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Home , Acylcarnitine hydrolase, Adenosylhomocysteinase, Adenylosuccinate lyase, Alanine transaminase, Alginate synthase, Allantoicase

COO 2.7.1.15 CONH2 COO 2.7.1.16 1.1.1.1 BLOOD GROUP + O O + O O 1.1.1.3 HYALURONIC ACID DERMATAN ALGINATES O-ANTIGENS STARCH GLYCOGEN CH COO N COO 2.7.1.17 P SUBSTANCES 2 OH N + COO 1.1.1.8 -3- dehydrogenase -O - P - O - P - O- (P) Ribose - O - P - O - P - O -Adenosine NICOTINATE 2.7.1.19 GANGLIOSIDES PEPTIDO- CH OH CH OH N 1 + COO 1.1.1.9 D-Xylulose 2 2 NH .2.1 2.7.1.24 Dephospho-CoA O CHITIN CHONDROITIN PECTIN INULIN CELLULOSE O O NH O O O O Ribose- P 2.4 N N RP 1.1.1.10 l-Xylulose reductase MUCINS GLYCAN 6.3.5.1 2.7.7.18 2.7.1.25 Adenylylsulfate kinase CH2OH HO Indoleacetate Indoxyl + 1.1.1.14 l-Iditol dehydrogenase L O O O Desamino-NAD Nicotinate- Quinolinate- A 2.7.1.28 O O 1.1.1.132 HO (Auxin) NAD(P) 6.3.1.5 2.4.2.19 1.1.1.19 Glucuronate reductase CHOH - 2.4.1.68 CH3 OH OH OH 2.7.1.30 Y - COO nucleotide 2.7.1.31 1.1.1.21 reductase AcNH CHOH COO 6.3.2.7-10 2.4.1.69 O 1.2.3.7 2.4.2.19 R OPPT OH OH + 1.1.1.22 UDPglucose dehydrogenase 2.4.99.7 HO O OPPU HO 2.7.1.32 kinase S CH2OH 6.3.2.13 OH OPPU CH HO CH2CH(NH3)COO HO CH CH NH HO CH2CH2NHCOCH3 CH O CH CH NHCOCH COO 1.1.1.23 OPC 2.4.1.17 3 2.4.1.29 CH CHO 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 O 2.7.1.33 CH3CH NHAC OH OH OH 2 COO 1.1.1.25 A HO HO OPPG CH OH 2.7.1.34 Pantetheine kinase UDP- TDP-Rhamnose 2 NH NH NH NH N M 2.7.1.36 1.1.1.27 HO COO- GDP- 2.4.1.21 O NH NH 4.1.1.28 2.3.1.5 2.1.1.4 1.1.1.29 C UDP-N-Ac-Muramate Iduronate OH 2.4.1.1 2.4.1.11 HO 5-Hydroxy- 5-Hydroxytryptamine N-Acetyl-serotonin N-Acetyl-5-O-methyl-serotonin Quinolinate 2.7.1.39 Mannuronate CH3 etc. 3.2.1.23 Indole- Indole A 1.1.1.30 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase GDP- O 2.4.1.21 (SEROTONIN) (MELATONIN) 2.7.1.40 1.1.1.31 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase C CMP-N-Acetyl OH OH 2.7.1.38 acetaldehyde 1.14.16.4 T 2.7 1.47 D-Ribulokinase 1.1.1.32 Mevaldate reductase CH2OH 5.1.3.13 O 2.7.1.53 l-Xylulokinase H neuraminate CH2OH O OH + 1.1.1.34 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) HO O 5.1.3.12 OH OPPT 4.1.1.43 + COO I 2.7.1.60 N-Acylmannosamine kinase O COO 4.2.1.47 + COCH2CH(NH3)COO COO 2.4.1.33 CO CH2CH(NH3)COO CO CH CH(NH )COO 2.7.1.71 1.1.1.35 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase A CHOH 2.4.1.16 OH CH OH 2 3 CHOH COO - ADP- 2 CH2COCOO CHO NH2 NH2 OCH OCH NH C 2.7.1.80 — 1.1.1.37 AcNH COO HO OH HO OPPG CH OH O NH NH2 2 OH OPPU O 2 TDP-4-Oxo- NH 2 OH OH COO COO 2.7.1.82 1.1.1.39 Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) R CH2OH O OH CH OH 4.1.99.1 HO 2 NH 3.5.1.9 1.14.13.9 3.7.1.3 1.13.11.6 4.1.1.45 1.1.1.41 (NAD+) OH 2.7.7.43 CH OH 6-deoxyglucose 2.7.1.6 O Formylkynurenine 3-Hydroxy 3-Hydroxy 2-Amino-3-carboxy 2-Aminomuconate- 2.7.1.107 1.1.1.158 2 NHCOCH3 GDP- HO 1.1.1.44 Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase I 3.1.3.29 O HO OH OPPU Indolepyruvate A 2.7.2.3 OH OPPU kynurenine anthranilate muconate semialdehyde 6-semialdehyde 2.7.2.4 (decarboxylating) HO UDP-N-Ac- HO OH HO OH D CH2OH HO 1 1.13.11.11 COO 2.7.2.6 Formate kinase 1.1.1.45 l-Gulonate dehydrogenase OH GDP-Glucose OH O P 2.4.1.22 . H H Catechol M N-Ac-Neuraminate O 4 COO 1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase HO O OPPU Galactosamine MANNOSE UDP-Glucose .1 + 2.7.2.11 Glutamate 5-kinase E (Sialate) UDP- 2.7.7.13 4.2.1.46 OH .1 CH2CH(NH3)COO NH C C CH CH OP 1.2.1.32 1.1.1.56 Ribitol dehydrogenase CH C COO CH CH NH 9 C-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP HOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH OP 2 I 2.7.3.2 kinase CH OP 2 NHAC 1.1.22 Galactose-P 2 2 2 2 COO 1.1.1.79 (NADP+) 2 Galacturonate 2.7.1.7 1. 2.7.7.27 CH CH OH OH 1.14.12.1 2.7.4.2 S COO O OP NH N NH 1.1.1.81 Hydroxypyruvate reductase O HO OH HO CH2OH NH 4.2.1.20 N O 2 N 2.7.4.3 4.1.1.28 H H 4.1.1.48 2.4.2.18 OOC NH2 1.1.1.82 Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) UDP-N-Ac- Mannose-1-P O 2.7.4.4 -phosphate kinase 3.1.3.29 5.1.3.7 2.7.7.34 2.7.7.9 HO Tryptamine Indole-3-glycerol-P 1-(o-Carboxy phenylamino) N-(5-P-Ribosyl) Anthranilate OOC O 1.1.1.85 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase ACNH CH OP TDP-Glucose 5.1.3.2 2.7.4.6 Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase 4.1.3.20 Glucosamine HO OH OPPU 5.1.3.6 2 COO TRYPTOPHAN 2-Amino HO OH OH O 2.7.7.10 1-deoxyribulose-5-P anthranilate 2.7.4.8 1.1.1.86 Ketol-acid reductoisomerase 2.7.7.12 OC pyruvate OH OH OPPU HO COO muconate 2.7.4.9 dtmp kinase 1.1.1.95 Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase CH OH COO COO COO COO OOC CH COCOO UDP-Glucuronate 5.4.2.8 2.7.7.24 2 POCH2 CH2 COO 2 1.1.1.100 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-] reductase N-Ac-Mannosamine-6-P O OH 4.1.3.27 A 2.7.4.14 CH OH CH OH HO OHHO OH 1.1.1.102 3-Dehydrosphinganine reductase CH OH 2 2 CH2OP HOCH HCOH CH2 CH 2.7.6.1 Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 2 O 4.1.3.20 2 1.1.1.105 O O O OH OH C 2.7.7.3 Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase C HO OH P OH O-C-COO HO O P O O O P O OC-COO 2.7.7.4 Sulfate adenylyl 1.1.1.130 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase 2.7.1.60 Mannose-6-P 2.4.1.13 CH OP OH UDP-Galactose H OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH I 1.1.1.157 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase H ACNH 2 4.6.1.3 4.2.1.10 1.1.1.25 2.7.1.71 2.5.1.19 4.6.1.4 5.4.99.5 2.7.7.6 RNA (DNA-directed) HO OH OPPU OH P O HO 3-Deoxy-D-arabino- Dehydro- Dehydro- Shikimate Shikimate-3-P Shikimate-5 Chorismate Prephenate 1.1.1.158 UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase HO OH OH HO O HO OH OH 2.4.1.9 D 2.7.7.7 DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) 1.1.1.169 2-Dehydropantoate 2-reductase E NHAC heptulosonate-7-P quinate shikimate enolpyruvate 3-P 2.7.7.9 UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase NHCOCH3 5.4.2.3 NHCOCH O PEP + + 1.1.1.204 dehydrogenase 3 Glucose-1-P O OH CH COCOO (NH ) CH CH( N H ) C OO 2.7.7.10 UTP—hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase HO OH OH CH OH 2 CH2CH 3 C OO 2 3 CH COCOO S 1.1.1.205 IMP-dehydrogenase X N-Ac-Mannosamine UDP-N-Ac-Glucosamine N-Ac-Glucosamine-1-P N-Ac-Glucosamine-6-P 2 2 2.7.7.12 UDP glucose—hexose-1-phosphate 2 O CH2COO 4.2.1.51 1.1.3.8 l-Gulonolactone oxidase 5.1.3.14 2.7.7.23 .3.1 O uridylyltransferase O .4 NH2 O 1.1.3.22 H H OH -OOC CH COO CH2COO 2.7.7.13 Mannose-1-phosphate COO OH OH OH OH 2 COO 1.3.1.13 1.1.99.1 5.3.1.8 Glucosamine-6-P HO OH OH OH OH 2.7.7.14 Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase S O HOCH C C C CO CH OH OH 5.2.1.2 1.13.11.5 1.13.11.27 2.6.1.5 1.14.16.1 2.6.1.5 1.1.99.5 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase OH 2 2 2.7.7.15 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase OH H OH OH OP Fumaryl Maleyl Homogentisate Hydroxyphenyl Phenylpyruvate 1.2.1.3 (NAD+) OH OH H OH 4.3. 