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												Politics of Genocide
I THE BACKGROUND 2 1 WHY PUNJAB? Exit British, Enter Congress In 1849 the Sikh empire fell to the British army; it was the last of their conquests. Nearly a hundred years later when the British were about to relinquish India they were negotiating with three parties; namely the Congress Party largely supported by Hindus, the Muslim League representing the Muslims and the Akali Dal representing the Sikhs. Before 1849, the Satluj was the boundary between the kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and other Sikh states, such as Patiala (the largest and most influential), Nabha and Jind, Kapurthala, Faridkot, Kulcheter, Kalsia, Buria, Malerkotla (a Muslim state under Sikh protection). Territory under Sikh rulers stretched from the Peshawar to the Jamuna. Those below the Satluj were known as the Cis-Satluj states. 3 In these pre-independence negotiations, the Akalis, led by Master Tara Singh, represented the Sikhs residing in the territory which had once been Ranjit Singh’s kingdom; Yadavindra Singh, Maharaja of Patiala, spoke for the Cis- Satluj states. Because the Sikh population was thinly dispersed all over these areas, the Sikhs felt it was not possible to carve out an entirely separate Sikh state and had allied themselves with the Congress whose policy proclaimed its commitment to the concept of unilingual states with a federal structure and assured the Sikhs that “no future Constitution would be acceptable to the Congress that did not give full satisfaction to the Sikhs.” Gandhi supplemented this assurance by saying: “I ask you to accept my word and the resolution of the Congress that it will not betray a single individual, much less a community .. - 
												
												Nishaan – Blue Star-II-2018
II/2018 NAGAARA Recalling Operation ‘Bluestar’ of 1984 Who, What, How and Why The Dramatis Personae “A scar too deep” “De-classify” ! The Fifth Annual Conference on the Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, jointly hosted by the Chardi Kalaa Foundation and the San Jose Gurdwara, took place on 19 August 2017 at San Jose in California, USA. One of the largest and arguably most beautiful gurdwaras in North America, the Gurdwara Sahib at San Jose was founded in San Jose, California, USA in 1985 by members of the then-rapidly growing Sikh community in the Santa Clara Valley Back Cover ContentsIssue II/2018 C Travails of Operation Bluestar for the 46 Editorial Sikh Soldier 2 HERE WE GO AGAIN: 34 Years after Operation Bluestar Lt Gen RS Sujlana Dr IJ Singh 49 Bluestar over Patiala 4 Khushwant Singh on Operation Bluestar Mallika Kaur “A Scar too deep” 22 Book Review 1984: Who, What, How and Why Jagmohan Singh 52 Recalling the attack on Muktsar Gurdwara Col (Dr) Dalvinder Singh Grewal 26 First Person Account KD Vasudeva recalls Operation Bluestar 55 “De-classify !” Knowing the extent of UK’s involvement in planning ‘Bluestar’ 58 Reformation of Sikh institutions? PPS Gill 9 Bluestar: the third ghallughara Pritam Singh 61 Closure ! The pain and politics of Bluestar 12 “Punjab was scorched 34 summers Jagtar Singh ago and… the burn still hurts” 34 Hamid Hussain, writes on Operation Bluestar 63 Resolution by The Sikh Forum Kanwar Sandhu and The Dramatis Personae Editorial Director Editorial Office II/2018 Dr IJ Singh D-43, Sujan Singh Park New Delhi 110 - 
												
												Khalistan & Kashmir: a Tale of Two Conflicts
123 Matthew Webb: Khalistan & Kashmir Khalistan & Kashmir: A Tale of Two Conflicts Matthew J. Webb Petroleum Institute _______________________________________________________________ While sharing many similarities in origin and tactics, separatist insurgencies in the Indian states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir have followed remarkably different trajectories. Whereas Punjab has largely returned to normalcy and been successfully re-integrated into India’s political and economic framework, in Kashmir diminished levels of violence mask a deep-seated antipathy to Indian rule. Through a comparison of the socio- economic and political realities that have shaped the both regions, this paper attempts to identify the primary reasons behind the very different paths that politics has taken in each state. Employing a distinction from the normative literature, the paper argues that mobilization behind a separatist agenda can be attributed to a range of factors broadly categorized as either ‘push’ or ‘pull’. Whereas Sikh separatism is best attributed to factors that mostly fall into the latter category in the form of economic self-interest, the Kashmiri independence movement is more motivated by ‘push’ factors centered on considerations of remedial justice. This difference, in addition to the ethnic distance between Kashmiri Muslims and mainstream Indian (Hindu) society, explains why the politics of separatism continues in Kashmir, but not Punjab. ________________________________________________________________ Introduction Of the many separatist insurgencies India has faced since independence, those in the states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir have proven the most destructive and potent threats to the country’s territorial integrity. Ostensibly separate movements, the campaigns for Khalistan and an independent Kashmir nonetheless shared numerous similarities in origin and tactics, and for a brief time were contemporaneous. - 
												
