Plant Names Database: Quarterly changes

1 December 2020 © Landcare Research Limited 2020 This copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: "Source: Landcare Research" Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: "Sourced from Landcare Research"

http://dx.doi.org/10.26065/2fjv-y057

CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION names database: quarterly changes [electronic resource]. – [Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand] : Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, 2014- . Online resource Quarterly November 2014- ISSN 2382-2341 I.Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. II. Allan Herbarium.

Citation and Authorship Wilton, A.D.; Schönberger, I.; Gibb, E.S.; Boardman, K.F.; Breitwieser, I.; Cochrane, M.; de Pauw, B.; Ford, K.A.; Glenny, D.S.; Korver, M.A.; Novis, P.M.; Prebble J.; Redmond, D.N.; Smissen, R.D. Tawiri, K. (2020) Plant Names Database: Quarterly changes. December 2020. Lincoln, Manaaki Whenua Press. This report is generated using an automated system and is therefore authored by the staff at the Allan Herbarium who currently contribute directly to the development and maintenance of the Plant Names Database. Authors are listed alphabetically after the third author. Authors have contributed as follows: Leadership: Wilton, Schönberger, Breitwieser, Smissen Database editors: Wilton, Schönberger, Gibb Taxonomic and nomenclature research and review: Schönberger, Gibb, Wilton, Breitwieser, Ford, Glenny, Novis, Redmond, Smissen Information System development: Wilton, De Pauw, Cochrane Technical support: Boardman, Korver, Redmond, Tawiri

Disclaimer The Plant Names Database is being updated every working day. We welcome suggestions for improvements, concerns, or any data errors you may find. Please email these to [email protected]. Introduction

The scientific names that are relevant to the New Zealand flora are constantly changing as we document new indigenous and exotic taxa in the flora, improve our understanding of the and circumscription of taxa, and update information to be consistent with the International Code of Nomenclature and other standards. The purpose of this document is to provide an update of recent changes in the taxonomy and nomenclature for the New Zealand flora. The Plant Names Database was established to record the scientific and vernacular names and taxonomy that are relevant to the New Zealand flora. It covers seed , and lycophytes, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, and lichens that are indigenous or exotic to New Zealand. It primarily focuses on taxa that are present in the “wild” flora, but also includes information for taxa in other biostatus categories. The staff at the Allan Herbarium update the information in the Plant Names Database, which is made available through the New Zealand Plants Website - http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz, often with input and advice from botanists working in other organisations. This document summarises for the period stated below the changes in the Plant Names Database. The type of changes include: • addition of new names • formal merging and removal of duplicate names • changes to the status of the name, as a preferred name or synonym for a taxon • updates of the origin or occurrence (i.e. biostatus) of a taxon within New Zealand • changes to the classification of a taxon • updates of the scientific article that is being applied to a taxon to determine whether the name is a synonym or preferred name All of these changes are logged when the data are regularly published to the New Zealand Plants website, and then automatically compiled into these reports at the end of each quarter without human intervention. Structure of the document The document is arranged in two parts. Part 1 provides a listing of scientific names by major taxonomic groups. Within these groups names are listed alphabetically by the type of change. Names in this section are listed in plain text and without authors. In Part 2 the names are listed following the taxonomic classification. The type of changes are indicated by symbols following the name. Names are presented with author when available, and are correctly formatted. If a name is a synonym, the preferred name is listed on the next line. In both parts preferred names are listed in bold. Reporting period This report covers the changes published between 2 September 2020 and 29 November 2020. Notification Service These changes are also available as a subscription service (ATOM) at the following web location: http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz/feed Acknowledgements

The Plant Names Database is built on the contributions of a number of individuals, and continues to be maintained with significant contributions from people both within and outside of Landcare Research. In particular we would like to acknowledge the significant contributions of the following people who regularly recommend updates for the data within the Plant Names Database: Pat Brownsey (Te Papa Tongarewa Museum of New Zealand), Peter de Lange (Department of Conservation), David Galloway (Research Associate, Landcare Research), Leon Perrie (Te Papa Tongarewa Museum of New Zealand), Jeremy Rolfe (Department of Conservation), John Steele (University of Otago). We would like to thank Christine Bezar and Margot Bowden for their advice while we were developing this report. The Plant Names Database and the preparation of this report were supported by Core funding for Crown Research Institutes from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment’s Science and Innovation Group.

