City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY Graduate Center 2016 Indigenous Ecuadorian Mobility Strategies in the Clandestine Migration Journey Victoria Stone-Cadena CUNY Graduate Center How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_pubs/300 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact:
[email protected] GEOPOLITICS http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2016.1147028 Indigenous Ecuadorian Mobility Strategies in the Clandestine Migration Journey Victoria Stone-Cadena Department of Anthropology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA ABSTRACT Based on testimonials of migration journeys of indigenous Cañaris from southern highland Ecuador, this paper examines strategies of mobility and social networking employed by migrants and facilitators in the human smuggling market. Following a series of economic crises in the late 1990s, Ecuadorian transnational migration increased significantly, with a 55.5 percent increase to the United States between 2000 and 2008, and staggering 12,150 percent increase to Spain between 1998 and 2005. This article focuses on the growth of a regional migration industry in the southern high- land region, and pays special attention to the roles of indigen- ous Cañari migrants and migration merchants. The guiding questions are: how does indigeneity figure in mobility strate- gies; in what ways is indigenous identity strategically employed in the migration journey; and how might indigenous migration merchants contribute to the expansion of migration? As migration routes become increasingly dangerous, migrants and human smuggling actors employ more innovative and riskier strategies.