LOS_DAMA! WP T1 Pilot Action Plan Framework
PILOT ACTION PLAN | SALZBURG
Pilot area: Salzburg City and surrounding communities
LOS_DAMA!
Landscape and Open Space Development in Alpine Metropolitan Areas
Priority 3 – Liveable Alpine Space Project duration: 01.11.2016 – 31.10.2019
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Version Date Author Organisation 2.0 07.07.2017 Guillaume Tournaire GAM 2.1 14.07.2017 Martina van Lierop TUM 2.1.1 14.07.2017 Corinna Jenal EKUT 2.1.2. 14.07.2017 Aurore Meyfroidt UGA 2.2 21.07.2017 Martina van Lierop TUM 2.2.1. 21.07.2017 Aurore Meyfroidt UGA 2.3 26.07.2017 Martina van Lierop TUM 2.3.1 31.07.2017 Christina Stockinger Vienna 4.1 22.11.2017 Guillaume Tournaire GAM 4.2 26.11.2017 Martina van Lierop TUM 5.1 13.12.2017 Guillaume Tournaire GAM 3.1 06.12.2017 Philipp Vesely SIR 5.2 15.02.2018 Philipp Vesely SIR Bernhard Gugg SIR
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Contents
Guidelines for the PAP ...... 5 1.1 Short description of the overall territory and of local pilot(s) ...... 7 1.2 Challenges in regard to landscape issue and green infrastructure planning and implementation .... 7 1.3 General objectives in LOS_DAMA! at the scale of the local territory ...... 7 1.4 Stakeholder process in the project ...... 8 1.5 Strategy and methods to work at local level ...... 8 1.6 Main actions with timeline ...... 9 1.7 Milestones of the project(s) ...... 9 1.1 Introduction to the region ...... 10 1.2 Demography and geography ...... 10 1.2.1 Climate conditions (main urban centre) ...... 12 1.2.2 Urban green infrastructure indicators ...... 13 1.3 Planning system ...... 13 1.3.1 Administrative structure...... 14 1.3.2 Administrative competences concerning planning (related to green infrastructure and landscape) ...... 14 1.3.3 Administrative borders at the scale of FUA ...... 16 1.3.4 Planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level, which determine and/or influence plan- and decision-making in the regional area ...... 16 1.3.5 Local policies implemented on biodiversity, landscape, open/green spaces, and urban-rural relationships...... 19 1.4 Green infrastructure ...... 20 1.4.1 Land use statistics (Corine Land Cover) ...... 20 1.5 Examples of achievements in green space planning, implementation and/or management ...... 21 General information on the local pilot project...... 24 1.1 Objectives/goals ...... 24 1.2 Milestones and deliverables ...... 25 1.3 Funding ...... 26 Detailed description of the local pilot project area ...... 27 2.1 Current green and open spaces...... 27
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2.2 Land use changes ...... 33 2.3 Issues ...... 35 2.4 Current plans, projects and initiatives ...... 35 2.5 Objectives ...... 36 2.6 Need for more information regarding PUGI challenges and objectives ...... 37 Governance: stakeholders, collaboration and participation ...... 38 3.1 Green space planning and implementation responsibilities ...... 38 3.2 Stakeholders analysis ...... 38 3.2.1 Stakeholder detailed presentation ...... 38 3.3 Collaboration ...... 40 3.3.1 Intergovernmental collaboration ...... 40 3.3.2 Governance issues beyond project boundaries ...... 40 3.4 Participation ...... 40 3.5 Stakeholder management ...... 40 3.6 Need for more information regarding stakeholder identification, management or governance and participation...... 41 Consolidation, monitoring and evaluation ...... 42 4.1 Consolidation ...... 42 4.2 Monitoring ...... 42 4.3 Evaluation ...... 42 Bibliography ...... 43
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Guidelines for the PAP PLEASE READ THESE GUIDELINES BEFORE FILLING IN THE PILOT ACTION PLAN!
Before you lays the Pilot Action Plan Framework, which is intended as tool to describe the LOS_DAMA! Pilot projects. For each pilot partner, this document aims to gain more understanding in their pilot project and to support its implementation and monitoring. In addition, the framework aims to give other project partners insight in the pilot projects as well as to transfer knowledge by exchange and discussion.
With 11 different pilot projects in total, the PAP Framework might not fit to all pilot projects perfectly. It is possible you come across questions, which might be irrelevant for your pilot project. In this case, please, write down that this question is irrelevant for your pilot project and give a short explanation. The PAP is also a work in progress, which might mean you will not be able to fill in all information. Not a problem, just make a short note that this information is not available yet. Additional information can be added or updated in the next round.
Your answers can be given in the white boxes below or right of the questions, often with the text: “to be written here”. Sometimes some clearer instructions about what to fill in are given, for instance: “to be written in bullet points”. Boxes in orange do not need to be filled in, as these will be filled in by the WP T1 leader or by the knowledge partners. Texts in yellow are already given texts, which only needs reviewing from the pilot partner.
The PAP is formatted as a table structure, in which you can split or add cells if needed. Yet, keep in mind, that this might change the structure of the whole chapter. Please write the text concise, yet specific. In addition, please indicate the sources (be they academic, grey literature or expert interview) of your input as a footnote.
Before sending the PAP to one of the other partners, we ask you to fill in the table on page 2. There you fill in the version, the date of the last revisions, your name and your affiliation. In this way, it stays clear for all who worked on the PAP.
The PAP Structure The PAP consists of 4 parts. Each part can be read separately, yet together these parts form the PAP: A. LOS_DAMA! local strategy and overall projects B. Factsheet city region C. Poster / map of pilot project D. Local pilot information and implementation
Part A. LOS_DAMA! local strategy and overall projects gives a short overview of the Pilot Action Plan and the (individual) pilot projects in maximum two pages. The information should be formulated in short and clear statements.
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Part B. Factsheet city region is meant to give insight into the context of the pilot project concerning demography, climate, planning system and developments on a larger scale level (regional and national). It does NOT describe the local context of the pilot project. The aim of this part is to provide other project partners understanding in the regional (city) context.
