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Native Orchids in Southeast Alaska
Native Orchids in Southeast Alaska Marlin Bowles & Bob Armstrong 2019 Preface Southeast Alaska's rainforests, peatlands and alpine habitats support a wide variety of plant life. The composition of this vegetation is strongly influenced by patterns of plant distribution and geographical factors. For example, the ranges of some Asian plant species extend into Southeast Alaska by way of the Aleutian Islands; other species extend northward into this region along the Pacific coast or southward from central Alaska. Included in Southeast Alaska's vegetation are at least 27 native orchid species and varieties whose collective ranges extend from Mexico north to beyond the Arctic Circle, and from North America to northern Europe and Asia. These orchids survive in a delicate ecological balance, requiring specific insect pollinators for seed production, and mycorrhizal fungi that provide nutrients essential for seedling growth and survival of adult plants. These complex relationships can lead to vulnerability to human impacts. Orchids also tend to transplant poorly and typically perish without their fungal partners. They are best left to survive as important components of biodiversity as well as resources for our enjoyment. Our goal is to provide a useful description of Southeast Alaska's native orchids for readers who share enthusiasm for the natural environment and desire to learn more about our native orchids. This book addresses each of the native orchids found in the area of Southeast Alaska extending from Yakutat and the Yukon border south to Ketchikan and the British Columbia border. For each species, we include a brief description of its distribution, habitat, size, mode of reproduction, and pollination biology. -
Insects and Plants in the Pollination Ecology of the Boreal Zone
Ecological Research (1993) 8, 247-267 REVIEW Insects and plants in the pollination ecology of the boreal zone P. G. KEVAN,1 E. A. TIKHMENEV2 AND M. Usux1 1 Department of Env, ronmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada and 2 Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Academy of Sciences, K. Marx Pr. 24, Magadan, 685000 Russia Pollination systems in the boreal zone range from generalist to specialist, both entomologically and botanically. The relative importance of wind pollination, insect pollination, sexual separation between and within plants, and between flowers, hermaphroditism of flowers, and various breeding systems are related to plant growth form and habitat. The diversity and specializations of anthophilous insects parallel those in other bioge0graphic zones, but seem less developed. We suggest that this reflects the combined effects of evolutionary youth, severity of climate, restriction of symbiont ranges within those of their hosts, and the naturally frequent perturbations by fire or insect outbreaks in the zone, requiring faunal and floral vagility and constraining specialization in mutualism. Modern perturbations by logging and pesticides seem to be well buffered because of the relative openness of the ecosystem (compared to others), although damage has been documented. Insect pollination is as much a keystone process in the boreal forest as elsewhere, despite the immediate counter-impression given by the dominance ofwind-pollinated conifers. Nevertheless, there are few studies, botanical or entomological in situ. The boreal system offers important opportunities in general and applied research in pollination ecology and synecology generally. Key words: anthecology; boreal; floral biology; pollinators; taiga. INTRODUCTION Baldwin (1991). -
Conservation Assessment for White Adder's Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda)
Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis B Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald Photo: Kenneth J. Sytsma USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region April 2003 Jan Schultz 2727 N Lincoln Road Escanaba, MI 49829 906-786-4062 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on Malaxis brachypoda (A. Gray) Fernald. This is an administrative study only and does not represent a management decision or direction by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was gathered and reported in preparation for this document and subsequently reviewed by subject experts, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if the reader has information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact: Eastern Region, USDA Forest Service, Threatened and Endangered Species Program, 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for White Adder’s Mouth Orchid (Malaxis Brachypoda) (A. Gray) Fernald 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................................2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................3 -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
