Ecuador: 2021 Presidential Election
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Vicepresidentes En La Historia Vicepresidentes Periodo Vicepresidencial Presidentes Periodo Presidencial
VICEPRESIDENTES EN LA HISTORIA VICEPRESIDENTES PERIODO VICEPRESIDENCIAL PRESIDENTES PERIODO PRESIDENCIAL Proyecto Republicano: construcción de la República del Ecuador (1830 al 1861) José Joaquín de Olmedo, primer Vicepresidente. 12 de septiembre de 1830 – José Modesto Larrea, segundo 15 de septiembre de 1831. Juan José Flores y Aramburu 13 de mayo 1830 al 22 de septiembre 1830 Vicepresidente; reemplaza a José 1831 – 1835 Joaquín de Olmedo. Vicente Rocafuerte se proclama Jefe 10 de septiembre 1834 al 22 de junio 1835 Supremo de Guayaquil. José Féliz Valdivieso, Jefe Supremo, 12 de junio 1834 al 18 enero 1835 Sierra. Juan Bernardo León es el tercer 1835 - 1839 Vicente Rocafuerte como Jefe 8 de agosto 1835 al 31 enero de 1839 Vicepresidente Supremo Juan José Flores como Presidente de 1 de febrero de 1839 al 15 de enero de 1843 la República Francisco Aguirre es el cuarto 1839 - 1843 Juan José Flores elegido Presidente 1 de abril de 1843 al 6 de marzo de 1845 Vicepresidente por golpe de Estado Gobierno provisorio de José Joaquín de Olmedo, Vicente Ramón Roca, 6 de marzo al 8 de diciembre de 1845 Diego Novoa. Gobierno provisorio de José Joaquín Dr. Francisco Marcos 1843 - 1845 de Olmedo, Vicente Ramón Roca, 1 de Abril de 1943 an 1 de Abril de 1945 Diego Novoa. Pablo Merino, es reemplazado en Mayo Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez asume 1847 por Manuel de Azcásubi y Matheu 1845 - 1847 8 de diciembre de 1845 al 15 de octubre de 1849 como sexto Vicepresidente. el poder como Presidente de la El República Vicepresidente Manuel de Ascásubi y -
Vicepresidentes De La República Del Ecuador
VICEPRESIDENTES DE LA REPÚBLICA DEL ECUADOR PERÍODO VICEPRESIDENTE PRESIDENTE PERIODO PRESIDENCIAL OBSERVACIONES VICEPRESIDENCIAL Vicepresidente designado el 11 de Diciembre 11, 2018 - En el cargo diciembre de 2018 por la Asamblea Nacional con 94 votos a favor. Otto Sonnenholzner Lenín Voltaire Moreno Garcés Mayo 24, 2017 - En el cargo Vicepresidenta encargada desde el 04 de octubre del 2017 y designada Octubre 4, 2017 - Diciembre 4, 2018 el 06 de enero del 2018 Vicepresidenta de la República por la Asamblea Nacional, luego de la destitución de Jorge Glas. Renunció el 04 de diciembre de 2018 María Alejandra Vicuña Muñoz Mayo 24, 2017 - Enero 02, 2018 Sandra Naranjo fue Vicepresidenta encargada entre el 04 de enero y el 20 de Mayo 24, 2013 - Mayo 24, 2017 febrero del 2017 y entre el 13 y 30 de marzo del 2017. Jorge David Glas Espinel Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado Enero 15, 2007 - Mayo 24, 2017 Enero 15, 2007 - Mayo 24, 2013 Lenín Voltaire Moreno Garcés Mayo 05, 2005 - Enero 15, 2007 Luis Alfredo Palacios González Abril 20, 2005 - Enero 15, 2007 Nicanor Alejandro Serrano Aguilar Enero 15, 2003 - Abril 20, 2005 Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa Enero 15, 2003 - Abril 20, 2005 Luis Alfredo Palacios González Enero 22, 2000 - Enero 15, 2003 Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano Enero 22, 2000 - Enero 15, 20003 Pedro Alfredo Pinto Rubianes Agosto 10, 1998 - Enero 21, 2000 Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt Agosto 10, 1998 - Enero 21, 2000 Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano Abril 01, 1998 - Agosto 10, 1998 Pedro Aguayo Cubillo Fabián Ernesto Alarcón Rivera Febrero -
Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
Rodrigo Borja Cevallos Ecuador, Presidente de la República (1988-1992) Duración del mandato: 10 de Agosto de 1988 - de de Nacimiento: Quito, provincia de Pichincha, 19 de Junio de 1935 Partido político: Izquierda Democrática (ID) Profesión : Jurista y politólogo Resumen http://www.cidob.org 1 of 9 Biografía Figura señera de la élite política de la Sierra, que tradicionalmente se contrapone al área geográfica de la Costa, bien representada por los clanes políticos de Guayaquil, tomó las clases de primaria y de secundaria en el Pensionado Borja y el Colegio Americano de su Quito natal antes de emprender la carrera de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales en la Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE). En 1958 obtuvo la licenciatura