Ab o u t ts F r c e a ig

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c n e u x d t o s r t p a r g u e i o n t o f he journey

Matching traded to the right vessel takes flexibility, meticulous planning and highly specialized knowledge. Louis Dreyfus Company (LDC) invests in world-class logistics and tracking technology, and continually upgrades its facilities and chartered fleet around the world, to deliver the most efficient Freight services to our customers and partners.

A brief history of maritime trade:

1450 - 1815 - 1950 - tomorrow 1815 1950 today

Global trade blossoms after voyages Empires make use of new steam With the rise of bulk shipping, companies A greener and more of discovery reach the New World engines and steel hulls to further their turn to oil - and diesel-fueled machinery responsible shipping business model across the globe and welded steel hulls, enabling a new, notably through low-cost model emission reduction

Maritime trade accounts for 11 BILLION Today, the world’s main of goods traded annually shipyards are in around the world

90% 50% China Japan dry bulk, of which 15% of global trade is agri-products S.Korea Philippines

It takes approximately Common life span of a cargo vessel is Right now, there are as many as 12 MONTHS to build a cargo 20-30 YEARS 60,000 VESSELS ON THE JOB

Dry bulk carriers can carry grains, Wet tankers are for vegetable oils, Liners carry containers packed Refrigerated transport oilseeds, sugar, rice and minerals ethanol and biodiesel with coffee and cotton orange juice

The QUANTITY A VESSEL CAN CARRY SAFELY is measured in DWT – which stands for “deadweight ” and accommodate vessels based on , LENGTH, WIDTH and DWT There are many different types of bulk carriers,

with different capacities: Air Draft

Free Board Water line (Water) Draf t Draft (draught)

Beam Portside (On the right) Starboard (On the left )

Aft LOA (length over all)

Capesize: 100,000 – 400,000 dwt (255-365m)

A ship floats higher in COLD SEA SALT WATER : 69,000 – 99,000 dwt (220-240m) than in

WARM FRESH WATER

NI HAO NI

Supramax: 41,000 – 64,000 dwt (190-200m)

O HA NI

Handysize: 18,000 – 40,000 dwt (145-190m)

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Coaster: 2,000 - 5,000 dwt (100 - 120m)

Journey: 5 weeks Vessel type: Panamax Soybean shipment time Speed: 11 knots (20km/h) from Brazil to China: Cargo intake: 70 000 tons Crew: 20-25 people Equivalent to the height of the Eiffel tower (324m)

* What you would have to spend to buy a new Panamax: US$ 25-30 million (as of 2018)

To learn more about our freight business, visit our website at www.LDC.com