Segments of part B. Factsheet city region will be filled in by either the WP T1 Leader or by the KPs. These segments are indicated with the colour orange.
The parts on planning system regarding “administrative structure” and “administrative competences concerning planning”, indicated in yellow, will be filled in by the KPs from the International Manual of Planning Practice by Ryser and Franchini. The PPs are asked to review the texts and adjust were needed. Please adjust the text according to citation standards. If you are not familiar with these standards or have questions regarding it, please contact one of the KPs.
The organisation diagram aims at gathering the main competencies in terms of green infrastructure planning. The PPs are asked to describe for each topic/theme the main competencies and related tools according to the different levels, and to cite the main related planning legislation (maximum of 2). This diagram thus presents a synoptic view of the role of each administrative level in green infrastructure planning.
Part C. Poster / map of pilot project gives room for the posters made for the Kick-off Meeting in Munich.
Part D. Local pilot information and implementation describes the local pilot projects in five sections. The sections more or less logically follow up on each other. All together these sections aim to provide a cohesive account of the pilot project. In Section 1, the goals, activities and milestones regarding the local pilot project are to be described. A detailed description of the pilot project area will be giving in section 2, while, in section 3, information about stakeholders, collaborations and participation will be gathered. These last two sections form input for section 4 in which, by reflecting on the previous sections, the opportunities, barriers and constraints are extracted and then will be described how these can be dealt with. In section 5, then will be written how the activities and milestones will be managed, consolidated and evaluated.
The PPs are asked to fill in this part to the best of their current knowledge regarding the pilot project, yet in later stages information can be added or adjusted.
Final If you have any questions or remarks, the WP T1 leader and the knowledge partners are more than willing to support you with filling in the PAP. However, what we cannot do is to write the PAP for you.
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A Name Pilot Area | LOS_DAMA! local strategy and overall project (2 pages max.)
1.1 Short description of the overall territory and of local pilot(s)
The project area primarily comprises the surrounding communities which are members of the regional association Salzburg city and surrounding municipalities. The project area is characterised by close economic and spatial integration. Farmers and forestry land as well as residential and commercial areas can be found in this area. There is a high land use pressure due to the increasing population in the peri-urban region.
1.2 Challenges in regard to landscape issue and green infrastructure planning and implementation
• There are no regulative tools, so co-operation between the provinces and municipalities in border regions is voluntary and depends on goodwill of the local stakeholders. In addition the lack of funding sources but also a high percentage of private ownership make it difficult to realise green infrastructure. • The regional planning in the province of Salzburg functions quite well at the local level, but as soon as supra-local themes are to be included, the weakening issues become visible. The development plan of an area is only drawn up on a case-by-case basis in Salzburg (in comparison to Bavaria, for instance). • The province of Salzburg also neglects the supra-local regulations in this respect, and it is too seldom used by politicians. • There is a lack of networking between actors. Some projects are only implemented within the scope of responsibility of the project. • Salzburg city is surrounded by smaller municipalities. As a result of administrative planning competence framework in Austria, often the competitive aspect between them outweighs the cooperative aspect.
1.3 General objectives in LOS_DAMA! at the scale of the local territory
The growth of the city in the following years calls for measures of quantitative and qualitative development of usable green and open spaces: To further close the green belt around Salzburg and be upgraded for people seeking recreation with the inclusion of agricultural activities a green link between two recreation areas will be developed within LOS_DAMA! The pilot will (re)initiate and innovate the ‘open space fund’, an instrument to activate/support Green Infrastructure-projects and enable regional compensation measures. It will support multifunctional/intermunicipal Green Infrastructure and intensively involve stakeholders. Pilot partners will define and prioritize measures for the area covering parts of the city of Salzburg and the greenbelt areas of the surrounding communities including creative solutions for negotiated/voluntary exchange of plots of land on a regional level. With our local pilot we aim at improving informal inter-municipal and cross-sectorial co-operation on city- regional level, involving administrations, politics, sectorial agents and other key actors. We aim at:
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• It offers the opportunity to concentrate on key projects of regional importance (e. g. repair of landscape damage, upgrading of the local recreational function and other regionally effective open space structures). • Cost savings by pooling competence and financing resources in a joint area and action pool. • Division of labour between the city of Salzburg and surrounding municipalities, if there is not sufficient available land in a municipality. • Improvement of the chances of directing compensation requirements of expert planners into the landscape conservation projects of the participating municipalities and the city of Salzburg.
We want to: • reinitiate the open space fund • support the swap of areas and regional compensation measures • identify green infrastructure projects for swap of areas and compensation • find a ranking of projects • elaborate new possibilities to the existing rules for regional area replacement • integrate multifunctional and intercommunal aspects
1.4 Stakeholder process in the project
• Involvement of local and regional stakeholders in different formats including permanent settings like steering group meetings but also one day participatory formats for experts and citizens alike.
1.5 Strategy and methods to work at local level
The local pilot focuses on new ways of cooperation, based on a close contact to different stakeholders to achieve success regarding a common vision on green and open spaces in the peri-urban region, but also to find efficient ways of implementing green planning. Therefore a landscape plan will be outlined to give guidelines and standards for green planning in the north- east of Salzburg by involving stakeholders and citizens. To reach the objectives laid down in the landscape plan, measures will be worked out together with stakeholders and will be merged into a Local Action Plan.
General overview of methodology:
• Gis analysis • Steering group • Consulting • Compensation area Development of project sponsorship • Conference / Information events / Stakeholder meetings • Awareness raising marketing.