3 Index of changes for Ascomycetes

Spelling change Placopsis gelidioides ...... 10 Strigula oleistrata ...... 10

4 Index of changes for Bryatae

Spelling change Webera nutans var. longiseta ...... 10

5 Index of changes for Hepaticae

6 Index of changes for Magnoliopsida

Additions Thunbergia grandiflora ...... 14 Carex oshimensis ...... 15 Viburnum plicatum ...... 13 Fraxinus americana var. uhdei ...... 14 Viola sieboldii ...... 14 Vriesea ...... 15 Merges or Deletions Acer palmatum ...... 15 Classification change Citrus paradisi ...... 15 Kniphofia uvaria var. praecox ...... 12

Preferred Name change Taxonomy Article change bellidioides var. bellidioides .... Angophora costata ...... 14 ...... 12 Arrhenatherum elatius ...... 15 Brachyglottis southlandica var. southlandica .... Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum ...... 12 ...... 15 marginatus ...... 15 Brachyglottis bellidioides var. bellidioides .... ...... 15 ...... 12 Bryophyllum daigremontianum ...... 15 Brachyglottis southlandica var. southlandica .... Bryophyllum delagoense ...... 16 ...... 12 Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi ...... 16 Bromus catharticus ...... 15 Bryophyllum pinnatum ...... 16 Bromus willdenowii ...... 15 Bryophyllum ×houghtonii ...... 16 Bryophyllum ...... 15 lucida var. angustifolia ...... 13 Bryophyllum daigremontianum ...... 15 Cotyledon pinnata ...... 16 Bryophyllum delagoense ...... 16 Inula conyzae ...... 12 Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi ...... 16 Inula orientalis ...... 12 Bryophyllum pinnatum ...... 16 delagoensis ...... 16 Bryophyllum ×houghtonii ...... 16 Kalanchoe pinnata ...... 16 Carex flaviformis ...... 15 Kalanchoe tubiflora ...... 16 Coprosma lucida var. angustifolia ...... 13 Kalanchoe ×houghtonii ...... 16 jucunda ...... 12 Kniphofia uvaria ...... 12 Genista canariensis ...... 13 Nolina recurvata ...... 12 Inula conyzae ...... 12 Phoenix canariensis ...... 12 Inula orientalis ...... 12 Senecio bellidioides var. bellidioides ...... 13 Kalanchoe delagoensis ...... 16 Verbena tenuisecta ...... 14 Kalanchoe pinnata ...... 16 Kalanchoe tubiflora ...... 16 Linum bienne ...... 14 Biostatus change jucundum ...... 12 Agave sisalana ...... 12 Pastinaca sativa ...... 11 Bambusa oldhamii ...... 15 Phoenix canariensis ...... 12 Beaucarnea ...... 12 Teline canariensis ...... 13 Beaucarnea recurvata ...... 12 Beschorneria ...... 12 Carex oshimensis ...... 15 Spelling change Ceiba ...... 14 prominens ...... 13 Cunonia capensis ...... 14 Agave sisalana ...... 12 Dendrocalamus ...... 15 Anthericum cirratum ...... 12 Eryngium pandanifolium ...... 11 Arrhenatherum avenaceum ...... 15 Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. megalocarpa Banksia ...... 15 ...... 14 Barringtonia ...... 13 Forsythia ×intermedia ...... 14 Beaucarnea recurvata ...... 12 Grewia ...... 14 Bromus marginatus ...... 15 belmoreana ...... 12 Bryophyllum daigremontianum ...... 15 Jubaea chilensis ...... 12 Chionogentias saxosa ...... 13 Linnaea ×grandiflora ...... 13 Chorisia speciosa ...... 14 Macadamia integrifolia ...... 15 Cinnamomum camphora ...... 14 Phylica plumosa ...... 15 Citrus ×sinensis ...... 15 Premna ...... 14 Dombeya burgessiae ...... 14 Strelitzia ...... 16 Drimys winteri ...... 13 Strelitzia nicolai ...... 16 Euphorbia atoto ...... 14 Stromanthe ...... 16 Fraxinus americana var. uhdei ...... 14 Syzygium australe ...... 14 Grewia ...... 14

