DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Table of Contents a. Abbreviations .. 1. Introduction 1 2. Guggulu in Samhita: a. Charak Samhita(1000 B.C.) b. Sustruta Samhita(1000 B.C.) c. Astanga Sangraha(6th century A.D.) d. Astanga Hridaya Samhita (7th century A.D.) e. Kashyapa Samhita f. Sharangadhar Samhita 3. Guggulu according to Chikitsa Granthas: a. Sidhayoga Sangraha(9th century A.D.) b. Chakradatta(11 thcentury A.D.) c. Gadanigraha(12 thcentury A.D.) d. Sidha Bhesaja Samgraha e. Gadanigraha(1155-1215 A.D.) f. Yogaratnakar(17 th century) 4. Guggulu in Koshas & Nighantus: a. Amarkosha (5th Century A.D.) b. Madanpal Nighantu(14th century A.D.) c. Kaiya Dev Nighantu(15th century A.D.) d. Rajanighantu (15 th century) e. Bhavaprakash nighantu(16 thcentury) f. Shankar nighantu(1935 A.D.) g. Brihatnighanturatnakar(1867 A.D.) h. Nepali nighantu i. Bharatabhaishjya ratnakar j. Abhinava nighantu k. Nighantu Adarsa l. Rasayogasagar 5. Guggulu in views of Modern authors : a. Indian Medicinal Plants b. A Compendium Medicinal Plants in Nepal c. From Wikipedia d. Dravyagunavijnan 6. Botanical characters of family Burseraceae 36 7. Botanical characters of the Genus Commiphora 38 8. Chemical constituents 39 9. Taxonomy 39 10. Genera 41 11. Pharmacology 42 12. Conclusion 59 GUGGULU IN SAMHITAS CHARAK SAMHITA(1000 B.C.) .................................................. u|lGyZr ef}hf]{ nz'gM lz/LifM ;nf]dzf] u'Uu'n's[i0fuGw] . .................................................. r Þ ;" Þ# ÷# In this case it is described under the heading VAHYAPRAYOGARTHA BATIS SAFAL YOGA. It is indicated in shweta kustha(leucoderma), indralupta(alopecia), kitibha(psoriasis), ring worm, bhagandar(fistula -in -ano), arsha(piles), apachi(cervical adenitis) and pama(scabies). ................................................................. kßs+ u'Uu'n'+ nf]x+ zNnsL+ jf 3[tfKn'td\ .. r Þlr Þ!& ÷*) In this context guggulu is described under the heading DHUMRAPAN KO YOGA along with other drugs ht';]Jokqu'Uu'n'eNnftssek'ik;h{/;f M . Zj]tf r w"d p/ufv'sL6j:qs[ldg'bU|oM .. r Þlr Þ @#÷!)) In this context it is described under DHOOMAGADA YOGA along with other drugs. Its smoke kills the small krimi of cloth, snake, rat and other krimis. pdf―yf] u'Uu'n'M ;f}w+ kof] bIfskf]tof] M . ............................................ r Þ lr Þ @%÷%# Here it is described under the heading PAKVASHOTH-BHEDANA LEPA along with other drugs.It is indicated for vranashothabhedana. e"h{u|GYoZdsf;L;dwf]efuflg u'Uu'n' M. j|0ffj;fbg+ tåt\ snljÍkf]tlj6\ .. r Þlr Þ@%÷!)) Here it is described under the heading VRANA-AVASAADANA along with other drugs. It removes the swelling of vrana. Guggulu is also described in the same chapter under ARANDADI DHOOMAVARTI. It is also discussed under MOORVADIYOGA . Cha.Chi 27\35 ....................................................... z}n:o ht'gf]―Toy{+ ko;f u'Uu'nf]:tyf . .......................................... Here it is described under the heading ;j{:yfgfj[t jft–lrlsT;f;"q . jfo'sf] cfj/0fdf ;j} k|sf/sf] /;fogsf] k|of]u >]i7 kmnbfos x'G5, ljz]ifu/L lznfhLt / u'Uu'n'sf] k|of]u b"w;Fu clws nfes/ x'G5 . k"/f0fojuf]w"d;LWjl/i6;'/f;j} M. lznfht'k|of]u}Zr u'Uu'nf]df{lIfs:o r .. r Þlr Þ@(÷!%( Here it is described under the heading jft/Qmgfzs ljlzi6 b|Jo . It is indicated in vatarakta along with other drugs. ............................................... ;/nfu'Uu'n'oj}M ;t}ns6'dT:os}M . r Þlr Þ#)÷!@! Here it is described under the heading Zj]tk|b/gfzs of]u . Stem of sarala, guggulu and jau is mixed first then it is mixed with ghee . Dhupan of yoni is done with this yoga. SUSHRUTA SAMHITA(1000 B.C.) SUSHRUTA SAMHITA ........................................................................... u'Uu'n';h{/;t'?iss'Gb'?sfu'?:k[Ssf]zL/eb|bf? ........................................................................... ;' Þ;" Þ#*÷@$ Here it is explained under the heading ALADIGANA. It destroys the poison and alleviates vata and kapha,useful in vranaprasadana(improves complexion) and corrects kandu,pidaka and kotha(urticaria). lkKkNoflbM ;'/;flbM ...........................................u'Uu'n'd':tnfËnsLz'sgf;fkLn'k|e[tLlg ;fn;f/flbZr k|fozM s6'sf] ju{M ............................................. ;' Þ;" Þ$@÷!* Here it is explained under the heading DRUGS OF KATUK(ACRID) VARGA . u0ff] j?0fsflb:t' u'Uu'Nj]nfx/]0fjM . ........................................... .. ;' Þ;" &÷!$ Here it is explained as kwatha of drugs of varunadi gana, guggulu, ala,harenu, kustha, bhadradaru,etc., maricha, chitraka and devadaru mixed with aja dugdha which is purified in kalka of uskadi gana is very beneficial in kaphotpanna ashmari . >Lj]i6s+ ;h{/;+ ;'/bf? ;u'Uu'n' . oi6Ldw'sr"0f{ t' ljbWoft\ k|lt;f/0fd\ .. ;' Þ;" Þ @@÷% Here it is described for pratisarana(rubbing) as management of oral cavity diseases. It is also described in the same chapter as snaihika dhuma along with other drugs. It is kaphanasaka, vatanashaka and it is useful in mukharoga destruction. It is also described in kalpasthana, 5 th chapter under the heading TffIo{ gfds cub along with other drugs . It destroys all types of poison even takshaka snake poison . It is also explained in the same sthan, 6th chapter under MAHASUGANDHI AGADA . It is useful in skandhabhanga, when eye get relaxed and also for people who is about to die. It is also described in kalpasthana, 8 th chapter under TREATMENT OF VISHOTPANNA KARNIKA Iff}du'Uu'Nju'?leM ;3[t}w"{ko]Rr td\ . eQmf]kl/ lxt+ ;lk{a{l:tsd{ r k"lhtd\ .. ;' Þ;" Þ @!