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Seismogenic Evidence of Ongoing Compression in Eastern-Central Italy and Mainland Sicily: a Comparison

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Seismogenic Evidence of Ongoing Compression in Eastern-Central Italy and Mainland Sicily: a Comparison 06 133-20 06(209-222) 25-06-2007 14:24 Pagina 209 Queste bozze, corrette e accompagnate dall’al- legato preventivo firmato e dal buono d’ordine, SGI Bollettino 20/06-133 debbono essere restituite immediatamente alla Segreteria della Società Geologica Italiana c/o Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 – 00185 ROMA Boll.Soc.Geol.It. (Ital.J.Geosci.), Vol. 126, No. 2 (2007), pp. 209-222, 5 figs., 3 tabs. Seismogenic evidence of ongoing compression in eastern-central Italy and mainland Sicily: a comparison GIUSY LAVECCHIA (*), RITA DE NARDIS (***), FRANCESCO VISINI (*), FEDERICA FERRARINI (***) & MARIA SERAFINA BARBANO (****) ABSTRACT dall’area padana alla Sicilia. Numerosi autori ritengono che l’attività del fronte sia terminata nel Pleistocene inferiore (PATACCA et alii, We compare the seismogenic role played by two crustal-scale 1990; BUTLER et alii, 1992; LICKORISH et alii, 1999; DI BUCCI & MAZ- reverse-type shear zones located at the outer border of the Apennine- ZOLI, 2002; PATACCA & SCANDONE, 2004), ma altri riportano, almeno Maghrebian fold-and-thrust belt system: the westward-dipping Adriatic per l’Italia centrale e la Sicilia, evidenze di deformazione compressi- Basal Thrust (ABT) in eastern-central Italy and the northward-dipping va tardo pleistocenica-olocenica (BOUSQUET & LANZAFAME, 1986; Sicilian Basal Thrust (SBT) in southern Sicily. The epicentral and MONACO et alii, 1996; FREPOLI & AMATO, 1997; LAVECCHIA et alii, hypocentral distributions and, whenever possible, the kinematics of a 2003; VANNOLI et alii, 2004; MONTONE et alii, 2004; NERI et alii, merged dataset of pre-instrumental (1600 to 1900), early instrumental 2005; CATALANO et alii, 2004 and 2006). (1901 to 1980) and instrumental (1981 to 2005) earthquakes with La nostra opinione è che l’analisi approfondita dell’assetto sismo- moment magnitude ≥4.5 sited within the surface areas above the ABT tettonico dell’area padano-adriatica e di quella siciliana, ed in partico- and the SBT depth-contour lines (0-30 km) are analysed. They are both lare il confronto tra le due, possa portare un sostanziale contributo first-order crustal-scale seismogenic structures which strongly control alla discussione in atto. In questo lavoro abbiamo, pertanto, analizza- reverse, reverse-oblique and strike-slip seismic activity. Relatively deep to e paragonato le caratteristiche geometriche e sismogenetiche, a sca- (10-to-30 km) seismicity occurring in the foothills region and in main- la crostale, del sovrascorrimento basale del sistema appenninico-ma- land Sicily may be associated with brittle shearing of the middle and grebide nel segmento adriatico, ovest-immergente, da Pescara a lower crust ABT and SBT thrusts segments, whereas the shallow seis- Pesaro, ed in quello siciliano, nord-immergente, da Sciacca a Catania. micity (<10 km) close to the ABT and SBT surface tip line is associated La geometria tridimensionale dei due sovrascorrimenti è stata with reverse, oblique and strike-slip shearing of the two upper crust schematicamente ricostruita attraverso l’utilizzo e l’analisi critica di thrust segments and their frontal and lateral splays. Despite that the innumerevoli sezioni geologiche e geofisiche regionali disponibili in seismic activity within the two studied areas, and especially in Sicily, is letteratura. L’analisi sismologica è stata effettuata tenendo conto commonly considered minor, several highly damaging earthquakes delle informazioni fornite dai cataloghi regionali e locali, nonché da have struck both areas. In the last four centuries, there is knowledge of pubblicazioni specifiche (BARATTA, 1897; MONACHESI et alii, 1985; 37 events with magnitude >5.0 in the Marche-Coastal Adriatic region, POSTPISCHL, 1985; MONACHESI et alii, 1991; MONACHESI & STUC- among which are the 1741 Fabrianese (Maw 6.08) and 1799 Camerino CHI, 1997; RIGANO et alii, 1999; BOSCHI et alii, 2000; AZZARO & BAR- (Maw 5.93) events, and of 10 events with magnitude >5.0 in southern BANO, 2000; AZZARO et alii, 2000a; AZZARO et alii, 2000b; WORKING and mainland Sicily, including the 1818 Catanese (Maw 6.00) and 1968 GROUP CPTI, 2004; CASTELLO et alii, 2005; BOLLETTINO SISMICO Valle del Belice (Maw 6.12) events. ITALIANO, 2003-2005). Un dataset integrato degli eventi maggiori Based on the integration of tectonic and seismological con- (magnitudo momento ≥4.5), storici e strumentali, avvenuti nell’in- straints, the boundaries of two seismogenic compressional provinces tervallo temporale 217 a.C.