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Evaluation of Soil Potentiality for Sustainble Development in Irrigation Practices Using Geospatial Technology

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Evaluation of Soil Potentiality for Sustainble Development in Irrigation Practices Using Geospatial Technology International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2018, pp. 824–830, Article ID: IJCIET_09_03_082 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=3 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EVALUATION OF SOIL POTENTIALITY FOR SUSTAINBLE DEVELOPMENT IN IRRIGATION PRACTICES USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY M. Satish Kumar Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Pathan Nagul Meera, Sayyad Moulali, Shaik Shareef, P. Pavan Kumar, Syed Anwar Basha and R Siva Ganesh Goud B.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Soil is the most essential natural resource for the survival of living beings on the earth but the scarcity of fertile soil is increased year by year to meet the food requirements of the increasing population. With rapid growing population and improving living conditions of the people the pressure on nature resources like soil is increasing at one side and at the other side industrial wastes, sewage, agricultural runoff, various synthetic chemicals that are using to increase the crop yield polluting soil drastically which in turn leads increased burden on availability of food resources. In this prospective a scientific methodology on a productive base is most essential for the proper monitoring and management of soil. The expertise people at ground level are able to be provide accurate information by adopting scientific technologies like remote sensing and GIS by availing SOI topsheets, high resolution satellite data, implementing GIS and collection of GPS points to assess the soil condition for suggesting techniques to improve the soil quality for increasing irrigation standards. Keywords: Soil, Population, Irrigation, Monitoring, GIS, GPS. Cite this Article: M. Satish Kumar, Pathan Nagul Meera, Sayyad Moulali, Shaik Shareef, P. Pavan Kumar, Syed Anwar Basha and R Siva Ganesh Goud, Evaluation of Soil Potentiality for Sustainble Development in Irrigation Practices Using Geospatial Technology, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(3), 2018, pp. 824–830. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=3 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 824 [email protected] M. Satish Kumar, Pathan Nagul Meera, Sayyad Moulali, Shaik Shareef, P. Pavan Kumar, Syed Anwar Basha and R Siva Ganesh Goud 1. INTRODUCTION Soil is a component of lithosphere, and it is a finite natural resource, which is effecting and damaging due to the activities like industrialization, urbanization and varied civic usages, as a result of these issues the burden on irrigation for supply of food, fuel and fodder will be worsen in coming future. The unscientific Irrigation practices may degrade the soil if the irrigation practices are not managed properly as per the condition of the soil and the crop. The greatest challenge of future generation is not only producing food but also preservation of fertile soil on sustainable basis. The capability of producing food is limited and it is influenced by the methods of various irrigation practices in this concern a suitable approach is required before the starting of any irrigation practice. Remote Sensing is an advanced technology which has great potential in mapping and monitoring of irrigation practices with accurate spatial information which can cover large area. By keeping this in view we have initiated this study for developing sustainability in irrigation practices. 2. DISCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA The study area consists ten villages comes under capital region of Andhra Pradesh at the bank of krishna river with coordinates of 16018’N and 80027’E, after the announcement of capital region rapid developmental activities were initiated at study area which consists the villages from thullur mandal of Guntur district namely Venkatapalem, mandadam, Borupalem, Dondapadu, Lingayapalem, Rayapudi, Thulluru, Uddandarayunipalem, Pedaparimi and Velagapudi. to evaluate the potentiality of soil for future irrigation practices we have taken this as pilot study. Figure 1 Location map of the study area 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The present study is aimed and developing interventions in the irrigation sector part of capital region of Andhra Pradesh. The specific objectives of this thesis are: To examine and analyze the spatial information related to present practices of irrigation in part of capital region of Andhra Pradesh extracted from satellite remote sensing systems. Preparation of base maps for all the villages in the study area Determination of SQI (Soil Quality Index) at study area http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 825 [email protected] Evaluation of Soil Potentiality for Sustainble Development in Irrigation Practices Using Geospatial Technology 4. METHODOLOGY Data acquisition and input Attribute Data Satellite Data Field information Field SOI Topsheet information Sample