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1.6 Main actions with timeline
1.7 Milestones of the project(s)
Project deliverables are not to be confused with LOS_DAMA! deliverables
Deliverables (Project prototypes):
• Compensation area search range • Pilot area for a future cadastre of compensatory areas
Deliverables (Project organization):
• Information event • Conference • Stakeholder process
• Information event • Stakeholder process • Final Conference
Local project milestones:
• General and in-depth GIS analysis finalization • Expert consulting phase finalization • Development of pilot project sponsorship finalization
Other milestones (yet to be dated):
• Landscape plan • Local action plans (for specific local compensation measures)
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B Name pilot area | Factsheet city region Description of the regional (city) context of the pilot project to gain insight in trends, planning system and developments on a larger scale level (regional and national). 1.1 Introduction to the region General description of the region with the most important features (natural characteristics, relief, relation to mountain/alpine space, regional situation, transport network)
The city region of Salzburg is located in the northern part of Salzburg on the transition of the northern Alpine foothills and the western part of the northern „Kalkalpen“. The landscape of the city region is quite diverse. The mountains and hills to Salzburg's south contrast with the rolling plains to the north. The city region is characterised by the well-connected valuable recreation areas and residential areas. The “Untersberg” (1.982m) is one of the alpine peaks is located less than 16 kilometres from the city centre of Salzburg. Ci ty Region Salzburg, administrative entities The population of the city area is growing, (Source: Regionalverband Salzburg, https://www.rvs- especially in suburban areas, which leads salzburg.at/) e.g. to environmental issues, urban sprawl, housing shortage , a lack of building land and high prices of building land. A large share of this region is located in the „Salzachtal“, which is geographical important for the transport situation of the region. Many traffic lines merge radially in the basin of Salzburg, which makes the the city region a relevant transport hub of central europe. Salzburg is located approximately 150 km (93 mi) east of Munich, 281 km (175 mi) northwest of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and 300 km (186 mi) west of Vienna. City Region Salzburg, Corine land use data (Source: SAGIS, https://www.salzburg.gv.at/sagisonline/)
1.2 Demography and geography Main urban centre Salzburg Region City Region Salzburg Country Austria
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Functional Urban Area 1 Urban Core Salzburg Area XXX,XX km² Area XXX,X km² (EEA, (OECD.Stat, 2014) 2017) Population XXXX inh. (Eurostat, Population XXXX inh. 2013) (Eurostat, 2013) Population growth X,X % (YEAR to YEAR) Population growth rate X,X % (YEAR to rate YEAR) Number of households XXXX households Number of households XXXX households (Eurostat, 2014) (Eurostat, 2014) Household growth rate X,X % Household growth rate X,X % Density XX,X inh./km² Density XXX,X inh./km² (EEA, 2017) Built -up area X,X % Built -up area X,X % Public green space per X,X m 2 per inhabitant Public green space per capita X,X m 2 per capita inhabitant Number of XX municipalities
Which trends have occurred during the past 5 -10 years ? (demographic changes, ageing, large influx of tourists or non-resident employees? If available give numbers.
The demographic development in Salzburg was characterised by the increase of concentration of population growth in centres and their surroundings. Those tendencies of polarisation led to a decrease of population in more rural areas of Salzburg. The total population of the city of Salzburg increased from 147.947 inhabitants in 2008 to 152.180 inhabitants in 2016 2. Especially the northern part of Salzburg has increased in population. About 96% of the entire population growth of Salzburg happened in this area. This led to structural problems of the areas of agglomeration, especially of the city of Salzburg. One of those problems was the increase of traffic, which had a noticeable impact on the environment. The impact of those developments led also to processes of suburbanisation and settlement pressure, which was also the result of the chance of the social structure, the increased land use and the use of secondary residences in alpine areas of tourism. The social structure of the city area of Salzburg is characterised by the decrease of the birth rate and the increase of the life expectancy, which led to an aging society 3.
Which trends are expected during the next 5 -10 years? (demographic changes, population growth or reduction, ageing, large influx of tourists or non-resident employees?
The area of the city will grow mainly in the outskirts. Due to the processes of suburbanisation, the further increase of population in the areas around the city of Salzburg is expected. It is predicted, that the city area will grow moderately. This leads to challenges for the communes in the city area. For
1 As defined by the OECD (More Information on www.oecd.org). 2 Statistik Austria (2017): Bevölkerungsstand. Available at: https://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/volkszaehlungen_r egisterzaehlungen_abgestimmte_erwerbsstatistik/bevoelkerungsstand/index.html. Accessed at: December 13 th 2017. 3 SIR (2016): Räumliche Strukturanalyse des Landes Salzburg 2014/15, Available at: https://landversand.salzburg.gv.at/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Landversand/56D9/3A1C/3430/2DAE/A797/4DEB /AE3E/F6FD/Strukturanalyse_Salzburg_2014_15.pdf. Accessed at: December 13 th 2017.
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example the reflected actions in or der to disclosure of building land, zoning and land use planning. As of 2021 the population is expected to slowly decrease. The change of aging structure however will be more noticeable. The aging of the population will increase, due to the high life expectancy, the low birth rates and also “retirement migration” from the EU. Rejuvenation is expected through immigration of young people from foreign countries 4.
1.2.1 Climate conditions (main urban centre) Max. average temperature 18,3 °C (EEA, 2017) Min. average temperature -1,2 °C (EEA, 2017) Precipitation per year 1.100,5 mm (EEA, 2017) Average amount of extreme heat days 15days per year (Salzburg-Freisaal, 1981-2010) [44 days per year (Salzburg-Freisaal, 2015)] Source: ZAMG (over 30 °C) http://www.zamg.ac.at/medien/static/aussendungen/zamg_he isse-tage-2017_stand_20170728.pdf
Please describe the climate in the pilot’s region (mild or c old winters, hot or cool summers, precipitation, snowfall, windy, etc.) and which benefits and disadvantages this climate has.
The city of Salzburg in the Salzburg Basin lies between 420 and 430 m above sea level in the Adriatic Sea. Salzburg has a predominantly Atlantic-maritime climate, characterized by mild winters and warm summers with year-round precipitation. Compared to other Austrian cities, the city's climate is characterised by comparatively mild temperatures, but above all by high rainfall and more frequent strong winds. The mean annual air temperature between 1971 and 2000 is 9.0 °C. The highest measured temperature is 38.6 °C and the lowest measured temperature is -29.0 °C. These temperature values do not apply to thermally disadvantaged areas of the city, such as near the Untersberg, in the mountain shade of the Salzburg city mountains and in Langwied. In winter, Langwied's room is often the coldest part of the city.