2.7.7.18 Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase E acetoacetate acetoacetate 1.3.1.13 pyruvate 1.5 1.2.1.7 Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) HOCH C C C C COO- OH HO OH 1.3.1.13 2.7.7.23 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 2 HO OH OH HO 3.2.1.26 3.2.1.48 + 1.2.1.8 Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase S 2.7.7.24 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase SUCROSE GLUCOSE CHOHCH NHCH CHOHCH NH CH CH NH CH CH( N H 3 ) C OO- H OH H H OH OH OH 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2.7.7.27 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase 1.2.1.11 Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 1.1.1.19 1.13.99.1 3.1.3.25 .1. CH2CH2NH2 1.2 CH=CHCOO 1.2.1.12 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Gulonate Glucuronate Inositol Inositol-P 5.5.1.4 5 C 2.7.7.34 Glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 1.2.1.13 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase OH H OH OH OH H OH 5.4.2.2 OH OH OH OH Cinnamate 2.7.7.41 Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 1.21 1.14.16.2 Ubiquinone 1.2.1.16 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) OH H OH OH 1.1. OH OH OH OH A 2.7.7.43 N-Acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase HOCH C C C C CO HOCH C C C CO CO ATP Menaquinone 1.2.1.18 Malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase 3.1.1.18 2 2 H H OH H 3.1.3.9 2.1.1.28 1.14.17.1 4.1.1.28 + OH 2.7.8.1 Ethanolamine phosphotransferase HOCH C C C C CO 1.1.1.14 CH2OP 2.7.1.2 CH CH( N H ) C OO 2 Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine Dopa 2 3 1.14.13.11 T 2.7.8.2 Diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (acetylating) H H H H H C C C C O 2.7.1.1 Tyramine H O HOCH2 CH2OH (Adrenaline) (Noradrenaline) 2.7.8.3 Ceramide cholinephosphotransferase 1.2.1.21 Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase O O 2.6.1.16 CHOHCH NH O E OH OH H OH 2 2 H N 2.7.8.5 CDPdiacylglycerol—glycerol-3- 1.2.1.23 2-Oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) Gulonolactone 1.1.3.8 2-Oxogulonolactone ASCORBATE O ADP 1.6 1.14.18.1 H I I CH=CHCOO 1.10.2.1 2 CH 1. 2 phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase 1.2.1.24 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase OH H OH OH H OH H .7 HO OH 2OP 2. O C C 1.1.1.45 1.10.3.3 .1 OCH O Coumarate 2.7.8.8 CDPdiacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase 1.2.1.25 2-Oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) .4 1.1.1.49 O 3 α-Tocopherol CH-COO O HOCH C C CO C COO- HOCH C C CO CO COO- HOCH C C CO CO CO OH CH(OH)COO OH CHOHCH OH H 2.7.8.11 CDPdiacylglycerol—inositol 1.2.1.27 Methylmalonate-semialdehyde 2 2 2 2 ( E) + O dehydrogenase (acylating) 2.7.1.3 P-Glucono Glucose-6-P Normetepinephrine O NH3 OH 3-phosphatidyltransferase H OH H 1.1.1.130 H OH H O 7 1.2.1.31 l-Aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase .1 HO OH OH OCH (Normetadrenaline) I I O 2.8.3.5 3-Oxoacid CoA-transferase 3-Dehydrogulonate 2, 3-Dioxogulonate Dehydroascorbate H H OH H 1.1 lactone 3 4 OCH3 Dopaquinone 1.2.1.32 Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase P 3. 3. NH 2.8.3.6 3-Oxoadipate CoA-transferase + OH OH .4. OH O OH L 1.2.1.36 Retinal dehydrogenase C C C C COO- NADP 1 E OH H OH H H OH H H POCH2 1.14.18.1 1.2.1.41 Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 5.3.1.9 4-OH-3-Methoxy- 4-OH-3-Methoxy- Plastoquinone THYROXINE LIGNIN Tannins Pigments OH OH H OH 5.3.1.8 A 1.2.1.52 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 3.1.1.3 Triacylglycerol N HOCH2 C C C CHO HOCH2 C C C CHO HOCH2 C C CO CH2OH NADPH D-mandelate phenylglycol 1.2.3.5 Glyoxylate oxidase H H OH M 3.1.1.4 A2 H OH H OH OH H OH OH 6-P-Gluconate 1.2.3.7 Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase T CH OP 3.1.1.5 Lysophospholipase 5.3.1.3 HOCH2 C C C CO CH2OP NADP + 2 4.1.1.34 2.7.1.47 OOC-CH-CH2COO I 3.1.1.7 1.2.4.1 (lipoamide) D- D- H H HO O NHCOCH NH O O L-Xylose OH OH H 1.1.1.44 2 2 NH NH N OOC N N N 3.1.1.17 Gluconolactonase 1.2.4.2 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) HC HNCO C C OH H H OH H OH H 2.2.1.1 C C C CO CH OH H2C H2C C C N 1.2.7.1 Fructose-1-P POCH2 2 CHO CHO CH CH CH H N CH 3.1.1.21 Retinyl-palmitate S HN C H N C C C 2 1.2.7.2 2-Oxobutyrate synthase HOCH C C C HOCH C C CO C C CO OC 2 H2N 3.1.1.28 Acylcarnitine 2 CH2OH 2 CH2OH POCH2 CH2OH OH OH H NH NH N H N N N C N RP E 1.3.1.1 dehydrogenase (NAD+) H H H OH OH RP RP RP 2 RP RP H2N 3.1.1.31 6-Phosphogluconolactonase E H OH OH H OH H OH 5.1.3.1 NADPH 1.3.1.2 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 2.1.2.2 6.3.5.3 6.3.3.1 4.1.1.21 6.3.2.6 4.3.2.2 3.1.1.32 2.7.1.53 HOCH C C C CH OH H H Fructose-6-P Glycinamide- Formyl Formyl 5-Amino 5-Amino-4-imidazole 5-Amino-4-imidazole 5-Aminoimidazole O S 1.3.1.8 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) 2 2 C N 3.1.2.1 Acetyl-CoA hydrolase S L-Arabitol L-Xylulose L-Xylulose-5-P H N C 1.3.1.9 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) OH OH OH C C CO CH OH ribosyl-P glycinamide-R P glycinamidine-R P imidazole-R P carboxylate-R P (N-succinylcarboxamide)-R P carboxamide-R P 2 CH 3.1.2.3 Succinyl-CoA hydrolase OH OH H H OH H H OH H POCH2 2 ATP 1.3.1.10 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] Ribitol HCO C 3.1.2.4 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase HOCH C C C CHO HOCH CH OH HOCH C C C CHO OH OH H H O 2.1.2.3 N RP reductase (NADPH, B-specific) 2 2 C C C 2 2 2.7.1.11 H N NH NH O O NH 3.1.2.11 Acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase H NCONH H N COO NH2 2 OC C N N 1.3.1.13 (NADP+) POCH C C CHO 3.1.3.11 2 2 2 HN C C C Formylamido- 3.1.2.20 Acyl-CoA hydrolase H H OH 1.1.1.10 OH H OH OH H OH D-Ribulose-5-P 2 CO CO CO HN C HN C 3 1.3.1.14 Orotate reductase (NADH) 2.7.1.47 6.3.4.13 OC C C CH CH 2.2.2 .1.3 3.1.3.2 Acid 5 H H H OH OH ADP OC C N H NH OC C 3. .5 imidazole- 1.3.1.26 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase L-Arabinose .3 Xylitol D-Xylose N H NH N NH OC HC C 3.1.3.3 Phosphoserine phosphatase .1 H H H NH NH N NH 1.3.1.35 Phosphatidylcholine desaturase .4 HOCH C C C CHO Erythrose-4-P 3.5.3.4 carboxamide-R P 3.1.3.4 Phosphatidate phosphatase OH H H OH OH OH OH 2 5.1.3.1 H H HO 3.5.2.5 1.7.3.3 1.1.1.204 1.1.3.22 2.4.2.1 1.3.3.3 Coproporphyrinogen oxidase Allantoate Allantoin URATE Xanthine 3.1.3.5 5´- OH OH OH + 1.1.3.22 3.5.4.10 O 1.3.3.4 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase HOCH2 C C C CHO HOCH2 C C CO CH2OH POCH2 C C CO CH OH C C C CO CH OP CH (NH )COO NH2 N 3.1.3.9 Glucose-6-phosphatase 2 POCH2 2 2 3 NH N C 1.3.5.1 (ubiquinone) D-Ribose .4 2 N HN C 3.1.3.11 Fructose-bisphosphatase H OH OH H H H H H OH OH OH H .1 N CH NH CH 1.3.99.1 Succinate dehydrogenase 2.7.1.16 5.3.1.6 .6 N 2 N OOC-CH-CH2COO 3.1.3.15 Histidinol-phosphatase 5. 2 10GLYCINE CH O O O HC N C HC C P L-Lyxose L-Ribulose L-Ribulose-5-P 1.3.4 C C CO CH OH CH OP .1. 0 O N N C N N RP 3.1.3.25 myo-Inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 1.3.99.2 Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase POCH2 2 2 4 .2 HC N - CH NH 4.1.2.- O 1. 1 N O P~O P~O P O CH 1.3.99.3 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase H OH Fructose- NH2 . 