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Fauna of Australia 2A
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE Thomas C. Burton 1 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE Pl 1.3. Cophixalus ornatus (Microhylidae): usually found in leaf litter, this tiny frog is endemic to the wet tropics of northern Queensland. [H. Cogger] 2 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Microhylidae is a family of firmisternal frogs, which have broad sacral diapophyses, one or more transverse folds on the surface of the roof of the mouth, and a unique slip to the abdominal musculature, the m. rectus abdominis pars anteroflecta (Burton 1980). All but one of the Australian microhylids are small (snout to vent length less than 35 mm), and all have procoelous vertebrae, are toothless and smooth-bodied, with transverse grooves on the tips of their variously expanded digits. The terminal phalanges of fingers and toes of all Australian microhylids are T-shaped or Y-shaped (Pl. 1.3) with transverse grooves. The Microhylidae consists of eight subfamilies, of which two, the Asterophryinae and Genyophryninae, occur in the Australopapuan region. Only the Genyophryninae occurs in Australia, represented by Cophixalus (11 species) and Sphenophryne (five species). Two newly discovered species of Cophixalus await description (Tyler 1989a). As both genera are also represented in New Guinea, information available from New Guinean species is included in this chapter to remedy deficiencies in knowledge of the Australian fauna. HISTORY OF DISCOVERY The Australian microhylids generally are small, cryptic and tropical, and so it was not until 100 years after European settlement that the first species, Cophixalus ornatus, was collected, in 1888 (Fry 1912). As the microhylids are much more prominent and diverse in New Guinea than in Australia, Australian specimens have been referred to New Guinean species from the time of the early descriptions by Fry (1915), whilst revisions by Parker (1934) and Loveridge (1935) minimised the extent of endemism in Australia. -
The Impact of Anchored Phylogenomics and Taxon Sampling on Phylogenetic Inference in Narrow-Mouthed Frogs (Anura, Microhylidae)
Cladistics Cladistics (2015) 1–28 10.1111/cla.12118 The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae) Pedro L.V. Pelosoa,b,*, Darrel R. Frosta, Stephen J. Richardsc, Miguel T. Rodriguesd, Stephen Donnellane, Masafumi Matsuif, Cristopher J. Raxworthya, S.D. Bijug, Emily Moriarty Lemmonh, Alan R. Lemmoni and Ward C. Wheelerj aDivision of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; bRichard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; cHerpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; dDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias,^ Universidade de Sao~ Paulo, Rua do Matao,~ Trav. 14, n 321, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa Postal 11461, CEP 05422-970, Sao~ Paulo, Sao~ Paulo, Brazil; eCentre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; fGraduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; gSystematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; hDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; iDepartment of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA; jDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA Accepted 4 February 2015 Abstract Despite considerable progress in unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of microhylid frogs, relationships among subfami- lies remain largely unstable and many genera are not demonstrably monophyletic. -
ARAZPA YOTF Infopack.Pdf
ARAZPA 2008 Year of the Frog Campaign Information pack ARAZPA 2008 Year of the Frog Campaign Printing: The ARAZPA 2008 Year of the Frog Campaign pack was generously supported by Madman Printing Phone: +61 3 9244 0100 Email: [email protected] Front cover design: Patrick Crawley, www.creepycrawleycartoons.com Mobile: 0401 316 827 Email: [email protected] Front cover photo: Pseudophryne pengilleyi, Northern Corroboree Frog. Photo courtesy of Lydia Fucsko. Printed on 100% recycled stock 2 ARAZPA 2008 Year of the Frog Campaign Contents Foreword.........................................................................................................................................5 Foreword part II ………………………………………………………………………………………… ...6 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................9 Section 1: Why A Campaign?....................................................................................................11 The Connection Between Man and Nature........................................................................11 Man’s Effect on Nature ......................................................................................................11 Frogs Matter ......................................................................................................................11 The Problem ......................................................................................................................12 The Reason -