7 Jubaea chilensis ...... 12 nemoralis ...... 15 Malcolmia ...... 13 Malcolmia maritima ...... 13 Metrosideros collina ...... 14 Myrtus bullata ...... 14 Nolina recurvata ...... 12 phlogopappa ...... 12 Peucedanum sativum ...... 12 Pittosporum reflexum ...... 11 Premna ...... 14 Salicornia australis ...... 13 Salicornia australis ...... 13 Scorzonera scapigera ...... 13 Senecio puffinii ...... 13 Senecio rotundifolius ...... 13 Strelitzia nicolai ...... 16 Stromanthe ...... 16 Suttonia divaricata ...... 13 iridioides ...... 12 Utricularia dichotoma subsp. monanthos ...... 14

8 Index of changes for Polypodiopsida

Additions Blechnum novae-zelandiae ...... 18 Icarus ...... 18 Blechnum nudum ...... 18 Blechnum procerum ...... 18 Blechnum punctulatum ...... 18 Merges or Deletions Blechnum punctulatum var. punctulatum .... Blechnum norfolkianum ...... 17 ...... 18 Blechnum triangularifolium ...... 18 Blechnum zeelandicum ...... 18 Preferred Name change Doodia aspera ...... 18 Blechnopteris ...... 16 Doodia australis ...... 18 Blechnum aggregatum ...... 16 Doodia media var. caudata ...... 18 Blechnum banksii ...... 16 Lomaria banksii ...... 18 Blechnum capense var. hookerianum ...... 17 Lomaria duplicata ...... 18 Blechnum doodioides ...... 17 Lomaria latifolia ...... 19 Blechnum norfolkianum ...... 18 Lomaria nigra ...... 19 Blechnum nudum ...... 18 Lomaria norfolkiana ...... 19 Blechnum patersonii var. elongatum .... Lomaria procera var. tegmentosa ...... 19 ...... 18 Osmunda procera ...... 16 Blechnum punctulatum var. punctulatum .... Polybotrya nana ...... 19 ...... 18 Spicanta banksii ...... 19 Blechnum reptans ...... 18 Struthiopteris fraseri ...... 19 Doodia aucklandica ...... 18 Struthiopteris nigra ...... 19 Doodia media var. caudata ...... 18 Doodia media var. connexa ...... 18 Lomaria banksii ...... 18 Spelling change Lomaria doodioides ...... 18 ...... 16 Parablechnum ...... 19 Blechnopteris ...... 16 Spicanta ...... 19 Blechnum penna-marina subsp. alpina .... Spicanta banksii ...... 19 ...... 18 Stegania ...... 19 Icarus ...... 18 Onocleaceae ...... 19 Parablechnum ...... 19 Biostatus change Spicanta ...... 19 Blechnaceae ...... 16 Stegania ...... 19 Blechnum banksii ...... 16 Blechnum blechnoides ...... 16 Blechnum milnei ...... 17 Blechnum neohollandicum ...... 17 Blechnum norfolkianum ...... 18 Blechnum ×digenum ...... 18 Onocleaceae ...... 19

Taxonomy Article change Blechnum banksii ...... 16 Blechnum blechnoides ...... 16 Blechnum capense var. hookerianum ...... 17 Blechnum colensoi ...... 17 Blechnum deltoides ...... 17 Blechnum discolor ...... 17 Blechnum durum ...... 17 Blechnum filiforme ...... 17 Blechnum fluviatile ...... 17 Blechnum fraseri ...... 17 Blechnum lanceolatum var. norfolkianum ...... 17 Blechnum membranaceum ...... 17 Blechnum minus ...... 17 Blechnum montanum ...... 17 Blechnum neohollandicum ...... 17 Blechnum nigrum ...... 17 Blechnum norfolkianum ...... 18

