Mount Albert Road specifically and other views in the vicinity, Mixed Housing Suburban 151,856 this is not an especially unique view.

Mixed Housing Urban 77,803 The quantitative assessment places a conservative estimate that approximately Neighbourhood Centre 2,253 28,000m³ of development potential is lost as a result of the viewshaft location. Public Open Space – Conservation 34,444

Public Open Space – Informal Recreation 12,515 Based on these factors, the viewshaft is assessed as being a local viewshaft.

Public Open Space – Sport and Active Recreation 684

Road 85,069 Overall Rank LOCAL Single House 62,490 Terrace Housing and Apartment Buildings 24,665

Total Areas Total Area of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 12,764

Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 28,184 (in m³)

Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 427

Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 31

Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 557,329 *Area of Open Space Affected: 95,960 Total Area of Properties Under Viewshaft (clipped to) 365,932

Total Area of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 125,240

Total Area of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 12,764

Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 28,184

Part B – Overall Significance Part C - N/A

Overall, this potential viewshaft provides a relatively discrete and distracted view of Owairaka / Mount Albert along a busy road. Compared with other views experienced along Mount Albert Road specifically and other views in the vicinity, this is not an especially unique view. PRELIMINARY The quantitative assessment places a conservative estimate that approximately 28,000m³ of development potential is lost as a result of the viewshaft location. CASE STUDY

Based on these factors, the viewshaft is assessed as being a local viewshaft.

OVERALL RANK LOCAL

13 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungawhau / Mount Eden

Origin Point South-bound lane, Onewa Road Off/On Ramp, SH1 (Existing viewshaft: E10)

QualitativePart B Assessment

SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL DISTRICT LOCAL

1. Origin point

Description of values Origin Point is widely recognised as significant to the city of Origin Point is known to a local population, (such as a large Origin point is known to a small community Part B Auckland local park, sports ground, arterial or main road or top of a hill (such as a local reserve or local street) (such as a key city park, State Highway or the top of a or cone e.g. Big King, Mt Hobson) nationally significant cone) SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL DISTRICT LOCAL 2. Identity, Orientation and Amenity 1. Origin point Description of values • View significantly contributes to the identity of Auckland • The view contributes to the District identity; and • The view contributes to the local identity; and Description of values Origin orPoint is a is gateway widely recognised statement; as and significant to the city of Origin Point• Is is important known to fora local wayfinding population, and (such navigation; as a large and Origin point is• knownIs important to a small for community wayfinding and navigation to a local Auckland• View is important for wayfinding and navigation; and local park,• Issports enjoyed ground, for arterialamenity or value. main road or top of a hill (such as a local audience;reserve or localand street) (such• Viewas a key is enjoyed city park, for State amenity Highway value. or the top of a or cone e.g. Big King, Mt Hobson) • Is enjoyed for amenity value. nationally significant cone) 3. Uniqueness 2. Identity, Orientation and Amenity Description of values Viewshaft captures a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is not particularly unique or is a regular Description of values • View significantly contributes to the identity of Auckland • The view contributes to the District identity; and • The view contributes to the local identity; and cone. cone field. occurrence in the area. or is a gateway statement; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation to a local • • 4. Clarity and recognisability View is important for wayfinding and navigation; and Is enjoyed for amenity value. audience; and • View is enjoyed for amenity value. • Is enjoyed for amenity value. Description of values There is a high clarity of view, strong composition and a lack The view is recognisable and clear, but is affected by a The view is part of a wider background to a streetscape or 3. Uniqueness of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of Description of values Viewshaft captures a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is notforeground particularly clutter unique and or isactivity a regular cone. cone field. occurrence in the area. 5. Viewing audience 4. Clarity and recognisability Description of values View is regularly seen by a wide range of Aucklanders as View is seen by a localised population of Aucklanders and View is rarely seen by tourists or by the wider Auckland Description of values Therewell is as a highnational clarity and of view,international strong composition tourists on and a regular a lack basis.The viewoccasionally is recognisable by nationaland clear, visitors but is affectedon a regular by a basis. The view is partpopulation. of a wider Is background seen predominantly to a streetscape by a local or population. of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of 6. Public Appreciation foreground clutter and activity

6.7. PublicSensitivity Appreciation

Description of of values values PeopleViewshaft make anis highlyeffort to sensitive see the viewto development and appreciate People appreciateViewshaft seeingintegrity the can view be when maintained they are despite travelling a degreePeople of appreciateView thecan view be maintained as particularly as speciala result to of them city design (road seeing the view when they are travelling around or around orchange experiencing or intensification the city. and their locationlayout, park location) and managed through standard experiencing the city. building controls

7. Sensitivity The potential viewshaft is on a nationally important motorway. While the view is only obtainable when driving, the length of the origin point enables the view to be experienced for a Overall Qualitative sufficient duration to allow drivers to intermittently recognise and appreciate the cone. The contrast of the natural landscape of Maungawhau /Mount Eden against the built form of the City DescriptionAssessment of values Viewshaft is highly sensitive to development Viewshaft integrity can be maintained despite a degree of View can be maintained as a result of city design (road Centre and Waitemata Harbour creates a distinct and memorable impression of Auckland. change or intensification layout, park location) and managed through standard building controls The potential viewshaft is on a nationally important motorway. While the view is only obtainable when driving, the length of the origin point enables the view to be experienced forMeets a Local criteria Overall Qualitative sufficient duration to allow drivers to intermittently recognise and appreciate the cone. The contrast of the natural landscape of Maungawhau /Mount Eden against the built form of the City Assessment Meets District criteria Centre and Waitemata Harbour creates a distinct and memorable impression of Auckland. Meets Regional criteria

Part B- Quantitative

QuantitativeE10 VIEWSHAFT Assessment AREA (M²) Overall Combined Assessment Part B- Quantitative ReferTotal also Area to Mapof Viewshaft E10 on following page 3,636,421

Zone E10 VIEWSHAFT AREA (M²)

TotalCity Centre Area of Viewshaft 3,636,421942,757 Overall, this potential viewshaft provides a wide audience with a distinct and memorable impression of Auckland. This viewshaft makes positive contribution to ZoneCoastal Transition 3,881 Auckland’ identity and relationship with our outstanding natural features. CityGeneral Centre Coastal Marine 942,757746,916

CoastalLight Industry Transition 3,88144,457 As the viewshafts cuts through the Central City, the lost development potential is high (>2,000,000m³). However, on balance with the attributes that it offers greater GeneralMixed Housing Coastal MarineSuburban 746,91617,827 Auckland these ‘costs’ can be balanced and tolerated. LightMixed Industry Use 44,457320,378 Mixed Housing Suburban 17,827 Mooring - Bayswater/Northcote 451,617 Mixed Use 320,378 Public Open Space - Civic Spaces 3,933 Overall Rank REGIONAL Mooring - Bayswater/Northcote 451,617 Public Open Space - Conservation 240,162 Public Open Space - Civic Spaces 3,933 Public Open Space - Informal Recreation 69,578 Public Open Space - Conservation 240,162 Public Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation 7,551 Public Open Space - Informal Recreation 69,578 Road 491,019 Public Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation 7,551 Single House 46,013 Road 491,019

SingleSpecial House Purpose 46,01346,758

SpecialStrategic Purpose Transport Corridor 46,758158,780

StrategicTown Centre Transport - Newton Corridor - Upper Symonds St 158,78044,793

TownTotal Centre Areas - Newton - Upper Symonds St 44,793

TotalTotal AreasArea of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 279,340

TotalTotal Area Volume of Zones of Zones Exceeding Lost By Viewshaft Viewshaft 279,3402,078,428 (in m³) Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 2,078,428 (in m³) Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 1,021 Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 1,021 Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 360 Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 360 Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 2,063,348 Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 2,063,348 Total Area of Properties Under Viewshaft (clipped to) 1,538,861 Total Area of Properties Under Viewshaft (clipped to) 1,538,861 Total Area of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 356,997 Total Area of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 356,997

PRELIMINARY

CASE STUDY

File Ref: A14190_A8_Viewshaft_Zone_Heights_40K.mxd

Area Where Underlying Zone Heights are Reduced by Viewshaft Reduced by 7 Metres Reduced by 6 Metres Reduced by 5 Metres Reduced by 4 Metres Reduced by 3 Metres Reduced by 2 Metres Reduced by 1 Metre No Reduction (Zone Height Equal to Viewshaft Height) Underlying Zone Height Less Than Viewshaft Plane HNZC Properties Impacted by Viewshaft Properties Impacted by Viewshaft HNZC Properties All or Paritally Under Viewshaft Properties All or Paritally Under Viewshaft LINZ and Eagle Technology