FLORAL FRAGRANCE, POLLINATION, AND SEED GERMINATION OF TWO NATIVE, EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS IN SOUTH FLORIDA By HALEIGH AMANDA RAY A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2018 © 2018 Haleigh A. Ray To my family and friends who have been tremendously encouraging ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful for all of my friends and family members who have given endless amounts of love, support, and encouragement as I have progressed through my Ph.D. completion. Without them, this degree would not have been possible. I would like to thank my committee chair and advisor, Dr. Jennifer L. Gillett-Kaufman, for all of the support and advice she has provided during my time here. Thank you for your patience and motivation throughout my dissertation research, it has helped prepare me for my all of my future work in addition to everything that I have completed here at the University of Florida. Additional thanks to my committee members, Dr. Michael Kane, Dr. Charles Stuhl, Dr. Jaret Daniels, and Dr. Jaime Ellis for their feedback on my research. Dr. Kane was always available to help with my seed germination, from the use of his laboratory to troubleshooting research obstacles. Dr. Stuhl provided tremendous assistance in processing of floral fragrance samples and working with me to fully describe the resulting data. I am also very appreciative to the members of the Gillett-Kaufman laboratory, including Dr. Morgan Byron, Eleanor Phillips, Dr. Lawrence Reeves, Omotola Dosunmu, Dr. -
ORCHID POLLINATION ECOLOGY Orchid Pollination Exploring a Fascinating World by Ron Mchatton
ORCHID POLLINATION ECOLOGY Orchid Pollination Exploring a Fascinating World BY RON MCHATTON [1] The first example of sexual deception in Australian orchids involved the genus Cryptostylis. These orchids are pollinated by male parasitic wasps of the genus Lissopimpla. Here four male Lissopimpla excelsa wasps compete for the favors of a Cryptostylis erecta flower. MARK CLEMENTS [2] Silver-spotted skipper (Epargyreus clarus) pollinating a small purple fringed orchid (Platanthera psycodes) at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina. The long spurs of the orchid have nectar at their ends and the skipper must push its proboscis deep into the spur to get to the nectar. Note the pollinia attached to the base of JAMES PETRANKA JAMES the skipper’s proboscis. bumblebee species. In this case, pollinia of Den. infundibulum are placed on the head of the bee while that from the Cymbidium, with much longer column, becomes at- tached to the bee’s central thorax. Because the column of the former species is much shorter, only pollinia placed near the front of the bee will be in a position to contact the stigmatic surface of the Dendrobium column as the bee exits the flower (Du Puy and Cribb 2007). Orchids with large gullet flowers such as Cymbidium are typically pollinated by large carpenter bees and bumblebees are known to pollinate Spiranthes and are implicated in the pollination of northern NT NT U U and some high-elevation species where other large bees are less common or active. 3 4 ERIC H ERIC H Some bees gather oils from flowers rather than nectar or pollen and many orchids [3–4] Sobralia [3] and Cattleya [4], two gen- NO ONE IS REALLY SURE HOW LONG have evolved to attract these pollinators. -
Checklist Flora of the Former Carden Township, City of Kawartha Lakes, on 2016
Hairy Beardtongue (Penstemon hirsutus) Checklist Flora of the Former Carden Township, City of Kawartha Lakes, ON 2016 Compiled by Dale Leadbeater and Anne Barbour © 2016 Leadbeater and Barbour All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or database, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, without written permission of the authors. Produced with financial assistance from The Couchiching Conservancy. The City of Kawartha Lakes Flora Project is sponsored by the Kawartha Field Naturalists based in Fenelon Falls, Ontario. In 2008, information about plants in CKL was scattered and scarce. At the urging of Michael Oldham, Biologist at the Natural Heritage Information Centre at the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Dale Leadbeater and Anne Barbour formed a committee with goals to: • Generate a list of species found in CKL and their distribution, vouchered by specimens to be housed at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, making them available for future study by the scientific community; • Improve understanding of natural heritage systems in the CKL; • Provide insight into changes in the local plant communities as a result of pressures from introduced species, climate change and population growth; and, • Publish the findings of the project . Over eight years, more than 200 volunteers and landowners collected almost 2000 voucher specimens, with the permission of landowners. Over 10,000 observations and literature records have been databased. The project has documented 150 new species of which 60 are introduced, 90 are native and one species that had never been reported in Ontario to date. -
NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID JOURNAL Volume 15(1) 2009
NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID JOURNAL Volume 15(1) 2009 IN THIS ISSUE: A FAMILY ORCHID VACATION TO THE GREAT LAKES REGION AND POINTS BEYOND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN HABENARIA MACROCERATITIS PLATANTHERA HYBRIDS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA TWO NEW FORMS OF THE FLORIDA ADDER’S-MOUTH A NEW GENUS FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN CLEISTES NEW COMBINATIONS AND A NEW SPECIES IN CLEISTESIOPSIS and more…………. The North American Native Orchid Journal (ISSN 1084-7332) is a publication devoted to promoting interest and knowledge of the native orchids of North America. A limited number of the print version of each issue of the Journal are available upon request and electronic versions are available to all interested persons or institutions free of charge. The Journal welcomes articles of any nature that deal with native or introduced orchids that are found growing wild in North America, primarily north of Mexico, although articles of general interest concerning Mexican species will always be welcome. NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE ORCHID JOURNAL Volume 15 (1) 2009 CONTENTS NOTES FROM THE EDITOR 1 A FAMILY ORCHID VACATION TO THE GREAT LAKES REGION AND POINTS BEYOND TOM NELSON 2 MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN HABENARIA MACROCERATITIS SCOTT L. STEWART, PHD. 36 NEW TAXA& COMBINATIONS P.M. BROWN FOUR NEW PLATANTHERA HYBRIDS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 40 TWO NEW FORMS OF THE FLORIDA ADDER’S-MOUTH, MALAXIS SPICATA 43 A WHITE/GREEN FORM OF THE GENTIAN NODDINGCAPS, TRIPHORA GENTIANOIDES 45 WHAT I DID ON MY SUMMER VACATION THE SLOW EMPIRICIST 46 A NEW GENUS FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN CLEISTES E. PANSARIN ET AL. 50 NEW COMBINATIONS AND A NEW SPECIES IN CLEISTESIOPSIS P.M. -
Investigation of Potentially Sensitive Plant Communities in the Old Dummy Burn, Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 2006
Investigation of Potentially Sensitive Plant Communities in the Old Dummy Burn, Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 2006 Robert Lipkin Alaska Natural Heritage Program Environment and Natural Resources Institute University of Alaska Anchorage 707 A Street Anchorage, Alaska 99501 December 2007 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ 2 METHODS.................................................................................................................................................... 2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................................................................................... 3 COMMUNITIES........................................................................................................................................... 3 FLORISTICS ............................................................................................................................................... 6 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 10 LITERATURE CITED.............................................................................................................................. 10 APPENDIX A: TABLES .......................................................................................................................... -
(Orchidaceae): Conservation Issues in Platanthera Leucophaea and Evolutionary Diversification in Section Limnorchis
BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE GENUS PLATANTHERA (ORCHIDACEAE): CONSERVATION ISSUES IN PLATANTHERA LEUCOPHAEA AND EVOLUTIONARY DIVERSIFICATION IN SECTION LIMNORCHIS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lisa Ellen Wallace, MA. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2002 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Daniel Crawford, Co-adviser _______________________ Co-adviser Dr. Andrea Wolfe, Co-adviser Dr. Kent Holsinger _______________________ Co-adviser Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology i ABSTRACT Orchidaceae boasts incredible floral and habit diversity, and many species are quite rare due to natural causes or human activities. In this dissertation, the diversity and rarity of orchids are investigated in studies on species in the genus Platanthera, a primarily temperate group with centers of diversity in North America and eastern Asia. Population genetic structure and the potential for inbreeding depression are examined in Platanthera leucophaea, a threatened species found in wet prairie fragments in the Midwestern US. Populations harbor little allozyme variability (AP = 1.18; PP = 12%; HO = 0.008), but higher levels of diversity were found at RAPD loci (PP = 45%; HNei = 0.159). Both data sets suggested populations are quite differentiated (allozyme FST = 0.75; RAPD ΦST = 0.21), which may indicate little interpopulational gene flow and the potential for inbreeding within populations. In a subsequent study, the potential for inbreeding depression was determined in populations of differing size and genetic structure. The results of these studies indicated that inbreeding depression could be strong as a result of geitonogamous pollination. However, because this species has mechanisms to promote outcrossing, it is expected that biparental inbreeding would more likely lead to inbreeding depression, especially in small populations. -