The number of days with snow cover averages 60.2 and is decreasing in the long term due to global warming. The average total sum of hours of sunshine is 1701.1 per year, which is significantly lower at the edge of the basin, as well as in the east, south and north of the city mountains. The highest measured temperature is 38.6 °C and the lowest measured temperature is -29.0 °C. These temperature values do not apply to thermally disadvantaged areas of the city, such as near the Untersberg, in the mountain shade of the Salzburg city mountains and in Langwied. In winter, Langwied's room is often the coldest part of the city.
The city of Salzburg has comparatively high rainfall compared to the lowland and overall. They are almost twice as high as in Vienna, the capital of Austria. The number of days with precipitation is also comparatively high at 141.2. Due to the damming effect of the limestone Alps, particularly in the south of the city, precipitation is higher than in the northwest bordering Alpine foothills, but also in most of the inner-Alpine regions of the province of Salzburg. Due to its location on the northern edge of the Alps, foehn frequently occurs. The comparatively high mean temperatures in the city are largely due to this fact. One of the climatic characteristics is the increased tendency to inversion of temperature.
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Please describe the climate change expectations for the region: increase in temperature and precipitation, amount of heat waves, water scarcity etc. Include the sources.
A current study by the Meteorological Institute at the BOKU Vienna shows the development of temperature and vegetation in Salzburg up to the end of the year using a computer model. Conclusion of the forecasts: by 2040 there will be five times more tropical days (over 30°C) than in 1990 and the mean annual temperature will rise above 3°C compared to 1948. And especially in Salzburg, regional differences are large: in Flachgau the temperature rise will be a good 2°C, but in Pinzgau and Pongau it will be well over 3°C. Higher temperatures and drought are also affecting forests.
In the drought summer of 2003, for example, spruce fought with a lack of water and increasing pest infestation. Particularly endangered are unnatural forests such as spruce forests in the lowlands, which are not close to the location. Due to its shallow roots, the spruce cannot penetrate deeper soil layers. Access to vital water remains a priority you thereby refuse. The consequences are drought and increased susceptibility to disease and the occurrence of harmful insects like the bark beetle. 5
1.2.2 Urban green infrastructure indicators 6 Share of green urban areas 50,3 % Class IV Distribution of green urban areas 7 35,5 m/ha Class II Effective green infrastructure (mean) 8 82,5% Class I Mean hotspot 9 11,9 % Class II Green infrastructure type 10 Green outskirts city
1.3 Planning system Territorial government system type 11 Federal states Planning family 12 Central
5 Matulla, C., H. Formayer, P. Haas and H. Kromp-Kolb, 2004: Possible climate trends in Austria in the first half of the 21st century. OeWAW, 56, 1-9. 4 Stadt Salzburg (2007): Räumliches Entwicklungskonzept der Stadt Salzburg REK 2007. URL: https://www.stadt-salzburg.at/REK_GR/REK2007_Textteile_Druckfassung.pdf. Accessed at: December 14 th 2017. 6 EEA (2017): The Interactive Map of Green Infrastructure Indicators. Each indicator is divided in 5 classes, ranging from I to V. URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/sustainability-transitions/urban- environment/urban-green-infrastructure/urban-green-infrastructure-1. Accessed at 10 May 2017. 7 This measure provides a proxy for the equal or non-equal distribution of green urban areas in the city. Increasing the green area and distributing it more evenly is an effective measure in reducing the undesired effects of clustered urban green areas. 8 Indication of the potential distribution of green infrastructure in the peri-urban area; that is, the probability of finding a green infrastructure element in the territory or in the neighbouring area. 9 The hotspot percentage identifies those areas where the influence of green spaces and the impact of artificial elements overlap. 10 The typology of the cities has been based on nine parameters: proportion of green urban areas, degree of soil sealing, distribution of green urban areas, effective green infrastructure (urban hinterland), hotspot ratio (hinterland), terrestrial urban blue areas, low density areas, proportion of urban forest and proportion of Natura 2000 sites. 11 Based on Davies et al. (2015), Tosics (2013) and Tosics and Dukes (2005).
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Regional economic planning: management of regional economy by public interventions into the infrastructure and development.
1.3.1 Administrative structure Please review the summary below of the general features of the planning system and Institutional organisations, and adjust where needed according to citation rules. “Austria is subdivided into 9 states and 2357 municipalities (2013). …As Austria is a federal republic, the responsibility to enact laws, is divided between the federal state and the provinces. In the hierarchy between the states and the municipalities there are the regions, which have hardly been of any importance during the last decades. As EU-structural funds are often based on the structure of NUTS-areas (regional spatial entities), the regions, which basically represent the NUTS III-areas, have improved their relevance during the last years. ” (Tillner, in: Ryser and Franchini, 2015).
1.3.2 Administrative competences concerning planning (related to green infrastructure and landscape) Please review the summary below of the main organisations on a national, regional and local level and their roles, responsibilities and competences, and adjust where needed in accordance to citation rules. “According to the Constitution, legislation and implementation of spatial planning belong to the autonomous responsibilities of the states. The nine states enact their own spatial planning laws and they are responsible for planning at the state and regional levels. As a result there are nine spatial planning laws in Austria, one for each state. They regulate the procedure of the enactment of spatial plans and they set up the goals and the main guidelines of spatial planning policy and regional development. Co- operation between the provinces in border regions is voluntary but customary. Nearly every province has a state-wide spatial planning concept, separate spatial strategies for regions, as well as sectoral development strategies for areas such as transportation, education, shopping centres, sporting facilities, etc. …
The plans provided by the states are only binding for state administration and public administration at the lower levels (regions and municipalities), but usually they have no direct influence on the citizens and businesses. The most important protagonists of spatial planning are the municipalities and cities: they have the autonomous competence of local planning. The municipal council has the right and the duty to enact the local development scheme (Örtliches Entwicklungskonzept) at the scale of 1:10.000, the land use plan or zoning plan (Flächenwidmungsplan) at the scale of 1:5.000 and the local development plan (Bebauungsplan) at the scale of 1:2.500 to 1:1.000. The mayor and the municipal council have the responsibility to control land use.” (Tillner In: Ryser and Franchini, 2015).