This graphic has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our 0 0.5 1 km HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts Clients use in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that partys own A8 Viewshaft Height to risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or ° obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed 1:40,000 @ A3 PAUP Zone Heights that it is accurate. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council Date: 08 June 2015 | Revision: 0 extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or any external source. (PAUP, Rates 2011), HNZC (properties), Boffa Miskell Plan Prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa File Ref: A14190_E10_Viewshaft_Zone_Heights_40K.mxd

Area Where Underlying Zone Heights are Reduced by Viewshaft Reduced by 26 to 27 Metres Reduced by 21 to 25 Metres Reduced by 16 to 20 Metres Reduced by 11 to 15 Metres Reduced by 6 to 10 Metres Reduced by 1 to 5 Metres No Reduction (Zone Height Equal to Viewshaft Height) Underlying Zone Height Less Than Viewshaft Plane HNZC Properties Impacted by Viewshaft Properties Impacted by Viewshaft HNZC Properties All or Paritally Under Viewshaft Properties All or Paritally Under Viewshaft LINZ and Eagle Technology

This graphic has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our 0 0.5 1 km HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts Clients use in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that partys own E10 Viewshaft Height to risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or ° obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed 1:40,000 @ A3 PAUP Zone Heights that it is accurate. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council Date: 08 June 2015 | Revision: 0 extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or any external source. (PAUP, Rates 2011), HNZC (properties), Boffa Miskell Plan Prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: XXx 16 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungawhau / Mount Eden

Origin Point Ngapipi Road /Tamaki Drive intersection (Existing viewshaft: E11)

QualitativePart B Assessment

SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL DISTRICT LOCAL

1. Origin point

Description of values • • • SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL View significantly contributes to the identity of AucklandDISTRICT The view contributes to the District identity; LOCALand The view contributes to the local identity; and or is a gateway statement; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation to a local 1. Origin point • View is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is enjoyed for amenity value. audience; and • View is enjoyed for amenity value. • Is enjoyed for amenity value. Description of values Origin Point is widely recognised as significant to the city of Origin Point is known to a local population, (such as a large Origin point is known to a small community 3. Uniqueness Auckland local park, sports ground, arterial or main road or top of a hill (such as a local reserve or local street) (such as a key city park, State Highway or the top of a or cone e.g. Big King, Mt Hobson) Description of values nationallyViewshaft significant captures cone) a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is not particularly unique or is a regular cone. cone field. occurrence in the area. 2. Identity, Orientation and Amenity

Description4. Clarity ofand values recognisability • View significantly contributes to the identity of Auckland • The view contributes to the District identity; and • The view contributes to the local identity; and or is a gateway statement; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation to a local Description of values There is a high clarity of view, strong composition and a lack The view is recognisable and clear, but is affected by a The view is part of a wider background to a streetscape or • View is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is enjoyed for amenity value. audience; and of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of • View is enjoyed for amenity value. • Is enjoyed for amenity value. foreground clutter and activity 3. Uniqueness 5. Viewing audience Description of values Viewshaft captures a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is not particularly unique or is a regular Description of values cone.View is regularly seen by a wide range of Aucklander’scone as field. View is seen by a localised population of Aucklander’soccurrence and in the area. View is rarely seen by tourists or by the wider Auckland well as national and international tourists on a regular basis. occasionally by national visitors on a regular basis. population. Is seen predominantly by a local population. 4. Clarity and recognisability

Description6. Desire toof valuessee cone / PopularityThere is a high clarity of view, strong composition and a lack The view is recognisable and clear, but is affected by a The view is part of a wider background to a streetscape or of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of Description of values People make an effort to see the view and enjoy appreciate People enjoy appreciate seeing the view whenforeground they are clutter and activiPeoplety enjoy the view as particularly special to them and seeing the view when they are travelling around or travelling around or experiencing the city. their location 5. Viewing audience experiencing the city. Description of values View is regularly seen by a wide range of Aucklander’s as View is seen by a localised population of Aucklander’s and View is rarely seen by tourists or by the wider Auckland 7. Sensitivity well as national and international tourists on a regular basis. occasionally by national visitors on a regular basis. population. Is seen predominantly by a local population.

6.Description Desire to see of conevalues / Popularity Viewshaft is highly sensitive to development Viewshaft integrity can be maintained despite a degree of View can be maintained as a result of city design (road change or intensification layout, park location) and managed through standard People make an effort to see the view and enjoy appreciate People enjoy appreciate seeing the view when they are People enjoy the view as particularly special to them and Description of values building controls seeing the view when they are travelling around or travelling around or experiencing the city. their location experiencingThe potential the city .viewshaft provides an opportunity to recognise and appreciate the eastern aspect of Maungawhau /Mount Eden from a key pedestrian/vehicle/cycling corridor. The 7.Overall Sensitivity Qualitative composition of the view alongside other maunga, the pohutukawa-clad coastal edges and the Hobson Bay in the foreground create a reasonably high quality view. Foreground elements Assessment such as traffic signs and streetlamps create a noticeable distraction within the view. However, as a sectional view, these elements disappear (and appear) from view as the viewer Description of values Viewshaftprogresses. is highly sensitive to development Viewshaft integrity can be maintained despite a degree of View can be maintained as a result of city design (road change or intensification layout, park location) and managed through standard building controls Meets Local criteria The potential viewshaft provides an opportunity to recognise and appreciate the eastern aspect of Maungawhau /Mount Eden from a key pedestrian/vehicle/cycling corridor. The Overall Qualitative composition of the view alongside other maunga, the pohutukawa-clad coastal edges and the Hobson Bay in the foreground create a reasonably high quality view. Foreground elements Meets District criteria PartAssessment B- Quantitative such as traffic signs and streetlamps create a noticeable distraction within the view. However, as a sectional view, these elements disappear (and appear) from view as the viewer Meets Regional criteria progresses.

E11 VIEWSHAFT AREA (m²) Quantitative Assessment Overall Combined Assessment PartTotal B -Area Quantitative of Viewshaft 2,256,474 Refer also to E11 on following page Zone E11 VIEWSHAFT AREA (m²) Coastal Transition 3,831 Overall, this potential viewshaft provides a quality view of Maungawhau / Mount Total Area of Viewshaft 2,256,474 General Coastal Marine 370,011 Eden and forms an important sequence of natural features along a well-used Zone transit corridor. The quality of the view is reasonably high although some built Marina 70,604 Coastal Transition 3,831 form and vegetation growth will need to be managed. GeneralMetropolitan Coastal Centre Marine - Newmarket 370,011 133,489

MarinaMixed Housing Suburban 70,604 91,313 The extent of quantitative impact is just under 6,000,000m³ which is a considerable loss. This loss is primarily felt in the Newmarket area. MetropolitanMixed Use Centre - Newmarket 133,489 113,069 MixedMooring Housing - Hobson Suburban Bay 91,313 1,086 Despite the quantitative impact this is a recognisable and relatively unique view Mixed Use 113,069 Public Open Space - Civic Spaces 1,631 from a well-travelled corridor. On this basis, it is considered to be a District Mooring - Hobson Bay 1,086 viewshaft. Public Open Space - Conservation 253,480 Public Open Space - Civic Spaces 1,631 Public Open Space - Informal Recreation 99,574 Public Open Space - Conservation 253,480 Overall Rank DISTRICT

PublicPublic Open Open Space Space - Informal - Sport Recreation and Active Recreation 99,574 29,140

PublicRoad Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation 29,140 269,911

RoadSingle House 269,911 565,936

SingleSpecial House Purpose 565,936 41,376 Special Purpose 41,376 Special Purpose - Mercy Hospital (Auckland) 30,221 Special Purpose - Mercy Hospital (Auckland) 30,221 Strategic Transport Corridor 61,588 Strategic Transport Corridor 61,588 Terrace Housing and Apartment Buildings 118,981 Terrace Housing and Apartment Buildings 118,981 Water 1,234 Water 1,234

TotalTotal Areas Areas

TotalTotal Area Area of ofZones Zones Exceeding Exceeding Viewshaft Viewshaft 204,552 204,552

TotalTotal Volume Volume of ofZones Zones Lost Lost By Viewshaft By Viewshaft 5,974,1245,974,124 (in m³) (in m³) Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 1,101 Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 1,101 Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 172 Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 172 Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 1,976,346 Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 1,976,346 Total Area of Properties Under Viewshaft (clipped to) 1,549,005 Total Area of Properties Under Viewshaft (clipped to) 1,549,005 Total Area of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 390,404 Total Area of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 390,404 PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY

17 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Rangitoto

Origin Point Front Steps of Auckland War Memorial Museum (Existing viewshaft: T01)

QualitativePart B Assessment

SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL DISTRICT LOCAL

1. Origin point

2. Identity, Orientation and Amenity

3. Uniqueness

4. Clarity and recognisability

5. Viewing audience

Description of values View is regularly seen by a wide range of Aucklanders as View is seen by a localised population of Aucklanders and View is rarely seen by tourists or by the wider Auckland well as national and international tourists on a regular basis. occasionally by national visitors on a regular basis. population. Is seen predominantly by a local population.