2 O C N 3.1.3.27 Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase OH H 2.2.1.2 .1 HC C U 1 2 O P O CH2 O N N RP(P) INOSINE-P 1.3.99.7 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase .1.1 O O O Fumarate N C CH Aspartate 3.1.3.29 N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase .9 HOCH2 C C CO CH2OH D-Xylulose-5-P 1:6-bis-P OOCCH2NHCH3 (IMP) R 3.1.3.31 Nucleotidase 1.3.99.10 Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase 2.7.4.3 HC C 1.4.1.1 dehydrogenase OH H 2.7.1.17 Sarcosine OH OH N NH RP 3.1.4.2 Glycerophosphocholine OH OH O 2.7.4.6 2.7.4.4 4.3.2.2 6.3.4.4 O I 1.4.1.2 2 Glyoxylate OH 6.1.1 Adenylo- C N 3.1.4.3 D-Xylulose .7 4. ATP ADP ADENOSINE-P 1.4.1.7 Serine dehydrogenase .1 P-Ribosyl 1.5.99.2 HN C 3.1.4.4 .1 Cyclic AMP succinate 3.1.4.6 CH N 1.4.1.8 dehydrogenase (NADP+) 5 (AMP) C 3.1.4.10 1- phosphodieterase H H H amine 1.4.4.2 1.17.4.1 1.1.1.205 OC 1.4.1.9 dehydrogenase H H H OH N N RP 3.1.4.12 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase OOCCH N(CH ) d-ADP H E 1.4.1.10 dehydrogenase POCH C C C CHO 2 3 2 2.4.2.1 3.2.1.21 ß-Glucosidase 2 C C C C CO CH OP 1.4.1.14 Glutamate synthase (NADH) POCH2 2 4.1.2.13 Dimethylglycine XANTHOSINE-P S 3.2.1.23 ß-Galactosidase OH OH OH 2.7.4.6 2.7.7.7 2.4.2.15 3.5 1.4.1.19 Tryptophan dehydrogenase Stroma OH OH OH H .4.3 (XMP) 3.2.1.26 ß-Fructofuranosidase .7.7 d-GTP d-GDP O 1.4.3.1 d-Aspartate oxidase PHOTO- 2.1.1.5 2.7 DNA 3.2.1.45 PHOTO- D-Ribose-5-P Sedoheptulose-PP 2.7.7 1 6.3.4.1 C N 1.4.3.2 l-Amino-acid oxidase .7 .1 3.2.1.46 SYSTEM II SYSTEM I + 7.4 2.4 HN C P + 2 .1 .2.1 6.3.5.2 CH 3.2.1.48 Sucrose a-glucosidase 1.4.3.4 Amine oxidase (flavin-containing) 2H ATP 2.2.1.1 OOCCH N(CH ) d-ATP .7 H N Chlorophyll 3.6.1.34 2 3 3 .7 d-CTP 2 C C 1.4.3.8 Ethanolamine oxidase Pheophytin 4.1.2.13 .7 N N RP 3.2.2.2 Inosine nucleosidase 1.4.4.2 Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) H Ferredoxin ADP+Pi Betaine 2.7.7.6 2.7.7.6 2.7.4.6 2.7.4.8 3.3.1.1 + P O C H CHOHCHO FOLIC - 2 ATP RNA GTP GDP 3.5.1.1 1.5.1.2 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase O 2e* 3H 1.2.1.8 2.1.2.1 2 -P 1.5.1.3 ACID .7. 1.1 3.5.1.2 2e PQ 2.2.1.1 3-P-Glyceraldehyde 7.6 TTP 2.7 7.4.1 (GMP) 1.5.1.5 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADP+) * H O C H CO CH OP + .4 3.5.1.6 ß-Ureidopropionase T Cyt. 2 2 .1.1 OHCCH N(CH ) C1 .6 1.5.1.6 Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2e* 5.3 2.4.2.14 2 3 3 3.5.1.9 b POOL NH2 1.5.1.7 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, O 3.6.1.3 Dihydroxy- Pi 6.3.4.7 Betaine O O C P 3.5.1.18 Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase Pi .1.20 O 2. O l--forming) .1.1 4.1.2.5 4.2 C 7. TDP C C N CH 3.5.1.22 Pantothenase .3 aldehyde HN CH-CH C 7.6 2 HN C-CH3 1.5.1.8 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, S acetone-P 5 NAD+ 3 C C H .7. HN CH CH Y 3.5.1.23 PQH CH3 HN 3 4.9 OC 2 + (Glycerone-P) CH3 OC CH OC CH 2.1.1.45 N 3.5.2.2 l-lysine-forming) - 2 OC CH OC CH DP Y 2H 2.7.1.28 1.1.99.1 H2NCONHCH2CHCOO N N 1.5.1.9 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, e Thylakoid + H2NCH2CHCOO NH DP DP R 3.5.2.3 Mn + HOCH CH N(CH ) NH 2.4.2.4 3.5.4.12 2.7.4.14 l-glutamate-forming) N Membrane f NADP 2 2 3 3 3-Amino- ß-Ureido Dihydro d-UMP d-CMP d-CDP 3.5.2.5 PC 1.2.1.12 3.5.1.6 3.5.2.2 1.3.1.2 THYMIDINE-P I 3.5.2.7 1.5.1.10 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, + + HOCH CH(OH)CHO CHOLINE O + PC 3H H 2 1.2.1.13 + isobutyrate isobutyrate thymine O NH l-glutamate-forming) T P680 2H T HOCH CH(NH )COO 2 C 2.4 2 M 3.5.2.10 + C + r P700 s + 2 3 . .2 C 2H a n H + Glyceraldehyde 4.2.1.22 1 HN CH2 HN CH .4 3.5.3.1 1.5.1.12 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase n o + H .1 N CH slo rot + H + NADH . 1.17.4.1 1.5.3.1 H 2H O cated p H H + SERINE 13 CH 3.5.3.4 2 + H OC 2 OC CH OC CH I H NADPH+H 2.6.1.51 H NCONHCH CH COO 3.5.3.6 deiminase 1.5.99.1 + + CH2OP 4.1.1.11 2 2 2 NH N H H + H2NCH2CH2COO H NH 1.5.99.2 Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase E H H H O 1.4.1.7 3.5.1.6 Carbamoyl 3.5.2.2 Dihydro- 1.3.1.2 3.5.4.1 CDP D 3.5.4.1 Thylakoid Lumen POCH2CHOHCOOP 1.5.99.8 dehydrogenase O ß-Alanine Uracil Cytosine NH2 3.5.4.3 S 2 POCH C C CO CH OP 2.7.6.1 ß-alanine uracil O 1.6.4.1 Cystine reductase (NADH) + + 2 2 HOCH2COCOO - O O C I 3.5.4.6 AMP deaminase Thylakoid Membrane Mg OPOP 1:3-bis-P-Glycerate 3.1.3.3 OOC O O C N CH 2.7.4.6 1.6.5.3 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) OH OH C C C C HN CH 3.5.4.10 IMP cyclohydrolase I Hydroxy- NH2 CH2 CH HN CH CH OH OH HN 2 HN CH HN OC CH N 3.5.4.12 dCMP deaminase 1.6.6.1 (NADH) OC CH-COO 2.4.2.9 OC CH N Ribulose-1:5-bis-P pyruvate CH-COO C-COO OC C-COO CH N 3.5.4.19 Phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase 1.6.6.2 Nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] S P-Ribosyl-PP + N OC OC N OC N RPPP E Chloroplast Stroma POCH CH(NH )COO H NH NH RP RP RPPP 3.6.1.3 Adenosinetriphosphatase 1.6.6.3 Nitrate reductase (NADPH) Fixation CO ADP 2 3 6.3.4.2 1.6.6.4 [NAD(P)H] 2 Phospho- Carbamoyl Dihydro Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P UDP URIDINE- CYTIDINE- S 3.6.1.15 Nucleoside-triphosphatase 3.5.2.3 4.1.1.23 3.6.1.31 Phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase 1.6.6.8 GMP reductase 2.7.2.3 aspartate orotate 1.3.1.14 2.4.2.10 (UMP) 2.7.4.4 2.7.4.6 triphosphate triphosphate 1.7.3.3 4.1.1.39 serine 3.6.1.34 H+-transporting ATP synthase 1.1.1.29 (UTP) (CTP) 3.7.1.2 Fumarylacetoacetase 1.7.7.1 Ferredoxin—nitrate reductase O2 HO HO 1.7.99.4 Nitrate reductase COO COO 2.6.1.22 3.7.1.3 ATP 2.6.1.52 NH NH 1.8.1.3 dehydrogenase H H H H 2 H H H H 2 H H CONH 3.9.1.1 Phosphoamidase COO N OC N 2 1.8.1.4 Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase + C N H H P O CH C C C C N C POCH C C C C NH C P OCH C C CO CH NH C 1.8.2.1 1.14.99.25 1.13.11.34 P O C H CHOH COO P OCH2COCOO 2 CH 2 CH 2 2 CH LYSASES Linoleate Arachidonate Leukotriene B4 OH 2 1.1.1.95 POCH C C C CH 1.8.3.1 γ-Linolenate OH OH HC C OH OH HC C OH OH HC C 2 4.1.1.1 COO 5 O P-Hydroxy- N N N N N N 1.8.7.1 (ferredoxin) .3 COO 3-P-Glycerate O RP(PP) O RP RP OH OH HN N 4.1.1.3 Oxaloacetate decarboxylase 1. .9 COO C 1.8.99.1 Sulfite reductase 1.3.1.35 14 9. pyruvate 3.6.1.31 3.5.4.19 4.1.1.4 Acetoacetate decarboxylase .9 3 P-Ribosyl-ATP P-Ribosyl-AMP P-Ribosylformimino P-Ribulosylformimino H 1.8.99.2 Adenylsulphate reductase 9 2.4.2.17 Imidazole 4.1.1.9 Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase COSCoA CO-S-ACP .1 HO O 2.7.1.31 5.3.1.16 1.9.3.1 -c oxidase OH 5-aminoimidazole- 5-aminoimidazole- glycerol-P 4.1.1.11 Aspartate 1-decarboxylase L HO OH 5.3.99.5 1.10.2.1 l-Ascorbate—cytochrome-b5 reductase HC C CH2CHCOO 4.1.1.12 Aspartate 4-decarboxylase Oleoyl-CoA Palmitoleoyl-ACP Prostaglandin PGE 2 Thromboxane B2 POCH2CH(OP) C O O + carboxamide-R P carboxamide-R P 1.10.2.2 Ubiquinol—cytochrome-c reductase I HO C H CH(OH) COO N NH NHCOCH CH NH HC C + + + HC C CH COCH OP 4.1.1.15 1.14.99.5 5.4.2.1 2 2 2 2 CH2CH(NH3)COO HC C C HC C CH CH(NH )CH OP 2 2 2, 3-Diphospho- C CH2CH(NH3)CHO HC CH2CH(NH3)CH2OH 2 3 2 4.2.1.19 4.1.1.17 1.10.3.3 l-Ascorbate oxidase N NH P COSCoA CH3(CH2)14CH=CHCOS-CoA CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CH2COS-CoA CH3(CH2)14COCH2COS-CoA Glycerate H Carnosine N NH N NH 4.1.1.20 Diaminopimelate decarboxylase 1.10.99.1 Plastoquinol—plastocyanin reductase glycerate C N NH N NH C 1.13.11.1 Catechol 1,2- Stearoyl-CoA Dehydrostearoyl-CoA OH-Stearoyl-CoA Oxostearoyl-CoA H CH CH CH H 4 1.1.21 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase I CH3COO 4.1.1.22 decarboxylase 1.13.11.2 Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase CH3(CH2)14COCH2COS-CoA HISTIDINE Histidinal Histidinol Histidinol-P Imidazole 1.13.11.5 Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase D Endoplasmic Reticulum 4.1.1.22 1.1.1.23 1.1.1.23 3.1.3.15 2.6.1.9 4.1.1.23 Orotidine-5’-phosphate decarboxylase 1.13.11.6 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase acetol-P 4.1.1.25 CH3(CH2)14COS-ACP CH3(CH2)14COSCoA H O C H 2 CH(OP)COO 4.3.1.3 1.13.11.11 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase HC C CH2CH2NH2 4.1.1.28 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase Chain elongation Mitochondrial OOC CHCH CH COO OC CHCH CH COO CH C CH CHCOO 1.13.11.20 dioxygenase Palmitoyl-ACP Palmitoyl-CoA N NH 2 2 2 2 4.1.1.29 Sulfoalanine decarboxylase 2-P-Glycerate 4.1.1.32 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) 1.13.11.21 ß-Carotene 15,15´-dioxygenase B CH (CH ) CH=CHCOS-CoA CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COSACP CH (CH ) COCH COSACP 1.2.1.4 C HN NH N NH N NH 4.3.1.3 3 2 n 3 2 n 2 3 2 n 2 H CH CH CH 4.1.1.33 Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase 1.13.11.27 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase 1.3.1.9 4.2.1.60 1.1.1.100 HISTAMINE 3.5.2.7 4.2.1.49 1.13.11.34 Arachidonate 5- I 4.1.1.34 Dehydro-l-gulonate decarboxylase ACYL-ACP 2, 3-Enoyl-ACP 4.2.1.61 3-OH-Acyl-ACP 3-Oxoacyl-ACP CH CH OH Formimino Imidazolone Urocanate 1.13.99.1 myo-lnositol 1.3.1.10 2.3.1.41 3 2 glutamate propionate 4.1.1.36 Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase 1.14.11.1 g-Butyrobetaine dioxygenase O 4.1.1.37 Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase 4.2.1.11 2.1.3.2 2. 1.14.11.2 Procollagen-proline dioxygenase CH3(CH2)5CH=CHCH2COSACP 3.1 4.1.1.39 Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase S 4. .30 1.14.11.8 Trimethyllysine dioxygenase CH3(CH2)6CH2CH2COSACP 2.1. CH3(CH2)6CH(OH)CH2COSACP CH3(CH2)6COCH2COSACP + 4.1.1.41 Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase 3, 4-Decenoyl-ACP 60 1.1.1.100 CH CO-OCH CH(NH )COO 1.14.12.1 Anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase 1.1.1.1 2 2 3 2- 4.1.1.43 Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase Y Decanoyl-ACP 1.3.1 3-OH-Decanoyl-ACP 3-Oxo-Decanoyl-ACP - Phosphoadenylyl- Adenylylsulphate 1.2.1.32 (deaminating, decarboxylating) .9 CH3(CH2)6CH=CHCOSACP Acetylserine HS HSO SO 4.1.1.45 Aminocarboxymuconate- .60 1.8.99.1 3 1.8.99.2 2.7.1.25 (APS) 2.7.7.4 4 1.14.13.5 Imidazoleacetate 4- N .2.1 2.3.1.41 COO sulphate semialdehyde decarboxylase 2, 3-Decenoyl-ACP 4 CH2=C(OP ) CH CHO + 1.14.13.9 Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase 3 S-CH CH(NH )COO (PAPS) 4.1.1.48 Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase 2 3 4.2 + 1.14.13.11 trans-Cinnamate 4-monooxygenase T CH (CH ) CH CH COSACP CH (CH ) CH=CHCO-S-ACP CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COSACP CH (CH ) COCH COSACP Acetaldehyde + .9 + CH CH(NH )COO + 4.1.1.49 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1.1.1.100 3 2 2 2 P-enolpyruvate 9. 2 3 CH - 1.14.13.12 Benzoate 4-monooxygenase 1.3.1.9 4.2.1.59 S-CH2CH(NH3)COO 8 HSCH2CH(NH3)COO + + 3 SCH2CH2CH(NH3)COO 4.1.1.50 Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Hexanoyl-ACP 2, 3-Hexenoyl-ACP 3-OH-Hexanoyl-ACP 3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-ACP 4.4.1.1 4.2.1.22 HSCH CH CH(NH )COO 1.14.13.39 Nitric oxide synthase H SCH2CH2CH(NH3)COO 2 2 3 2.1.1.13 4.1.1.65 Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase CH CH=CHCO.S-ACP 2.3.1.41 HS 3 4.1.1.71 2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase 1.14.16.1 Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase E CYSTINE 1.6.4.1 CYSTEINE 2.1.1.14 1.14.16.2 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase 4.2.99.9 4.4.1.8 4.1.2.5 aldolase 1.14.16.4 Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase CH CH=CHCO-S-ACP CH CH(OH)CH COS-ACP CH COCH COSACP .1 4.1.2.12 Ketopantoaldolase S CH3CH2CH2COSACP 3 3 2 3 2 ADP 1.1 1.13.11.20 Adenosyl 1.14.17.1 Dopamine ß-monooxygenase 1.3.1.9 4.2.1.58 1.1.1.100 4. .4.1.15 3.3.1.1 + Adenosyl 2.5.1.6 4.1.2.13 Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Butanoyl-ACP HOOCCH2CO-S-ACP 4 Crotonoyl-ACP 3-OH-Butanoyl-ACP Acetoacetyl-ACP SCH2CH2CH(NH3)COO + 4.1.2.14 2-Dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase 1.14.18.1 Monophenol monooxygenase I CH OH CH OH CH - SCH CH CH(NH )COO R-CH2COO 2 2 Malonyl-ACP 2.7.1.40 + + Glutamate 3 2 2 3 1 14.99.1 Prostaglandin synthase HO SCH CH(NH )COO + 4.1.3.1 Isocitrate HOCH HOCH 1.1.1.8 2 2 3 HO SCH CH(NH )COO S-Adenosyl 1 14.99.5 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase S 2.3.1.41 3 2 3 4.1.3.2 CH (CH ) COS-CoA CH OH CH O P ATP .15 - 1.14.99.7 monooxygenase 3 2 n+2 6.2.1.3 3.1.2.20 2 2 4.4.1 HSO3 Cysteine Cysteate homocysteine 2.1.1.10 4.1.3.4 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase 1.14.99.25 Linoleoyl-CoA desaturase 4.1.3.5 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2.7.1.30 2 4. 6 4.1.1.50 2.3.1.39 .1. HO SCH COCOO 1. .3. CH2SH 2.1.1.20 4.1.3.7 Citrate (si)-synthase 1.17.4.1 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase Glycerol 3-P-Glycerol .7 2 2 sulphinate 1.2 2.2 + ACYL-CoA KETONE BODIES 3 9 OOCCH(NH )CH CH CONHCHCOO 4.1.3.8 ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase 1.18.6.1 Nitrogenase (Cytosol) 2.3 CH CO COO 3-Sulphinyl 3 2 2 .1.15 2.3.1 CH COCH CH CH(OH)CH COO 3 HO SCH CH NH HO SCH CH NH 4.1.3.16 4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase .51 3 3 3 2 + 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 γ-Glutamylcysteine HOOCCH2CO-SCoA 1.4.1.1 pyruvate 1.8.1.3 4.1.3.18 Acetolactate synthase 2.3.1.7 Acetone 3-OH-Butyrate 2.6.1.2 CH3CH(NH3)COO Hypotaurine Glycine 2.1.1.1 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase PYRUVATE CH SH 4.1.3.20 N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase CH O-CO-R Malonyl-Co-A 1.2.4.1 4.1.1.29 2 2.1.1.2 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase 2 CH O-CO-R 2.7.8.5 ALANINE 4.1.2.5 + 6.3 + 4.1.3.21 3.1.1.3 CH2O-CO-R 2 .2. OOCCH(NH )CH CH CONHCHCONHCH COO 2.1.1.3 Thetin—homocysteine S-methyltransferase 4.1.1.4 1.1.1.30 2.3.1.12 4 OOCCH2CH2COO CH2CH2CH(NH3)COO 3 3 2 2 2 4.1.3.22 R’-CO-OCH R’-CO-OCH .1.3 2.1.1.4 Acetylserotonin N-methyltransferase L R’-CO-OCH CH3CO-S-ACP 4.1.1.9 1.8.1.4 .18 4.1.3.27 O-Acyl-carnitine CH O-CO-R" CH COCH COO 4.1.1.12 Succinylhomoserine 2.1.1.5 Betaine—homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 CH OH 3 2 Acetyl-ACP 4.1.99.1 I 2 CH2O P + + Bile Acids 2.1.1.6 Catechol O-methyl transferase Acetoacetate 1.1 CH CH(OH)CH(NH )COO + 4.2.1.2 Fumarate hydratase Triacylglycerol .1. 