Orchid Pollinators and Visitors in Juneau, Alaska
Orchid POllinatOrs and visitors in Juneau, alaska Marlin Bowles and Bob Armstrong Trying to document insects that visit the different orchids in the Juneau area has been a really fun project. We used two major methods: sitting near the flowers with camera in hand and staring at them; and putting trail cams and regular cameras in the video mode focused on a plant and walking away. The regular camera that seemed to be the best one was the Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ 300 model. This camera can be used in the telephoto mode from several feet away and can full frame a bumblee. It will also accept the Raynox Supermacro Lens which allows full frame focusing on very tiny insects from several inches away. And best of all you can use the cameras built in flash at a high f-stop and shutter speed so you do not need a tripod. Also this camera will run in the video mode for about two hours. For an evaluation of this camera look at https://www.naturebob.com/sites/default/files/Panasonic%20 fa-200%20evaluation%20final%206.pdf. This shows a Panasonic Lumix camera focused on a tiny tway- blade plant. It will cover all the flowers and run in the video mode for about two hours. For a video of this process look at https://vimeo.com/421616175 We have also used the Wingscapes BIRDCAM PRO model in the motion sensitive mode which will capture large insects such as moths and bumblebees in the photo or video mode both day and night. -
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge's Species List
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2017-06-30 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff June 30, 2017 2 Cover images represent changes to the checklist. Top left: Halobi- sium occidentale observed at Gull Rock, June 8, 2017 (https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/6565787). Image CC BY Matt Bowser. Top right: Aegialites alaskaensis observed at Gull Rock, June 8, 2017 (http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6612922). Image CC BY Matt Bowser. Bottom left: Fucus distichus observed at Gull Rock, June 8, 2017 (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6612338). Image CC BY Matt Bowser. Bottom right: Littorina subrotundata observed at Gull Rock, June 8, 2017 (http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6612398). Image CC BY Matt Bowser. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 24 Vascular Plants........................................................ 47 Bryophytes .......................................................... 59 Chromista........................................................... 63 Fungi ............................................................. 63 Protozoa............................................................ 72 Non-native species 73 -
A Comparison and Combination of Plastid Atpb and Rbcl Gene Sequences for Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships Within Orchidaceae Kenneth M
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 36 2006 A Comparison and Combination of Plastid atpB and rbcL Gene Sequences for Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships within Orchidaceae Kenneth M. Cameron New York Botanical Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Cameron, Kenneth M. (2006) "A Comparison and Combination of Plastid atpB and rbcL Gene Sequences for Inferring Phylogenetic Relationships within Orchidaceae," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 36. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/36 MONOCOTS Comparative Biology and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 447-464 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden A COMPARISON AND COMBINATION OF PLASTID atpB AND rbcL GENE SEQUENCES FOR INFERRING PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN ORCHIDACEAE KENNETH M. CAMERON The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126, USA ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Parsimony analyses of DNA sequences from the plastid genes atpB and rbcL were completed for 173 species of Orchidaceae (representing 150 different genera) and nine genera from outgroup families in Asparagales. The atpB tree topology is similar to the rbcL tree, although the atpB data contain less homoplasy and provide greater jackknife support than rbcL alone. In combination, the two-gene tree recovers five monophyletic clades corresponding to subfamilies within Orchidaceae, and fully resolves them with moderate to high jackknife support as follows: Epidendroideae are sister to Orchidoideae, followed by Cypripedioideae, then Vanilloideae, and with Apostasioideae sister to the entire family.