6. Desire to see cone / Popularity

Description of values People make an effort to see the view and appreciate People appreciate seeing the view when they are travelling People enjoy the view as particularly special to them and seeing the view when they are travelling around or around or experiencing the city. their location experiencing the city.

7. Sensitivity

Description of values Viewshaft is highly sensitive to development Viewshaft integrity can be maintained despite a degree of View can be maintained as a result of city design (road change or intensification layout, park location) and managed through standard building controls

Overall, the potential viewshaft is one of the most iconic and visually meaningful views in Auckland. It is a popular destination point where people congregate specifically to appreciate the view which is made even more poignant with the context of Maungauika / North Head and the water of the Hauraki Gulf. Overall Qualitative Assessment As a note, it is acknowledged that the growth of trees is slowly eroding the views from the single origin point. The single point origin misrepresents the nature of views available from the Museum and the way in which people engage with those views. Therefore, the origin point should be re-examined to reflect an average human eye height and the viewing location altered to a location/s from which the key intended features can be most easily recognised and appreciated. Meets Local criteria Meets District criteria Meets Regional criteria

Quantitative Assessment Overall Combined Assessment ReferPart also B- Quantitative to T01 on following page

T01 VIEWSHAFT AREA (m²) Total Area of Viewshaft 22,410,761 Overall, this potential viewshaft is one of the most iconic and visually meaningful Zone views in Auckland. The viewshaft has a long legacy and association with the Museum. It is a popular destination point where people congregate specifically City Centre 38,706 to appreciate the view which is made even more poignant with the context of Coastal Transition 12,514 Maungauika / North Head and the waters of the Hauraki Gulf. While the origin General Coastal Marine 12,881,576 point is not as accurate as it could be (and it is requested that this be reviewed), in Hauraki Gulf Islands 8,020,886 its current format, this viewshaft is of an overall high quality. Mixed Housing Suburban 27,274

Mixed Housing Urban 24,362 The quantitative analysis demonstrates that approximately 600,000m² of development volume is lost as a result of this viewshaft. Compared with other Mixed Use 30,217 viewshafts of regional significance, this is low number. This combined with the Mooring - Devonport East 224,667 quantitative assessment determines that a regional ranking will protect an iconic Neighbourhood Centre 7,291 view without extensively hindering the growth of Auckland. Public Open Space - Conservation 124,880 Public Open Space - Informal Recreation 114,401 Public Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation 86,311 Overall Rank REGIONAL Road 209,230

Single House 512,308

Strategic Transport Corridor 19,312

Terrace Housing and Apartment Buildings 58,123

Town Centre - Parnell 18,702

Total Areas Total Area of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 96,996 Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 621,336 (in m³) Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 997 Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 35 Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 2,457,048 Total Area of Properties Under Viewshaft (clipped to) 1,011,694 Total Area of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft (area of Domain: 857,027 747,816)

PRELIMINARY

Part B – Overall Significance CASE STUDY

Overall, this potential viewshaft is one of the most iconic and visually meaningful views in Auckland. The viewshaft has a long legacy and association with the Museum. It is a popular destination point where people congregate specifically to appreciate the view which is made even more poignant with the context of Maungauika / North Head and the waters of the Hauraki Gulf. While the origin point is not as accurate as it could be (and it is requested that this be reviewed), in its current format, this viewshaft is of an overall high quality.

The quantitative analysis demonstrates that approximately 600,000m² of development volume is lost as a result of this viewshaft. Compared with other viewshafts of regional significance, this is low number. This combined with the quantitative assessment determines that a regional ranking will protect an iconic view without extensively hindering the growth of Auckland.

OVERALL RANK REGIONAL

Part C

Composition

• Are of Hauraki Gulf that sits below the maunga. • Ports • Foreground elements of the Auckland Domain including grass slopes and mature trees.

Key Elements

•

File Ref: A14190_E11_Viewshaft_Zone_Heights_40K.mxd

Area Where Underlying Zone Heights are Reduced by Viewshaft Reduced by 51 to 52 Metres Reduced by 46 to 50 Metres Reduced by 41 to 45 Metres Reduced by 36 to 40 Metres Reduced by 31 to 35 Metres Reduced by 21 to 22 Metres Reduced by 16 to 20 Metres Reduced by 11 to 15 Metres Reduced by 6 to 10 Metres Reduced by 1 to 5 Metres No Reduction (Zone Height Equal to Viewshaft Height) Underlying Zone Height Less Than Viewshaft Plane Properties Impacted by Viewshaft Properties All or Paritally Under Viewshaft LINZ and Eagle Technology

This graphic has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our 0 0.5 1 km HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts Clients use in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that partys own E11 Viewshaft Height to risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or ° obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed 1:40,000 @ A3 PAUP Zone Heights that it is accurate. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council Date: 08 June 2015 | Revision: 0 extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or any external source. (PAUP, Rates 2011), HNZC (properties), Boffa Miskell Plan Prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: XXx File Ref: A14190_T1_Viewshaft_Properties_Zone_Heights.mxd

Rangitoto Takapuna

Devonport

Area Where Underlying Zone Heights are Reduced by Viewshaft Reduced 51 to 410 Metres Reduced 46 to 50 Metres Reduced 41 to 45 Metres Reduced 36 to 40 Metres Reduced 31 to 35 Metres Reduced 26 to 30 Metres Reduced 21 to 25 Metres Reduced 16 to 20 Metres Ponsonby Reduced 11 to 15 Metres Reduced 6 to 10 Metres Mission Bay Reduced 1 to 5 Metres No Reduction (Zone Height Equal to Viewshaft Height) Underlying Zone Height Less Than Viewshaft Plane Properties Impacted by Viewshaft Properties All or Paritally Under Viewshaft Volcanic Viewshafts

This graphic has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our 0 0.5 1 km HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts Clients use in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that partys own T1 Viewshaft Height to risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or ° obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed 1:40,000 @ A3 PAUP Zone Heights that it is accurate. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council Date: 05 June 2015 | Revision: 0 extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or any external source. (PAUP, Rates 2011), HNZC (properties), Boffa Miskell Plan Prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa 20 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT This quantity balanced against the quality of the view would suggest that this view be ranked as a local view. Volcanic Cone Maungarei / Mount Wellington OVERALL RANK LOCAL Origin Point Pedestrian footpath between 18 - 83 The Parade, Bucklands Beach

(Existing viewshaft: W12) This quantity balanced against the quality of the view would suggest that this view be ranked as a local view. QualitativePart B - qualitative Assessment OVERALL RANK LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL DISTRICT LOCAL

1. Origin point

1.Description Origin point of values • View significantly contributes to the identity of Auckland • The view contributes to the District identity; and • The view contributes to the local identity; and or is a gateway statement; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation to a local Description of values Origin Point is widely recognised as significant to the city of Origin Point is known to a local population, (such as a large Origin point is known to a small community • • Auckland View is important for wayfinding and navigation; andlocal park, sports Is enjoyed ground, for arterial amenity or main value. road or top of a hill (such as a local reserveaudience; or local and street) (such• asView a key is cityenjoyed park, Statefor amenity Highway value. or the top of a or cone e.g. Big King, Mt Hobson) • Is enjoyed for amenity value. nationally significant cone) 3. Uniqueness 2. Identity, Orientation and Amenity Description of values Viewshaft captures a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is not particularly unique or is a regular Description of values • Viewcone. significantly contributes to the identity of Auckland • The viewcone contributes field. to the District identity; and • The view contributesoccurrence to the in local the area.identity; and or is a gateway statement; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation to a local 4. Clarity and recognisability• View is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is enjoyed for amenity value. audience; and • View is enjoyed for amenity value. • Is enjoyed for amenity value. Description of values There is a high clarity of view, strong composition and a lack The view is recognisable and clear, but is affected by a The view is part of a wider background to a streetscape or 3. Uniqueness of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity. is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of foreground clutter and activity Description of values Viewshaft captures a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is not particularly unique or is a regular 5. Viewing audience cone. cone field. occurrence in the area.

