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The Role of Traditional Local Institutions to Improve the Livelihood of Rural

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The Role of Traditional Local Institutions to Improve the Livelihood of Rural THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL LOCAL INSTITUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF TACHGAYINT WEREDA , ANRS SILESHI TESSERA Addis Ababa University Regional and Local Development Studies July 2006 Addis Ababa THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL LOCAL INSTITUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL COMMUNITY; THE CASE OF TACHGAYINT WEREDA, AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES; ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN REGIONA AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES BY SILESEHI TESSERA BEZABHI July 2006 ADDIS ABABA DECLARATION The under signed, declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any university, and that all sources of materials used for the thesis have been dully acknowledged. Name:__________________________________ Signature:_______________________________ Place: Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia Date: July 2006 The thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as a University advisor ________________________________________________ Yohannes G/Micheal (Dr.) July 2006 THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL LOCAL INSTITUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL COMMUNITY; THE CASE OF TACHGAYINT WEREDA, ANRS Addis Ababa University Regional and Local Development Studies SILESHI TESSERA BEZABHI ID. NO. GSR/0623/97 APPROVED BY SIGNATURE __________________________________ ____________________ CHAIR MAN OF GRADUATE COMMITTEE __________________________________ ____________________ ADVISOR _________________________________ ____________________ INTERNAL EXAMINER _________________________________ ____________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES----------------------------------------------------------------------------------i ACRONYMS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii LIST OF GRAPHS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iV 1. Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 Statement of the Problem------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 1.2 Objective of the study---------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.3 Research Hypothesis------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 1.4 Research Methodology--------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.4.1 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.4.2 Structure and size of sampling--------------------------------------------------------- 6 1.4.3 Field procedure for purposive and random sampling-------------------------------- 7 1.4.4 References of Wealth Ranking--------------------------------------------------------- 7 1.4.5 Location of the qualitative research sites---------------------------------------------- 7 1.5 Data collection------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 1.5.1 Implementation of Field work---------------------------------------------------------- 9 1.5.2 Summary of HH questioner------------------------------------------------------------- 9 1.5.3 Qualitative (contextual, open ended) Research methods employed--------------- 10 1.6. Scope and limitations of the study------------------------------------------------------ 11 1.6.1 Significance of the study----------------------------------------------------------------- 11 2 Concepts of TLIs and Definitios of Key Terms---------------------------------------- 12 2.1 Background of the Study on “The Role of TLIs”--------------------------------------- 12 2.2 Understanding TLIs------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 2.2.1 The concept of Institutions and TLIs--------------------------------------------------- 14 2.3 Some of the Popular TLIs in Ethiopia---------------------------------------------------- 15 2.3.1 Iddir----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 2.3.2 Iqqub---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 i 2.3.3 Mahiber------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 2.3.4 Sebeka-gubae----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 2.4 Definition of key Terms------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 3. Literature Review--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 3.1.1 What is Social Capital?------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 3.1.2 Why does Social Capital Matter?------------------------------------------------------- 22 3.1.3 How do we Measure Social Capital---------------------------------------------------- 22 3.1.4 Food Security----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 3.1.5 Drought and its Management----------------------------------------------------------- 27 3.1.6 Rural Poverty and Development-------------------------------------------------------- 28 3.1.7 l. The Role of NGOs in Development------------------------------------------------- 30 3.2. Conceptual Frame work of Livelihood------------------------------------------------- 32 4. Back Ground of the study area-------------------------------------------------------- 32 4.1 Research conducted at Tachgayint and the surrounding------------------------------ 32 4.2 Biophysical Features of Tachgayint Wereda------------------------------------------- 32 4.2.1 Location----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 4.2.2 Topography------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 4.3 Demography-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 4.3.1 Religion and ethnic composition------------------------------------------------------ 38 4.3.5 Natural environment base degradation and vulnerability-------------------------- 38 4.4 Profile of the Selected Kebele------------------------------------------------------------ 40 4.4.1 General------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 4.4.2 Population of the Kebele--------------------------------------------------------------- 41 4.4.3 Infrastructure----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 4.4.4 Transact of Kebele 02------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 4.5 Socioeconomic features------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 4.5.1 Agriculture and land use---------------------------------------------------------------- 43 4.5.2 Livelihood profile of sample house holders------------------------------------------ 44 4.5.3 Live stock ownership of the sample HHs--------------------------------------------- 45 4.5.4 Poor adaptation of agricultural technology ------------------------------------------ 47 ii 4.5.5 Livelihood analysis of the sample HHs----------------------------------------------- 45 5 Assessment and Review of TLIs---------------------------------------------------------- 53 5.1.1Opinion of the different Categories of the community to TLIs--------------------- 53 5.1.2 Affiliation of the poor to Local Institutions------------------------------------------- 54 5.1.3 Local ways of expression of TLIs at Tachgayint------------------------------------- 54 5.2 Salient features of TLIs-------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 5.2.1 Self financing, Benefit and coverage mechanism of TLIs at Tachgayint -------- 55 5.2.2 Collection of contribution, management of fund and mechanism of delivery 55 of- TLIs---------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- 5.3 The Rapid popularity of Iddir at Tachgayint-------------------------------------------- 56 6 Marginalization of TLIs from development interventions-------------------------- 58 6.1 Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 6.1.1 TLIs and Productive Safety Net-------------------------------------------------------- 58 6.1.2 Beneficiary Selection Criteria----------------------------------------------------------- 59 6.1.3 Implementation procedures adapted and related problems of PSNP-------------- 60 6.2 TLIs and Review of Implementation of Micro-finance---------------------------- --- 63 6.2.1 General------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 6.2.2 TLIs and implementation problems of Micro-finance------------------------------- 63 6.2.3 Targeting Vs, marginalizing of the Poor; a case study ---------------------------- 67 6.2.4 TLIs and extension services------------------------------------------------------------ 68 6.2.5 TLIs and appropriate Technology adaptation problem------------------------------ 69 6.2.6 TLIs and FHI/E intervention------------------------------------------------------------ 70 6.3 Case study; Success story of extension service----------------------------------------- 72 7 The role, Limitation and challenges of TLIs----------------------------------------- 74 7.1 Mandate and leadership of traditional Vs. modern local institutions ---------------- 74 7.1.1 Dynamics of TLIs-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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