÷!! Here it is described under DHUPANADI IN KARNASHOOLA.The dhupana(fumigation) of guggulu along with other drugs is useful in karnashula(otalgia). It is also described in the same chapter under KARNADAURGANDHYAHARA YOGA as dhupan(fomentation) drugs for ear. ASTANGASAMGRAHA SAMHITA(6 th century A.D.) u'Uu'n'M lklR5n:kzf]{ ljzbf]―Eojxf/tM . ;:jfb'M ;s6'l:tQm M ;siffof] /;fogd\ ..&$.. j|0oM :jo{M s6'M kfs]M ?If M ;"Idf]―lUgbLkgM . Sn]bd]bf]―lUgnZn]idu08d]xfkrLs[dLg\ ..&%.. lk6sfu|lGyzf]kmf+Zr xGTo'i0fM ;|+;gf] n3'M . c ;+ ;" !@÷&$, &% Guggulu is sticky on touch but clears stickness when used internally, slightly sweet, pungent, bitter and astringent in taste, rejuvenator, good for ulcers and voice, pungent at the end of digestion , dry, gets into minute pores, improves digestive activity, cures over hydration , fat accumulation , increment of vata and kapha, enlarged lymph glands, diabetes, scrofula(or goitre), worms(bacteria), boils, tumors and inflammatory swellings; is laxative and easily digestible. It is also described in sootrasthan, 13 th chapter as the best medahar and vathar drugs. …………………………………….. ;fl/jfltljiffs'i7b'M:kzf{d':tu'Uu'n'M . …………………………………….. .. c. ;+ . lr. ! \&( The decoction of sariva, ativisa, kustha, dussparsh, musta and guggulu cure kaphaj jvara. It is also described in chikitsasthan, chapter swas-hidhma chikitsitam , shloka 15 along with other drugs.If even after purificatory therapies, the dz does not subside, then the residual doshas are to be subsided by using guggulu along with other drugs. It is also described in chikitsasthan, chapter kustha chikitsa, shloka 12 under the preparation of YOGARAJ AVALEHA along with other drugs. The patient of leprosy , after undergoing purificatory therapies, and performing auspicious rites should consume this recipe in the prescribed dose, in the morning daily. It is also described in chikitsasthan, chapter 21, shloka 101 under the preparation of MAHAVAJRAKA TAIL along with other drugs.It cures leucoderma, piles, tumors and scrofula. It is described in uttarsthan, chap 1 , the balopcharniya adhyay and its fumigation along with other drugs' is prescribed in new born babies. It is described in uttarsthan, chap 22, the karnarogapratisedha and guggulu along with other drugs' dhoom is indicated in treatment of dz of ear.It is also described in the same chapter, shloka 23.The orifice of the ear, if coated with the discharge, should be cleaned with a cotton swab both in the morning and evening, exposed to the fumes of yava, aguru and madana or of guggulu added with ghee; then the ear filled with honey. It is also described in uttarsthan, chap 30 , the vrana pratisedh, shlok 30 under the heading Daran and its paste along with other drugs' is indicated for this case. It is also described in uttarsthan, chap 33, the bhagandar pratisedh, shlok 48 and its paste along with other drugs' mixed with honey and consumed cures eruptions, obesity, and rectal fistula.It is also described in the same chapter, shloka 49 and its paste along with others' mixed with honey cures leprosy, rectal fistula, abdominal tumor and sinus ulcer. It is also described in uttarsthan, chap 40, the visa pratisedh, shloka 103 in the preparation of MAHESHWAR AGADA. along with other drugs . It destroys all kinds of poisons. It is also in uttarsthan, chap 49, the rasayanvidhi, shloka 257-284. Guggulu is yogvahi(yogvahi) , benevolent, good for all, fit for use in all seasons, easy to consume, destroyer of old age, inauspiciousness, and desease and promoter of digestive fire, intelligence, memory and keenness of sense organs.Guggulu consumed with decoction of drugs of drugs of mahatpanchamoola, the patient taking only suitable foods, it cures dz caused by increase of vata and kapha. ASTANGAHRIDAYA SAMHITA(7 th century A.D.) ASTANGAHRIDAYA /;f~hg:o dxtM k~rd"n:o u'Uu'nf]M . c Þx[ Þ;" Þ!$÷@@ Here it is described under the heading TREATMENT OF ATIBRIMHANA .It is used along with rasa of agnimantha for the treatment of excess obesity(atisthulta). It is also indicated in the sutrasthana of 15 th chapter, shloka 43 under ALADI GANA . It alleviates vata, kapha and visha, clears complexion, removes kandu, pitika and kotha(chakata). It is also described in the 16 th chapter, shloka 34 under SNEHAVIDHIKO PRATIKULATAMA KARTAVYA along with other drugs.It is also described in 44 shloka of the same chapter for treatment of KUSTHADI ROGA along with other drugs.
Recommended publications
  • Can Myrrh Combat COVID-19?