4.Description Clarity and of recognisability values View is regularly seen by a wide range of Aucklander’s as View is seen by a localised population of Aucklander’s and View is rarely seen by tourists or by the wider Auckland Description of values Therewell is aas high national clarity andof view, international strong composition tourists on and a aregular lack basis.The view isoccasionally recognisable by and national clear, but visitors is affected on a regularby a basis. The view is part population.of a wider background Is seen predominantly to a streetscape by or a local population. of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity. is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of 6. Desire to see cone / Popularity foreground clutter and activity

5.Description Viewing audience of values People make an effort to see the view and appreciate People appreciate seeing the view when they are travelling People appreciate the view as particularly special to them seeing the view when they are travelling around or around or experiencing the city. and their location Description of values Viewexperiencing is regularly seen the bycity a. wide range of Aucklander’s as View is seen by a localised population of Aucklander’s and View is rarely seen by tourists or by the wider Auckland well as national and international tourists on a regular basis. occasionally by national visitors on a regular basis. population. Is seen predominantly by a local population. 7. Sensitivity 6. Desire to see cone / Popularity Viewshaft is highly sensitive to development Viewshaft integrity can be maintained despite a degree of View can be maintained as a result of city design (road DescriptionDescription of ofvalues values People make an effort to see the view and appreciate People appreciate seeing the view when they are travelling People appreciate the view as particularly special to them seeing the view when they are travelling around or around or changeexperiencing or intensification the city. and their locationlayout, park location) and managed through standard experiencing the city. building controls

7. Sensitivity The origin point is a 1.5km section of coastal promenade in Buckland’s Beach and the view is an expansive panorama that includes a number of natural features, predominantly the upper Overall Qualitative Tamaki Estuary and the Glen Innes/Glendowie landform. The overall view would most likely be enjoyed most often by a local audience although it can be assumed that a number of DescriptionAssessment of values ViewshaftAucklanders is highly would sensitive also to appreciatedevelopment the overall view whilstViewshaft using theintegrity beach. can However,be maintained the despitepotential a degreeviewshaft of towardsView the canmaunga be maintained does not as in a itself result stand of city out design as the (road defining feature of the landscape. The distance of the cone from the shore, thechange number or intensification of viewers anticipated also reduces its overall impact.layout, park location) and managed through standard building controls Meets Local criteria The origin point is a 1.5km section of coastal promenade in Buckland’s Beach and the view is an expansive panorama that includes a number of natural features, predominantly the upper Overall Qualitative Tamaki Estuary and the Glen Innes/Glendowie landform. The overall view would most likely be enjoyed most often by a local audience although it can be assumed that a number of Meets District criteria Assessment Aucklanders would also appreciate the overall view whilst using the beach. However, the potential viewshaft towards the maunga does not in itself stand out as the defining feature of the Part B- Quantitative landscape. The distance of the cone from the shore, the number of viewers anticipated also reduces its overall impact. Meets Regional criteria

QuantitativeW12 VIEWSHAFT Assessment AREA (m²) Overall Combined Assessment ReferPartTotal also B- Area Quantitative to W12 of Viewshaft on following page 5,961,474

Zone W12 VIEWSHAFT AREA (m²) Coastal Transition 10,912 Overall, this potential viewshaft provides a distant view of Maungarei/Mount Total Area of Viewshaft 5,961,474 Wellington that is seen by a predominantly local viewing audience. The clarity General Coastal Marine 3,263,465 Zone of view is of a high quality (i.e. relatively free of fore-ground and mid-ground

CoastalLight Industry Transition 10,912389,113 obstruction) and the composition against the Upper Tamaki Estuary and adjoining landscape provides a pleasant context. However, the undulating foreground GeneralMixed HousingCoastal Marine Suburban 3,263,465384,216 landscape diminishes the stature of the cone itself. Combined with limited viewing LightMixed Industry Use 389,113108,935 audience would suggest that this is a local view and could withstand a reasonable MixedMooring Housing - Bucklands Suburban Beach A 384,21658,755 amount of foreground development within existing zone/height controls. Mixed Use 108,935 Mooring - Bucklands Beach B 79,717 The quantitative impact analysis further demonstrates that this viewshaft would Mooring - Bucklands Beach A 58,755 Mooring - Pakuranga 118,974 reduce a developable volume of nearly 2,500,000m³. Considering that almost Mooring - Bucklands Beach B 79,717 Neighbourhood Centre 1,230 half of the viewshaft covers water, this volume is considerable and will affect the Mooring - Pakuranga 118,974 development potential of Tamaki (a key growth area). Public Open Space - Conservation 248,168 Neighbourhood Centre 1,230 Public Open Space - Informal Recreation 393,878 This quantity balanced against the quality of the view would suggest that this view Public Open Space - Conservation 248,168 be ranked as a local view. Public Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation 163,772 Public Open Space - Informal Recreation 393,878

PublicRoad Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation 163,772319,762 RoadSingle House 319,76221,357 Overall Rank LOCAL SingleSpecial House Purpose 21,35756,181

SpecialStrategic Purpose Transport Corridor 56,18129,178

StrategicTerrace Transport Housing Corridorand Apartment Buildings 29,178313,862

TerraceTotal Areas Housing and Apartment Buildings 313,862 Total Areas Total Area of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 350,168 Total Area of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 350,168 Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 2,452,248 (in m³) Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 2,452,248 (in m³) Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 765 Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 765 Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 174 Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 174 Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 2,981,943 Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 2,981,943

TotalTotal Area Area of ofProperties Properties Under Under Viewshaft Viewshaft (clipped (clipped to) to) 2,113,3752,113,375

TotalTotal Ar Areaea of ofProperties Properties Impacted Impacted by Vie bywshaft Viewshaft 630,488630,488

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 21 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungarei / Mount Wellington

Origin Point Glenbrae Reserve, 199A West Tamaki Road (Existing viewshaft: W13)

QualitativePart B Assessment

SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL DISTRICT LOCAL

1. Origin point

1.Description Origin point of values • View significantly contributes to the identity of Auckland • The view contributes to the District identity; and • The view contributes to the local identity; and Description of values Origin Pointor is is a widelygateway recognised statement; as significant and to the city of Origin Point• is Isknown important to a local for population,wayfinding (such and navigation;as a large andOrigin point is known• toIs aimportant small community for wayfinding and navigation to a local Auckland• View is important for wayfinding and navigation; andlocal park, sports• Is enjoyedground, arterialfor amenity or main value. road or top of a hill (such as a local reserveaudience; or local street) and (such• asView a key is city enjoyed park, State for amenity Highway value. or the top of a or cone e.g. Big King, Mt Hobson) • Is enjoyed for amenity value. nationally significant cone) 3. Uniqueness 2. Identity, Orientation and Amenity Description of values Viewshaft captures a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is not particularly unique or is a regular Description of values • View significantly contributes to the identity of Auckland • The view contributes to the District identity; and • The view contributes to the local identity; and cone. cone field. occurrence in the area. or is a gateway statement; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is important for wayfinding and navigation to a local 4. Clarity and recognisability• View is important for wayfinding and navigation; and • Is enjoyed for amenity value. audience; and • View is enjoyed for amenity value. • Is enjoyed for amenity value. Description of values There is a high clarity of view, strong composition and a lack The view is recognisable and clear, but is affected by a The view is part of a wider background to a streetscape or 3. Uniqueness of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of Description of values Viewshaft captures a particularly unique composition of the Viewshaft contributes to a wider cumulative appreciation of the The view is not particularlyforeground unique clutter or is anda regular activity cone. cone field. occurrence in the area. 5. Viewing audience 4. Clarity and recognisability Description of values View is regularly seen by a wide range of Aucklander’s as View is seen by a localised population of Aucklander’s and View is rarely seen by tourists or by the wider Auckland Description of values Therewell is aas high national clarity ofand view, international strong composition tourists andon aa regularlack Thebasis. view is occasionallyrecognisable andby nationalclear, but visitors is affected on bya regular a basis.The view is part of population.a wider background Is seen to predominantly a streetscape or by a local population. of foreground distraction moderate degree of foreground clutter and activity is a ‘surprise composition’ or affected by a high degree of 6. Desire to see cone / Popularity foreground clutter and activity