Insert here an organisation diagram and include the source in the text below. Organisation diagram concerning the administrative competences regarding planning and planning instruments
12 Based on Davies et al. (2015) and Nadin and Stead (2008).
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1.3.3 Administrative borders at the scale of FUA
Map of the administrative borders within the region with names (Source: www.oerok -atlas.at , ÖROK, use interactive map for names of municipalities in the FUA)
1.3.4 Planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level, which determine and/or influence plan- and decision-making in the region Landscape Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding landscape.
In Austria, nature conservation matters fall within the competence of the federal states. For this reason, the nature conservation offices of the provincial government offices are of particular importance. The departments of the federal states in charge of nature and landscape protection are the highest nature conservation authorities. The staff of the nature conservation departments carries out tasks in the field of nature conservation. Its varied tasks range from expert activities, designation and supervision of protected areas, awarding of subsidies to public relations work.
According to the Land Nature Conservation Act, the district administration authorities are nature conservation authorities of first instance. For example, they are responsible for the nature conservation approval procedure for numerous interventions in nature and landscape. Nature conservation in the province of Salzburg includes landscape protection, biotopes, caves, biodiversity and the preservation of natural habitats. The Salzburg Nature Conservation Act and the ordinances and decisions based on it serve to ensure the sustainable protection of our nature and landscape (Supreme Nature Conservation).
In addition, the state is increasingly taking action within the framework of the private sector administration to protect and care for nature. The collection of nature conservation basics, the preparation of management and landscape management plans, renaturation projects, species conservation projects and awareness raising are just a few examples that make a significant contribution to the preservation or improvement of our livelihood. Many measures could not be implemented
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without the active assistance of landowners. The country therefore concludes contractual agreements with the landowners on the management of its land in accordance with nature conservation requirements (contractual nature conservation).
In the city area there are 41 natural monuments, mostly old trees, which shape the landscape or are culturally significant. The Hellbrunner Allee, built in 1615, is one of the most protected parts of the landscape. It is one of the oldest preserved manorial avenues in Europe and the country's largest collection of waste wood outside the mountain region. It is of particular importance for the protection of wood-dwelling beetles, bats and woodpeckers. The pollarded willows on the Almkanal with almost 500 trees are the only old pollarded willows in the province of Salzburg.
The Itzlinger Au, Kühberg and the Gaisberg nature reserve have long been hardly used forest stands. A well-preserved moor rest is the Samer Mösl in the northeast of the city.
Biodiversity Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding biodiversity and nature conservation.
Biotope mapping is used to record and display important habitat types. It is carried out as a nationwide selective mapping on a plant-sociological basis for municipalities and takes into account Community regulations (living space types according to Annex I of the Habitats Directive) as well as national requirements (e.g. in Salzburg, protected habitats nationwide).
The cadastral scale (1:5,000) is defined as the survey scale. The depiction of surveyed biotope areas (living spaces) is carried out on a parcel of land. Biotope mapping shows the presence of biotope areas, not their protection. This can only be derived from nature conservation regulations. The first mapping of the country ran 1992-2008.
From 1992 to 1994, all valuable natural and semi-natural habitats in the cultural and natural landscape of the municipality of Salzburg were recorded. Due to their outstanding significance for ecology, species protection or landscape aesthetics, 738 biotopes have been placed under protection in accordance with the provisions of the Salzburg Nature Conservation Act 1999. A nationwide revision mapping was started in 2013.
Water Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding water protection and water quality.
Public waters are common property. Water law is regulated nationwide by the Water Law Act 1959 WRG. It is mainly carried out by the district administration authorities (district authorities and magistrates) and by the governor as water law authorities. Unless otherwise provided by the WRG, the district administrative authority is responsible, whereby specific responsibilities are determined by the type and scope of water use.
The Water Law Act distinguishes between public and private waters. Public use, i. e. the use of water free of charge and without authorisation under water law, is regulated differently for public and private waters. The Water Law Act serves to protect water bodies (streams, rivers, lakes and groundwater) in order not to endanger the health of humans and animals, to use groundwater and spring water as drinking water, to conserve fish waters and to avoid impairments of the landscape and other perceptible damage.
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Water owners and property owners can be punished at: • Failure to comply with legally prescribed statutory requirements • introduction of polluted substances (in solid, liquid or gaseous form) into a water body • Measures that have the effect of reducing the risk of damage caused by the insertion or removal of the material. • Percolation of substances into the soil that contaminates groundwater
Agriculture and Forestry Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding agriculture and forestry.
FEDERAL FOREST ACT [federal state law] Forestry and forest management are within the competence of the Federal Government. Everybody is allowed to access and enter forests for recreational purposes, as stated in the Forest Act of 1975. According to the Austrian Forest Act wooded land is counted as forest if it has a minimum area of 1000 m², and a width of at least 10 metres. Furthermore, woody species have to provide a canopy cover of at least 30 per cent. FOREST DEVELOPMENT PLAN (Waldentwicklungsplan – WEP) [regulated in the Federal Forest Act] The WEP is the result of the spatial planning of forests in graphics and texts. It is drawn up in a ten-year cycle and regulated in the Federal Forest Act (Bundesforstgesetz). By applying forward-looking planning, the intention is to safeguard the four effects of the forest (according to the Forest Act) as best as possible: • Benefits: the economically sustainable yield of wood as a raw material • Protective effect: protection against natural hazards and damaging environmental factors as well as preservation of the soil against soil erosion and drift, formation of debris and landslides • Welfare effect: impact on the environment, in particular on balancing the climate and water supply, on cleaning and renewing air and water • Recreational effect: effect of the forest as a recreation zone on visitors to the forest The Forest Development Plan presents the effects of the forest for the entire region and weights their importance. The principal function in each case is primarily the interests of the public.
