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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 948–954, Article ID: IJCIET_09_05_104 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=5 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO RAISE THE IRRIGATION STANDARDS FOR IMPROVING CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY USING GEO SPATIAL TECHNOLOGY – A MODEL STUDY M. Satish Kumar Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Pathan Nagul meera, Sayyad Moulali and Shaik Shareef B.Tech Student Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. P. Pavan Kumar, Syed Anwar basha and R Siva Ganesh Goud B.Tech Student Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT In the current world scenario information has become almost instantaneous as the world is moving forward with rapid changes due to the advancement in science and technology. In spite of these relevant changes there are certain basic needs which never change the over exploding population and growing needs are increasing pressure on the available natural resource, apart from these the un-even distribution of rainfall makes the situation more complicated to promote sustainable development. In the developing countries like India there is an immediate need to concentrate on irrigation activities as the supply of food grains to the rapidly increasing population becomes more complicated year by year. At one side the availability of land resources is reducing at rapid speed due to various reasons such as constructing residential colonies, commercial complexes and the transportation activities as part of increasing quality of life, at the other side the burden is increasing to supply food grains for entire population which leads to adoption of synthetic, chemical fertilizers and spoils the irrigation standards when they are being utilized as long term practices, if they allowed to continue as a long term practices there will be a huge down fall in production of food grains as the soil may loss its structure due to excessive usage of unscientific agricultural practices. In this regard we have initiated this study to enhance the irrigation standards by making optimum utilization of available http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 948 [email protected] An Experimental Approach to Raise the Irrigation Standards for Improving Crop Productivity and Environmental Management by Using Geo Spatial Technology – A Model Study ground water resources in a scientific manner to create awareness among the people on the existed quality of groundwater by using satellite images and GIS maps for water quality. Keywords: Irrigation, Food grains, down fall, Satellite images, GIS maps. Cite this Article: M. Satish Kumar, Pathan Nagul meera, Sayyad Moulali, Shaik Shareef, P. Pavan Kumar, Syed Anwar basha and R Siva Ganesh Goud, An Experimental Approach to Raise the Irrigation Standards for Improving Crop Productivity and Environmental Management by Using Geo Spatial Technology – A Model Study International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp. 948–954. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=5 1. INTRODUCTION Water is the most essential element for the existence of life on the earth, in the total volume of water the major portion is existed in the forms of saline water as well as polar ice glaciers which are not useful for the survival of human kind, approximately only 1% of water can be used for drinking, bathing, agriculture and all other domestic activities. On Comparison with surface water the ground water is a precious natural renewable resource for the survival of life on the earth which occupies significant position for improving irrigation practices as well as for supplying fresh drinking water. Even though the ground water is being utilized various purposes the prominent one is for irrigation activities. As the availability of groundwater depends on the geological strata it consists number of minerals and salts like chlorides, magnesium, carbonates, bicarbonates, and sodium etc, as long as they are in the permissible levels they are beneficial for utilization but when the water is being pumped excessively to meet the various requirements for irrigation as well as for other purposes by using various types of pumps there will be a chance of salt water intrusion which increase the concentration of salinity in the soil, on the other corner the external un scientific irrigation practices like using synthetic and chemical fertilizers which consists high amount of salts and minerals increases the alkalinity of soil leads to reduction of soil permeability and the damage of soil structure. To overcome these issues a scientific experimental approach is highly recommendable to create awareness among the people for improving crop productivity and the environmental management. By keeping this in view this study has been initiated to promote sustainable development in and around the study area. 2. DISCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA The study area is existed in Guntur district which consists ten villages comes under capital region of Andhra Pradesh at the bank of Krishna river with coordinates of 16018’N and 80027’E. After the announcement of capital region rapid developmental activities were initiated at study area which consists the villages from thullur mandal of Guntur district namely Venkatapalem, mandadam, Borupalem, Dondapadu, Lingayapalem, Rayapudi, Thulluru,Uddandarayunipalem, Pedaparimi and Velagapudi. This study was initiated as a pilot study to evaluate the existed irrigation standards to promote sustainable development at study area. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 949 [email protected] M. Satish Kumar, PathanNagul meera, Sayyad Moulali, Shaik Shareef, P. Pavan Kumar, Syed Anwar basha and R Siva Ganesh Goud Figure 1 Location map of the study area 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The present study is aimed and developing interventions in the irrigation sector part of capital region of Andhra Pradesh. The specific objectives of study are: 1. To examine and analyze the spatial information related to present practices of irrigation in part of capital region of Andhra Pradesh extracted from satellite remote sensing systems. 2. Preparation of base maps for all the villages in the study area 3. Analysis and correlation of Water quality parameters with IS 11064 standards at study area 4. METHODOLOGY 1. Thematic layers will be prepared by using two seasons’ satellite data, SOI (Survey of India) top sheet, village maps and tentative soil erosion maps. 2. Two seasons’ satellite data of PAN (Panchromatic) and LISS-III (Linear Image Self- Scanner) are geometrically corrected and enhanced, by using principal component method and Cubic Convolution resampling technique both PAN and LISS III data will be merged. Finally after map composition satellite imagery is printed in FCC in 1:50,000 scale. 3. Basic themes like base map, groundwater table map, water quality for irrigation map are prepared 4. Satellite image by visual interpretation techniques are used as reference to update thematic maps. 5. All the prepared maps were subjected for preliminary quality check to incorporate necessary corrections. 6. With reference to field observations all thematic layers were finalized 7. Final quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all the maps prepared. 8. By using digitization technique all the prepared maps were converted into a soft copy 9. Report was prepared withA4 size layout preparation, Editing / composition and Annexure preparation. 10. Preparation of hotlink for all thematic maps with Arc view project file 11. Final deliverables were prepared as a soft copy format for submission. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 950 [email protected] An Experimental Approach to Raise the Irrigation Standards for Improving Crop Productivity and Environmental Management by Using Geo Spatial Technology – A Model Study Figure 2 Flow chart showing step by step procedure of the study 5. ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY FOR IRRIGATION The analysis was done for water parameter with reference to IS 11064 standards which shows significant impact on crop productivity, five water samples are collected randomly at each village of the study area during the month of December, January and February, the final results are obtained from the average values of water samples collected and analyzed during the period of three months, all the water quality tests are conducted by adopting standard analytical procedures whereas for Residual Sodium carbonate (RSC), and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) are determined as follows. 5.1. RESIDUAL SODIUM CARBONATE (RSC) To evaluate the suitability of groundwater for irrigation the concentration of residual sodium carbonate must be determined as it influences the salinity of soil, when it is in excessive concentrations it dominates the concentration of calcium and magnesium levels in the water which reduces soil permeability the concentration of RSC can be determined as follows 5.2. Determination of Residual Sodium Carbonate RSC (meq/L) = (HCO 3 - + CO 3 -2) - (Ca + Mg) 5.3. SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO (SAR) Thee permeability of soil also influence by the concentration of sodium levels in the water as it replaces calcium and magnesium ions
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