y dos años después añadió a su currículum académico el doctorado en Jurisprudencia. En su época de educando presidió la Asociación de Derecho Escolar de la UCE y ejerció el periodismo en la radio HCJB y el diario El Comercio de Quito, actividad ésta que le reportó ingresos con los que sufragó sus estudios. Involucrado en la política activa desde temprana edad y de convicciones progresistas, fue un crítico del Gobierno del presidente socialcristiano Camilo Ponce Enríquez (1956-1960) y estuvo adscrito al Partido Liberal (PL), histórica formación que había dominado la escena política nacional desde 1895 y 1944, cuando fue derrocado el último presidente de esta filiación, Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, y que ahora, entre finales de los años cincuenta y principios de los sesenta, se encontraba debilitada por la emergencia de facciones rivales en su seno. El joven jurista ganó el primero de sus mandatos populares como diputado del Congreso Nacional en las elecciones del 3 de junio de 1962, en la lista del PL y ocupando la Presidencia de la República Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy. -
Neoliberalism and Elite Democracy in Ecuador (1981-2007)
Review of European Studies; Vol. 9, No. 3; 2017 ISSN 1918-7173 E-ISSN 1918-7181 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Neoliberalism and Elite Democracy in Ecuador (1981-2007) Ricardo Restrepo Echavarría1 1 Universidad Nacional de Educación, Azogues, Ecuador Correspondence: Ricardo Restrepo Echavarría, Universidad Nacional de Educación, Azogues, Ecuador. E-mail: [email protected] Received: June 13, 2017 Accepted: June 27, 2017 Online Published: August 2, 2017 doi:10.5539/res.v9n3p126 URL: http://doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n3p126 Abstract This paper synthesizes the political economy of neoliberal elite democracy as a general trend and marks out its concrete historical manifestation in one of its more committed followers, Ecuador, from 1981 to 2007. As the American continent turned toward democracy, it also turned to neoliberal reforms. The neoliberal reforms espoused were performed under the theory of the primacy of personal security and property rights, the securement of which would lead to economic growth, leading to the benefit of society as a whole. The actual policies implemented, however, violated the personal security and property rights of many, while increasing inequality and promoting slow growth. A democracy that rules by formal elections to accumulate capital in elites without regard to truth and justice is an elite democracy. Elite democracy was the chosen politics of neoliberalism and neoliberalism was the chosen economics of elite democracy. This paper provides a synthetic panoramic view of the history of the rise and life of neoliberalism and elite democracy in Ecuador, starting with the death of Ecuador’s first president of its current democratic era, continuing with the measures that lead to the steep accumulation of public debt for the gain of a few in the 1980’s, and the deregulation of the banking sector and transfer of its losses to the public in the 1990’s and the beginning of the Century, while growth lagged but inequality and political instability accentuated. -
Indigenous and Social Movement Political Parties in Ecuador and Bolivia, 1978-2000
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Democratizing Formal Politics: Indigenous and Social Movement Political Parties in Ecuador and Bolivia, 1978-2000 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Jennifer Noelle Collins Committee in charge: Professor Paul Drake, Chair Professor Ann Craig Professor Arend Lijphart Professor Carlos Waisman Professor Leon Zamosc 2006 Copyright Jennifer Noelle Collins, 2006 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Jennifer Noelle Collins is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2006 iii DEDICATION For my parents, John and Sheila Collins, who in innumerable ways made possible this journey. For my husband, Juan Giménez, who met and accompanied me along the way. And for my daughter, Fiona Maité Giménez-Collins, the beautiful gift bequeathed to us by the adventure that has been this dissertation. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE.……………………..…………………………………...…...…iii DEDICATION .............................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................v -