2.6.1.18 3 3 POCH CH CH(NH )COO HOCH CH CH(NH )COO 2.1.1.10 Homocysteine S-methyltransferase O-Acyl-carnitine Diacyl 27 2 2 3 2 2 3 4.2.1.3 Aconitate hydratase P FAT 2.3.1.20 3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107 Phosphatidate HOCH C(CH ) COCOO 2.1.1.13 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate—homocysteine 3.1.1.28 glycerol 3.1.2.11 CH CH(OH)COO THREONINE O-Phospho- Homoserine 2 3 2 4.2.1.4 Citrate dehydratase 3 4.2.99.2 2.7.1.39 2.3.1.46 4.1.2.12 S-methyl transferase I 2.3.1.38 homoserine HCHO Oxopantoate 4.2.1.9 Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase LACTATE 4 4.2.1.10 3-Dehydroxyquinate dehydratase 2.1.1.14 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate — ATP .1.3 CH CH3 OHCCH2COO .18 3 CH + homocysteine S-methyltransferase D CH3(CH2)nCH2CH2COSCoA CH (CH ) CH=CHCOSCoA CH (CH CH(OH)CH COSCoA CH (CH ) COCH COSCoA 1.1.1.3 3 CHCH(NH )COO 1.1.1.169 4.2.1.11 Phosphopyruvate hydratase () 3 2 n 4.2.1.17 3 n 2 3 2 n 2 COO C (OH)CH(OH)COO 3 2.1.1.17 Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1.3.99.3 1.1.1.35 2.3.1.1 GTP 4. Malonic CHCOCOO 4.2.1.13 l- ACYL-CoA 6 2. 4.2.1.16 CH3 2.1.1.20 Glycine N-methyltransferase 2, 3-Enoyl-CoA 3-OH-Acyl-CoA 3-Oxoacyl-CoA 1. CH3COC(OH)CH3 CH3 CH3 2.6.1.32 4.2.1.16 Threonine dehydratase 52 semi- 1.1.1.86 HOCH C(CH ) CH(OH)COO 2.1.1.28 Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase D (Mitochondria) 4.2.1.9 2 3 2 4.2.1.17 Enoyl-CoA hydratase CH3COSCoA 2-Acetolactate 2-3-Dihydroxy 2-Oxo- VALINE aldehyde 1.4.1.8 4.2.1.18 Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase 2.1.1.45 CH (CH ) CH CH COSCoA CH (CH ) CH=CHCOSCoA CH (CH ) CH(OH)CH COSCoA CH (CH ) COCH COSCoA 1.2.1.18 CH CH COCOO Pantoate E 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2.3.1.16 3 2 isovalerate isovalerate 4.2.1.19 Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase 2.1.1.71 Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine 1.3.99.3 4.2.1.17 1.1.1.35 ACETYL-CoA ß-Alanine N-methyltransferase Hexanoyl-CoA 2, 3-Hexenoyl-CoA 3-OH-Hexanoyl-CoA 3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA Oxobutyrate 3.5.1.22 4.2.1.20 G 9 CH CH 1.2.1.25 6.3.2.1 2.1.2.1 Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase 2.3.1. CH3 3 CH3 3 4.2.1.22 Cystathionine B-synthase 4.2.1.24 Porphobilinogen synthase 2.1.2.2 Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase R HOCH CHCOO HOCH CHCOS-CoA- CH = CCOSCoA CH CHCO-SCoA HO C H C ( C H ) C H ( O H ) C O NHCH CH COO CH CH CH COSCoA CH CH=CHCOSCoA CH CH(OH)CH COSCoA CH COCH COSCoA 2 3.1.2.4 2 4.2.1.17 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 4.2.1.33 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase 2.1.2.3 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole 3 2 2 3 4.2.1.55 3 2 1.1.1.157 3 2 4.1 1.3.99.3 1.3.99.2 .3 3-Hydroxy- 3-Hydroxy- Methyl Isobutyryl-CoA 4.2 1.46 dTDPglucose 4,6-dehydratase carboxamide formyltransferase A Butanoyl-CoA Crotonoyl-CoA 3-OH-Butanoyl-CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA CH .18 PANTOTHENATE 1.3.5 3 4.2.1.47 GDPmannose 4,6-dehydratase 2.1.2.5 Glutamate formiminotransferase 4. 4.1.1.32 .1.31 isobutyrate Isobutyryl-CoA acrylyl-CoA D 4 OHCCHCOO 1.1 2.7.1.33 4.2.1.49 Urocanate hydratase 2.1.2.10 Aminomethyl transferase Odd C Fatty acids 2.6.1.4 2.1.3.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase CH CH CH CH COSCoA CH CH CH=CHCOSCoA CH CH CH(OH)CH COSCoA CH CH COCH COSCoA Methylmalonyl CH3 4.2.1.51 Prephenate dehydratase A 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 1.1.1.35 3 2 2 .1.4 CH + 2.1.3.2 Aspartate carbamoyltransferase 2.6 CH3 3 PO C H C ( C H ) C H ( O H ) C O NHCH CH COO 4.2.1.52 Dihydrodipicolinate synthase Pentanoyl-CoA Pentenoyl-CoA 3-OH-Pentanoyl-CoA 3-Oxopentanoyl-CoA semialdehyde CHCH(NH3)COO 2 3 2 2 2 2.1.3.3 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase COO C(OH)CH(OH)COO CHCOCOO 4.2.1.55 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase T 1.1.1.39 CH CH 4-P-Pantothenate 2.1.4.1 Glycine amidinotransferase CH O-CO-R 3 2 4.2.1.58 Crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase CH O-CO-R 2 CH O-CO-R OHCCOO CH3COC(OH)CH2CH3 CH3CH2 CH3CH2 2.2.1.1 Transketolase I 2 2 4.1.3.5 4.1.3.4 2. 2.6.1.32 Cysteine 4.2.1.59 3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier OH OH R'-CO-OCH 2.7.7.41 3.1 4.2.1.9 6.3.2.5 2.2.1.2 Transaldolase R'-CO-OCH O COO R'-CO-OCH O Glyoxylate .16 2-Aceto-2- 2-Oxo-3-methyl protein] dehydratase O OOCCOCH COO 2:3-Di-OH- COO 2.3.1.1 Amino-acid N- O + CH2COO 4.1.3.8 2 1.1.1.86 4.2.1.60 3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier C H O P O CH CHNH CH O POCMP hydroxy- valerate PO C H C ( C H ) C H ( O H ) C O NHCH CH CO NHCHCH SH 2.3.1.4 Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase CH2O-PO 1.3.99.7 2 2 3 2 1.1.1.79 3-methylvalerate 2 3 2 2 2 2 protein] dehydratase N CH3C(OH)CH2COSCoA OXALOACETATE 2.3.1.5 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase HO OH O- Serine O 1.2.3.5 butyrate 4-P-Pantothenylcysteine 4.2.1.61 3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] O- 2.7.8.8 CH 2.3.1.6 Choline O-acetyltransferase ß-OH-ß-Methyl- 4.2 CH3 CH3 CH 3 1.2.1.25 dehydratase CDP-diacyl HOCH2COO .1.18 3 2.3.1.7 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase OH PHOSPHATIDYL glutaryl-CoA CH COCHCOSCoA CH CH(OH)CHCOSCoA CH CH=CHCOSCoA CH CH CHCOSCoA 4.2.1.75 Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase 2.7.8.11 Inositol Glycolate 1.1.1.37 3 3 3 3 2 4.1.1.36 2.3.1.8 Phosphate acetyltransferase SERINE glycerol 4.1.1.12 4.2.1.80 2-Oxopent-4-enoate hydratase Phosphatidyl CH COO OOCCH(OH)CH COO 2-Methylaceto- 2-Methyl-3- Tiglyl-CoA 2 Methylbutyryl- 2.3.1.9 Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase 1.2.1.21 HOOC-COOH 2 2 1.1.1.35 4.2.1.17 1.3.99.3 4.2.99.2 Threonine synthase CH2O-CO-R P O C H C ( C H ) C H ( O H ) C O NHCH CH CO NHCH CH SH 4.2.99.8 2.3.1.12 Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase inositol CH2O-CO-R CH2O-CO-R’ 1.1.1.34 C(OH)COO acetyl-CoA hydroxy- CoA 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 MALATE 4.2.99.9 O-Succinylhomoserine ()-lyase 2.3.1.15 Glycerol-3-phosphate O- R'-CO-OCH O HCO-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O 2.7.8.5 HOCH CHO 4.1.3.7 2.6.1.1 CH CH COSCoA butyryl-CoA 4-P-Pantetheine O 2 CH COO 4.2.1.2 3 2 4.3.1.1 Aspartate -lyase 2.3.1.16 Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase 4.1.1.65 2 .2 1.4.3.1 2.3.1.20 Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase CH O-CO-R C H O - P O CH CH(OH)CH O-P-OCH CH O - P O CH CHOHCH OH Glycol .3 Propanoyl-CoA 4.3.1.2 Methylaspartate ammonia-lyase P 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 CH COO .1 2.7.7.3 2.3.1.23 Lysolecithin acyltransferase O- O 2 4 + 4.3.1.3 Histidine ammonia-lyase R'-CO-OCH - O- aldehyde CITRATE OOCCH=CHCOO 2.1.3.1 COOH COOH O CH C(OH)CH CHO (CH ) CHCH CH(NH )COO 4.3.1.5 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2.3.1.24 Sphingosine N-acyltransferase H + 3 2 4.1.1.41 6.4.1.3 3 2 2 3 1.4.3.8 ADP-O C H C ( C H ) C H ( O H ) C O NHCH CH CO NHCH CH SH 4.3.2.1 2.3.1.30 Serine O-acetyltransferase CH2O P OCH2CH2NH3 4.2.1.3 FUMARATE (CH3)2CHC(OH)CH2COO (CH3)2CHCHCH(OH)COO (CH3)2CHCH2COCOO 2.6.1.6 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 O + + Mevaldate HOOCCHO 4 5.1.99.1 4.3.2.2 lyase 2.3.1.37 5-Aminolevulinate synthase CPP- OCH CH NH POCH CH NH .3 O- 2 2 3 2 2 3 + .1. 