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GPAW, Gpus, and LUMI
GPAW, GPUs, and LUMI Martti Louhivuori, CSC - IT Center for Science Jussi Enkovaara GPAW 2021: Users and Developers Meeting, 2021-06-01 Outline LUMI supercomputer Brief history of GPAW with GPUs GPUs and DFT Current status Roadmap LUMI - EuroHPC system of the North Pre-exascale system with AMD CPUs and GPUs ~ 550 Pflop/s performance Half of the resources dedicated to consortium members Programming for LUMI Finland, Belgium, Czechia, MPI between nodes / GPUs Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, HIP and OpenMP for GPUs Norway, Poland, Sweden, and how to use Python with AMD Switzerland GPUs? https://www.lumi-supercomputer.eu GPAW and GPUs: history (1/2) Early proof-of-concept implementation for NVIDIA GPUs in 2012 ground state DFT and real-time TD-DFT with finite-difference basis separate version for RPA with plane-waves Hakala et al. in "Electronic Structure Calculations on Graphics Processing Units", Wiley (2016), https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118670712 PyCUDA, cuBLAS, cuFFT, custom CUDA kernels Promising performance with factor of 4-8 speedup in best cases (CPU node vs. GPU node) GPAW and GPUs: history (2/2) Code base diverged from the main branch quite a bit proof-of-concept implementation had lots of quick and dirty hacks fixes and features were pulled from other branches and patches no proper unit tests for GPU functionality active development stopped soon after publications Before development re-started, code didn't even work anymore on modern GPUs without applying a few small patches Lesson learned: try to always get new functionality to the -
MODELLER 10.1 Manual
MODELLER A Program for Protein Structure Modeling Release 10.1, r12156 Andrej Saliˇ with help from Ben Webb, M.S. Madhusudhan, Min-Yi Shen, Guangqiang Dong, Marc A. Martı-Renom, Narayanan Eswar, Frank Alber, Maya Topf, Baldomero Oliva, Andr´as Fiser, Roberto S´anchez, Bozidar Yerkovich, Azat Badretdinov, Francisco Melo, John P. Overington, and Eric Feyfant email: modeller-care AT salilab.org URL https://salilab.org/modeller/ 2021/03/12 ii Contents Copyright notice xxi Acknowledgments xxv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is Modeller?............................................. 1 1.2 Modeller bibliography....................................... .... 2 1.3 Obtainingandinstallingtheprogram. .................... 3 1.4 Bugreports...................................... ............ 4 1.5 Method for comparative protein structure modeling by Modeller ................... 5 1.6 Using Modeller forcomparativemodeling. ... 8 1.6.1 Preparinginputfiles . ............. 8 1.6.2 Running Modeller ......................................... 9 2 Automated comparative modeling with AutoModel 11 2.1 Simpleusage ..................................... ............ 11 2.2 Moreadvancedusage............................... .............. 12 2.2.1 Including water molecules, HETATM residues, and hydrogenatoms .............. 12 2.2.2 Changing the default optimization and refinement protocol ................... 14 2.2.3 Getting a very fast and approximate model . ................. 14 2.2.4 Building a model from multiple templates . .................. 15 2.2.5 Buildinganallhydrogenmodel -
Free and Open Source Software for Computational Chemistry Education
Free and Open Source Software for Computational Chemistry Education Susi Lehtola∗,y and Antti J. Karttunenz yMolecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States zDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland E-mail: [email protected].fi Abstract Long in the making, computational chemistry for the masses [J. Chem. Educ. 1996, 73, 104] is finally here. We point out the existence of a variety of free and open source software (FOSS) packages for computational chemistry that offer a wide range of functionality all the way from approximate semiempirical calculations with tight- binding density functional theory to sophisticated ab initio wave function methods such as coupled-cluster theory, both for molecular and for solid-state systems. By their very definition, FOSS packages allow usage for whatever purpose by anyone, meaning they can also be used in industrial applications without limitation. Also, FOSS software has no limitations to redistribution in source or binary form, allowing their easy distribution and installation by third parties. Many FOSS scientific software packages are available as part of popular Linux distributions, and other package managers such as pip and conda. Combined with the remarkable increase in the power of personal devices—which rival that of the fastest supercomputers in the world of the 1990s—a decentralized model for teaching computational chemistry is now possible, enabling students to perform reasonable modeling on their own computing devices, in the bring your own device 1 (BYOD) scheme. In addition to the programs’ use for various applications, open access to the programs’ source code also enables comprehensive teaching strategies, as actual algorithms’ implementations can be used in teaching. -
Mercury 2.4 User Guide and Tutorials 2011 CSDS Release