Artículos Portland State University, United States Política
REVISTA DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA / VOLUMEN 41 / N° 2 / 2021 / 321-351 BETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE: ECUADOR DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Entre la Espada y la Pared: Ecuador durante la pandemia de COVID-19 ANA SOFÍA CASTELLANOS SANTAMARÍA CienciaArtículos Portland State University, United States Política RÉGIS DANDOY Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador SEBASTIÁN UMPIERREZ DE REGUERO European University Institute, Italy & Universidad Diego Portales, Chile ABSTRACT In 2020, Ecuadorian politics was not only constrained by the COVID-19 pandemic, but also stirred by political instability and an intense online electoral campaign. In this article, we outline the Ecuadorian economic, social, and political context from February 2020 to February 2021. Then, we explore the core measures and overall impacts of the COVID-19 on Ecuadorian politics. We also present the main insti- tutional and policy changes, bearing in mind that 2020 was the last year of Lenín Moreno’s presidential term. In addition, this article examines the latest electoral reform and the main issues of the electoral campaign, as well as the key results of the national and Andean elections of February 2021. Keywords: COVID-19, Lenín Moreno, general elections, political instability, Ecuador. RESUMEN En 2020, la política ecuatoriana no solo se vio constreñida por la pandemia de COVID-19, sino también por la inestabilidad política y una intensa campaña electoral virtual. En este artículo, describimos el contexto económico, social y político ecuatoriano desde febrero de 2020 hasta febrero de 2021. Luego, exploramos las medidas centrales y los impactos genera- les del COVID-19 en la política ecuatoriana. -
Guillermo Lasso Mendoza Constitutional President of the Republic
GUILLERMO LASSO MENDOZA CONSTITUTIONAL PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC WHEREAS: Articles 1, 317 and 408 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador establish that the non-renewable natural resources found within State territory are the inalienable and perpetual property thereof, and are not subject to the statute of limitations; and that, in managing them, the State will prioritize the intergenerational process, the conservation of nature, the collection of royalties or non-tax contributions and company participation while minimizing negative environmental, cultural, social and economic impacts; and the State must receive profits from the exploitation of these resources in a portion that is no less than what the company exploiting them receives; Numbers 5 and 7 of Article 3 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador establish that the State has the fundamental responsibility of promoting the sustainable development and equitable distribution of resources and wealth, as well as protecting the country´s natural and cultural heritage; Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador establishes that the State will promote the use of environmentally friendly technologies and non-contaminating and low-impact alternative energies in the public and private sectors. Energy sovereignty will not be achieved in detriment to food sovereignty, nor shall it affect water rights. Article 57 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador recognizes and ensures the following collective rights of the indigenous peoples, communities, races and -
Qformer Ecuadorean President Rafael
LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR A DAILY PUBLICATION OF THE DIALOGUE www.thedialogue.org Friday, September 4, 2020 BOARD OF ADVISORS FEATURED Q&A TODAY’S NEWS Diego Arria Director, Columbus Group POLITICAL Devry Boughner Vorwerk Is Correa Still a Jamaica’s Ruling CEO, DevryBV Sustainable Strategies Party Re-elected Joyce Chang Global Head of Research, Driving Force in in Landslide Vote JPMorgan Chase & Co. The ruling Jamaica Labour Party Paula Cifuentes overwhelmingly won the Caribbe- Director of Economic & Fiscal Affairs, Ecuador’s Politics? an nation’s elections, winning 49 Latin America & Canada, Philip Morris International of