Mountain Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding mountain preservation and uses. see agriculture and forestry
Others Short summary of relevant planning legislation, policies, instruments and enforcement on national or regional level regarding other aspects of green space (e.g. transport, housing, tourism, sustainability)
As opposed to most other European countries Austria has neither a planning law at the national level nor a national competence of urban or spatial planning. In the early 70s the Austrian Conference on Spatial Planning (www.oerok.gv.at) was established by the office of the federal chancellor. It is an association of states, cities, municipalities and the national level. Main duties of the conference are the coordination of various spatial planning systems and the coordination of the Austrian planning agenda and European planning agenda with its variety of programmes.
A main purpose of ÖROK is to develop and publish the “Austrian Spatial Development Concept” every
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ten years. The current version was published in 2011. The most important protagonists of spatial planning are the municipalities: they have the autonomous competence of local planning. The municipal council has the right and the duty to enact the local development scheme at the scale of 1:10.000, the land use plan / zoning plan at the scale of 1:5.000 and the local development plan at the scale of 1:2.500 to 1:1.000.
Austria has nine spatial planning laws, one for each state. They regulate the procedure of the enactment of spatial plans and they set up the goals and the main guidelines of spatial planning policy and regional development. Co-operation between the provinces in border regions is voluntary but customary. Nearly every province has a state-wide spatial planning concept, separate spatial strategies for regions, as well as sectoral development strategies for areas such as transportation, education, shopping centres and others.
City of Salzburg’s Greenland Declaration Large parts of the city's green space are protected landscape areas, such as the Kapuzinerberg, Mönchsberg and Rainberg. The green space around Hellbrunn and Hellbrunner Allee, the cultivated moor landscape of the Leopoldskroner Moose, the landscape around the Leopoldskroner Weiher and the green space around the salt axes are also landscape conservation areas. In 1985, in response to the progressive destruction of the valuable urban landscapes, the city of Salzburg decided to declare grassland, thus establishing an immovable border between building land and grassland. In a renewal of the 2008 declaration, this was legally enshrined and the duration of the declaration was extended to 30 years. This instrument is intended to curb land use for housing construction and at the same time to promote structural development within the boundaries of settlements through the consolidation and use of undeveloped building land. 13
The Austrian strategy for adaption to climate change As a nationwide framework for the alignment of necessary adaptation measures, the strategy aims to bring together relevant actors, support cooperative action and facilitate the use of synergies through cooperation whenever possible. It seeks to provide recommendations for each of the various areas and to identify linkages for all the actors challenged with implementation. In accordance with the precautionary principle, the strategy attempts to lay a foundation for forward-looking action with regard to future climate change impacts and to foster successful implementation. 14
1.3.5 Local policies implemented on biodiversity, landscape, open/green spaces, and urban- rural relationships. Please describe, for the different fields, the political framework and which local initiatives will be taken in the next 5 years to enhance the local policies.
Biodiversity: • Mapping of the main habitats: selected species and important biotope network structures at local, regional and supraregional level • Analysis: areas of conflict, barriers, deficits in the biotope network • Preparation of biotope network concepts: implementation-oriented packages of measures at the local level (e. g. municipalities) - conservation and improvement of all protected areas, protected habitats, all watercourses (incl. watercourses) - conservation and improvement of all nature
13 Baumann (2016): Freiraumschutz im Salzburger Ballungszentrum – Realität oder Vision?, page 10 14 The federal state Land Salzburg (2015): Masterplan Klima und Energie 2020, URL: https://www.salzburg.gv.at/umweltnaturwasser_/Documents/masterplan_2020_broschuere.pdf
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reserves, protected habitats, and watercourses. The construction of the River Continuum), all the best technical structures such as tunnel control systems, which enable passage of roads for small ground-dwellers, fish access aids for bypassing hydroelectric power stations or green bridges connecting wildlife populations can all be brought to a common denominator: It is a matter of preserving and restoring originally connected habitats • Connecting structures: Creation of new local, regional and supraregional corridors and stepping stone biotopes through suitable habitat elements • Legal anchoring: existing and new biotope interconnected corridors in nature conservation and regional planning (e. g. REK, zoning plans), optimisation of funding instruments for safeguarding and implementing biotope interconnected measures 15
Landscape and open green spaces (see also Section D 1.1.): Determination of ecological priority areas: serve as a long-term safeguard for particularly important and coherent natural spatial structures. Preservation and networking of ecologically and aesthetically valuable habitats in order to improve the regional biotope network. Include ecologically high-quality areas in the recreation area, as far as it is legally possible to protect nature. Maintains the special character of the region's landscape. It is not possible to dedicate building land in ecological priority areas (with exceptions).