9 Hierarchical checklist of changes

The following symbols are used to indicate changes to the data. Ⓐ: addition; ⊝: the removal or merging of scientific names; Ⓢ: a change to the spelling of the name; Ⓞ: a change in the origin information; Ⓟ: a change in th presence (occurrence) information; Ⓣ: a change in the taxonomic article; ⊜: a change to the preferred name; Ⓒ: a change to the classification (direct parent)

Rhodomelaceae Bostrychia fastigiata Hook.f. & Harv. Ⓢ = Bostrychia intricata (Bory) Mont. Ascomycetes Strigulaceae Strigula oleistrata M.Ford, Blanchon & de Lange Ⓢ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Agyriales Trapeliaceae Placopsis gelidioides Du Rietz Ⓢ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Bacillariophyceae Pennales Naviculaceae Navicula vittata var. rotoehuensis Foged ⊜ Ⓣ = Fallacia vittata var. rotoehuensis (Foged) M.A.Harper Harper, M.A., Cassie Cooper, V., Chang, F.H., Nelson, W.A. & Broady, P.A. (2012). . 2012: Phylum Ochrophyta: brown and golden-brown algae, diatoms, silicioflagellates, and kin.. In: New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. 3 ed. Phylum Ochrophyta: brown and golden-brown algae, diatoms, silicioflagellates, and kin.Christchurch, Canterbury University Press. 114-163. Bryatae Webera nutans var. longiseta Huebener Ⓢ = Pohlia nutans var. longiseta (Heubener) Delogne Bryopsida Bryales Mielichhoferiaceae Mielichhoferia bryoides (Harv.) Wijk & Margad. Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Mielichhoferiaceae Ⓢ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Mniaceae Epipterygium Lindb. Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Dicranales Dicranaceae Dicranum candidum Brid. ex P.Beauv. Ⓢ = Leucobryum javense (Brid.) Mitt. Leucobryaceae Leucobryaceae Schimp. Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Leucobryum Hampe Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Leucobryum candidum (Brid. ex P.Beauv.) Hook.f. & Wilson Ⓢ = Leucobryum javense (Brid.) Mitt. Hypnales Pterigynandraceae Pterigynandrum gracile Hedw. = Hypnum gracile (Hedw.) With. Pottiales Pottiaceae Barbula brevisetacea Hampe ex F.Muell. Ⓢ = Syntrichia papillosa (Wilson ex Spruce) Jur.

10 Tortula brevisetacea (Hampe ex F.Muell.) Thér. Ⓢ = Syntrichia papillosa (Wilson ex Spruce) Jur. Chlorophyceae Chlorococcales Radiococcaceae Neodesmus pupukensis (Kalina & Punčoch.) E.Hegewald & Hanagata Ⓢ Volvocales Chlamydomonadaceae Chlamydomonas rima E.A.Flint & H.Ettl Ⓢ Cyanophyceae Nostocales Nostocaceae Cylindrospermum rotoruense A.Nash Ⓢ Oscillatoriales Oscillatoriaceae Oscillatoria rotorua A.Nash Ⓢ Phormidiaceae Phormidium rotoruaeum A.Nash Ⓢ Cycadopsida Cycadales Cycadaceae Cycas revoluta Thunb. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Jungermanniopsida Jungermanniales Jungermanniaceae Jungermannia allophylla Hook.f. & Taylor Ⓢ = Lepidolaena reticulata (Hook.f. & Taylor) Trevis. Jungermannia dispar Mont. ex Hook.f. & Taylor Ⓢ = Kurzia hippuroides (Hook.f. & Taylor) Grolle Jungermannia furcata L. Ⓢ = Metzgeria furcata (L.) Corda Lophocoleaceae Leptoscyphus turgescens (Hook.f. & Taylor) Mitt. Ⓢ = Clasmatocolea strongylophylla (Hook.f. & Taylor) Grolle Porellales Frullaniaceae Frullania pycnantha (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees Ⓞ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Frullania scandens Mont. Ⓞ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Lejeuneaceae Cheilolejeunea intertexta (Lindenb.) Steph. ⓄⓅ Occurrence: Absent Colura pulcherrima var. bartlettii Jovet-Ast Ⓞ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Colura saccophylla E.A.Hodgs. & Herzog Ⓞ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Pycnolejeunea glauca Steph. ⊜ Ⓣ = Cheilolejeunea glauca (Steph.) Bevr. & Glenny Beveridge, P.; Glenny, D.; Shepherd, L. 2020: DNA sequencing supports the reinstatement of Pycnolejeunea glauca from synonymy of Cheilolejeunea intertexta, as Cheilolejeunea glauca comb. nov. (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta). Telopea 23: 169- 179. Magnoliopsida Apiales Pittosporaceae Pittosporum reflexum R.Cunn. ex A.Cunn. Ⓢ = Pittosporum pimeleoides A.Cunn. ex Putt. subsp. pimeleoides Umbelliferae Eryngium pandanifolium Cham. & Schltdl. ⓄⓅ Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Pastinaca sativa L. Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild

11 Webb, C.J.; Sykes, W.R.; Garnock-Jones, P.J. 1988: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons.Christchurch, Botany Division DSIR. Peucedanum sativum (L.) Benth. Ⓢ = Pastinaca sativa L. Palmae Howea belmoreana (C. Moore & F. Muell.) Becc. Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Phoenix canariensis Chabaud ⊜ Ⓣ = Phoenix canariensis H.Wildpret Asparagaceae Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Anthericum cirratum G.Forst. Ⓢ = Arthropodium cirratum (G.Forst.) R.Br. Beaucarnea Lem. ⓄⓅ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Beschorneria Kunth Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Nolina recurvata (Lem.) Hemsl. Ⓢ⊜ = Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. Asphodelaceae Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Hook. ⊜ = Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Oken Kniphofia uvaria var. praecox (Barker) A.Berger Ⓒ = Kniphofia praecox Baker Thelymitra iridioides Seib. ex Benth. Ⓢ = Thelymitra ixioides Sw. Compositae Brachyglottis bellidioides (Hook.f.) B.Nord. var. bellidioides ⊜ Ⓣ = Brachyglottis lagopus (Raoul) B.Nord. Brachyglottis southlandica (Cockayne) B.Nord. var. southlandica ⊜ Ⓣ = Brachyglottis lagopus (Raoul) B.Nord. Dimorphotheca jucunda E.Phillips Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Nordenstam, B.. 1994: Tribe Calenduleae. In: : Cladistics and Classification. Tribe CalenduleaePortland, Oregon, USA, Timber Press. 365-375. Inula conyzae (Griess.) Meikle ⊜ Ⓣ = Pentanema conyzae (Griess.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort. Gutiérrez-Larruscain, D.; Santos-Vicente, M.; Anderberg, A.A.; , E.; Martínez-Ortega, M.M. 2018: Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): Evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema. Taxon 67(1): 149-164. Inula orientalis Lam. ⊜ Ⓣ = Pentanema orientale (Lam.) D.Gut.Larr.,Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort. Gutiérrez-Larruscain, D.; Santos-Vicente, M.; Anderberg, A.A.; , E.; Martínez-Ortega, M.M. 2018: Phylogeny of the Inula group (Asteraceae: Inuleae): Evidence from nuclear and plastid genomes and a recircumscription of Pentanema. Taxon 67(1): 149-164. Olearia phlogopappa DC. Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Osteospermum jucundum (E.Phillips) Norl. Ⓣ = Dimorphotheca jucunda E.Phillips Nordenstam, B.. 1994: Tribe Calenduleae. In: Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Tribe CalenduleaePortland, Oregon, USA, Timber Press. 365-375.