Mercury 2.4 User Guide and Tutorials 2011 CSDS Release Copyright © 2010 The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre Registered Charity No 800579 Conditions of Use The Cambridge Structural Database System (CSD System) comprising all or some of the following: ConQuest, Quest, PreQuest, Mercury, (Mercury CSD and Materials module of Mercury), VISTA, Mogul, IsoStar, SuperStar, web accessible CSD tools and services, WebCSD, CSD Java sketcher, CSD data file, CSD-UNITY, CSD-MDL, CSD-SDfile, CSD data updates, sub files derived from the foregoing data files, documentation and command procedures (each individually a Component) is a database and copyright work belonging to the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) and its licensors and all rights are protected. Use of the CSD System is permitted solely in accordance with a valid Licence of Access Agreement and all Components included are proprietary. When a Component is supplied independently of the CSD System its use is subject to the conditions of the separate licence. All persons accessing the CSD System or its Components should make themselves aware of the conditions contained in the Licence of Access Agreement or the relevant licence. In particular: • The CSD System and its Components are licensed subject to a time limit for use by a specified organisation at a specified location. • The CSD System and its Components are to be treated as confidential and may NOT be disclosed or re- distributed in any form, in whole or in part, to any third party. • Software or data derived from or developed using the CSD System may not be distributed without prior written approval of the CCDC. -
Semiempirical Implementations of Molecular
Semiempirical Implementations of Molecular Orbital Theory How one can make Hartree-Fock theory less computationally intensive without much sacrificing its accuracy? The most demanding step – calculation of two-electron (four-index) integrals (J and K integrals) appearing in the Fock matrix elements (N4 where N is the number of basis functions). One way to save time – to estimate their value accurately in an a priori fashion and thus to avoid numerical integration. Coulomb integrals measure the repulsion between electrons in regions of space defined by the basis functions. When the basis functions in the integral for one electron are very far from the basis functions for the other, the value of that integral will approach zero. In a large molecule, one might be able to avoid the calculation of a very large number of integrals simply by assuming them to be zero. HF theory is intrinsically inaccurate as it does not include correlation energy. Therefore, modifications of the theory introduced in order to simplify its formalism may actually improve it, provided the new approximations somehow introduce an accounting for correlation energy. Most typically, such approximations involve the adoption of a parametric form for some aspect of the calculation where the parameters involved are chosen so as best reproduce experimental data – ‘semiempirical’. Another motivation for introducing semiempirical approximation into HF theory was to facilitate the computation of derivatives (gradients, Hessians) so that geometries could be more efficiently optimized. Extended Hückel Theory Before considering semiempirical methods we revisit Hückel theory: H11 − ES11 H12 − ES12 L H1N − ES1N H21 − ES21 H22 − ES22 L H2N − ES2N = 0 M M O M H − ES H − ES H − ES N1 N1 N2 N 2 L NN NN The dimension of the secular determinant depends on the choice of the basis set. -
Integrated Tools for Computational Chemical Dynamics
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Integrated Tools for Computational Chemical Dynamics • Developpp powerful simulation methods and incorporate them into a user- friendly high-throughput integrated software su ite for c hem ica l d ynami cs New Models (Methods) → Modules → Integrated Tools UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Development of new methods for the calculation of potential energy surface UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Development of new simulation methods UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Applications and Validations UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Electronic Software structu re Dynamics ANT QMMM GCMC MN-GFM POLYRATE GAMESSPLUS MN-NWCHEMFM MN-QCHEMFM HONDOPLUS MN-GSM Interfaces GaussRate JaguarRate NWChemRate UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Electronic Structure Software QMMM 1.3: QMMM is a computer program for combining quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular mechanics (MM). MN-GFM 3.0: MN-GFM is a module incorporating Minnesota DFT functionals into GAUSSIAN 03. MN-GSM 626.2:MN: MN-GSM is a module incorporating the SMx solvation models and other enhancements into GAUSSIAN 03. MN-NWCHEMFM 2.0:MN-NWCHEMFM is a module incorporating Minnesota DFT functionals into NWChem 505.0. MN-QCHEMFM 1.0: MN-QCHEMFM is a module incorporating Minnesota DFT functionals into Q-CHEM. GAMESSPLUS 4.8: GAMESSPLUS is a module incorporating the SMx solvation models and other enhancements into GAMESS. HONDOPLUS 5.1: HONDOPLUS is a computer program incorporating the SMx solvation models and other photochemical diabatic states into HONDO. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DiSftDynamics Software ANT 07: ANT is a molecular dynamics program for performing classical and semiclassical trajjyectory simulations for adiabatic and nonadiabatic processes. GCMC: GCMC is a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) module for the simulation of adsorption isotherms in heterogeneous catalysts. -