5.Description Viewing audience of values People make an effort to see the view and appreciate People appreciate seeing the view when they are travelling People appreciate the view as particularly special to them Description of values Viewseeing is regularly the viewseen whenby a wide they range are travellingof Aucklander’s around as or View is seenaround by a localised or experiencing population the of Aucklander’s city. and View is rarely seenand by tourists their location or by the wider Auckland well experiencingas national and the international city. tourists on a regular basis. occasionally by national visitors on a regular basis. population. Is seen predominantly by a local population.

6.7. Desire Sensitivity to see cone / Popularity

DescriptionDescription of of values values PeopleViewshaft make an is e fforthighly to seesensitive the view to anddevelopment appreciate People appreciateViewshaft seeing integrity the view can when be maintainedthey are travelling despite a degreePeople of appreciate theView view can as be particularly maintained special as ato result them of city design (road seeing the view when they are travelling around or around or experiencing the city. and their location change or intensification layout, park location) and managed through standard experiencing the city. building controls 7. Sensitivity Overall Qualitative The origin point is close to a public open space (which is often preferred) but the overall quality of the view is diminished by a number of competing and distracting foreground and mid- DescriptionAssessment of values Viewshaftground is highlyelements. sensitive The to compilation development of local reserve withViewshaft low quality integrity views can means be maintained that the despite viewshaft a degree would of best serveView a canvery be localised maintained population. as a result of city design (road change or intensification layout, park location) and managed through standard building controls Meets Local criteria Overall Qualitative The origin point is close to a public open space (which is often preferred) but the overall quality of the view is diminished by a number of competing and distracting foreground and mid- Assessment ground elements. The compilation of local reserve with low quality views means that the viewshaft would best serve a very localised population. Meets District criteria Meets Regional criteria Part B- Quantitative

Quantitative Assessment Overall Combined Assessment PartW13 B VIEWSHAFT- Quantitative AREA (m²) Refer also to W13 on following page Total Area of Viewshaft 1,069,608 W13 VIEWSHAFT AREA (m²) Zones Overall, this potential viewshaft provides a relatively small view of Maungarei / Total Area of Viewshaft 1,069,608 Light Industry 376,441 Mount Wellington along a local road and park space. Compared with other views Zones Mixed Housing Suburban 55,667 experienced along Mount Albert Road specifically and other views in the vicinity, Light Industry 376,441 this is not an especially unique or important view. Mixed Use 2,335 Mixed Housing Suburban 55,667 Public Open Space - Community 1,599 Mixed Use 2,335 The quantitative assessment demonstrates that >1,700,000 of developable volume will be lost as a result of this potential viewshaft. This, balanced with the low PublicPublic Open Open Space Space - Community - Conservation 1,599 176,393 quality of view, would suggest that this viewshafts be ranked as a local viewshaft. PublicPublic Open Open Space Space - Conservation - Informal Recreation 176,393 74,128

PublicRoad Open Space - Informal Recreation 74,128 147,325

RoadSingle House 147,325 4,149 Single House 4,149 Special Purpose 26,903 Overall Rank LOCAL Special Purpose 26,903 Total Areas Total Areas Total Area of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 245,544 Total Area of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 245,544 Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 1,743,020 (in m³) Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 1,743,020 (in m³) Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 325 Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 325

TotalTotal Number Number of ofProperties Properties Impacted Impacted by Viewshaft by Viewshaft 126 126

TotalTotal Area Area of of Properties Properties That That Intersect Intersect Viewshaft Viewshaft 1,497,5581,497,558

TotalTotal Area Area of of Properties Properties Under Under Viewshaft Viewshaft (clipped (clipped to) to) 900,792 900,792

TotalTotal A Arearea of of Properties Properties Impacted Impacted by V byiewshaft Viewshaft 499,478 499,478

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY

File Ref: A14190_W12_Viewshaft_Zone_Heights_40K.mxd

Area Where Underlying Zone Heights are Reduced by Viewshaft Reduced by 13 Metres Reduced by 12 Metres Reduced by 10 Metres Reduced by 9 Metres Reduced by 8 Metres Reduced by 7 Metres Reduced by 6 Metres Reduced by 5 Metres Reduced by 4 Metres Reduced by 3 Metres Reduced by 2 Metres Reduced by 1 Metre No Reduction (Zone Height Equal to Viewshaft Height) Underlying Zone Height Less Than Viewshaft Plane HNZC Properties Impacted by Viewshaft Properties Impacted by Viewshaft HNZC Properties All or Paritally Under Viewshaft Properties All or Paritally Under Viewshaft LINZ and Eagle Technology

This graphic has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our 0 0.5 1 km HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts Clients use in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that partys own W12 Viewshaft Height to risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or ° obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed 1:40,000 @ A3 PAUP Zone Heights that it is accurate. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council Date: 08 June 2015 | Revision: 0 extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or any external source. (PAUP, Rates 2011), LINZ (cadastre), HNZC (properties), Plan Prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Boffa Miskell Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: XXx File Ref: A14190_W13_Viewshaft_Zone_Heights_40K.mxd

This graphic has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our 0 0.5 1 km HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts Clients use in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that partys own W13 Viewshaft Height to risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or ° obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed 1:40,000 @ A3 PAUP Zone Heights that it is accurate. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council Date: 08 June 2015 | Revision: 0 extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or any external source. (PAUP, Rates 2011), LINZ (cadastre), HNZC (properties), Plan Prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Boffa Miskell Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: XXx 24 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

POTENTIAL VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFT

Volcanic Cone Maungarei / Mount Wellington Ohinerangi / Mount Hobson Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill Maungawhau / Mount Eden

Origin Point West-bound traffic lane opposite 563 Pakuranga Road. (Existing viewshaft: W26)

QualitativePart B Assessment

SIGNIFICANCE REGIONAL DISTRICT LOCAL

1. Origin point

2. Identity, Orientation and Amenity

3. Uniqueness

4. Clarity and recognisability

5. Viewing audience

6. Desire to see cone / Popularity

Description of values People make an effort to see the view and enjoy appreciate People enjoy appreciate seeing the view when they are People enjoy the view as particularly special to them and seeing the view when they are travelling around or travelling around or experiencing the city. their location experiencing the city.

7. Sensitivity

Overall Qualitative The potential viewshaft represents a unique perspective of the Auckland Volcanic Field. However, other components of the view such as the location of the origin point and the extensive Assessment obstruction by foreground and mid-ground vegetation lessens the quality of the view.