Northern Territory NT Page 1 of 204 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region Northern Territory, Northern Territory
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. -
Papua New Guinea’S
Papua New Guinea’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity December 2017 Papua New Guinea’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Table of Contents Page Executive Summary 1 Part I Biodiversity Status, Trends and Threats and Implications for Human Well-being 16 1. Biodiversity importance in PNG 16 1.1 Human well-being 16 1.2 Socio-economic development 17 1.3 Biodiversity and ecosystems of PNG 19 1.3.1 Terrestrial biodiversity 20 1.3.2 Marine biodiversity 27 2. Major changes in the status and trends of Biodiversity in PNG 28 2.1 Biodiversity status 28 2.1.1 Protected Areas status 31 2.1.2 Species status 32 2.2 Biodiversity trends 34 2.2.1 Trends in Terrestrial biodiversity 34 2.2.2 Trends in Marine biodiversity 39 2.3 Case studies 40 2.3.1 Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program 40 2.3.2 Tenkile Conservation Program 43 2.3.3 Netuli Locally Managed Marine Area 46 2.3.4 Sustainable Wildlife Trade-CITES-Crocodile skin Trade 47 2.3.5 Sustainable Wildlife trade-CITES-Insect trade 48 2.3.6 Beche-de-mer trade 49 2.3.7 Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) 50 3. Main threats to Biodiversity in PNG 54 3.1 Landuse change 54 3.1.1 Commercial logging 55 3.1.2 Subsistence agriculture 55 3.1.3 Commercial agriculture 56 3.1.4 Mining 57 3.1.5 Fire 60 3.2 Climate change 61 3.2.1 Terrestrial ecosystems 61 3.2.2 Marine ecosystems 62 3.2.3 Coastal ecosystems 63 3.3 Direct Exploitation 64 3.3.1 Overfishing 65 3.3.2 Firewood 66 3.3.3 Subsistence hunting 67 3.3.4 Non-wood forest products 70 3.4 Eutrophication 70 3.5 Ocean Acidification 72 3.6 Invasive species 72 3.7 Roads 76 3.8 Over-exploitation 76 3.9 Destructive fishing 77 2 Papua New Guinea’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity 3.10 Climate change in a marine environment 78 3.11 Pollution 80 3.12 Extractive industries 81 3.13 Development corridors 83 3.14 Illegal export/Trade 86 3.15 Other Underlying drivers of biodiversity change 87 4. -
Final Frontier: Newly Discovered Species of New Guinea
REPORT 2011 Conservation Climate Change Sustainability Final Frontier: Newly discovered species of New Guinea (1998 - 2008) WWF Western Melanesia Programme Office Author: Christian Thompson (the green room) www.greenroomenvironmental.com, with contributions from Neil Stronach, Eric Verheij, Ted Mamu (WWF Western Melanesia), Susanne Schmitt and Mark Wright (WWF-UK), Design: Torva Thompson (the green room) Front cover photo: Varanus macraei © Lutz Obelgonner. This page: The low water in a river exposes the dry basin, at the end of the dry season in East Sepik province, Papua New Guinea. © Text 2011 WWF WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, with over 5 million supporters and a global Network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. © Brent Stirton / Getty images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK Closed-canopy rainforest in New Guinea. New Guinea is home to one of the world’s last unspoilt rainforests. This report FOREWORD: shows, it’s a place where remarkable new species are still being discovered today. As well as wildlife, New Guinea’s forests support the livelihoods of several hundred A VITAL YEAR indigenous cultures, and are vital to the country’s development. But they’re under FOR FORESTS threat. This year has been designated the International Year of Forests, and WWF is redoubling its efforts to protect forests for generations to come – in New Guinea, and all over the world. -
(Amphibia: Anura) on New Guinea: a Mitochondrial Phylogeny Reveals Parallel Evolution of Morph
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (2008) 353–365 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev The radiation of microhylid frogs (Amphibia: Anura) on New Guinea: A mitochondrial phylogeny reveals parallel evolution of morphological and life history traits and disproves the current morphology-based classification Frank Ko¨hler *, Rainer Gu¨nther Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universita¨t, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany Received 17 August 2007; revised 24 October 2007; accepted 22 November 2007 Available online 14 January 2008 Abstract Microhylidae account for the majority of frog species on New Guinea and have evolved an extraordinarily wide range of ecological, behavioural, and morphological traits. Several species are known for their unique paternal care behaviour, which includes guarding of clutches in some and additional froglet transport