the 63 seats in parliament. Marlene Fernández Page 2 Corporate Vice President for Government Relations, Arcos Dorados ECONOMIC Peter Hakim President Emeritus, Mexico Likely to Inter-American Dialogue Cut Oil Production Donna Hrinak President, Boeing Latin America Targets: Legislator Jon E. Huenemann Mexico will likely be forced to Former Corporate and lower its targets for crude oil Government Senior Executive production next year, ruling-party James R. Jones legislator Erasmo González told Chairman, Even if his name is not on the ballot, former Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa could still in- Monarch Global Strategies fluence the country’s election next year, commentators say below. // File Photo: @MashiRafael Bloomberg News in an interview. via Twitter. The country missed its production Craig A. Kelly targets this year. Senior Director, Americas Former Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa in August an- Int’l Gov’t Relations, Exxon Mobil Page 3 John Maisto nounced his intention to be leftist candidate Andrés Arauz’s Director, U.S. Education running mate in the Andean nation’s presidential election Finance Group ECONOMIC Q next year. -
Ecuador: Justice and Protection for Amazonian Women, Defenders Of
“THEY WILL NOT STOP US” Ecuador: Justice and protection for Amazonian Women, defenders of the land, territory and environment Amnesty International it’s a global movement of more than 7 million people working for respect and protection of human rights. Our vision is of a world in which all people enjoy the human rights set out in the las personas disfrutan de todos los derechos humanos Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religious belief. Our work is funded primarily by contributions from our members and through donations. © Amnesty International 2019 Unless stated otherwise, the content of this document is protected by Creative Commons licence 4.0 (attribution, non-commercial, no derivative works, international). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information, visit the Permissions page of our website: https://www.amnesty.org/es/about-us/permissions/. Material attributed to copyright holders other than Amnesty International is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. 2 THEY WILL NOT STOP US ECUADOR: JUSTICE AND PROTECTION FOR AMAZONIAN WOMEN, DEFENDERS OF THE LAND, TERRITORY AND ENVIRONMENT “THEY WILL NOT STOP US” ECUADOR: JUSTICE AND PROTECTION FOR AMAZONIAN WOMEN, DEFENDERS OF THE LAND, TERRITORY AND ENVIRONMENT AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 3 INTRODUCTION Throughout 2018 in Ecuador, Amnesty International recorded a series of attacks and threats perpetrated against women human rights defenders and leaders Patricia Gualinga, Nema Grefa, Salomé Aranda and Margoth Escobar, members of Mujeres Amazónicas Defensoras de la Selva de las Bases frente al Extractivismo (Amazonian Women Defending the Forest from Extractivism), also known as the Mujeres Amazónicas (Amazonian Women) collective. -
Populist Citizenship in the Bolivarian Revolutions
MIDDLE ATLANTIC REVIEW OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES, A JOURNAL OF THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC COUNCIL OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES Populist Citizenship in the Bolivarian Revolutions Carlos de la Torre University of Kentucky Abstract: This article analyzes the contours of populist citizenship as an alternative to neoliberal models of citizenship as consumption, and to liberal models that protect pluralism. It compares how political, socioeconomic, civil, collective, gender, and GLBT rights were imagined and implemented in Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador. It explains why despite the expansion of some rights, populists’ use of discriminatory legalism to regulate the public sphere and civil society led to the displacement of democracy toward authoritarianism. Key words: citizenship, populism, rights, democratization, authoritarianism. Populism is a form of political incorporation to the political community based on rhetorical appeals to and the mobilization of the people (de la Torre 2000). Populists use a Manichaean rhetoric that confronted the people against the oligarchy understood as self-serving and foreign-oriented