Meets Local criteria Meets District criteria Meets Regional criteria

Quantitative Assessment Overall Combined Assessment ReferPart Balso- Quantitative to W26 on following page

W26 VIEWSHAFT AREA (m²) Total Area of Viewshaft 14,980,251 Overall, this potential viewshaft provides a unique view of four volcanic cones Zone within Auckland’s large Volcanic Field and can be recognised and appreciated by Business Park 62,258 a district-level audience along an arterial route. For these reasons, the potential Coastal Transition 4,473 viewshaft has merits. However, the foreground and mid-ground elements distract General Business 81,407 the viewer to the extent that views of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill and Ohinerangi General Coastal Marine 921,479 / Mount Hobson are largely obscured. Light Industry 919,713 Local Centre- Stonefields 20,974 The quantitative analysis shows that >3,000,000m³ will be reduced as a result Local Centre - Market Road 1,025 of the viewshafts. However, the viewshaft provides views to four cones so on Mixed Housing Suburban 4,147,107 balance, this quantity is seen as appropriate. Mixed Housing Urban 791,291

Mixed Use 466,208

Mooring - Panmure North A 67,395 Overall, this potential viewshaft would sit at a district level. Neighbourhood Centre 17,902 Public Open Space - Community 13,099 Overall Rank DISTRICT Public Open Space - Conservation 623,332 Public Open Space - Informal Recreation 1,177,719

Public Open Space - Sport and Active Recreation 619,458

Road 2,081,849

Single House 1,027,688

Special Purpose 702,063

Special Purpose - Ellerslie Racecourse and Event centre 300 Strategic Transport Corridor 223,996 Terrace Housing and Apartment Buildings 741,658 Town Centre - Ellerslie 23,275 Town Centre - Highland Park 54,226

Town Centre - Panmure 154,689

Town Centre - Remuera 34,777

Water 893 Totals Total Area of Zones Exceeding Viewshaft 318,960 Total Volume of Zones Lost By Viewshaft 3,126,864 (in m³) Total Number of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 8,637

Total Number of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 341

Total Area of Properties That Intersect Viewshaft 15,829,390

Total Area of Properties Under Viewshaft (clipped to) 11,663,919 Total Area of Properties Impacted by Viewshaft 853,405

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY

File Ref: A14190_W26_Viewshaft_Zone_Heights_40K.mxd

This graphic has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our 0 0.5 1 km HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts Clients use in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that partys own W26 Viewshaft Height to risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or ° obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed 1:40,000 @ A3 PAUP Zone Heights that it is accurate. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council Date: 04 June 2015 | Revision: 0 extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or any external source. (PAUP, Rates 2011), HNZC (properties), Boffa Miskell Plan Prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: XXx 26 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

OVERALL RANKING OF VIEWSHAFTS

REGIONALLY SIGNIFICANT VIEWSHAFTS MANAGED BY T01 VIEWSHAFT FRAMEWORK E10 PART C

DISTRICT SIGNIFICANT VIEWSHAFTS MANAGED BY E11 VIEWSHAFT FRAMEWORK W26 PART C

LOCALLY SIGNIFICANT VIEWSHAFTS NOT MANAGED BY A08 VIEWSHAFT FRAMEWORK W12 PART C W13

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 27 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 28 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART B

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY JUNE 2015 PROPOSED AUCKLAND UNITARY PLAN HEARING 020 - VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFTS

VOLCANIC VIEWSHAFTS MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK PART C: MANAGEMENT

The purpose of this stage is to clearly define and describe the ‘essence of the view’ so that there is clarity about viewshaft management and how the identified qualities of the selected viewshaft can be protected.

Methods (Capturing the Essence) • Identify Key Features: within the view to be retained / protected • Composition: Qualitative assessment of the view composition and why it is special / significant • Elements: Identify elements which are able to accept further change without impacting the essence of the view to be protected

Tools (Documenting): • Photograph: From viewpoint origin, taken in good visibility following best practice, within set parameters. • Annotated Drawing: Illustrative drawing or annotated photograph detailing assessment above (key features, composition, etc.) • GIS Map: Demonstrating relationship of viewshaft to ground contours, 3D showing viewshaft plane • Viewshaft Management Register: A collection of all the information about each viewshaft into a single document, available to the public as an Appendix to the AUP. 30 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

Viewshaft T01 REGIONAL Rangitoto ONF DESCRIPTION Rangitoto Island perhaps the most iconic landform in the Auckland region. It is the youngest and largest volcano in the Auckland volcanic field and has an uneroded lava surface formed from numerous a`a lava flows covering approximately 23 km2. The summit consists of several scoria mounds, with a main central scoria cone containing a 60 m deep crater. Recent research has confirmed that Rangitoto volcano is the result of two separate eruptions, which may have occurred as long as several decades apart. A cone to the north of the main summit cone was formed during the earlier eruption.

File Ref: A14190_T1_ONFs.mxd d r i h t

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HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts 0 1 2 km ° T1 Viewshaft and Outstanding Natural Features 1:65,000 @ A4 Date: 05 June 2015 | Revision: 0

Data Sources: Auckland Council (Aerials, PAUP) Plan prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa

Frame of viewshaft and annoted drawing

Reference: Boffa Miskell Limited, 2015

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 31 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

3D viewshaft plane

ORIGIN POINT Location Front steps of the Auckland War Memorial Museum

Description The single point origin point is located on the upper steps of the Auckland War Memorial Museum (which is itself located on a volcanic cone). The site is a popular tourism destination and provides expansive views of the Hauraki Gulf, City Centre, Ports, Parnell and Rangitoto.

GPS coordinates PT Mt Eden Circuit Height (AGL) NZ Map Grid Northing Easting Northing Easting 1 701987.11 301188.04 80.07(1.5mAGL) 6480860.86 2668915.89 2 711446.65 306709.29 -154.22 6490205.97 2674630.35 3 708779.06 309780.86 -154.22 6487475.74 2677646.81

Map reference: PAUP, 2015

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 32 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

VIEW COMPOSITION

Key Elements Background • A slither of Motutapu Island to the right of the frame.

Mid Ground • The central portion of Rangitoto and the eastern flank • Maungauika / North Head located in the middle fo the frame directly below the centre of Rangitoto • The Waitemata Harbour

Fore-Ground • Mature trees (Pohutukawa) of the Domain • Trees and other vegetation beyond the Domain boundary

Directly outside of the viewshaft • The plaza area. lamps and steps in from of the Auckland War Memorial Museum. • Grassed area • Parked cars and the Domain Drive

Composition & Use • The view is comprised of a number of elements identified above. In this instance, the view is about the composition and juxtapostion of the elements of the origin point (the Pohutukawa, the plaza and lamps) and that of the volcanic cone (inlcuding Rangititoto, Motutapu and Maungauika North Head) • The key component of the view is the central dip as it contains the key elements of Rangitoto, North Head and the Harbour. Ensuring that there are no inervening elements piercing through this area will retain the ‘visual breathing space’ that is provided by thie dip. • The edges of the viewshaft frame could accomodate future development (provided it is sensitive to the context). In particular, built form behind the Pohutukawa could occur withour compromising the view.

Annotated drawing:

Wide line - general area Dotted area - Volcanic cone Dashed line: Extent that can tolerate area where any intrusions of viewshafts or obstructions should be Narrow line - areas that avoided. can accommodate some built form.

Waitemata Harbour Maungauika / North Head

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 33 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

Viewshaft contours File Ref: A14190_T1_Viewshaft_to_Ground_Heights.mxd d r i h t a

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HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts 0 0.5 1 km ° T1 Viewshaft With Height Sensitive Area 1:60,000 @ A4 Distance to Ground Level Data Sources: Auckland Council (Aerials, PAUP, LiDAR), Boffa Date: 03 June 2015 | Revision: 0 VIEW MANAGEMENTMiskell Plan prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa

View management guidance: Management guidance should include direction on how or right flank). This development should be tapered the view itself should be managed and how the origin rather than a canyon effect caused from the addition point should be managed. This could also include poilicy of buildings too close to the limits of the viewshaft. guidance. • Development should not dominate the skyline, visual permeability which offer glimpses of landscape features (cones) are preferred Guidance can make recommendations such as: • New development should not obscure a significant • The viewers’ experience of the view would be volcanic cone enhanced if the area ajacent were to be improved. • Development behind the landscape feature should • Any plaques describing views and connections with not dominate the view and therefore detract from surrounding volcanic cones in the viewing area. the overall significance of the view to the landscape • Regular pruning of trees and other vegetation. feature • Regular visual assessments and survey to keep • New development should preserve or enhance the documentation up to date overall setting of the landscape feature • Resource Consent applications must contribute to the • Proposed development should be in keeping with the visual context of views existing visual aesthetic • Proposed built form should complement existing • The prominence of a landscape feature should not be development, recognising appropriate height adversely effected by development restrictions for views • Development may not visually crowd or dominate the • Proposed development should preserve or enhance landscape feature when seen by the viewer moving the overall composition of the view (either on the left between Origin Points

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t c e j o P r 34 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C a i r o c t i V