2-Isopropyl- 3-Isopropyl- Oxoleucine LEUCINE Dephospho- 2.3.1.38 [Acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase 2.7.7.14 NH Glyoxylate 1 1.1.1.85 4.4.1.1 Cystathionine g-lyase S 2.7.8.1 2.7.1 HOCH2CH2 3 4.2.1.33 1.4.1.9 2.3.1.39 [Acyl-carrier-protein] CDP-Ethanolamine Ethanolamine-P .82 1.1.1.32 malate malate 2.7.1.24 4.4.1.8 Cystathionine ß-lyase Phosphatidyl 1.3.5.1 CH3 S-malonytransferase CH OH Ethanolamine 4.4.1.15 D-Cysteine desulfhydrase P 2 CHOHCOO CH ethanolamine + OOC-CH-COSCoA 3 CH3 1.2.1.25 4.6.1.1 Adenylate cyclase 2.3.1.41 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase CH2O-CO-R 4.2.1 HOCH O CH COCH CH N(CH ) CHCOO OOCCH 2CH(NH3)COO .18 P-ADP- O C H C ( C H ) C H ( O H ) C O NHCH CH CONHCH CH SH 2.3.1.46 Homoserine O-succinyltransferase H CEPHALIN + 3 2 2 3 3 4.1.3.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA OOCCH 2C = CHCOSCoA CH3C = CHCOSCoA (CH3)2CHCH2COSCoA 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 4.6.1.3 3-Dehydroquinate synthase HOCH O CH CH N(CH ) CH2COO 6.4.1.4 1.3.99.10 2.3.1.50 Serine C-palmitoyltransferase + CH2OPO 2 2 3 Acetylcholine CH COO A 4.6.1.4 Chorismate synthase CH C(OH)CH CH OH 2 OOCCH CH COO 4.2.1.18 3-Methyl- 3-Methyl- Isovaleryl-CoA 2.3.1.51 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase O CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH3)3 O- 3 2 2 2 2 ASPARTATE Coenzyme A 4.99.1.1 Ferrochelatase 2.1.1.17 3.1.1.5 Glycerophosphocholine 3.1 2.7 glutaconyl-CoA crotonyl-CoA M 2.3.1.76 Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase CH OCH=CHR O- .4. Mevalonate .2 L 2 2.1.1.71 Lysolecithin 2 ISOCITRATE SUCCINATE .4 1.1.1.3 2.4.1.1 CH2O-CO-R 3.1.4.4 R'-CO-OCH O 2.3.1.6 I 5.1.3.1 Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase 2.4.1.9 R'-CO-OCH O 3.1.1.32 2.7.1.36 GTP 6.2.1.4 1 + I + 3.1.4.3 .2. P OOCCH CH(NH )COO 5.1.3.2 UDPglucose 4-epimerase 2 4.1.11 Glycogen (starch) synthase CH OPO CH CH N(CH ) + 2.7.4.2 3.1.2.3 1.1 2 3 + 2 2 2 3 3 CH OPOCH CH N(CH ) + + + 1.1.1.41 CO 6 N 2.4.1.13 2 2 2 3 3 2 GDP+Pi Aspartyl-P H H2 OOCCH CH CONH NH 5.1.3.4 l-Ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase P O- O CPP-OCH CH N(CH ) POCH CH N(CH ) HOCH CH N(CH ) - C C 2 2 3 2.4.1.16 - 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 OOCCH 2CH2COSCoA 1. 5.1.3.6 UDPglucuronate 4-epimerase 2.7.7.15 5.1.99.1 2. HC CH2 H2C CH2 OOCCH CH CONH OOCCHCH CH CH CH-COO OOCCH-CH CH CH CHCOO O 2.4.1.17 Glucuranosyltransferase Choline CDP-choline Choline-P CHOLINE 1. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5.1.3.7 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase I 1.3.1.35 LECITHIN 2.7.8.2 2.7.1.32 CH2COO 5-Amino SUCCINYL-CoA 11 + OOCC CH-COO OOCC CH-COO + + 2.4.1.21 .3 (NH ) OOCCOCH CH CH CH-COO NH NH 5.1.3.12 UDPglucuronate 5´-epimerase plasmalogen .7.8 1.4.12 CH C(OH)CH CH OPP levulinate 5.4.99.2 OHCCH2CH 3 COO N N 2 2 2 3 3 2.4.1.22 D 2 3. 3 2 2 4.2.1.52 1.3.1.26 2.6.1.17 3.5.1.18 5 1.3.13 dTDP-4-Dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase + + + + 6.3.5.4 OOCCH CH CHO 2.4.1.23 Sphingosine ß- Serine Diphospho- 2 2 Aspartyl 2, 3-Dihydro- Piperideine- N-Succinyl- N-Succinyl-2, 6 Diamino- A 5.1.3.14 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase NH3 NH3 NH NH 1.2.4.2 2.4.1.29 Cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) S 2.3.1.50 3 3 Succinic Semialdehyde dipicolinate 2, 6-dicarboxylate 2-amino-6-oxo- diaminopimelate pimelate 5.1.99.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase CH (CH ) CH(OH)CHCH OH CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH OH CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH O-Galactose mevalonate - OOCCOCH CH - 4.1.1.71 C 2.4.1.32 Glucomannan 4-ß- CH3(CH2)14COCHCH2OH 3 2 14 2 3 2 12 2 3 2 12 2 2.3.1.37 2 2COO semialdehyde pimelate 5.2.1.2 Maleylacetoacetate 2.4.1.33 OH .7 5.2.1.3 Retinal isomerase Dehydrosphinganin Sphinganin 4-Sphingenin Psychosine + + + + + + + .1.1 I 2.4.1.47 Acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase 1.1.1.102 2-OXOGLUTARATE (H N)(CH ) CH(NH )COO 5 0 5.2.1.7 Retinol isomerase + (CH ) NCH CH(OH)CH COO (CH3)3N(CH2)3CH CH(NH )COO (CH3)3N(CH2)3CH CH(NH )COO 3 2 4 3 1.2 2.4.1.62 Ganglioside galactosyltransferase Acyl-CoA 2.4.1.23 Glycine H NOCCH CH (NH ) COO 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 4.1. D 5.3.1.1 Triose-phosphate isomerase Gangliosides UDP-Sugars 2 2 3 6 6 2.4.1.68 6-a-l- 2.4.1.6 3.5.1.23 Acyl-CoA 4.1.1.33 Carnitine N -Trimethyl- N -Trimethyllysine LYSINE 1.5.1.7 - 10 5.3.1.3 Arabinose isomerase 2 1.14.11.1 1.14.11.8 5.3.1.4 l-Arabinose isomerase 2.4.1.69 Galactoside 2-a-l-fucosyltransferase NHAcyl UDP-Galactose + S O NHCOR 3-OH-lysine 5.3.1.5 2.4.2.1 -nucleoside phosphorylase + NHCOR NADH+H + 2.6.1.19 COO 2.4.2.2 -nucleoside phosphorylase CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O POCH2CH2N(CH3)3 CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH O-Galactose CH R-CH(NH ) COO 5.3.1.6 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase O- CH (CH ) CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH OH 3 2 12 2 2 3 NH CHCH2CH2COO 2.4.2.4 2.7.8.3 3 2 12 2 + + + 5.3.1.8 Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase CH C-CH CH OPP 2- OOCCH CH CH COSCoA OOCCH CH CH COCOO OOCCH CH CH CH(NH )COO OHCCH CH CH CH (NH ) COO CH CH CH CH CH(NH )COO 2.4.2.8 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase SPHINGOMYELIN 3.1.4.12 Ceramide 3.2.1.46 2.4.1.47 Cerebroside 3 2 2 1.3.99.7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 5.3.1.9 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 5.3.1.16 N-(5´-Phospho-d-ribosylformimino)- 2.4.2.9 Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase 1.3.99.7 Glutaryl-CoA 2-Oxoadipate 2-Aminoadipate 2-Aminoadipate Saccharopine 2.4.2.10 Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase Isopentenyl-PP + 2.6.1.- 4.1.1.70 2.6.1.39 1.2.1.31 1.5.1.9 5-amino-1-(5´´-phosphoribosyl)- CH3 NAD (C5) T R-CO-COO OOCCH2CH2CH2NH2 semialdehyde 4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase 2.4.2.11 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase RA Adenosyl 2.4.2.14 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase CH3C = CHCH2OPP I FMN N 2-OXO ACID 4-Aminobutyrate 5.3.3.2 Isopentenyl-diphosphate ³-isomerase I 1.6.5.3 SA 2.4.2.15 Lycopene (C40) Phytoene M (GABA) CH3-SCH2CH2CHNH2 5.3.99.3 Prostaglandin-E synthase Dimethylallyl-PP Fe--S I H2N(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH(CH2)3NH2 + 2.4.2.17 ATP phosphoribosyltransferase S FMNH NA 5.3.99.5 Thromboxane-A synthase (C40) (C5) 2.5.1.1 2 T 2.4.2.18 Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase To Brain - VISION + IO Spermine S-Adenosylmethyl LEGEND 5.4.2.1 Phosphoglycerate - 2H N + 5 2.4.2.19 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase O 2e 1.1 5.4.2.2 CH CH3 + + OOCCH CH CH(NH ) COO 1. thiopropylamine

