Isolation and characterization of compounds from henkelii () with activity against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens

Victor P. Bagla

Philosophiae Doctor

Supervisor: Prof. J.N. Eloff (DSc)

Co-supervisor: Dr. L.J. McGaw (PhD)

November 2011 i

© University of Pretoria

Declaration

ii

Acknowledgement

iii

Table of content

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Literature review on the antimicrobial activity of extract

v

Chapter 3: Materials and Methods

Chapter 4: Comparative cytotoxicity studies of extracts of selected medicinal on different cell types

vi

Plumbago zeylanica

Ekebergia capensis

Annona senegalensis

Carissa edulis Podocarpus henkelii

Chapter 5: The antibacterial activity of different extracts of selected South African plant species

vii

Chapter 6: Evaluation of different extracts of selected South African plant species for antiviral activity

viii

Chapter 7: Evaluation of different extracts of selected South African plant species for antifungal activity

Chapter 8: Plant selection and antimicrobial activity of solvent – solvent fractions of leaf material

ix

Chapter 9: Isolation and determination of chemical structure of compounds from Podocarpus Henkelii Stapt Ex Dallim. & Jacks

Chapter 10: Biological activity and toxicity studies of isolated compounds from Podocarpus Henkelii Stapf Ex Dallim. & Jacks

x

Chapter 11: General discussion and conclusion

References

Appendix

xi

List of table

xii

xiii

Podocarpaceae

Podocarpus

xiv

Salmonella typhimurium

xv

List of figures

= Podocarpus henkelii = Carissa edulis

S.areus

xvi

C.neoformans

Podocarpus henkelii

xvii

List of abbreviations

Annona senegalensis

Acokanthera schimperi

Carissa edulis

xviii

Ekebergia capensis

p

xix

Staphylococcus aureus

Podocarpus henkelii

xx

Plumbago zeylanica

Schrebera alata,

Enterococcus faecalis

xxi

Publications from this thesis

Podocarpus henkelii

xxii

Abstract

Acokanthera schimperi,Carissa edulis, Ekebergia capensis, Podocarpus henkellii, Plumbago zeylanica, Annona senegalensis Schrebera alata Enterococcus faecalisStaphylococcus aureusPseudomonas aeruginosaEscherichia coli Candida albicansCryptococcus neoformansAspergillus fumigates

P. henkelliiAnnona senegalensis S. aureus P. aeruginosaEscherichia coli, E. faecalis C. neoformans Podocarpus henkelii

xxiii

A. senegalensis and A. schimperi in vivo

P. henkellii E. coliS. aureus A. fumigatusC. neoformans E. faecalisP. aeruginosa Podocarpus P. latifolius. P. henkellii Podocarpus henkelii Podocarpus falcatus

xxiv