Location Soil Collection Scanning and Digitization Attribute Database Creation Data Analysis & Interpretation GIS Output Results & recommendations Figure 2 Flow chart showing step by step procedure of the study http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 826 [email protected] M. Satish Kumar, Pathan Nagul Meera, Sayyad Moulali, Shaik Shareef, P. Pavan Kumar, Syed Anwar Basha and R Siva Ganesh Goud Thematic layers will be prepared by using two seasons’ satellite data, SOI (Survey of India) topsheet, village maps and tentative soil erosion maps. Two seasons’ satellite data of PAN (Panchromatic) and LISS-III (Linear Image Self Scanner) are geometrically corrected and enhanced, by using principal component method and Cubic Convolution resampling technique both PAN and LISS III data will be merged. Finally after map composition satellite imagery is printed in FCC in 1:50,000 scale. Basic themes like base map, groundwater table map, rainwater harvesting map are prepared Satellite image by visual interpretation techniques are used as reference to update thematic maps. All the prepared maps were subjected for preliminary quality check to incorporate necessary corrections. With reference to field observations all thematic layers were finalized Ground water prospects map is prepared by taking considering of Lithology map, geomorphology map, Final quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all the maps prepared. By using digitization technique all the prepared maps were converted into a soft copy Report was prepared with A4 size layout preparation, Editing / composition and Annexure preparation. Preparation of hotlink for all thematic maps with Arc view project file Final deliverables were prepared as a soft copy format for submission. 5. ASSESSMENT OF SOIL QUALITY INDEX (SQI) The analysis was done for basic parameters of soil which shows significant impact on irrigation practices, by adopting standard analytical procedures. Soil quality index is an informative and accurate method to find out the potentiality of soil capability. In this approach the five parameters like Organic matter (OM). Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Electrical conductivity (EC) and PH have combined to find out the potentiality of soil and it is as follows SQI= (DOM + DP + DK + DEC+ DPH) / 5 DOM = 1 If OM > 2 and 0 other wise DP = 1 If P > 20 and 0 other wise DK = 1 If K > 80 and 0 other wise DEC= 1 If EC < 2 and 0 other wise DPH = 1 If PH > 6.5 and 0 other wise The soil quality index at all the sites are computed based on the the resultant values the scale is given as Very good (> 0.7), Good (>0.6 – 0.7), Average (0.5- 0.6), Poor (< 0.5). http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 827 [email protected] Evaluation of Soil Potentiality for Sustainble Development in Irrigation Practices Using Geospatial Technology Figure 3 Soil quality analysis map at study area Table 1 Soil Quality analysis at study area S.No Village Name BULK MOISTURE Ca2+ Mg2+ ORGANIC pH EC SO 4 Nitrate Phosphorous Potassium DENSITY CONTENT MATTER (P) (K) 1 Venkatapalem 1 1.69 20.4 4.5 2.1 0.51 6.33 0.32 0.25 0.24 22.8 211 2 Venkatapalem 2 1.81 20 3.9 2.07 0.87 6.56 0.38 0.68 0.66 26 218 3 Venkatapalem 3 1.53 20.82 5.6 2.71 0.79 6.18 0.36 0.49 0.53 27.11 203 4 Mandadam 1 1.73 18.6 5.1 1.9 0.6 6.39 0.31 0.37 0.37 26.39 221 5 Mandadam 2 1.89 16.66 4.6 2.1 2.8 6.51 0.43 0.39 0.36 28.17 257 6 Mandadam 3 1.91 18.36 4.8 1.8 2.7 7.31 0.81 0.28 0.31 28.19 214 7 Thullur 1 1.71 17.6 4.6 2.3 0.7 5.98 0.81 0.73 0.61 23.3 204 8 Thullur 2 1.84 16.9 5.3 2.4 0.63 6.31 0.83 0.75 0.53 24.2 208 9 Thullur 1 1.66 15.78 2.16 1.95 0.74 6.12 0.66 0.59 0.47 26.5 241 10 Rayapudi 1 1.67 15.55 3.7 2.65 0.25 7.1 0.71 0.25 0.24 23.6 239 11 Rayapudi 2 1.83 16.9 2.8 2.7 0.47 6.81 0.52 0.35 0.38 23.5 241 12 Rayapudi 3 1.92 18.02 3.9 2.9 0.61 6.57 0.68 0.4 0.38 24.4 256 13 Lingayapalem 1 1.39 17.6 3.2 2.4 0.61 5.89 0.81 0.42 0.38 26.5 218 14 Lingayapalem 2 1.44 18.36 3.4 3.01 0.65 6.21 0.88 0.25 0.27 26.4 271 15 Lingayapalem 3 1.62 19.29 4.7 2.3 0.62 6.25 0.69 0.36 0.31 16.9 256 16 Uddandarayuni Palem 1 1.51 16 4.9 2.6 0.68 6.28 0.45 0.38 0.32 26.6 239 17 Uddandarayuni Palem2 1.63 16.66 3.3 2.9 0.61 5.73 0.69 0.34 0.32 26.5 235 18 Uddandarayuni Palem3 1.82 18.18 5.2 2.7 0.73 5.85 0.73 0.21 0.19 27.1 226 19 Velagapudi 1 1.91 17.5 4.6 2.7 0.74 6.53 0.49 0.34 0.33 27.9 241 20 Velagapudi 2 1.63 17.39 4.8 2.8 0.76 6.93 0.38 0.25 0.21 27.1 228 21 Velagapudi 3 1.65 17.64 5.3 2.3 2.65 6.81 0.28 0.41 0.31 27.5 235 22 Pedaparimi 1 1.71 16.2 5.7 2.3 0.89 6.81 0.67 0.36 0.32 28.1 232 23 Pedaparimi 2 1.87 14.5 4.5 2.6 0.63 6.88 0.71 0.27 0.18 28.8 245 24 Pedaparimi 3 1.93 16 3.4 3.4 0.62 6.95 0.83 0.27 0.16 18.2 226 25 Borupalem 1 1.87 21.2 3.9 3.2 0.82 6.37 0.88 0.43 0.31 18.9 231 26 Borupalem 2 1.75 16.66 4.8 3.8 0.64 6.55 0.79 0.61 0.33 17.8 222 27 Borupalem 3 1.91 17.4 5.3 2.3 0.71 7.03 0.91 0.32 0.32 17.6 218 28 Dondapadu 1 1.96 19.04 3.1 2.9 0.95 6.17 0.67 0.32 0.28 29.1 209 29 Dondapadu 2 1.77 18 3.6 2.5 0.54 6.19 0.81 0.28 0.27 28.4 219 30 Dondapadu 3 1.82 17.3 4.7 2.1 0.41 6.21 0.73 0.23 0.11 28.6 237 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 828 [email protected] M.
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