hv 3 2 2 3 4. 5.4.2.3 Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase 4H 4H M (carboxylating) (C40) 2.5.1.32 2.5.1.29 (Decarboxylated SAM) 2.4.99.1-11 P ß-CAROTENE CH3C= CHCH2 CH2C= CHCH2OPP Degradation 5.4.2.8

+ i

t 2.5.1.22

M 5.4.3.8 Glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase o 2.4.99.7 CH OPP 2H M GLUTAMATE R Metarhodopsin Rhodopsin O 2 Geranyl-PP 2.7.2 + c _ .1 5.4.99.2 Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

2.5.1.1 Dimethylallyltranstransferase i 1 POOCCH CH CH(NH )COO i

CH (C10) t 2 2 3 h 1.13.11.21 CH O t Amino Acids 3 3 o H N(CH ) NH (CH ) NH 2.5.1.6 Methionine adenosyltransferase Geranyl-geranyl-PP II o 2 2 4 2 3 2 5.4.99.5 Chorismate mutase E o - SUCCINATE c NO 3.5.1.2 COO CH O UQ c 3 1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14 Glutamyl-P Biosynthesis Degradation 5.4 99.7 synthase 2.5.1.10 Opsin n (C20) n

3 h 1.3.5.1 Fe--S FAD h 6.3.1.2 Spermidine

O d 2.5.1.16 o 5.5.1.4 myo-Inositol- l-phosphate synthase N Ubiquinone o 1.6.6.1

2.5.1.10 UQH2 r

FUMARATE n n 2.5.1.19 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase Retinoate CHO i 1.7.99.4