GROMACS: Fast, Flexible, and Free
GROMACS: Fast, Flexible, and Free DAVID VAN DER SPOEL,1 ERIK LINDAHL,2 BERK HESS,3 GERRIT GROENHOF,4 ALAN E. MARK,4 HERMAN J. C. BERENDSEN4 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden 2Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, SCFAB, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden 3Max-Planck Institut fu¨r Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany 4Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Received 12 February 2005; Accepted 18 March 2005 DOI 10.1002/jcc.20291 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). Abstract: This article describes the software suite GROMACS (Groningen MAchine for Chemical Simulation) that was developed at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, in the early 1990s. The software, written in ANSI C, originates from a parallel hardware project, and is well suited for parallelization on processor clusters. By careful optimization of neighbor searching and of inner loop performance, GROMACS is a very fast program for molecular dynamics simulation. It does not have a force field of its own, but is compatible with GROMOS, OPLS, AMBER, and ENCAD force fields. In addition, it can handle polarizable shell models and flexible constraints. The program is versatile, as force routines can be added by the user, tabulated functions can be specified, and analyses can be easily customized. Nonequilibrium dynamics and free energy determinations are incorporated. Interfaces with popular quantum-chemical packages (MOPAC, GAMES-UK, GAUSSIAN) are provided to perform mixed MM/QM simula- tions. The package includes about 100 utility and analysis programs. -
Real-Time Pymol Visualization for Rosetta and Pyrosetta
Real-Time PyMOL Visualization for Rosetta and PyRosetta Evan H. Baugh1, Sergey Lyskov1, Brian D. Weitzner1, Jeffrey J. Gray1,2* 1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Program in Molecular Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America Abstract Computational structure prediction and design of proteins and protein-protein complexes have long been inaccessible to those not directly involved in the field. A key missing component has been the ability to visualize the progress of calculations to better understand them. Rosetta is one simulation suite that would benefit from a robust real-time visualization solution. Several tools exist for the sole purpose of visualizing biomolecules; one of the most popular tools, PyMOL (Schro¨dinger), is a powerful, highly extensible, user friendly, and attractive package. Integrating Rosetta and PyMOL directly has many technical and logistical obstacles inhibiting usage. To circumvent these issues, we developed a novel solution based on transmitting biomolecular structure and energy information via UDP sockets. Rosetta and PyMOL run as separate processes, thereby avoiding many technical obstacles while visualizing information on-demand in real-time. When Rosetta detects changes in the structure of a protein, new coordinates are sent over a UDP network socket to a PyMOL instance running a UDP socket listener. PyMOL then interprets and displays the molecule. This implementation also allows remote execution of Rosetta. When combined with PyRosetta, this visualization solution provides an interactive environment for protein structure prediction and design. Citation: Baugh EH, Lyskov S, Weitzner BD, Gray JJ (2011) Real-Time PyMOL Visualization for Rosetta and PyRosetta. -
Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development
processes Review Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Outi M. H. Salo-Ahen 1,2,* , Ida Alanko 1,2, Rajendra Bhadane 1,2 , Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin 3,* , Rodrigo Vargas Honorato 3, Shakhawath Hossain 4 , André H. Juffer 5 , Aleksei Kabedev 4, Maija Lahtela-Kakkonen 6, Anders Støttrup Larsen 7, Eveline Lescrinier 8 , Parthiban Marimuthu 1,2 , Muhammad Usman Mirza 8 , Ghulam Mustafa 9, Ariane Nunes-Alves 10,11,* , Tatu Pantsar 6,12, Atefeh Saadabadi 1,2 , Kalaimathy Singaravelu 13 and Michiel Vanmeert 8 1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory (Pharmacy), Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Biocity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; ida.alanko@abo.fi (I.A.); rajendra.bhadane@abo.fi (R.B.); parthiban.marimuthu@abo.fi (P.M.); atefeh.saadabadi@abo.fi (A.S.) 2 Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory (Biochemistry), Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Biocity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland 3 Faculty of Science-Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; [email protected] 4 Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (A.K.) 5 Biocenter Oulu & Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 7 A, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; andre.juffer@oulu.fi 6 School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland; maija.lahtela-kakkonen@uef.fi (M.L.-K.); tatu.pantsar@uef.fi -
An Efficient Hardware-Software Approach to Network Fault Tolerance with Infiniband