Viewshaftt E10 REGIONAL M Maungawhau / Mount Eden ONF Description: Mt Eden consists of a complicated scoria cone structure with a deep, well-preserved, conical crater about 50 m deep. Basalt lava flowed in all directions and good lava outcrops are now exposed within the extensive lava fields. More viscous, thicker lava flows later in the eruption accumulated to form a thick pedestal.The former quarry occupied by Eden Gardens provides good exposures of the features of the lower scoria cone, n s o b

such as bedded scoria, in places intruded by dikes and irregular intrusions of basalt. Mt Eden is one of o H

Auckland’s most prominent volcanic features, and considered to be of national importance. t M n e d E

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Frame of viewshaft and annoted drawing

Reference: Boffa Miskell Limited, 2015

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 35 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

ORIGIN POINT

GPS coordinates PT Mt Eden Circuit Height (AGL) NZ Map Grid Northing Easting Northing Easting 1 700039.37 300260.61 135.00 6478932.40 2667948.67 2 699964.92 299766.19 135.00 6478868.08 2667452.79 3 706820.13 298734.05 4.60 (1m AGL) 6485743.55 2666561.27 4 706899.44 298752.20 4.41(1m AGL) 6485822.47 2666581.04 5 707042.64 298812.23 4.17 (1m AGL) 6485964.42 2666644.00 6 707489.25 299138.93 4.00 (1m AGL) 6486404.28 2666979.81

Location The 800m section is located in the north- bound lane of SH1/Northern Motorway.

It commences after the Stafford Road off ramp and terminates 170m after the Onewa Road on-ramp overbridge.

Description The origin point is located within the State Highway Road reserve and not accessible by pedestrians. This viewshafts is only recognisable and appreciated by drivers and passengers in vehicles. While strictly located Reference: Boffa Miskell Limited, 2015 in the north-bound lane, the cone is seen from the south-bound lane (which is covered by the viewshaft). Reference: Auckland Council PAUP Maps, 2015

3D viewshaft plane

Map reference: Google Maps , 2015

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 36 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

VIEW COMPOSITION

Key Elements Background • N/A

Mid Ground • Maungawhau / Mount Eden.

Fore-Ground • Urban built form.

Directly outside of the viewshaft • Built form of Central Auckland, in particular the Sky Tower and other towers to the far left. • The Waitemata Harbour and coastal edge along the Northern Motorway. • Boats on the water.

Composition & Use • The viewshaft is primarily comprised of the Central City built form and the cone of Maungawhau. In this instance, the broader context that sits outside the viewshaft extent is particualrly importnat.

• The key component of the view is the clear silhouette of Maungawhau and the ‘visual breathing space’ around the side flanks.

• Some built form intervenes the viewshaft floor but these are located in the centre of the cone and do not pierce the silhoutte. Based on this, there is potenial for future built form to be built within the extent of the this existing built form.

Annotated drawing:

Dotted area - Volcanic cone area where any intrusions or obstructions should be avoided. Narrow line - areas that can accommodate some Dashed line: Extent of viewshafts built form.

Sky Tower and Central Auckland

Waitemata Harbour

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Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C e

37 j o r P Viewshaft contours File Ref: A14190_E10_Viewshaft_to_Ground_Heights.mxd d r i h t

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1:50,000 @ r A4 Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council (PAe UP, Date: 03 June 2015 | Revision: 0 A (

LiDAR), Boffa Miskell Plan prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited e VIEW MANAGEMENT www.boffamiskell.co.nz l Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa g a E l l / e Z k N s i I L

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. e c r u o s l a n r e t x e y n a r o t n e i l C e h t y b d e d i v o r p n o i t a m r o f n i e t a r u c c a n i m o r f e s i r a y e h t t a h t t n e t x e e h t o t s n o i s s i m o r o s r o r r e y n a r o f d e t i m i L l l e k s i M a f f o B y b d e t p e c c a

s i y t i l i b i s n o p s e r r o y t i l i b a i l o N . e t a r u c c a s i t i t a h t d e m u s s a n e e b s a h t i , s e c r u o s l a n r e t x e r e h t o m o r f d e n i a t b o r o t n e i l C e h t y b d e i l p p u s n e e b s a h n o i t a m r o f n i e r e h W . k s i r n w o s y t r a p t a h t t a s i y t r a

• Regular visual assessments and survey to keep p d r i h t a y b e c n a i l e r r o e s u y n A . k r o w f o e p o c s d e e r g a e h t h t i w e c n a d r o c c a n i e s u s t n e i l C r u o r o f y l e l o s s i t I . t n e i l C r u o f o s n o i t c u r t s n i c i f i c e p s e h t n o d e t i m i L l l e k s i M a f f o B y b d e r a p e r p n e e b s a h c i h p a r g s i h • New development should preserve or enhance the T documentation up to date overall setting of the landscape feature • Resource Consent applications must contribute to the • Proposed development should be in keeping with the visual context of views existing visual aesthetic • Proposed built form should complement existing • The prominence of a landscape feature should not be development, recognising appropriate height adversely effected by development restrictions for views • Development may not visually crowd or dominate the • Proposed development should preserve or enhance landscape feature when seen by the viewer moving the overall composition of the view (either on the left between Origin Points

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 38 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

Viewshaft E11 DISTRICT Maungarei / Mount Eden ONF Description: Mt Eden consists of a complicated scoria cone structure with a deep, well-preserved, conical crater about 50 m deep. Basalt lava flowed in all directions and good lava outcrops are now exposed within the extensive lava fields. More viscous, thicker lava flows later in the eruption accumulated to form a thick pedestal.The former quarry occupied by Eden Gardens provides good exposures of the features of the lower scoria cone, such as bedded scoria, in places intruded by dikes and irregular intrusions of basalt. Mt Eden is one of

Auckland’s most prominent volcanic features, and considered to be of national importance. File Ref: A14190_E11_ONFs.mxd d r i h t a

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HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts 0 0.5 km ° E11 Viewshaft and Outstanding Natural Features 1:20,000 @ A4 Date: 05 June 2015 | Revision: 0

Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council (PAUP) Plan prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa

Frame of viewshaft and annotated drawing

Reference: Boffa Miskell Limited, 2015

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 39 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

ORIGIN POINT

Location Pedestrian footpath along Tamaki Drive Description The origin point is a 430m section, taken from the pedestrian footpath that extends along Tamaki Drive. It commences close to the Ngapipi Road intersection, where the Pohutukawa-clad cliff faces end. The origin point continues over the bridge and toward the City Centre. It terminates at a street tree.

GPS coordinates PT Mt Eden Circuit Height (AGL) NZ Map Grid Northing Easting Northing Easting 1 702757.99 303266.27 3.96 (1m AGL) 6481589.04 2671009.64 2 702853.96 303705.12 4.43 (1m AGL) 6481676.01 2671450.40 3 699761.97 300191.65 135.00 6478656.44 2667874.04

4 700401.03 299677.17 135.00 6479305.96 2667372.72

A 702760.99 303352.21 4.05 6481590.28 2671095.63

B 702767.02 303417.51 4.12 6481594.98 2671161.04

C 702782.15 303485.25 4.19 6481608.71 2671229.09

D 702834.92 303655.70 4.38 6481657.98 2671400.60

Reference: PAUP, 2015

3D viewshaft plane

Reference: Google Earth, 2015

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 40 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

VIEW COMPOSITION

Key Elements

Composition & Use

Annotated drawing:

Wide line - general area that can tolerate Dotted area - Volcanic cone area where any intrusions or obstructions should be Dashed line: Narrow line - areas avoided. Extent of that can accom- viewshafts modate some built Overhanging form. Pohutukawa

Hobson Bay

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 41 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

Viewshaft contours File Ref: A14190_E11_Viewshaft_to_Ground_Heights.mxd d r i h t a

s y i b y

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HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts 0 0.5 km E11 Viewshaft With Height Sensitive Area ° Distance to Ground Level VIEW MANAGEMENT 1:20,000 @ A4 Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council (PAUP, Date: 03 June 2015 | Revision: 0 LiDAR), Boffa Miskell Plan prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa View management guidance: Management guidance should include direction on how or right flank). This development should be tapered the view itself should be managed and how the origin rather than a canyon effect caused from the addition point should be managed. This could also include poilicy of buildings too close to the limits of the viewshaft. guidance. • Development should not dominate the skyline, visual permeability which offer glimpses of landscape features (cones) are preferred Guidance can make recommendations such as: • New development should not obscure a significant • The viewers’ experience of the view would be volcanic cone enhanced if the area ajacent were to be improved. • Development behind the landscape feature should • Any plaques describing views and connections with not dominate the view and therefore detract from surrounding volcanic cones in the viewing area. the overall significance of the view to the landscape • Regular pruning of trees and other vegetation. feature • Regular visual assessments and survey to keep • New development should preserve or enhance the documentation up to date overall setting of the landscape feature • Resource Consent applications must contribute to the • Proposed development should be in keeping with the visual context of views existing visual aesthetic • Proposed built form should complement existing • The prominence of a landscape feature should not be development, recognising appropriate height adversely effected by development restrictions for views • Development may not visually crowd or dominate the • Proposed development should preserve or enhance landscape feature when seen by the viewer moving the overall composition of the view (either on the left between Origin Points