Urban-rural relationships (main goals formulated in the Regional plan 2013): • The concentration of settlement development along development axes work with efficient public transport and the selective consolidation of the functions of living, working and care in selected centres along these axes. • To combine or mix residential areas, workplaces, utilities and leisure facilities in order to reduce the need for mobility and to ensure that they are of sufficient size for a good infrastructure and supply. • To strive for the securing of sufficiently large open spaces with high significance for ecological balancing and recreational functions between the development axes and the settlement units. 16
1.4 Green infrastructure 1.4.1 Land use statistics (Corine Land Cover) Land cover Land use percentage (2012) Land use change (1990 - 2012) Arable land X,X % X,X % Artificial, non -agricultural vegetated areas X,X % X,X % Forest X,X % X,X % Heterogeneous agricultural areas X,X % X,X % Industrial, commercial and transport units X,X % X,X % Inland waters X,X % X,X % Inland wetlands X,X % X,X %
15 The federal state Land Salzburg: https://landversand.salzburg.gv.at/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Landversand/53D7/8A70/CD7F/6D5D/F3BF/4DEB /AE3E/7AF3/Ausstellung_Biotopverbund.pdf 16 The federal state Land Salzburg (2013): Regionalprogramm Salzburg Stadt und Umgebungsgemeinden, URL: https://www.salzburg.gv.at/bauenwohnen_/Documents/regionalprogramm_salzburg-stadt_- _webshop_-_unter_5__6_.pdf
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Marine waters X,X % X,X % Maritime wetlands X,X % X,X % Mine, dump and construction sites X,X % X,X % Open spaces with little or no vegetation X,X % X,X % Pastures X,X % X,X % Permanent crops X,X % X,X % Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation X,X % X,X % Urban fabric X,X % X,X %
1.5 Examples of achievements in green space planning, implementation and/or management Please list 2 concrete examples successes and 1 failure within green space planning, implementation and/or management within the pilot project’s region in the last 10 years. Give a short description for each example; define whether it is an action, project or policy; and explain the innovation or novelty of the example and what can be learned from the example. 1 Glan creek reconstruction (action) With the reconstruction of the Glan creek, which started in 2008, the watercourse had been widened. Those actions increased the ecological and recreational effects of the creek. The widening provided different flow velocities due to a meandering stream bed. In addition to that structures and steering elements were installed. This led to an improvement of the living conditions of fish and many other aquatic organisms. Due to good landscape design the most recent reconstruction works in 2016 created ecological benefits and also an attractive biotope for relaxation and recreation. Through the extension of a cycle path and footpath, additional benefits were ensured for all inhabitants of this area.
2 Revitalisation of pond area (action) The revitalisation of the silted up pond area of Leopoldskron brought many ecological benefits. In the last decades this pond area was silted up and overgrown with bushes on the area of 5000 m². 2012 the reduction of the bushes and parts of the sediments started and was completed in 2015. New valuable habitats, for e.g. aquatic organisms and rare amphibian species, were created by the recreation of the pond with a water depth of 30 cm, in which the stock of reed was able to re- establish.
3 Renaturation project “LIFE Salzachauen” (project) 2015 Salzburg’s largest renaturation project “LIFE Salzachauen”, on an area of 1.145 ha, started. The aim of the project is the significant improvement of the qualities of the area, which is one of the most important alluvial forests of Austria. The goals are to improve the qualities of the alluvial forests, the hydrological and morphological dynamics, as well as the creation of more valuable habitats for amphibians, fish and birds. Those will be enabled due to the renaturation of the alluvial forest, the indentation of parts of the area to get it on the same level as the river Salzach to allow natural flooding and groundwater dynamics. Another goal is the installation of visitor facilities to manage and inform visitors The renaturation project will be finalized in 2020. Focus on governance (intergovernmental, participation with non -governmental stakehol ders, institutional and/or operational) involved in examples Please describe how the collaboration and/or participation was organised, and highlight the role of governmental bodies, NGOs and other stakeholders.
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1 Glan creek reconstruction • Experts were consulted • Affected land owners were invited for briefings • All affected players were invited for an on-site inspection • A public information event was held • Citizens were invited for the opening event of the completed reconstruction
2 Revitalisation of pond area • Experts were consulted • Different user groups and requirements, such as recreational use were incorporated
3 Renaturation project “LIFE Salzachauen” • Nature conservation experts were invited for an on-site inspection • Students of the university of Salzburg • A regular newsletter informs interested citizens
Focus on lessons learned Please describe what you learned from your experience in the examples (reasons of success or failure), and which changes the experience brought at the local / regional level. 1 Glan creek reconstruction Relatively new project (especially the most recent construction works 2016); Lessons learned currently in review
2 Revitalisation of pond area Relatively new project; Lessons learned currently in review
3 Renaturation project “LIFE Salzachauen” Relatively new project; Lessons learned currently in review
The benefits of sharing these experiences Please describe why, in your opinion, it is interesting to share this experience with LOS_DAMA! Partners, what added value and what can be learnt from these to improve policies 1 Glan creek Relatively new project (especially the most recent construction works 2016); Experiences currently in review 2 Revitalisation of pond area Relatively new project; Experiences currently in review 3 Renaturation project “LIFE Salzachauen” Relatively new project; Experiences currently in review
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C Vienna | Poster / map of pilot project
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D Salzburg | Local pilot information and implementation Within Part D the focus is on the local pilot project. It describes the local project area, the problems, and the stakeholders. Moreover, it describes how the local pilot project will be managed, the actions and milestones, the monitoring and which lessons are finally learned. Grenoble and Munich fill part D for each of the three pilot projects.
General information on the local pilot project Map of the project area. Short description of the pilot project’s contents and its context. The aim of the pilot project is to develop an instrument that further develops and strengthens the green infrastructure in the city region of Salzburg. To this end, we are working on the conception of a steering platform for the development of an inter-municipal compensation account, which includes financing options for ecological compensation measures and a pool of measures.
Since the planning competence of the municipalities ends at the municipal boundaries, the bundling and coordination of the development of a green infrastructure (as well as compensatory measures) in the regional context is a step in the direction that interventions are implemented quickly, flexibly and above all ecologically meaningfully.
With this new inter-municipal instrument, a larger number of different areas are available for different measures and short-term shortfalls in the individual municipalities for compensatory measures are avoided. In addition, in this way, areas and measures can be networked with each other in a way that makes sense beyond the region in terms of nature conservation and landscape management objectives. 1.1 Objectives/goals Main objective(s) of the pilot project Please describe the main objective(s) regarding the green/open spaces (e.g. the peri-urban green infrastructure or physical environment) and landscape in the pilot project area • The larger natural- and landscape aesthetic environmental and functional connections are to maintain and improve respectively (networked green spaces). For this purpose the larger, closed agrarian areas outside the towns are to be preserved. • The preservation of the typical landscape of the region with its manifold shapes, rich sensory experiences and recreational quality for the population and as a basis to maintain tourism. • The strengthening of cross-regional and cross-border open-space-related planning efforts is taken into account. This is applies in particular to leisure and recreation as well as nature and environmental protection. • Regionally coordinated development of leisure and recreational activities, the backup of local recreation areas and the optimal supply of all larger settlement areas with general public green.