												FOREWORD the Need to Prepare a Clear and Comprehensive Document
FOREWORD The need to prepare a clear and comprehensive document on the Punjab problem has been felt by the Sikh community for a very long time. With the release of this White Paper, the S.G.P.C. has fulfilled this long-felt need of the community. It takes cognisance of all aspects of the problem-historical, socio-economic, political and ideological. The approach of the Indian Government has been too partisan and negative to take into account a complete perspective of the multidimensional problem. The government White Paper focusses only on the law and order aspect, deliberately ignoring a careful examination of the issues and processes that have compounded the problem. The state, with its aggressive publicity organs, has often, tried to conceal the basic facts and withhold the genocide of the Sikhs conducted in Punjab in the name of restoring peace. Operation Black Out, conducted in full collaboration with the media, has often led to the circulation of one-sided versions of the problem, adding to the poignancy of the plight of the Sikhs. Record has to be put straight for people and posterity. But it requires volumes to make a full disclosure of the long history of betrayal, discrimination, political trickery, murky intrigues, phoney negotiations and repression which has led to blood and tears, trauma and torture for the Sikhs over the past five decades. Moreover, it is not possible to gather full information, without access to government records. This document has been prepared on the basis of available evidence to awaken the voices of all those who love justice to the understanding of the Sikh point of view. - 
												
												The Sikh Prayer)
Acknowledgements My sincere thanks to: Professor Emeritus Dr. Darshan Singh and Prof Parkash Kaur (Chandigarh), S. Gurvinder Singh Shampura (member S.G.P.C.), Mrs Panninder Kaur Sandhu (nee Pammy Sidhu), Dr Gurnam Singh (p.U. Patiala), S. Bhag Singh Ankhi (Chief Khalsa Diwan, Amritsar), Dr. Gurbachan Singh Bachan, Jathedar Principal Dalbir Singh Sattowal (Ghuman), S. Dilbir Singh and S. Awtar Singh (Sikh Forum, Kolkata), S. Ravinder Singh Khalsa Mohali, Jathedar Jasbinder Singh Dubai (Bhai Lalo Foundation), S. Hardarshan Singh Mejie (H.S.Mejie), S. Jaswant Singh Mann (Former President AISSF), S. Gurinderpal Singh Dhanaula (Miri-Piri Da! & Amritsar Akali Dal), S. Satnam Singh Paonta Sahib and Sarbjit Singh Ghuman (Dal Khalsa), S. Amllljit Singh Dhawan, Dr Kulwinder Singh Bajwa (p.U. Patiala), Khoji Kafir (Canada), Jathedar Amllljit Singh Chandi (Uttrancbal), Jathedar Kamaljit Singh Kundal (Sikh missionary), Jathedar Pritam Singh Matwani (Sikh missionary), Dr Amllljit Kaur Ibben Kalan, Ms Jagmohan Kaur Bassi Pathanan, Ms Gurdeep Kaur Deepi, Ms. Sarbjit Kaur. S. Surjeet Singh Chhadauri (Belgium), S Kulwinder Singh (Spain), S, Nachhatar Singh Bains (Norway), S Bhupinder Singh (Holland), S. Jageer Singh Hamdard (Birmingham), Mrs Balwinder Kaur Chahal (Sourball), S. Gurinder Singh Sacha, S.Arvinder Singh Khalsa and S. Inder Singh Jammu Mayor (ali from south-east London), S.Tejinder Singh Hounslow, S Ravinder Singh Kundra (BBC), S Jameet Singh, S Jawinder Singh, Satchit Singh, Jasbir Singh Ikkolaha and Mohinder Singh (all from Bristol), Pritam Singh 'Lala' Hounslow (all from England). Dr Awatar Singh Sekhon, S. Joginder Singh (Winnipeg, Canada), S. Balkaran Singh, S. Raghbir Singh Samagh, S. Manjit Singh Mangat, S. - 
												
												Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora Harmeet S
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Scholarship@Western Western University Scholarship@Western MA Research Paper Sociology Department October 2016 Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora Harmeet S. Sandhu [email protected], [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Sandhu, Harmeet S., "Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora" (2016). MA Research Paper. 9. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp/9 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology Department at Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in MA Research Paper by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. BEYOND THE LAND OF FIVE RIVERS: SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE CANADIAN SIKH DIASPORA by Harmeet Singh Sandhu A research paper accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Supervisor: Dr. Anton Allahar 2016 ABSTRACT Romanticized visions of Khalistan became emotively embedded in the hearts and minds of Sikh-Canadians following the execution of Operation Blue Star. Today, insurgents residing within the contested homeland continue to draw support from Sikh immigrants and their Canadian-born descendants. Perplexingly, while a sizable proportion of second and third-generation Sikh youth advocate for the creation of the theocratic state of Khalistan, many selectively disregard the righteous way of life envisioned by the founders of the Khalsa Panth. - 
												
												Report on Women and Water
SUMMARY Water has become the most commercial product of the 21st century. This may sound bizarre, but true. In fact, what water is to the 21st century, oil was to the 20th century. The stress on the multiple water resources is a result of a multitude of factors. On the one hand, the rapidly rising population and changing lifestyles have increased the need for fresh water. On the other hand, intense competitions among users-agriculture, industry and domestic sector is pushing the ground water table deeper. To get a bucket of drinking water is a struggle for most women in the country. The virtually dry and dead water resources have lead to acute water scarcity, affecting the socio- economic condition of the society. The drought conditions have pushed villagers to move to cities in search of jobs. Whereas women and girls are trudging still further. This time lost in fetching water can very well translate into financial gains, leading to a better life for the family. If opportunity costs were taken into account, it would be clear that in most rural areas, households are paying far more for water supply than the often-normal rates charged in urban areas. Also if this cost of fetching water which is almost equivalent to 150 million women day each year, is covered into a loss for the national exchequer it translates into a whopping 10 billion rupees per year The government has accorded the highest priority to rural drinking water for ensuring universal access as a part of policy framework to achieve the goal of reaching the unreached. - 
												
												1 Intake 60 90 60 60 120 60 30 120 60 90 60 120 60 30 120 120 60 90
PART-A GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING (TECHNICAL EDUCATION BRANCH II) NOTIFICATION No. 13/105/10-1TE2/170 Dated: 12-1-12 1.0 The Governor of Punjab is pleased to appoint the Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar (PTU) as the authority competent to conduct the Online Counselling for the admission to various degree levels Engineering and Architecture Courses being run in the Institutions and Universities located in the State of Punjab on the basis of AIEEE-2012 and NATA respectively for the academic Session 2012-2013. The admission shall be made in the following Institutions/Universities1 and courses mentioned against these: - a. PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR (i) ENGINEERING COLLEGES Sl. Name of The College B.Tech. No Intake Civil Engineering 60 Computer Science & Engg. Giani Zail Singh,College of Engineering & 90 1. Tech., Bhatinda, Punjab - 151 001. Punjab Electrical Engineering 60 (Constituent College of Punjab Technical Electronics & Communication 60 Univerisity, Jalandhar) Mechanical Engineering 120 Textile Engineering 60 Chemical Engineering 30 Computer Science & Engg. 120 2. Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Electrical Engg. 60 Campus, Moga Road, NG 95,Ferozepur Electronics & Comm Engg 90 Civil Engineering 60 Mechanical Engineering 120 Bio Technology 60 Beant College of Engg. & Tech., Village Bariar, Chemical Engineering 30 Amritsar – Pathankot G.T. Road, Gurdaspur- 3. Computer Engineering 120 143 521. (Established &Promoted by Punjab Electronics & Comm. Engineering 120 Government) Information Technology 60 Mechanical Engineering 90 Baba Hira Singh Bhattal Inst. Of Engg. & Computer Science & Engg. 60 Technology,Sunam- Jakhal Road Lehragaga Electrical Engineering 60 4 Distt Sangrur-148031 Punjab (Established &Promoted by Punjab Electronics & Comm. - 
												
