Table of Contents a. Abbreviations .. 1. Introduction 1 2. Guggulu in Samhita: a. Charak Samhita(1000 B.C.) b. Sustruta Samhita(1000 B.C.) c. Astanga Sangraha(6th century A.D.) d. Astanga Hridaya Samhita (7th century A.D.) e. Kashyapa Samhita f. Sharangadhar Samhita 3. Guggulu according to Chikitsa Granthas: a. Sidhayoga Sangraha(9th century A.D.) b. Chakradatta(11 thcentury A.D.) c. Gadanigraha(12 thcentury A.D.) d. Sidha Bhesaja Samgraha e. Gadanigraha(1155-1215 A.D.) f. Yogaratnakar(17 th century) 4. Guggulu in Koshas & Nighantus: a. Amarkosha (5th Century A.D.) b. Madanpal Nighantu(14th century A.D.) c. Kaiya Dev Nighantu(15th century A.D.) d. Rajanighantu (15 th century) e. Bhavaprakash nighantu(16 thcentury) f. Shankar nighantu(1935 A.D.) g. Brihatnighanturatnakar(1867 A.D.) h. Nepali nighantu i. Bharatabhaishjya ratnakar j. Abhinava nighantu k. Nighantu Adarsa l. Rasayogasagar 5. Guggulu in views of Modern authors : a. Indian Medicinal Plants b. A Compendium Medicinal Plants in Nepal c. From Wikipedia d. Dravyagunavijnan 6. Botanical characters of family Burseraceae 36 7. Botanical characters of the Genus Commiphora 38 8. Chemical constituents 39 9. Taxonomy 39 10. Genera 41 11. Pharmacology 42 12. Conclusion 59 GUGGULU IN SAMHITAS CHARAK SAMHITA(1000 B.C.) .................................................. u|lGyZr ef}hf]{ nz'gM lz/LifM ;nf]dzf] u'Uu'n's[i0fuGw] . .................................................. r Þ ;" Þ# ÷# In this case it is described under the heading VAHYAPRAYOGARTHA BATIS SAFAL YOGA. It is indicated in shweta kustha(leucoderma), indralupta(alopecia), kitibha(psoriasis), ring worm, bhagandar(fistula -in -ano), arsha(piles), apachi(cervical adenitis) and pama(scabies). ................................................................. kßs+ u'Uu'n'+ nf]x+ zNnsL+ jf 3[tfKn'td\ .. r Þlr Þ!& ÷*) In this context guggulu is described under the heading DHUMRAPAN KO YOGA along with other drugs ht';]Jokqu'Uu'n'eNnftssek'ik;h{/;f M . Zj]tf r w"d p/ufv'sL6j:qs[ldg'bU|oM .. r Þlr Þ @#÷!)) In this context it is described under DHOOMAGADA YOGA along with other drugs. Its smoke kills the small krimi of cloth, snake, rat and other krimis. pdf―yf] u'Uu'n'M ;f}w+ kof] bIfskf]tof] M . ............................................ r Þ lr Þ @%÷%# Here it is described under the heading PAKVASHOTH-BHEDANA LEPA along with other drugs.It is indicated for vranashothabhedana. e"h{u|GYoZdsf;L;dwf]efuflg u'Uu'n' M. j|0ffj;fbg+ tåt\ snljÍkf]tlj6\ .. r Þlr Þ@%÷!)) Here it is described under the heading VRANA-AVASAADANA along with other drugs. It removes the swelling of vrana. Guggulu is also described in the same chapter under ARANDADI DHOOMAVARTI. It is also discussed under MOORVADIYOGA . Cha.Chi 27\35 ....................................................... z}n:o ht'gf]―Toy{+ ko;f u'Uu'nf]:tyf . .......................................... Here it is described under the heading ;j{:yfgfj[t jft–lrlsT;f;"q . jfo'sf] cfj/0fdf ;j} k|sf/sf] /;fogsf] k|of]u >]i7 kmnbfos x'G5, ljz]ifu/L lznfhLt / u'Uu'n'sf] k|of]u b"w;Fu clws nfes/ x'G5 . k"/f0fojuf]w"d;LWjl/i6;'/f;j} M. lznfht'k|of]u}Zr u'Uu'nf]df{lIfs:o r .. r Þlr Þ@(÷!%( Here it is described under the heading jft/Qmgfzs ljlzi6 b|Jo . It is indicated in vatarakta along with other drugs. ............................................... ;/nfu'Uu'n'oj}M ;t}ns6'dT:os}M . r Þlr Þ#)÷!