    Can Myrrh Combat COVID-19?

    IBEROAMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 03 (2020) 223-229 Journal homepage: www.iberoamericanjm.tk Review Can Myrrh Combat COVID-19? Najat Alyafeia,* aHead of Oral Public Health Operations, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of Commiphora myrrh in different Received 25 April 2020 diseases. It is organized by sub-themed sections: nature and history of myrrh, its Received in revised form 08 May use in different cultures, its chemical action, and effect on virus or/and 2020 bacteria, benefits of its utilization for respiratory problems and oral diseases. Accepted 15 May 2020 A literature research for the Myrrh or C. myrrh was performed using Cochrane Library databases and Medline. Forty two papers, including abstracts and full Keywords: articles published from 2007 to 2020, in the area of interest were reviewed. It was Myrrh found that Myrrh or C. myrrh is one of the medicinal plants believed to have COVID-19 therapeutic effects in various diseases. It has medicinal properties, such as Oral Health immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, Qatar hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, and analgesic activities. Besides, Myrrh Mouthwash has also shown to have antiviral properties that help in preventing different Chemistry types of viral diseases. It noticed in the State of Qatar, sales of herbs and Myrrh Gargle has escalade since the surgency of COVID-19 cases, so is there a belief in Myrrh's effectiveness to be used during COVID-19? Studying the effectiveness of Myrrh mouthwashes to combat COVID-19 can emerge as a promising avenue in the field of research.
  • Tree Domestication and the History of Plantations - J.W