												The Shiromani Akali Dal and Emerging Ideological Cleavages in Contemporary Sikh Politics in Punjab: Integrative Regionalism Versus Exclusivist Ethnonationalism
143 Jugdep Chima: Ideological Cleavages in Sikh Politics The Shiromani Akali Dal and Emerging Ideological Cleavages in Contemporary Sikh Politics in Punjab: Integrative Regionalism versus Exclusivist Ethnonationalism Jugdep Singh Chima Hiram College, USA ________________________________________________________________ This article describes the emerging ideological cleavages in contemporary Sikh politics, and attempts to answer why the Shiromani Akali Dal has taken a moderate stance on Sikh ethnic issues and in its public discourse in the post-militancy era? I put forward a descriptive argument that rhetorical/ideological cleavages in contemporary Sikh politics in Punjab can be differentiated into two largely contrasting poles. The first is the dominant Akali Dal (Badal) which claims to be the main leadership of the Sikh community, based on its majority in the SGPC and its ability to form coalition majorities in the state assembly in Punjab. The second pole is an array of other, often internally fractionalized, Sikh political and religious organizations, whose claim for community leadership is based on the espousal of aggressive Sikh ethnonationalism and purist religious identity. The “unity” of this second pole within Sikh politics is not organizational, but rather, is an ideological commitment to Sikh ethnonationalism and political opposition to the moderate Shiromani Akali Dal. The result of these two contrasting “poles” is an interesting ethno-political dilemma in which the Akali Dal has pragmatic electoral success in democratic elections - 
												
												The Sikh Diaspora Global Diasporas Series Editor: Robin Cohen
The Sikh diaspora Global diasporas Series Editor: Robin Cohen The assumption that minorities and migrants will demonstrate an exclusive loyalty to the nation-state is now questionable. Scholars of nationalism, international migration and ethnic relations need new conceptual maps and fresh case studies to understand the growth of complex transnational identities. The old idea of “diaspora” may provide this framework. Though often conceived in terms of a catastrophic dispersion, widening the notion of diaspora to include trade, imperial, labour and cultural diaporas can provide a more nuanced understanding of the often positive relationships between migrants’ homelands and their places of work and settlement. This book forms part of an ambitious and interlinked series of volumes trying to capture the new relationships between home and abroad. Historians, political scientists, sociologists and anthropologists from a number of countries have collaborated on this forward-looking project. The series includes two books which provide the defining, comparative and synoptic aspects of diasporas. Further titles, of which The Sikh diaspora is the first, focus on particular communities, both traditionally recognized diasporas and those newer claimants who define their collective experiences and aspirations in terms of a diasporic identity. This series is associated with the Transnational Communities Programme at the University of Oxford funded by the UK’s Economic and Social Research Council. Already published: Global diasporas: an introduction Robin Cohen New diasporas Nicholas Van Hear Forthcoming books include: The Italian labour diaspora Donna Gabaccia The Greek diaspora: from Odyssey to EU George Stubos The Japanese diaspora Michael Weiner, Roger Daniels, Hiroshi Komai The Sikh diaspora The search for statehood Darshan Singh Tatla © Darshan Singh Tatla 1999 This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. - 
												
												1984 UK Armed Hatred of Sikhs - Allowing Mobs to Kill and Rape
PRE JUNE NOV 19 8 4 19 8 4 19 8 4 Sikhs have their own distinct and The Indian Govt launches After Indira Gandhi’s assasination, divinely revealed religion and scripture. the largest military operation her son and the ruling congress They aim for a Saintly soldier ideal and against its own citizens killing party organised 3 days of history has shown them to be brave and freedom loving. over 5000+ innocent Sikhs. killings of Sikhs Pre-1947 British Indian Raj THEY SAY: A Sikh country was about to be declared. THEY SAY: It was a Hindu vs Sikh riot - not genocide. • 1849 British Raj annexes huge Sikh Kingdom. • 1900s TRUTH: A strike on grain shipments out of Punjab was TRUTH: It was not a religious riot but a one-sided killing Sikhs fight bravely for Indian independence• S i k h s (2% p l a n n e d f o r 3 r d J u n e t o p r o t e s t f o r t h e A n a n d p u r r e s o l u t i o n . of Sikhs. In Punjab no Hindus were killed in retaliation. Indian population) give 80% of sacrifices in freedom Most Hindus didn’t participate. Govt organised buses struggle • M . G a n d h i a n d N e h r u p r o m i s e S i k h s t a t e w i t h i n THEY SAY: It was last minute and unplanned. - 
												
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