An Efficient Hardware-Software Approach to Network Fault Tolerance with InfiniBand Abhinav Vishnu1 Manoj Krishnan1 and Dhableswar K. Panda2 Pacific Northwest National Lab1 The Ohio State University2 Outline Introduction Background and Motivation InfiniBand Network Fault Tolerance Primitives Hybrid-IBNFT Design Hardware-IBNFT and Software-IBNFT Performance Evaluation of Hybrid-IBNFT Micro-benchmarks and NWChem Conclusions and Future Work Introduction Clusters are observing a tremendous increase in popularity Excellent price to performance ratio 82% supercomputers are clusters in June 2009 TOP500 rankings Multiple commodity Interconnects have emerged during this trend InfiniBand, Myrinet, 10GigE …. InfiniBand has become popular Open standard and high performance Various topologies have emerged for interconnecting InfiniBand Fat tree is the predominant topology TACC Ranger, PNNL Chinook 3 Typical InfiniBand Fat Tree Configurations 144-Port Switch Block Diagram Multiple leaf and spine blocks 12 Spine Available in 144, 288 and 3456 port Blocks combinations 12 Leaf Blocks Multiple paths are available between nodes present on different switch blocks Oversubscribed configurations are becoming popular 144-Port Switch Block Diagram Better cost to performance ratio 12 Spine Blocks 12 Spine 12 Spine Blocks Blocks 12 Leaf 12 Leaf Blocks Blocks 4 144-Port Switch Block Diagram 144-Port Switch Block Diagram Network Faults Links/Switches/Adapters may fail with reduced MTBF (Mean time between failures) Fortunately, InfiniBand provides mechanisms to handle -
An Explicit-Solvent Conformation Search Method Using Open Software
An explicit-solvent conformation search method using open software Kari Gaalswyk and Christopher N. Rowley Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada ABSTRACT Computer modeling is a popular tool to identify the most-probable conformers of a molecule. Although the solvent can have a large effect on the stability of a conformation, many popular conformational search methods are only capable of describing molecules in the gas phase or with an implicit solvent model. We have developed a work-flow for performing a conformation search on explicitly-solvated molecules using open source software. This method uses replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) to sample the conformational states of the molecule efficiently. Cluster analysis is used to identify the most probable conformations from the simulated trajectory. This work-flow was tested on drug molecules a-amanitin and cabergoline to illustrate its capabilities and effectiveness. The preferred conformations of these molecules in gas phase, implicit solvent, and explicit solvent are significantly different. Subjects Biophysics, Pharmacology, Computational Science Keywords Conformation search, Explicit solvent, Cluster analysis, Replica exchange molecular dynamics INTRODUCTION Many molecules can exist in multiple conformational isomers. Conformational isomers have the same chemical bonds, but differ in their 3D geometry because they hold different torsional angles (Crippen & Havel, 1988). The conformation of a molecule can affect Submitted 5 April 2016 chemical reactivity, molecular binding, and biological activity (Struthers, Rivier & Accepted 6May2016 Published 31 May 2016 Hagler, 1985; Copeland, 2011). Conformations differ in stability because they experience different steric, electrostatic, and solute-solvent interactions. The probability, p,ofa Corresponding author Christopher N. -
Semiempirical Quantum-Chemical Methods Max-Planck-Institut Für
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci. 4, 145-157 (2014), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.1161. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self- Archived Versions. Semiempirical quantum-chemical methods Walter Thiel Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany [email protected] Abstract The semiempirical methods of quantum chemistry are reviewed, with emphasis on established NDDO-based methods (MNDO, AM1, PM3) and on the more recent orthogonalization-corrected methods (OM1, OM2, OM3). After a brief historical overview, the methodology is presented in non- technical terms, covering the underlying concepts, parameterization strategies, and computational aspects, as well as linear scaling and hybrid approaches. The application section addresses selected recent benchmarks and surveys ground-state and excited-state studies, including recent OM2- based excited-state dynamics investigations. Introduction Quantum mechanics provides the conceptual framework for understanding chemistry and the theoretical foundation for computational methods that model the electronic structure of chemical compounds. There are three types of such approaches: Quantum-chemical ab initio methods provide a convergent path to the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation and can therefore give “the right answer for the right reason”, but they are costly and thus restricted to relatively small molecules (at least in the case of the highly accurate correlated approaches). Density functional theory (DFT) has become the workhorse of computational chemistry because of its favourable price/performance ratio, allowing for fairly accurate calculations on medium-size molecules, but there is no systematic path of improvement in spite of the first-principles character of DFT.