    Tree Domestication and the History of Plantations - J.W

    THE ROLE OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES IN HUMAN NUTRITION – Vol. II - Tree Domestication and the History of Plantations - J.W. Turnbull TREE DOMESTICATION AND THE HISTORY OF PLANTATIONS J.W. Turnbull CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Canberra, Australia Keywords: Industrial plantations, protection forests, urban forestry, clonal forestry, forest management, tree harvesting, tree planting, monoculture, provenance, germplasm, silviculture, botanic gardens, arboreta, fuelwood, molecular biology, genetics, tropical rainforest, pulpwood, shelterbelts, rubber, pharmaceuticals, lumber, fruit trees, palm oil, Eucalyptus, farm forestry, dune stabilization, clear-cutting, religious ceremony Contents 1. Introduction 2. Origins of Planting 2.1. The Mediterranean Lands 2.2. Asia 3. Movement of Germplasm 3.1. Evidence of Early Transfers 3.2. Role of Botanic Gardens and Arboreta 3.3. Australian Tree Species and Their Transfer 3.4. North Asia as a Rich Source 4. Tree Domestication 4.1. Domestication by Indigenous Peoples 4.2. Selection and Breeding of Forest Trees 4.3. Forest Genetics 5. Plantations 6. Forest Plantations 1400–1900 6.1. European Experiences 6.2. Tropical Plantations 7. Plantations 1900–1950 8. Plantations 1950–2000 8.1. Global Overview 9. Protection Forests 10. Amenity Planting and Urban Forestry 11. Plantation Practices 11.1. TheUNESCO Mechanical Revolution – EOLSS 12. Sustainability of Plantations Glossary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Trees have been planted for thousands of years for food, wood, shelter, and religious purposes. The first woody plants to be cultivated were those yielding food, such as the olive. Trees were moved around the world by the Romans, Greeks, Chinese, and by others during military conquests. Voyages of discovery by European navigators to the ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) THE ROLE OF FOOD, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES IN HUMAN NUTRITION – Vol.
  • The Monophyly of Bursera and Its Impact for Divergence Times of Burseraceae

    The Monophyly of Bursera and Its Impact for Divergence Times of Burseraceae

    TAXON 61 (2) • April 2012: 333–343 Becerra & al. • Monophyly of Bursera The monophyly of Bursera and its impact for divergence times of Burseraceae Judith X. Becerra,1 Kogi Noge,2 Sarai Olivier1 & D. Lawrence Venable3 1 Department of Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Judith X. Becerra, [email protected] Abstract Bursera is one of the most diverse and abundant groups of trees and shrubs of the Mexican tropical dry forests. Its interaction with its specialist herbivores in the chrysomelid genus Blepharida, is one of the best-studied coevolutionary systems. Prior studies based on molecular phylogenies concluded that Bursera is a monophyletic genus. Recently, however, other molecular analyses have suggested that the genus might be paraphyletic, with the closely related Commiphora, nested within Bursera. If this is correct, then interpretations of coevolution results would have to be revised. Whether Bursera is or is not monophyletic also has implications for the age of Burseraceae, since previous dates were based on calibrations using Bursera fossils assuming that Bursera was paraphyletic. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of 76 species and varieties of Bursera, 51 species of Commiphora, and 13 outgroups using nuclear DNA data. We also reconstructed a phylogeny of the Burseraceae using 59 members of the family, 9 outgroups and nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. These analyses strongly confirm previous conclusions that this genus is monophyletic.
  • Trees of Somalia