-2005 d.C., è stato compilato ed analizza- located above the ABT and the SBT are defined and the associated to dal punto di vista della completezza. L’analisi critica della forma values of yearly energy release per unit area evaluated. Similar val- e dell’estensione del campo macrosismico dei terremoti storici ha ues are obtained for the ABT (~8E+14 erg/y/km2) and for the SBT permesso di effettuare una stima qualitativa della profondità delle (~4E+14 erg/y/km2). The recognition of close geometric, kinematic sorgenti sismiche e di attribuire gli eventi nel dataset a sorgenti re- and seismotectonic similarities between the two compressional lativamente superficiali (<8-10 km) o profonde (10-30 km). L’esame provinces, further supported by a comparable level of long-term seis- dei pochi meccanismi focali disponibili in letteratura relativi ad mic activity, has evident implications both for regional tectonic eventi maggiori (M>4) ha evidenziato una cinematica da inversa e reconstructions and for seismic hazard assessment purposes. trascorrente, con assi di massima contrazione sub-orizzontali ed orientati da NE-SO ad E-O nell’area marchigiana-adriatica e da KEY WORDS: Central Italy, Adriatic Sea, Sicily, seismicity, NNE-SSO a NNO-SSE in Sicilia. compression, seimogenesis. L’integrazione delle informazioni geologiche e sismologiche ci ha permesso di definire i confini e la geometria, superficiale e profonda, di due omologhe province sismogenetiche compressive, localizzate al tetto dei sovrascorrimenti basali adriatico e siciliano. RIASSUNTO Ognuna delle province è stata suddivisa in due sotto-province: una caratterizzata da attività sismica associata a deformazioni di taglio Evidenze sismogenetiche di attività compressiva in Italia lungo la porzione più superficiale (< circa 10 km) del sovrascorri- centro-orientale ed in Sicilia centro-meridionale: un confronto. mento basale e lungo gli splays frontali e laterali, l’altra caratterizza- Il fronte esterno del sistema a pieghe e sovrascorrimenti ap- ta da attività sismica più profonda (10-25 km), localizzata lungo la penninico-magrebide si estende senza interruzione di continuità porzione medio crostale e nella parte alta della crosta inferiore del sovrascorrimento basale. Le due province sono state quantitativa- mente comparate dal punto di vista dell’attività sismica osservata durante l’intervallo di completezza dei dati analizzati ed espressa in (*) Laboratorio di Geodinamica e Sismogenesi, Dipartimen- termini di energia sismica per anno su unità di area. I valori ottenu- 2 to di Scienze della Terra, Università «G. d’Annunzio» - Campus Uni- ti, pari a circa 8E+14 erg/y/km per l’area marchigiano-adriatica ed a 2 versitario - 66013 Chieti Scalo, Italia [email protected] circa 4E+14 erg/y/km per l’area siciliana, hanno messo in luce una (**) Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Servizio Sismico sostanziale, e finora non nota, equivalenza nel potenziale sismogene- Nazionale, DPC-SSN, Roma. tico a lungo termine rilasciato dalle due sotto-province profonde, (***) Dipartimento S.T.A.T., Università degli Studi del Molise - con evidenti implicazioni in termini di pericolosità sismica. Contrada Fonte Lappone - 86090 Pesche (Isernia). (****) Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università di Cata- TERMINI CHIAVE: Italia centrale, Adriatico, Sicilia, sismicità, nia - Corso Italia, 55 - 95129 Catania. compressione, sismogenesi. 06 133-20 06(209-222) 25-06-2007 14:24 Pagina 210 210 G. LAVECCHIA ET ALII 1. INTRODUCTION Sicilian crust and emerging at the outer front of the Sicil- ian thrust system, along the Sciacca-Catania belt. The Apennine-Maghrebian fold-and-thrust belt sys- In this paper, we present a contribution to this discus- tem extends with continuity from the Po Plain-Adriatic sion focusing attention on the kinematics and the distribu- region to southern Sicily (fig. 1a). It developed since late tion of the historical and instrumental seismicity located in Oligocene times through the progressive nucleation of the areas to the rear of the Pescara-Pesaro segment of the inward-dipping crustal slices thrust over the Adriatic- Po Plain-Adriatic front and of the Sciacca-Catania segment Pelagian foreland (LAVECCHIA, 1988). According to sev- of the Sicilian front. In particular, we will investigate if the eral authors, the entire belt ended its activity in early major earthquakes may be linked to reverse shearing along Pleistocene times (PATACCA et alii, 1990; BUTLER et alii, two crust-scale basal thrusts, here respectively called Adria- 1992; LICKORISH et alii, 1999; DI BUCCI & MAZZOLI, 2002; tic Basal Thrust (ABT) and Sicilian Basal Thrust (SBT). PATACCA & SCANDONE, 2004), but according to some oth- With this aim we will reconstruct the ABT and SBT three- ers it is still undergoing compression, at least in eastern- dimensional shape; we will compile an updated and inte- central Italy and in Sicily. In particular, on the basis of grated dataset of all the major events that occurred within the combined analysis of historical, seismological and the two
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