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 42 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

Viewshaft W26 DISTRICT Maungarei / Mount Wellington Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill Ohinerangi / Mount Hobson Maungawhau / Mount Eden

ONF Descriptions: Maungarei / Mount Wellington Mt Wellington is the largest scoria cone in the Auckland volcanic field. The high, circular scoria cone encloses a 60 m deep crater (about 220 m diameter) with three vents. Mt Wellington is associated with nearby Purchas Hill, which consisted of two small, cratered, scoria cones in the centre of a large tuff ring. The centre of the Mt Wellington cone is just outside the southern rim of this tuff ring. Scoria and extensive lava deposits overlie the tuff deposits from early eruptions. Lava flows streamed from the volcano towards Penrose and thence to the Manukau Harbour. At the western foot of Mt Wellington scoria cone is the 16 m deep, bell-shaped Ruapōtaka lava shaft; a vertical cave which is regionally significant in its own right.The best example of partially fused cowpat lava bombs in the Auckland volcanic field is located near the top of the inner slopes of Mt Wellington’s crater.

Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill One Tree Hill is one of the region’s iconic landforms. It is among the largest of all the volcanoes in the Auckland volcanic field. The complex scoria cone was built up around several vents and features a central, oval crater (30 m deep) and two large horse-shoe craters. Thick and extensive lava flows probably cover more than 20 km2, and extend to the coast at Onehunga. The lava field contains lava caves and is partially mantled with tephra from Three Kings volcano.

Ohinerangi / Mount Hobson Mt Hobson is a small, well-preserved scoria cone, with a horseshoe crater (about 250 m diameter) and minor lava flows to the south.

Maungawhau / Mount Eden Mt Eden consists of a complicated scoria cone structure with a deep, well-preserved, conical crater about 50 m deep. Basalt lava flowed in all directions and good lava outcrops are now exposed within the extensive lava fields. More viscous, thicker lava flows later in the eruption accumulated to form a thick pedestal.The former quarry occupied by Eden Gardens provides good exposures of the features of the lower scoria cone, such as bedded scoria, in places intruded by dikes and irregular intrusions of basalt. Mt Eden is one of Auckland’s most prominent volcanic features, and considered to be of national importance

File Ref: A14190_W26_ONFs.mxd d r i h t

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HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts 0 0.5 1 km PRELIMINARY ° CASE STUDY W26 Viewshaft and Outstanding Natural Features 1:52,500 @ A4 Date: 05 June 2015 | Revision: 0

Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council (PAUP) Plan prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa 43 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

Frame of viewshaft/s and annotated drawing

Map reference: Boffa Miskell, 2015

ORIGIN POINT Location Single point located on road reserve at 678 Pakuranga Highway, Pakuranga

Description Set in the middle of the road, the origin point itself is a ‘cats eye’ and tarseal. The road is 4 lanes wide with a median strip and kerb parking. There are pedestrian paths on both sides of the road. The surrouding environment is predominantly residential although the Howick Leisure Centre is directly opposite the origin point.

GPS coordinates PT Mt Eden Circuit Height (AGL) NZ Map Grid

Northing Easting Northing Easting

1 697670.27 313438.05 44.05 (1m AGL) 6476293.52 2681075.68

2 697030.51 301657.01 102.50 6475895.33 2669283.22

3 698561.74 301673.38 102.50 6477426.01 2669330.97

4 698136.49 307285.37 74.62 Upper 48.32 6476885.81 2674933.46 Lower

5 698667.58 307352.27 81.24 Upper 48.32 6477415.46 2675011.23 Lower

6 698744.32 307361.93 48.32 6477491.98 2675011.23

7 699876.05 299978.01 126.30 6478774.89 2667662.76

8 700229.97 300040.80 126.30 6479127.47 2667732.80

9 699850.60 302026.38 114.10 6478707.46 2669710.34

10 700165.08 302090.98 114.10 6479020.57 2669781.37

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 44 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

3D viewshaft plane

Map reference: Google Earth, 2015

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 45 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

VIEW COMPOSITION

Key Elements Background (to the closest cone Maungarei / Mount Wellington) • Maungawhau / Mount Eden to the right of the view frame • Ohinerangi / Mount Hobson to the right of the view frame • Areas of built form and vegetation in front of Maungawhau and Ohinerangi (which also double as foreground elements for these respective cones) • Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill to the left of the frame.

Mid Ground • Relatively consistent height • Vegetation and built form of a relatively consistent height • At least four mature trees sit directly in front of the cones, obstructung the viewshaft, in particular Maungakiekie and Ohinerau.

Fore-Ground • Street trees and street lamps.

Directly outside of the viewshaft • Street trees and street lamps. • Built form (commercial and residential) of Highland Park and wider Pakuranga) • Pakuranga Highway

Composition & Use • The view is comprised of a number of elements identified above. In this instance, the view is about the proximity of four cones. • The location of the Highway, the origin point on higher ground and location of Maungarei orientate the viewer to the right of the viewshaft. Maungakiekie to the left is less recognisable as a result of mature trees in the foreground. • The primary focus is Maungarei, which is closest to the origin point and centrally located. The remaining three cones are partially noticeable, particularly if the weather is clear . • The Highway provides a visual corridor and orientation towards the cones (predominantly Maungarei). • The gap between Maungarei and Maungakeikie could be developed with buildings that exceed the viewshaft height as this area would still provide suficient ‘visual breathing space’ around the respective cones. • Similarly, the area to the right where Ohinerangi is situated could also accomodate a limited amount of tall built form. • Use within this viewshaft would significantly depend on management of foreground vegetation.

Annotated drawing:

Dotted area - Volcanic cone area where any intrusions or obstructions should be avoided.

Narrow line - areas that can accommodate some built form. Area of veiwshaft where Area of veiwshaft tall built form where tall built form would be would be acceptable. acceptable. Dashed line: Extent of viewshafts

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 46 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C

Viewshaft contours File Ref: A14190_W26_Viewshaft_to_Ground_Heights.mxd d r i h t a

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HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts 0 0.5 1 km ° W26 Viewshaft With Height Sensitive Area 1:50,000 @ A4 Distance to Ground Level VIEW MANAGEMENTData Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council (PAUP, Date: 03 June 2015 | Revision: 0 LiDAR), Boffa Miskell Plan prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: JPa

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY 47 Auckland Unitary Plan - Volcanic Viewshaft Management Framework - PART C Appendix 4: Example of GIS Map for Big King HSA

PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY File Ref: A14190_Big_King_HSA_Zone_Heights_40K.mxd

Properties Impacted by HSA HNZC Properties All or Paritally Under HSA Properties All or Paritally Under HSA Area Where Underlying Zone Heights are Reduced by HSA Reduced by 9 Metres Reduced by 8 Metres Reduced by 7 Metres Reduced by 5 Metres No Reduction (Zone Height Equal to HSA) Underlying Zone Height Less Than HSA LINZ and Eagle Technology

This graphic has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our 0 0.5 1 km HCNZ PAUP Viewshafts Clients use in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that partys own Big King HSA Height to risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or ° obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed 1:40,000 @ A3 PAUP Zone Heights that it is accurate. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the Data Sources: LINZ/Eagle (Aerials), Auckland Council Date: 08 June 2015 | Revision: 0 extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or any external source. (PAUP, Rates 2011), HNZC (properties), Boffa Miskell Plan Prepared for HNZC by Boffa Miskell Limited www.boffamiskell.co.nz Project Manager: [email protected] | Drawn: MDa | Checked: XXx