in other species. We sampled 48 out of 215 New Guinean microhylid species and all but two (Mantophryne and Pherohapsis) of 18 New Guinean genera and analysed a concatenated data set of partial sequences of the mito- chondrial genes 12S and 16S, which comprises 1220 aligned nucleotide positions, in order to infer the phylogenetic relationships within this diverse group of frogs. The trees do provide resolution at shallow, but not at deep branches. Monophyly is rejected for the genera Callulops, Liophryne, Austrochaperina, Copiula, and Cophixalus as currently recognized. Six clades are well supported: (1) Hylophorbus and Callulops cf. robustus, (2) its sister taxon comprising Xenorhina, Asterophrys turpicola, and Callulops except for C. cf. robustus, (3) Liophryne rhododactyla, L. dentata, Oxydactyla crassa, and Sphenophryne cornuta, (4) Copiula and Austrochaperina, (5) Barygenys exsul, Cophixalus spp., and Oreophryne, (6) Cophixalus sphagnicola, Albericus laurini, and Choerophryne. -
Woinarski J. C. Z., Legge S. M., Woolley L. A., Palmer R., Dickman C
Woinarski J. C. Z., Legge S. M., Woolley L. A., Palmer R., Dickman C. R., Augusteyn J., Doherty T. S., Edwards G., Geyle H., McGregor H., Riley J., Turpin J., Murphy B.P. (2020) Predation by introduced cats Felis catus on Australian frogs: compilation of species records and estimation of numbers killed. Wildlife Research, Vol. 47, Iss. 8, Pp 580-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/WR19182 1 2 3 Predation by introduced cats Felis catus on Australian frogs: compilation of species’ 4 records and estimation of numbers killed. 5 6 7 J.C.Z. Woinarskia*, S.M. Leggeb, L.A. Woolleya,k, R. Palmerc, C.R. Dickmand, J. Augusteyne, T.S. Dohertyf, 8 G. Edwardsg, H. Geylea, H. McGregorh, J. Rileyi, J. Turpinj, and B.P. Murphya 9 10 a NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, 11 Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia 12 b NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Research, 13 University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; AND Fenner School of the Environment and 14 Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia 15 c Western Australian Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Bentley, WA 6983, 16 Australia 17 d NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and 18 Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 19 e Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Red Hill, QLD 4701, Australia 20 f Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood campus), Deakin 21 University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia 22 g Northern Territory Department of Land Resource Management, PO Box 1120, Alice Springs, NT 0871, 23 Australia 24 h NESP Threatened Species Recovery Hub, School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, 25 Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia i School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom. -
New Genus of Diminutive Microhylid Frogs from Papua New Guinea
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 48: 39–59 (2010)New genus of diminutive microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea 39 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.48.446 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New genus of diminutive microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea Fred Kraus Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:62E0A292-1B25-43FB-9429-220B76CE3D70 Corresponding author: Fred Kraus ([email protected]) Academic editor: Franco Andreone | Received 12 March 2010 | Accepted 31 May 2010 | Published 09 June 2010 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4963BDFF-0A2D-4005-AC8D-5ACCA7FAC38A Citation: Kraus F (2010) New genus of diminutive microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea. ZooKeys 48: 39–59. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.48.446. Abstract A new genus of diminutive (10.1–11.3 mm) microhylid frogs is described from New Guinea that is unique in its combination of having only seven presacral vertebrae, a reduced phalangeal formula that leaves the fi rst fi ngers and fi rst toes as vestigial nubs, and reduction of the prepollex and prehallux to single elements. Relationships to other genera are unknown, but overall similarity suggests some relationship to Cophixalus, although that genus also diff ers in some muscle characters and likely remains paraphyletic. Th e new genus contains two species, which are among the smallest known frogs in the world. Th eir mini- aturization may be related to their inhabiting leaf litter, exploitation of which may select for small size. Th e new genus is currently known only from one mountaintop in the southeasternmost portion of New Guinea and another on a nearby island. -
Direct Development in Some Australopapuan Microhylid Frogs of the Genera Austrochaperina, Australia and Papua New Guinea