12 Scorzonera scapigera Sol. ex A.Cunn. Ⓢ = scapigera (Sol. ex A.Cunn.) Sch.Bip. Senecio bellidioides Hook.f. var. bellidioides ⊜ = Brachyglottis lagopus (Raoul) B.Nord. Senecio puffinii Allan ex Rehder Ⓢ = Brachyglottis rotundifolia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Senecio rotundifolius (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Hook.f. Ⓢ = Brachyglottis rotundifolia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Brassicales Cruciferae Malcolmia W.T.Aiton Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Malcolmia maritima (L.) W.T.Aiton Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Canellales Winteraceae Drimys winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Caryophyllales Amaranthaceae Salicornia australis Sol. ex G.Forst. Ⓢ = Salicornia quinqueflora Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. Salicornia australis Sol. ex. Benth. Ⓢ = Salicornia quinqueflora Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. Dipsacales Adoxaceae Viburnum plicatum Thunb. Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Caprifoliaceae Abelia ×grandiflora (André) Rehder = Linnaea ×grandiflora (André) Christenh. Linnaea ×grandiflora (André) Christenh. Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Lecythidaceae Barringtonia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Absent Suttonia divaricata (A.Cunn.) Hook.f. Ⓢ = divaricata A.Cunn. Leguminosae Acacia prominens A.Cunn. ex G.Don Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Genista canariensis L. Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Pardo, C.; Cubas, P.; Tahiri, H. 2004: Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Genista (Leguminosae) and related genera based on nucleotide sequences of nrDNA (ITS region) and cpDNA (trnL-trnF intergenic spacer). Plant Systematics and Evolution 244: 93-119. Teline canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel. Ⓣ = Genista canariensis L. Pardo, C.; Cubas, P.; Tahiri, H. 2004: Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Genista (Leguminosae) and related genera based on nucleotide sequences of nrDNA (ITS region) and cpDNA (trnL-trnF intergenic spacer). Plant Systematics and Evolution 244: 93-119. Gentianaceae Chionogentias saxosa (G.Forst.) L.G.Adams Ⓢ = Gentianella saxosa (G.Forst.) Holub Coprosma lucida var. angustifolia Cheeseman ⊜ Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Allan, H.H. 1961: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. I. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones.Wellington, Government Printer.

13 Lamiales Acanthaceae Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb. ex Rottler) Roxb. Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Labiatae Premna L. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Lentibulariaceae Utricularia dichotoma subsp. monanthos (Hook.f.) R.W.Jobson Ⓢ Occurrence: Absent Oleaceae Forsythia ×intermedia Zabel Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Fraxinus americana var. uhdei Wenz. ⒶⓈ = Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingl. Verbenaceae Verbena tenuisecta Briq. ⊜ = Glandularia aristigera (S.Moore) Tronc. Laurales Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia atoto G.Forst. Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Absent Linaceae Linum bienne Mill. Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Webb, C.J.; Sykes, W.R.; Garnock-Jones, P.J. 1988: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons.Christchurch, Botany Division DSIR. Violaceae Viola sieboldii Maxim. Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Recorded in error Malvales Malvaceae Ceiba Mill. ⓄⓅ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Chorisia speciosa A.St.-Hil., A.Juss. & Cambess. Ⓢ = Ceiba speciosa (A.St.-Hil.) Ravenna Dombeya burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv. & Sond. Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Grewia L. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Myrtales Myrtaceae Angophora costata (Gaertn.) Britten Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Britten, J. 1916: The plants of Salisbury's "Prodromus" (1796). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 54: 37-65. Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. megalocarpa Boland Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Metrosideros collina (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) A.Gray Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Myrtus bullata Sol. ex A.Cunn. Ⓢ = Lophomyrtus bullata Burret Syzygium australe (Link) B.Hyland Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Oxalidales Cunoniaceae Cunonia capensis L. Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture

14 Bromeliaceae Vriesea ⓄⓅ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Carex flaviformis Nelmes Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Moore, L.B.; Edgar, E. 1970: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. II. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Monocotyledones except Gramineae.Wellington, Botany Division DSIR. Carex oshimensis Nakai ⒶⓅ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Hutch. & Dalziel Ⓢ = Cyperus mindorensis (Steud.) Huygh Gramineae Arrhenatherum avenaceum (Scop.) P.Beauv. Ⓢ = Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P.Beauv. ex J.Presl & C.Presl Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Edgar, E.; Connor, H.E. 2010: Flora of New Zealand Volume V Grasses. Manaaki Whenua Press. 673 p. Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & G.Martens Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Edgar, E.; Connor, H.E. 2010: Flora of New Zealand Volume V Grasses. Manaaki Whenua Press. 673 p. Bambusa oldhamii Munro Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Bromus catharticus Vahl Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Verloove, F. 2012: A revision of Bromus section Ceratochloa (, ) in Belgium. Dumortiera 101: 30-45. Bromus marginatus Steud. Ⓢ⊜ = Bromus carinatus var. marginatus (Steud.) Barkworth & Anderton Bromus willdenowii Kunth Ⓣ = Bromus catharticus Vahl Verloove, F. 2012: A revision of Bromus section Ceratochloa (Pooideae, Poaceae) in Belgium. Dumortiera 101: 30-45. Dendrocalamus Nees ⓄⓅ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Proteales Proteaceae Banksia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Ⓢ = Pimelea Sol. ex Gaertn. Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Rosales Rhamnaceae Phylica plumosa L. Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Recorded in error Citrus paradisi Macfad. ⊝ Sapindales Rutaceae Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck Ⓢ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Sapindaceae Acer palmatum (Thunb.) Murray ⊝ Bryophyllum Salisb. ⊜ Ⓣ = Kalanchoe Adans. Mabberley, D.J. 2017: Mabberley's plant book, a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press. 1102 p. Bryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A. Berger Ⓢ⊜ Ⓣ = Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier

15 Mabberley, D.J. 2017: Mabberley's plant book, a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press. 1102 p. Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz ⊜ Ⓣ = Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. Mabberley, D.J. 2017: Mabberley's plant book, a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press. 1102 p. Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) Lauz.-March. ⊜ Ⓣ = Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken ⊜ Ⓣ = Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Bryophyllum ×houghtonii (D.B.Ward) P.I.Forst. ⊜ Ⓣ = Kalanchoe ×houghtonii D.B.Ward Mabberley, D.J. 2017: Mabberley's plant book, a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press. 1102 p. Cotyledon pinnata Lam. ⊜ = Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. ⊜ Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Mabberley, D.J. 2017: Mabberley's plant book, a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press. 1102 p. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. ⊜ Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Wild Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harv.) Raym.-Hamet ⊜ Ⓣ Kalanchoe ×houghtonii D.B.Ward ⊜ Zingiberales Marantaceae Stromanthe Sond. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Strelitziaceae Strelitzia ⓄⓅ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Körn. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Pinopsida Cupressaceae Callitris macleayana (F.Muell.) F.Meull. ⒶⓄⓅ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture Pinaceae Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G.Don Ⓟ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Present in captivity/cultivation/culture henkelii Stapf ex Dallim. & A.B.Jacks. ⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Polypodiopsida Osmundales Osmundaceae Osmunda procera G.Forst. Ⓣ = Blechnum procerum (G.Forst.) Sw. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnaceae Blechnaceae Newman ⓄⓈ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Blechnopteris Trevis. Ⓢ⊜ = Blechnum L. Blechnum aggregatum Tindale ⊜ Origin: Indigenous; Occurrence: Wild Blechnum banksii (Hook.f.) Mett. ex Diels Ⓞ⊜ Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Blechnum blechnoides (Bory) Keyserl. ⓄⓅⓉ Occurrence: Absent