@! Here it is described under the heading Zj]tk|b/gfzs of]u . Stem of sarala, guggulu and jau is mixed first then it is mixed with ghee . Dhupan of yoni is done with this yoga. SUSHRUTA SAMHITA(1000 B.C.) SUSHRUTA SAMHITA ........................................................................... u'Uu'n';h{/;t'?iss'Gb'?sfu'?:k[Ssf]zL/eb|bf? ........................................................................... ;' Þ;" Þ#*÷@$ Here it is explained under the heading ALADIGANA. It destroys the poison and alleviates vata and kapha,useful in vranaprasadana(improves complexion) and corrects kandu,pidaka and kotha(urticaria). lkKkNoflbM ;'/;flbM ...........................................u'Uu'n'd':tnfËnsLz'sgf;fkLn'k|e[tLlg ;fn;f/flbZr k|fozM s6'sf] ju{M ............................................. ;' Þ;" Þ$@÷!* Here it is explained under the heading DRUGS OF KATUK(ACRID) VARGA . u0ff] j?0fsflb:t' u'Uu'Nj]nfx/]0fjM . ........................................... .. ;' Þ;" &÷!$ Here it is explained as kwatha of drugs of varunadi gana, guggulu, ala,harenu, kustha, bhadradaru,etc., maricha, chitraka and devadaru mixed with aja dugdha which is purified in kalka of uskadi gana is very beneficial in kaphotpanna ashmari . >Lj]i6s+ ;h{/;+ ;'/bf? ;u'Uu'n' . oi6Ldw'sr"0f{ t' ljbWoft\ k|lt;f/0fd\ .. ;' Þ;" Þ @@÷% Here it is described for pratisarana(rubbing) as management of oral cavity diseases. It is also described in the same chapter as snaihika dhuma along with other drugs. It is kaphanasaka, vatanashaka and it is useful in mukharoga destruction. It is also described in kalpasthana, 5 th chapter under the heading TffIo{ gfds cub along with other drugs . It destroys all types of poison even takshaka snake poison . It is also explained in the same sthan, 6th chapter under MAHASUGANDHI AGADA . It is useful in skandhabhanga, when eye get relaxed and also for people who is about to die. It is also described in kalpasthana, 8 th chapter under TREATMENT OF VISHOTPANNA KARNIKA Iff}du'Uu'Nju'?leM ;3[t}w"{ko]Rr td\ . eQmf]kl/ lxt+ ;lk{a{l:tsd{ r k"lhtd\ .. ;' Þ;" Þ @!÷!! Here it is described under DHUPANADI IN KARNASHOOLA.The dhupana(fumigation) of guggulu along with other drugs is useful in karnashula(otalgia). It is also described in the same chapter under KARNADAURGANDHYAHARA YOGA as dhupan(fomentation) drugs for ear. ASTANGASAMGRAHA SAMHITA(6 th century A.D.) u'Uu'n'M lklR5n:kzf]{ ljzbf]―Eojxf/tM . ;:jfb'M ;s6'l:tQm M ;siffof] /;fogd\ ..&$.. j|0oM :jo{M s6'M kfs]M ?If M ;"Idf]―lUgbLkgM . Sn]bd]bf]―lUgnZn]idu08d]xfkrLs[dLg\ ..&%.. lk6sfu|lGyzf]kmf+Zr xGTo'i0fM ;|+;gf] n3'M . c ;+ ;" !@÷&$, &% Guggulu is sticky on touch but clears stickness when used internally, slightly sweet, pungent, bitter and astringent in taste, rejuvenator, good for ulcers and voice, pungent at the end of digestion , dry, gets into minute pores, improves digestive activity, cures over hydration , fat accumulation , increment of vata and kapha, enlarged lymph glands, diabetes, scrofula(or goitre), worms(bacteria), boils, tumors and inflammatory swellings; is laxative and easily digestible. It is also described in sootrasthan, 13 th chapter as the best medahar and vathar drugs. …………………………………….. ;fl/jfltljiffs'i7b'M:kzf{d':tu'Uu'n'M . …………………………………….. .. c. ;+ . lr. ! \&( The decoction of sariva, ativisa, kustha, dussparsh, musta and guggulu cure kaphaj jvara. It is also described in chikitsasthan, chapter swas-hidhma chikitsitam , shloka 15 along with other drugs.If even after purificatory therapies, the dz does not subside, then the residual doshas are to be subsided by using guggulu along with other drugs. It is also described in chikitsasthan, chapter kustha chikitsa, shloka 12 under the preparation of YOGARAJ AVALEHA along with other drugs. The patient of leprosy , after undergoing purificatory therapies, and performing auspicious rites should consume this recipe in the prescribed dose, in the morning daily. It is also described in chikitsasthan, chapter 21, shloka 101 under the preparation of MAHAVAJRAKA TAIL along with other drugs.It cures leucoderma, piles, tumors and scrofula. It is described in uttarsthan, chap 1 , the balopcharniya adhyay and its fumigation along with other drugs' is prescribed in new born babies. It is described in uttarsthan, chap 22, the karnarogapratisedha and guggulu along with other drugs' dhoom is indicated in treatment of dz of ear.It is also described in the same chapter, shloka 23.The orifice of the ear, if coated with the discharge, should be cleaned with a cotton swab both in the morning and evening, exposed to the fumes of yava, aguru and madana or of guggulu added with ghee; then the ear filled with honey. It is also described in uttarsthan, chap 30 , the vrana pratisedh, shlok 30 under the heading Daran and its paste along with other drugs' is indicated for this case. It is also described in uttarsthan, chap 33, the bhagandar pratisedh, shlok 48 and its paste along with other drugs' mixed with honey and consumed cures eruptions, obesity, and rectal fistula.It is also described in the same chapter, shloka 49 and its paste along with others' mixed with honey cures leprosy, rectal fistula, abdominal tumor and sinus ulcer. It is also described in uttarsthan, chap 40, the visa pratisedh, shloka 103 in the preparation of MAHESHWAR AGADA. along with other drugs . It destroys all kinds of poisons. It is also in uttarsthan, chap 49, the rasayanvidhi, shloka 257-284. Guggulu is yogvahi(yogvahi) , benevolent, good for all, fit for use in all seasons, easy to consume, destroyer of old age, inauspiciousness, and desease and promoter of digestive fire, intelligence, memory and keenness of sense organs.Guggulu consumed with decoction of drugs of drugs of mahatpanchamoola, the patient taking only suitable foods, it cures dz caused by increase of vata and kapha. ASTANGAHRIDAYA SAMHITA(7 th century A.D.) ASTANGAHRIDAYA /;f~hg:o dxtM k~rd"n:o u'Uu'nf]M . c Þx[ Þ;" Þ!$÷@@ Here it is described under the heading TREATMENT OF ATIBRIMHANA .It is used along with rasa of agnimantha for the treatment of excess obesity(atisthulta). It is also indicated in the sutrasthana of 15 th chapter, shloka 43 under ALADI GANA . It alleviates vata, kapha and visha, clears complexion, removes kandu, pitika and kotha(chakata). It is also described in the 16 th chapter, shloka 34 under SNEHAVIDHIKO PRATIKULATAMA KARTAVYA along with other drugs.It is also described in 44 shloka of the same chapter for treatment of KUSTHADI ROGA along with other drugs.