    Trees of Somalia

    Trees of Somalia A Field Guide for Development Workers Desmond Mahony Oxfam Research Paper 3 Oxfam (UK and Ireland) © Oxfam (UK and Ireland) 1990 First published 1990 Revised 1991 Reprinted 1994 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 0 85598 109 1 Published by Oxfam (UK and Ireland), 274 Banbury Road, Oxford 0X2 7DZ, UK, in conjunction with the Henry Doubleday Research Association, Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK Typeset by DTP Solutions, Bullingdon Road, Oxford Printed on environment-friendly paper by Oxfam Print Unit This book converted to digital file in 2010 Contents Acknowledgements IV Introduction Chapter 1. Names, Climatic zones and uses 3 Chapter 2. Tree descriptions 11 Chapter 3. References 189 Chapter 4. Appendix 191 Tables Table 1. Botanical tree names 3 Table 2. Somali tree names 4 Table 3. Somali tree names with regional v< 5 Table 4. Climatic zones 7 Table 5. Trees in order of drought tolerance 8 Table 6. Tree uses 9 Figures Figure 1. Climatic zones (based on altitude a Figure 2. Somali road and settlement map Vll IV Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by the following organisations and individuals: Oxfam UK for funding me to compile these notes; the Henry Doubleday Research Association (UK) for funding the publication costs; the UK ODA forestry personnel for their encouragement and advice; Peter Kuchar and Richard Holt of NRA CRDP of Somalia for encouragement and essential information; Dr Wickens and staff of SEPESAL at Kew Gardens for information, advice and assistance; staff at Kew Herbarium, especially Gwilym Lewis, for practical advice on drawing, and Jan Gillet for his knowledge of Kew*s Botanical Collections and Somalian flora.
  • Commiphora Molmol Engler, Gummi-Resina

    Commiphora Molmol Engler, Gummi-Resina

    12 July 2011 EMA/HMPC/96910/2010 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Commiphora molmol Engler, gummi-resina Based on Article 16d(1), Article 16f and Article 16h of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (traditional use) Final Herbal substance(s) (binomial scientific name of Commiphora molmol Engler, gummi-resina the plant, including plant part) Herbal preparation(s) Tincture (ratio of herbal substance to extraction solvent 1:5), extraction solvent ethanol 90 % (V/V) Pharmaceutical forms Liquid dosage forms for oromucosal or cutaneous use Rapporteur Per Claeson 7 Westferry Circus ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 4HB ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 7418 8400 Facsimile +44 (0)20 7523 7051 E-mail [email protected] Website www.ema.europa.eu An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2011. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents Table of contents ...................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................3 1.1. Description of the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) or combinations thereof . 3 1.2. Information about products on the market in the Member States .............................. 3 1.3. Search and assessment methodology.................................................................... 5 2. Historical data on medicinal use ........................................................................................5
  • Aromatherapy Journal

    Aromatherapy Journal

    The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Journal The Resin and Balsam Issue • Balsam Essential Oils for Aromatherapy • The Ancient Gift of Myrrh • Frankincense Hydrosol • Honey, Honey, Honey! • Combating the Common Cold with Aromatherapy and Herbs Aromatherapy E-Journal Winter 2019.4 © Copyright 2019 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Winter 2019.4 2 Aromatherapy Journal A Quarterly Publication of NAHA Winter 2019.4 AJ575 Table of Contents The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, Inc. (NAHA) A non-profit educational organization Boulder, CO 80309 Adminstrative Offices 6000 S 5th Ave Pocatello, ID 83204 Phone: 208-232-4911, 877.232.5255 Fax: 919.894.0271 PAGE NAVIGATION: Click on the relevant page number to take you Email: [email protected] a specific article. To go back to the Table of Contents, click on the Websites: www.NAHA.org arrow in the bottom outside corner of the page. www.conference.naha.org Executive Board of Directors Editor’s Note ..........................................................................5 President: Annette Davis Vice President: Balsam Essential Oils for Aromatherapy ..............................9 Jennifer Hochell Pressimone By Cheryl Murphy Public Relations/Past President: Kelly Holland Azzaro Secretary: Rose Chard Combating the Common Cold with Treasurer: Eric Davis Aromatherapy and Herbs ....................................................15 Director Coordinator: Sharon Falsetto By Jaime Vinson Journal Committee The Difference between Resins and Gums for Chief Editor: Sharon Falsetto
  • Daly CV -1- 2009-11 National Science Foundation, $192,932