elites that marginalized the plebs from political, socioeconomic, and symbolic resources and benefits. Populist challenges to the exclusion of the people, and their promises of inclusion and even redemption took place during episodes of mobilization and contentious collective action (Jansen 2015). During populist events the meanings of the term “the people” and who belonged to this category are contested. Several actors such as politicians, activists, and leaders of social movements claim to be the voice of the people. Politics becomes a struggle over who could claim to talk on behalf of the people and to represent their interests. Populism is also a model of citizenship conceived as the active participation of the people in politics (Spanakos 2008; Rein 2013). -
Civil Liberties: 3 Aggregate Score: 60 Freedom Rating: 3.0 Overview
Ecuador Page 1 of 7 Published on Freedom House (https://freedomhouse.org) Home > Ecuador Ecuador Country: Ecuador Year: 2018 Freedom Status: Partly Free Political Rights: 3 Civil Liberties: 3 Aggregate Score: 60 Freedom Rating: 3.0 Overview: Elections take place regularly, though there are persistent concerns about politicization of the National Electoral Council (NEC). A leftist government has ruled the country since 2007. While former president Rafael Correa imposed restrictions on the media and civil society, a new administration that came to power in 2017 has begun rolling back repressive Correa-era policies. Ratings Change: Ecuador's civil liberties rating improved from 4 to 3, and it received an upward trend arrow, due to reduced pressure on the media and civil society, as well as progress on anticorruption efforts, under newly elected president Lenín Moreno. Political Rights and Civil Liberties: POLITICAL RIGHTS: 25 / 40 (+1) A. ELECTORAL PROCESS: 7 / 12 A1. Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 3 / 4 https://freedomhouse.org/print/49986 9/27/2018 Ecuador Page 2 of 7 The 2008 constitution provides for a directly elected president. The president has the authority to dissolve the legislature once in his term, which triggers new elections for both the assembly and the presidency, and to veto individual line items in legislation. In April 2017, Lenín Moreno of PAIS won the presidential runoff with 51 percent of the vote, defeating Guillermo Lasso of the Creating Opportunities–Society United for More Action (CREO-SUMA) alliance, who took 49 percent. -
El Candidato-Presidente: Medios, Periodistas Y Redes En La Campaña Electoral Presidencial De 2013 En Ecuador
PERSPECTIVAS Nº11/2013 El candidato-presidente: Medios, periodistas y redes en la campaña electoral presidencial de 2013 en Ecuador. Julia Ortega Octubre 2013 La última campaña electoral que lleva a la presidencia de la República a Rafael Correa por segunda vez, luego de la aprobación de la Constitución de 2008 en el Ecuador, tuvo una duración de 45 días: del 4 de enero al 17 de febrero de 2013. La nueva Constitución define que exista un Régimen de Transición, que establece la forma y fechas en las que se lleva adelante el proceso electoral hasta la posesión presidencial el 24 de mayo de 2013. La ley que desarrolla ese mandato es el Código de la Democracia, aprobado por la Comisión Legislativa el 27 de abril del año 2009 y reformado por la Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador el 11 de mayo de 2011, así las elecciones ecuatorianas de 2013 cuentan con nuevas reglas de juego. La Constitución de 2008 establece en su artículo 115 que los sujetos políticos no “podrán contratar publicidad en los medios de comunicación y vallas publicitarias” y en su artículo 219 señala que es el Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE) quien controla la propaganda y el gasto electoral, así, el reglamento de promoción electoral plantea la calificación ante el CNE de los medios de comunicación como proveedores de la promoción electoral. La presentación por parte de las organizaciones políticas del 1.5% de firmas de adhesión del padrón electoral es decir 158.000 firmas de ciudadanos que apoyen la candidatura es otra nueva regla de juego. Durante el proceso de entrega de firmas al Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE) y antes del 17 de agosto de 2012 se descubre que gran cantidad de las firmas presentadas habían sido falsificadas.