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Librarianship and Human Rights CHANDOS INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL SERIES

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Librarianship and Human Rights CHANDOS INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL SERIES Librarianship and Human Rights CHANDOS INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL SERIES Series Editor: Ruth Rikowski (email: [email protected]) Chandos’ new series of books are aimed at the busy information professional. They have been specially commissioned to provide the reader with an authoritative view of current thinking. They are designed to provide easy-to-read and (most importantly) practical coverage of topics that are of interest to librarians and other information professionals. If you would like a full listing of current and forthcoming titles,please visit our web site www.chandospublishing.com or contact Hannah Grace-Williams on email [email protected] or telephone number +44 (0) 1865 884447. New authors: we are always pleased to receive ideas for new titles; if you would like to write a book for Chandos,please contact Dr Glyn Jones on email [email protected] or telephone number +44 (0) 1865 884447. Bulk orders: some organisations buy a number of copies of our books. If you are interested in doing this,we would be pleased to discuss a discount. Please contact Hannah Grace-Williams on email [email protected] or telephone number +44 (0) 1865 884447. Librarianship and Human Rights A twenty-first century guide TONI SAMEK Foreword by Edgardo Civallero With contributions by Kenneth D. Gariepy Chandos Publishing Oxford · England Chandos Publishing (Oxford) Limited Chandos House 5 & 6 Steadys Lane Stanton Harcourt Oxford OX29 5RL UK Tel: +44 (0) 1865 884447 Fax: +44 (0) 1865 884448 Email: [email protected] www.chandospublishing.com First published in Great Britain in 2007 ISBN: 978 1 84334 146 8 (paperback) 978 184334 198 7 (hardback) 1 84334 146 8 (paperback) 1 84334 198 0 (hardback) © T. Samek, 2007 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. Samek, Toni, 1964– Librarianship and human rights: a twenty-first century guide / Toni Samek ; foreword by Edgardo Civallero ; with contributions by Kenneth D. Gariepy. — 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1 84334 198 0 1 84334 146 8 (pbk.) 1. Library science—Philosophy. 2. Library science—Moral and ethical aspects. 3. Human rights. 3. Social action—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Social change—Citizen participation—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 5. Librarians—Professional ethics. 6. Libraries and society. I. Gariepy, Kenneth D. (Kenneth Donald), 1970– II. Title. Z665 020.1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the Publishers. This publication may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published without the prior consent of the Publishers. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The Publishers make no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this publication and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions. The material contained in this publication constitutes general guidelines only and does not represent to be advice on any particular matter. No reader or purchaser should act on the basis of material contained in this publication without first taking professional advice appropriate to their particular circumstances. Typeset by Avocet Typeset, Chilton, Aylesbury, Bucks. Printed and bound in Great Britain by 4edge Ltd, Hockley. www.4edge.co.uk This book is dedicated to the many courageous library and information workers throughout the world and through the generations who have taken personal and professional risk to push for social change. Foreword Information means power; economic power as well as social, political and human. This great power has always been seized by a few and it is not often shared. Since the beginning of time, information has made it possible to understand the pace of nature and to make the most of its resources. It was at the time when the land gave birth to many crops, when the rivers were tamed and their flow was controlled, when stone and adobe were used as building materials to erect walls, pyramids and ziggurats, when we learnt how to treat some diseases and how to shape iron and glass into tools and weapons, that information was consciously kept safe by privileged minorities: shamans, leaders and craft masters. As cities developed and the basic framework of society became increasingly complex, writing arose as a useful tool for organising work, dealing with surpluses and accumulating wealth. Indeed, it is more than likely that writing was also used to preserve a developing social pyramid for centuries to come. The esteemed scribes managed available human and material resources (for the benefit of the richest people’s financial arks), wrote stories (according to the winners’ point of view), publicly and officially told people about the importance of castes in charge, expressed admiration for heroes, praised official gods and laid down the rules of Heaven and Earth, i.e. the patterns of behaviour expected in real life as well as in the one after death. Writing made it possible to preserve learned knowledge for posterity, but at the same time, it also built one of the most devastating barriers for human beings to overcome: illiteracy. An oral tradition continued to exist (and still does); however, most relevant information and strategic knowledge was hidden under the mysterious layer of written symbols. As a consequence, knowing how to write and manage and organise information resulted in having power. Until printing systems were born, information was recorded in strips made from agave fibres by Aztec and Mayan priests, in the codices of papyrus made in European monasteries, ix Librarianship and Human Rights in Islamic and Jewish manuscripts, in bamboo tablets from southeastern Asia, or in Chinese bands of silk. The rest continued through talk, passed down from generation to generation. However, the most valuable oral knowledge still remained in the hands of the privileged individuals. This state of knowledge made possible the improvement of navigation techniques and the development of a modern medicine that resulted in new horizons being discovered inwards and outwards; it also played a leading role in developing many different devices and machines in order to improve industry and agriculture, allowing economic development and growth to take place. However, more efficient weapons were created at the same time. Everything positive has a negative side and no exception should be applied to knowledge. The invention of printing press set knowledge free. The growing number of books reached thousands of hands making it possible that the pleasure of reading and the opportunity to write increased at the same time. Reading should have meant being able to explain and apprehend new ideas, to have the right and the freedom and to make use of both, to break chains, to loosen gags. But still relevant information was not made available for the majority; it remained in a few educated hands: scientists, philosophers and aristocrats. The sands of time passed slowly and inexorably through the hourglass of history. The world has been the impassive (though injured) witness that has seen social and industrial revolutions, nonsense wars, astonishing discoveries, hunger and death, diseases and plagues, the mushroom cloud of the atomic bomb and demonstrations supporting peace, defeated monsters and ghosts to be hunted. In one way or another, information has played a crucial role in history’s development, and in all cases, this knowledge has always belonged to the very few people who have organised life to suit themselves. Progress, development, ‘First World’, wealth, health, safety, education, happiness and growth have only benefited a small minority: the majority of people continued to be on the other side of the information, literacy and knowledge divide, hardly maintaining their identities and cultures, struggling to survive in a world that left them behind, and at the very bottom of the organisation. At present time, information has become a consumer good, the imaginary line around which the current ‘knowledge society’ draws. Digital revolution and the improvement of telecommunication technologies permit knowledge recovery, storage and management. Quick, direct and constant connectivity with very distant places also provides the chance to carry a library in our pockets on a simple plastic sheet. x Foreword However, in spite of those many discoveries, findings and open doors, the particular way of doing things and organising theories and ideas continues to be the same and unfortunately very little has changed. There are still well informed and misinformed people and a widening gap between rich and poor. There are still whole peoples condemned to a life of ignorance and silence. And there are a shameful number of people who do not know yet how to read or write. Only actors and labels have changed. The ‘knowledge society’ has created a new focus of richness as well as of poverty, it has made new divides and differences appear, and it has invented contemporary forms of social exclusion and illiteracy. A very important part of the world still remains under the shadow of social development and progress, whereas the most influential ones – no matter what they say – continue to control the rest, holding in their hands the enormous power of information, while multinational corporations have put a price on the most valuable knowledge (medicine, biology, engineering, agriculture, genetics, computing and telecommunication) swelling their coffers. Only those who can afford it will be able to have access to information. Authors’ rights under restrictive conditions make it very difficult to have access to literature and the arts. Nowadays, culture is a privilege of the very few who can pay for it and its free distribution has become almost illegal.
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