    Daly CV -1- 2009-11 National Science Foundation, $192,932

    CURRICULUM VITAE Douglas C. Daly New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458 tel.: 718-817-8660; fax: 718-817-8649; e-mail: [email protected] Education City University of New York Ph.D., Biology/Botany 1987 Harvard University B.A., Botany 1977 Scientific Appointments Director, Institute of Systematic Botany N.Y. Botanical Garden 2007- B. A. Krukoff Curator of Amazonian Botany N.Y. Botanical Garden 1987- Adjunct Professor Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences 2001- Visiting Scholar New York University 1995- Adjunct Professor City University of New York 1992- Graduate Fellow N.Y. Botanical Garden 1979-86 Principal Investigator, current and recent research support (selected) 2020-22 Ford Foundation, $200,000. Traditional Communities as Central Partners in the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Amazon Forests. (PI) 2020 Leo Model Foundation, $20,000. Support for initiatives in forest management strategies for Amazonian Brazil. (PI) 2018-20 Tinker Foundation, $200,000. Equipping Community Participation in Management and Monitoring of Amazon Forests. (PI) 2015-18 Helmsley Charitable Trust, $688,208. Establishment of a Plant Conservation and Forest Resource Management Program in Myanmar. (co-PI) 2015-16 National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration, $17,427. On the Andaki Trail: Exploration and Conservation of Colombia's Eastern Andean Piedmont. (PI) 2014-16 Helmsley Charitable Trust, $200,000. Laying the Groundwork for Plant Conservation and Capacity Building in Myanmar. (co-PI) 2013-16 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, $400,000. A Better Baseline: Building Capacity and Resources for Forest Inventory in the Brazilian Amazon. 2014-15 Overbrook Foundation, $50,000. Professional Woodsmen for Managed forests in Amazonian Brazil (renewal) (PI) 2013 Tinker Foundation, $78,100.
  • Molecular Systematics of the Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae) Susan Katherine Pell Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College

    Molecular Systematics of the Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae) Susan Katherine Pell Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2004 Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae) Susan Katherine Pell Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Pell, Susan Katherine, "Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae)" (2004). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1472. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1472 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE CASHEW FAMILY (ANACARDIACEAE) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Susan Katherine Pell B.S., St. Andrews Presbyterian College, 1995 May 2004 © 2004 Susan Katherine Pell All rights reserved ii Dedicated to my mentors: Marcia Petersen, my mentor in education Dr. Frank Watson, my mentor in botany John D. Mitchell, my mentor in the Anacardiaceae Mary Alice and Ken Carpenter, my mentors in life iii Acknowledgements I would first and foremost like to thank my mentor and dear friend, John D. Mitchell for his unabashed enthusiasm and undying love for the Anacardiaceae. He has truly been my adviser in all Anacardiaceous aspects of this project and continues to provide me with inspiration to further my endeavor to understand the evolution of this beautiful and amazing plant family.
  • Redalyc.Effects of Insect and Decapod Exclusion and Leaf Litter Species

    Redalyc.Effects of Insect and Decapod Exclusion and Leaf Litter Species

    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Rincón, José; Covich, Alan Effects of insect and decapod exclusion and leaf litter species identity on breakdown rates in a tropical headwater stream Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 62, núm. 2, abril, 2014, pp. 143-154 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44932430010 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Effects of insect and decapod exclusion and leaf litter species identity on breakdown rates in a tropical headwater stream José Rincón1* & Alan Covich2 1. Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia. Apartado Postal 4001, Maracaibo, Venezuela; [email protected] 2. Institute of Ecology, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2202 USA; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 12-XII-2013. Corrected 20-I-2014. Accepted 13-II-2014. Abstract: High species richness of tropical riparian trees influences the diversity of organic detritus entering streams, creating temporal variability in litter quantity and quality. We examined the influence of species of riparian plants and macroinvertebrate exclusion on leaf-litter breakdown in a headwater stream in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Leaf litter of Dacryodes excelsa (Burseraceae), Guarea guidonia (Meliaceae), Cecropia scheberiana (Moraceae), Manilkara bidentata (Sapotaceae), and Prestoea acuminata (Palmae) were incubated in litter bags in a pool of Quebrada Prieta.
  • Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Pteridophyte Flora of Sri Lanka R.H.G

    Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Pteridophyte Flora of Sri Lanka R.H.G

    Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Pteridophyte Flora of Sri Lanka R.H.G. Ranil and D.K.N.G. Pushpakumara University of Peradeniya Introduction The recorded history of exploration of pteridophytes in Sri Lanka dates back to 1672-1675 when Poul Hermann had collected a few fern specimens which were first described by Linneus (1747) in Flora Zeylanica. The majority of Sri Lankan pteridophytes have been collected in the 19th century during the British period and some of them have been published as catalogues and checklists. However, only Beddome (1863-1883) and Sledge (1950-1954) had conducted systematic studies and contributed significantly to today’s knowledge on taxonomy and diversity of Sri Lankan pteridophytes (Beddome, 1883; Sledge, 1982). Thereafter, Manton (1953) and Manton and Sledge (1954) reported chromosome numbers and some taxonomic issues of selected Sri Lankan Pteridophytes. Recently, Shaffer-Fehre (2006) has edited the volume 15 of the revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon on pteridophyta (Fern and FernAllies). The local involvement of pteridological studies began with Abeywickrama (1956; 1964; 1978), Abeywickrama and Dassanayake (1956); and Abeywickrama and De Fonseka, (1975) with the preparations of checklists of pteridophytes and description of some fern families. Dassanayake (1964), Jayasekara (1996), Jayasekara et al., (1996), Dhanasekera (undated), Fenando (2002), Herat and Rathnayake (2004) and Ranil et al., (2004; 2005; 2006) have also contributed to the present knowledge on Pteridophytes in Sri Lanka. However, only recently, Ranil and co workers initiated a detailed study on biology, ecology and variation of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae) in Kanneliya and Sinharaja MAB reserves combining field and laboratory studies and also taxonomic studies on island-wide Sri Lankan fern flora.
  • Plant DNA Barcodes and a Community Phylogeny of a Tropical Forest Dynamics Plot in Panama

    Plant DNA Barcodes and a Community Phylogeny of a Tropical Forest Dynamics Plot in Panama

    Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama W. John Kressa,1, David L. Ericksona, F. Andrew Jonesb,c, Nathan G. Swensond, Rolando Perezb, Oris Sanjurb, and Eldredge Berminghamb aDepartment of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012; bSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Anco´n, Republic of Panama´; cImperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; and dCenter for Tropical Forest Science - Asia Program, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 Communicated by Daniel H. Janzen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, September 3, 2009 (received for review May 13, 2009) The assembly of DNA barcode libraries is particularly relevant pling: the conserved coding locus will easily align over all taxa within species-rich natural communities for which accurate species in a community sample to establish deep phylogenetic branches identifications will enable detailed ecological forensic studies. In whereas the hypervariable region of the DNA barcode will align addition, well-resolved molecular phylogenies derived from these more easily within nested subsets of closely related species and DNA barcode sequences have the potential to improve investiga- permit relationships to be inferred among the terminal branches tions of the mechanisms underlying community assembly and of the tree. functional trait evolution. To date, no studies have effectively In this respect a supermatrix design (8, 9) is ideal for using a applied DNA barcodes sensu strictu in this manner. In this report, mixture of coding genes and intergenic spacers for phylogenetic we demonstrate that a three-locus DNA barcode when applied to reconstruction across the broadest evolutionary distances, as in 296 species of woody trees, shrubs, and palms found within the the construction of community phylogenies (10).
  • Bibliografía Botánica Del Caribe I

    Bibliografía Botánica Del Caribe I

    Consolidated bibliography Introduction To facilitate the search through the bibliographies prepared by T. Zanoni (Bibliographía botánica del Caribe, Bibliografía de la flora y de la vegetatíon de la isla Española, and the Bibliography of Carribean Botany series currently published in the Flora of Greater Antilles Newsletter), the html versions of these files have been put together in a single pdf file. The reader should note the coverage of each bibliography: Hispaniola is exhaustively covered by all three bibliographies (from the origin up to now) while other areas of the Carribean are specifically treated only since 1984. Please note that this pdf document is made from multiple documents, this means that search function is called by SHIFT+CTRL+F (rather than by CTRL+F). Please let me know of any problem. M. Dubé The Jardín Botánico Nacional "Dr. Rafael M. Moscoso," Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, publishers of the journal Moscosoa, kindly gave permission for the inclusion of these bibliographies on this web site. Please note the present address of T. Zanoni : New York Botanical Garden 200th Street at Southern Blvd. Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA email: [email protected] Moscosoa 4, 1986, pp. 49-53 BIBLIOGRAFÍA BOTÁNICA DEL CARIBE. 1. Thomas A. Zanoni Zanoni. Thomas A. (Jardín Botánico Nacional, Apartado 21-9, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana). Bibliografía botánica del Caribe. 1. Moscosoa 4: 49-53. 1986. Una bibliografía anotada sobre la literatura botánica publicada en los años de 1984 y 1985. Se incluyen los temas de botánica general y la ecología de las plantas de las islas del Caribe. An annotated bibliography of the botanical literature published in 1984 and 1985, covering all aspects of botany and plant ecology of the plants of the Caribbean Islands.