16 Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum capense var. hookerianum Domin ⊜ Ⓣ = Blechnum procerum (G.Forst.) Sw. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum colensoi (Hook.f.) N.A.Wakef. Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum deltoides (Colenso) T.C.Chambers Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum discolor (G.Forst.) Keyserl. Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum doodioides (Brack.) Brownlie ⊜ Origin: Indigenous; Occurrence: Wild Blechnum durum (T.Moore) C.Chr. Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum filiforme (A.Cunn.) Ettingsh. Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum fluviatile (R.Br.) Lowe ex Salomon Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum fraseri (A.Cunn.) Luerss. Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum lanceolatum var. norfolkianum (Heward) Domin Ⓣ = Blechnum norfolkianum (Heward) Maiden Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum membranaceum (Colenso ex Hook.) Mett. ex Diels Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum milnei (Carruth.) C.Chr. ⓄⓅ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Absent Blechnum minus (R.Br.) Ettingsh. Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum montanum T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum neohollandicum Christenh. ⓄⓅⓉ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum nigrum (Colenso) Mett. Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum norfolkianum (Heward) C.Chr. ⊝

17 Blechnum norfolkianum (Heward) Maiden Ⓞ⊜ Ⓣ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum novae-zelandiae T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum nudum sensu New Zealand authors ⊜ Ⓣ = Blechnum punctulatum Sw. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum patersonii var. elongatum (Blume) Domin ⊜ Origin: Indigenous; Occurrence: Wild Blechnum penna-marina subsp. alpina (R.Br.) T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant Ⓢ Origin: Non-endemic; Occurrence: Wild Blechnum procerum (G.Forst.) Sw. Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum punctulatum Sw. Ⓣ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum punctulatum Sw. var. punctulatum ⊜ Ⓣ = Blechnum punctulatum Sw. Blechnum reptans Luerss. ⊜ Origin: Indigenous; Occurrence: Wild Blechnum triangularifolium T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum zeelandicum Christenh. Ⓣ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Blechnum ×digenum (Parris) Brownsey & Perrie ⓄⓅ Origin: Endemic; Occurrence: Wild Doodia aspera R.Br. Ⓣ = Blechnum neohollandicum Christenh. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Doodia aucklandica Field ⊜ Doodia australis (Parris) Parris Ⓣ = Blechnum parrisiae Christenh. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Doodia media var. caudata G.M.Thomson ⊜ Ⓣ Origin: Indigenous; Occurrence: Wild Doodia media var. connexa G.M.Thomson ⊜ Doodia ×digena Parris = Blechnum ×digenum (Parris) Brownsey & Perrie Icarus Gasper & Salino ⒶⓈ = Blechnum L. Lomaria banksii Hook.f. ⊜ Ⓣ = Blechnum banksii (Hook.f.) Mett. ex Diels Lomaria doodioides Brack. ⊜ Origin: Indigenous; Occurrence: Wild Lomaria duplicata Potts Ⓣ = Blechnum procerum (G.Forst.) Sw. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Lomaria dura T.Moore = Blechnum durum (T.Moore) C.Chr.

18 Lomaria filiformis A.Cunn. = Blechnum filiforme (A.Cunn.) Ettingsh. Lomaria latifolia Colenso Ⓣ = Blechnum procerum (G.Forst.) Sw. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Lomaria nigra Colenso Ⓣ = Blechnum nigrum (Colenso) Mett. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Lomaria norfolkiana Heward Ⓣ = Blechnum norfolkianum (Heward) Maiden Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Lomaria procera var. tegmentosa Hombr. Ⓣ = Blechnum montanum T.C.Chambers & P.A.Farrant Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Parablechnum C.Presl Ⓢ⊜ = Blechnum L. Spicanta C.Presl Ⓢ⊜ = Blechnum L. Spicanta banksii (Hook.f.) Kuntze ⊜ Ⓣ = Blechnum banksii (Hook.f.) Mett. ex Diels Stegania R.Br. Ⓢ⊜ = Blechnum L. Struthiopteris fraseri (A.Cunn.) Ching Ⓣ = Blechnum fraseri (A.Cunn.) Luerss. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Struthiopteris nigra (Colenso) Ching Ⓣ = Blechnum nigrum (Colenso) Mett. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Dryopteridaceae Polybotrya nana Fée Ⓣ = Blechnum nigrum (Colenso) Mett. Brownsey, P.J.; Perrie, L.R.2020: Blechnaceae. In : Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes; Onocleaceae Onocleaceae Pic.Serm. ⓄⓅⓈ Origin: Exotic; Occurrence: Sometimes present

19