Zootaxa 3052: 1–50 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Direct development in some Australopapuan microhylid frogs of the genera Aus- trochaperina, Cophixalus and Oreophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea MARION ANSTIS1, FRED PARKER2, TIM HAWKES,3 IAN MORRIS4 & STEPHEN J. RICHARDS5 1. School of Biological Sciences, Newcastle University, Callaghan, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia 2. PO Box 5623 Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia 3. 104 Clacherty Rd., Julatten Queensland 4871, Australia 4. “Riyala”, 255e Elizabeth Valley Rd, Noonamah, Northern Territory 0837, Australia 5. Rapid Assessment Program, Conservation International, PO Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883 & Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Corresponding author: Marion Anstis E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Embryonic development in fifteen Australopapuan microhylid frogs of the genera Austrochaperina, Cophixalus and Oreophryne is described. These frogs have direct development during which the embryo develops to a minute froglet within the jelly capsule. Development of the operculum, presence of external gills, tail structure, gut development and timing of forelimb emergence are described and compared with the direct-developing eleutherodactylid Eleutherodactylus coqui from Puerto Rico and three Australian myobatrachid genera with direct development (Arenophryne, Metacrinia -
Novttates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y
AMERICAN MUSEUM Novttates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2954, 20 pp., 14 figs., 3 tables October 3, 1989 New Species of Microhylid Frogs from the Owen Stanley Mountains of Papua New Guinea and Resurrection of the Genus Aphantophryne RICHARD G. ZWEIFEL1 AND FRED PARKER2 ABSTRACT Three new species of genyophrynine frogs are other features is characterized by the possession described from southeastern New Guinea: Aphan- ofseven rather than eight presacral vertebrae. The tophryne minuta, A. sabini, and Cophixalus vere- new species ofCophixalus is without obvious close cundus. Two of these, one possibly the smallest relationships to other New Guinean or Australian species of microhylid, are assigned to the resur- species of the genus. rected genus Aphantophryne Fry, which among INTRODUCTION The Owen Stanley Mountains form the but like most ofNew Guinea, the Owen Stan- backbone of southeastern New Guinea, with ley Mountains are inadequately known from peaks rising to 4000 m within 80 km of the a herpetological standpoint. This is true in sea. The variety of habitats implied by such particular ofsecretive, cryptic species offrogs a range in elevation in a tropical region is such as those that are the subject of this pa- realized in seasonal, relatively and foothills per. with savanna vegetation, rainforested mon- In August 1987 the authors and Mr. Lau- tane slopes, and grassland above tree line. rence Penny spent 5 days at the Myola Guest Some of the earliest publications on the her- House located at 2080 m elevation on the petology of Papua New Guinea dealt with northern drainage ofthe mountains on a line collections from this region (e.g., Boulenger, between Port Moresby and Popondetta. -
A New Frog Species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from Boulder-Pile Habitat of Cape Melville, North-East Australia
Zootaxa 3722 (1): 061–072 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3722.1.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22E57934-07E1-4C11-B502-06C5BCB9C93B A new frog species (Microhylidae: Cophixalus) from boulder-pile habitat of Cape Melville, north-east Australia CONRAD J. HOSKIN School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In Australia, microhylid frogs are found almost exclusively in the tropical north-east, but in this region diversity is high. Sixteen species occur in the Wet Tropics region and a further six species are found further north on Cape York Peninsula. Most Australian microhylid species belong to the genus Cophixalus (18 species). The majority of these have highly local- ized distributions, with two-thirds being found on single mountain ranges. While most Cophixalus are small (10–29 mm snout to vent length) rainforest species, four differ dramatically in morphology and ecology, being large (30–53 mm) spe- cies that inhabit isolated areas of jumbled boulder-pile habitat. Here I describe a new species of Cophixalus from boulder- pile habitat in the Melville Range on Cape Melville, north-east Cape York Peninsula. Cophixalus petrophilus sp. nov. is highly distinct from all congeners in morphology, colour pattern and mating call. This species is restricted to deeply piled granite boulder habitat that is largely devoid of vegetation. As for the other four boulder-pile Cophixalus, C.