(Coenzyme Q) OPP a d

2.5.1.21 O + + d 3.5.1.2 Biosynthesis Degradation l

1.2.1.36 r 1.2.1.41

CH 2H 2H r

i 2.5.1.16 2 I 6.2.1.3 Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA 5.2.1.3 CH OH i 2.5.1.22 a _ 1.7.7.1

2 n I trans-Retinal 11-cis-Retinal CHO Menaquinone a +

l 6.3.1.1 Aspartate—ammonia ligase t 2.5.1.29 l NH +

(C20) Light Phytol e 4

O &

2.5.1.32 Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyl I NO2 1.6.6.4 H NOCCH CH CH (NH ) COO + H NCH CH CH CH NH 6.3.1.2 Glutamate—ammonia ligase n

D 1.1.1.105 r 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.1.1.105 u m OHCCH CH CH(NH )COO Biosynthesis Degradation transferase Retinol esters Plastoquinone n 2 2 3 6.3.1.4 Aspartate—ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)

CH 1.10.2.2 t 1 Putrescine

e . 3 e 2.6.1.- S O III e 8.6 Glutamic 6.3.1.5 NAD+ synthetase

r 1 ATP r

HO Farnesyl-PP Fe-S and - m 1. 6.3.2.1 Pantoate—ß-alannine ligase CH 2.6.1.1 Aspartate 3 2e

M , Co- & Hormones 2.3.1.76 M

CH OH (C15) b semialdehyde 6.3.2.2 Glutamate—cysteine ligase

2.6 1.2 2 CH3 O MITOCHONDRIAL 6.3.4.16 CO2 e

+ r 3.1.1.21 CH OH CH + e N CH COCOO OHCCOO 6.3.2.3 Glutathione synthase

2.6.1.4 2 3 MATRIX a 2 3

m 2H m 5.2.1.7 O 2H 6.3.5.5 CH2 CH2 2.6 1.5 Tyrosine transaminase trans-Retinol 11-cis-Retinol Phylloquinone -Tocopherol n Pentose Phosphate Pathway 6.3.2.5 Phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase

α b Pyruvate Glyoxylate b

2.5.1.21 e 2.6 1.6 Dark 6.3.2.6 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-

r CH CHCOO r

S () () ()

a S 2.6.1.9 Histidinol-phosphate transaminase a succinocarboxamide synthase H2NCOOP 2.6.1.13

Cyt.c n N n 2.6.1.13 Ornithine—oxo-acid transaminase p + 6.3.2.7 UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl-

T + e Dark Reactions e a (NH ) COO 2.6.1.16 Glutamine—fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2H Carbamoyl-P H2NCONHCH2CH2CH2CH 3 Pyrroline-5- d-glutamate—lysine ligase IV 1.9.3.1 c 4.1.3.16 6.3.2.8 UDP-N-acetylmuramate—alanine ligase 2.6.1.17 Succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase E Cu and e carboxylate 2.6.1.18 ß-Alanine—pyruvate transaminase is identified as far as possible by black arrows 6.3.2.9 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine— H2 O OOCCH(OH)CH COCOO 2.6.1.19 4-Aminobutyrate transaminase R Cytochromes 2 d-glutamate ligase Progesterone H + + 2.1.3.3 4.1.1.17 Biosynthesis Degradation 2.6.1.22 l-3-Aminoisobutyrate transaminase H H 2H 2H + 1.5.99.8 4-Hydroxy- 6.3.2.10 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl- O HO HO 3H CH CH 2.6.1.23 4-Hydroxyglutamate transaminase HO HO 1.5.1.2 2 2 Small numbers refer to the IUBMB Commission d-glutamyl-lysine—d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase H 2-oxoglutarate + 6.3.2.13 UDP-N-Acetyl muramoylalanyl-d- 2.6.1.27 H 5.4.99.7 M CH CHCOO I Pi H NCH CH CH CH COO 2 Reference Numbers for Enzymes I (NH )

Pregnenolone Desmosterol Zymosterol Lanosterol Squalene 2 2 2 2 glutamate—2,6-diaminopimelate ligase

2.6.1.32 Valine—3-methyl-2-oxovalerate transaminase T 3

1.14.99.7 O (C30) NH 6.3.3.1 Phosphoribosylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase 2.6.1.36 l-Lysine 6-transaminase D C - T ADP 2.6.1.23 COMPARTMENTATION 2.6.1.39 2-Aminoadipate transaminase COO COO- H + ORNITHINE 6.3.4.5 6.3.4.1 GMP synthase R 3.6.1.34 The "BACKBONE" of metabolism involves , the TCA CYCLE S O PROLINE 6.3.4.2 CTP synthase 2.6.1.42 Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase - N 1H CH CH CH COO A ATP + and OXIDATIVE . It is a major source of energy (ATP) 2 2 2 COO- CH - D 6.3.4.3 Formate—tetrahydrofolate ligase 2.6.1.44 Alanine-glyoxylate transaminase 2 COO R CHLOROPHYLL N 1.14.11.2 OOCCH(OH)CH CH(NH )COO and is the origin and termination of most of the pathways. GLYCOLYSIS CH CH - I H NCONH OOCCHCH COO 2 3 6.3.4.4 Adenylosuccinate synthase 2.6.1.51 Serine—pyruvate transaminase CH 3 H CH CH H CH3 CH CH OOCCH CH COCH NH A 2 2 2 H CH 3 CH 2 - H 2 2 2 2 2 S 2 2 2 2 CH2 OOC 2 2 CH L N occurs in the CYTOPLASM. The TCA CYCLE is in the MITOCHONDRIAL 6.3.4.5 Argininosuccinate synthase 2.6.1.52 Phosphoserine transaminase P C C C 2 I + 4-Hydroxy- C L N 2.1.4.1 UREA HOCH CH H C CH H C CH 5-Amino N 2 MATRIX. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (ATP SYNTHESIS) spans the 6.3.4.7 Ribose-5-phosphate—ammonia ligase 2.6.1.66 Valine—pyruvate transaminase 3 3 H C CH CH O E H NCNHCH CH CH CH(NH3)COO O 3 2 H2C 2 R 2 2 2 2 glutamate MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE. This last part has been redesigned 2.7.1.1 N N N N N N levulinate M H2C CHCOO 6.3.4.13 Phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase H H H H N N C E Glycine 3.5.3.1 3.5.3.6 Arginino- to illustrate the activation of ATP-synthase and formation of ATP - driven by 2.7.1.2 H H COO- MB 3.6.1.3 + N HOCH CH 6.3.4.16 Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) R HC Fe CH H C CH H C CH A RA NH NO H 2 the electromotive translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner 2.7.1.3 Ketohexokinase 2 2 2 2 H2C CH T NE 2 succinate 1.5.1.12 6.3.4.17 Formate—dihydrofolate ligase H H H H 2 - + HC CHCOO 2.7.1.4 N N H H OOC CH E 1.14.13.39 membrane. A similar compartmentation occurs in the chloroplast, where 6.3.5.1 NAD+ synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) P HEMOGLOBIN N N N N N N 2 H2NCNHCH2CH2CH2CH(NH ) COO 2.7.1.6 D 3 N light-driven proton translocation across the inner thylakoid membrane 6.3.5.2 GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) H C CH3 H C CH3 H3C CH3 H C CH CH HYDROXY 2.7.1.7 H 3 3 2 2 H2C 2 P 3-Hydroxy- initiates synthesis of the ATP necessary for Photosynthesis. In both 6.3.5.3 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase C C C - C R 2.7.1.11 6- H COO- 4.2.1.24 ARGININE 6.3.5.4 Asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) CH H2 H OOC H O PROLINE pyrroline- cases flow of electrons and protons is shown in red or blue arrows Y CH2 2 CH2 CH2 CH2 2 CH2 CH2 2 CH2 T 6.3.5.5 Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase H2C N O + CH CH CH CH CH CH CH N 4.3.2.1 5-carboxylate (glutamine-hydrolysing) 2 CH2 2 2 2 2 2 2 H S 1H NH CO R ------Electron Flow Proton Flow 6.4.1.1 COO COO COO COO COO COO COO COO H2N + + + N H + HN C NH2 2 NH2 1.3.3.3 3H N CH 6.4.1.2 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase I 1.3.3.4 4.1.1.37 4.3.1.8 HNCN(CH )CH COO 2 Protoporphyrinogen Coproporphyrinogen Uroporphyrinogen Porphobilinogen H2NCNHCH2COO H2NCN(CH3)CH2COO P- 3 2 1.5.1.2 6.4.1.3 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Pi CH Some other pathways occurring in the mitochondria N 4.99.1.1 4.2.1.75 ADP 2.1.1.2 2.7.3.2 3 6.4.1.4 Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase IX III III Guanidoacetate Creatine P-Creatine are identified by a pale yellow background S ATP 3.5.2.10

Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic Membrane