Source: Salzburg City and surrounding communities regional programme 2013, translated by DeepL and corrected manually, URL: https://www.rvs-salzburg.at/regionalprogramm/
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Collaboration within the local pilot project Please describe with whom you will collaborate in the pilot project (e.g. other departments, other governmental bodies or institutions) and describe how and which methods and/or tools will be used.
• Main partner: Salzburg Institute for Spatial Planning and Housing (SIR) • Salzburg City (Salzburg Stadt) • Regional association of Salzburg City and surrounding communities (Regionalverband Salzburg Stadt und Umlandsgemeinden) • Municipal councils, planning departments and district authorities of communities participating in the pilot project: Anif, Anthering, Bergheim, Elixhausen, Elsbethen, Eugendorf, Grödig, Großgmain, Hallwang, Wals-Siezenheim • Federal state Land Salzburg (Land Salzburg) • District authorities (Bezirkshauptmannschaft)
Ï For tools and methods see stakeholder involvement.
Particip ation in the local pilot project Please describe how diverse non-governmental stakeholders (e.g. citizens, inhabitants, private landowners, etc.) will be involved in the pilot project, and describe how and which methods and/or tools will be used. • Yet to be conceptualized.
The intended improvement Please describe what will be the intended improvement on local level by implementing this pilot project.
The general aim of this initiative is to develop an instrument that will further develop and strengthen the Green Infrastructure in the City Region of Salzburg.
• Possibility of concentrating on key projects of regional importance (e. g. repair of landscape damage, upgrading of the local recreational function and other regionally effective open space structures) • Cost savings by pooling competences and financing resources in a common area and action pool • division of labour between the city of Salzburg and surrounding municipalities, if sufficient available land is available in a municipality • Improvement of the chances of directing compensation requirements of expert planners into the landscape conservation projects of the participating municipalities and the city of Salzburg.
1.2 Milestones and deliverables Please explain the main milestones of the local pilot project, and the deliverables you intend to reach at the end of the LOS_DAMA! Project. If possible add a date. Date (jjjj.mm.(dd)) Milestones Deliverables 2018.01. Local pilot project 2018 Kick -off 2018.02. General GIS analysis finalization Results for presentation 2018.02.20 Meeting of pilot partners 2018.07. In -depth GIS analysis finalization Compensation area search range 2018.09. Information Event 2018.10. Conference organization, documentation 2018.11. Stakeholder process 2018.12. Expert consulting phase finalization 2019.04. Compensation area concept with pilot area Pilot area for a future cadastre of finalization compensatory areas
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2019.08. Stakeholder Process 2019.11. Conference organization, documentation Conference 2019.12. Project sponsorship finalization 2019.12. (Database) maintenance and aftercare and beyond Added -value of the local pilot project Please describe what, in your opinion, can be the added value of the pilot project for other LOS_DAMA! partners. This can be a method, a tool, good practice or an experience.
The additional benefits are particularly evident for partners with similar administrative structures and administrative competences concerning planning.
• The experience of inter-municipal cooperation within the local pilot project shows advantages especially in the limitation of one of the basic planning problems in Austria ( = division of competences between federal, state and local authorities)
• The good practice of re-establishing the Open Space Fund (as a measure for extending funding opportunities) in addition to the realisation of a steering platform connecting multiple diverse project partners as well as the initiation of a cross-municipal compensation account
Consolidation and spin -off of th e local pilot project Please explain what the pilot project could offer to local public policies, how the consolidation of the pilot project’s activities and the pilot project’s follow-up will be organised.
Currently a new version of a development plan for the federal state (Land Salzburg) is being processed. The local pilot project and its according knowledge exchange should serve as additional basis for this process.
1.3 Funding Funding of pilot project activities Please describe how (parts of) the pilot project will be funded (e.g. the funding framework (from State, region, EU funds, proper resources…)).
• Funding of coordination and planning effort: European Regional Development Fund (Interreg Alpine Space Program, LOS_DAMA) as well as co-funding by the federal state Land Salzburg.
• Funding of implementation of compensatory measures: Re-activation of the Open Space Fund, (Co-) funding by municipalities, private actors and other bodies/actors involved in the planning and execution of compensatory measures
Need for (further) funding Please describe whether there is a need for (further) funding, for which activities, and how you intend to gain these funding. Further fu nding might be needed for communication material and for further implementation measures beyond the end of the LOS_DAMA project frame.
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Detailed description of the local pilot project area 2.1 Current green and open spaces Landscape characteristics Please describe the landscape characteristics of the pilot area (flat, hilly or mountainous; dry or wet; open or enclosed; monotonous or heterogenic; main vegetation types; historical and cultural elements, etc.).
The city is located directly on the northern edge of the Alps. The Gaisberg with Kühberg, Kapuzinerberg, Mönchsberg and Festungsberg are parts of the limestone foothills of the Alps. Its rugged northern slopes form the northern edge of the Alps, which runs through the city in an east-west direction. The hilly country in the north belongs to the flysch zone and thus to the foothills of the Alps 17
The Leopoldskroner Moos stretches in east-west direction between Glanbach and Almkanal. In the north it is bordered by the edge of the settlement on the Haselbergweg, in the south by the Tauern motorway. The main characteristic of the landscape area is the expanse, characterized by the extensive fat and scattered meadows with deposits of remaining raised bog remnants and secondary bog forests as well as the orthogonal structure of the ditches, on which the system of paths is largely oriented.
The landscape of the inner mountains area includes the Mönchsberg with fortress mountain and Nonnberg to the west of the Salzach and the directly adjacent Rainberg and to the east of the Salzach the Kapuzinerberg. The mountains rise like islands out of the Salzachniederung. Its domes, visible from afar, form the natural backdrop of the old town centre. In addition to the distinctive topography, the main features of this landscape are the historical fortifications and the different appearance of the mountains.
The landscape of the Aigner Park slopes stretches from Parsch via Aigen to Hellbrunner Straße in Glas in the north-south direction. The main characteristic is the softly modelled slope. Meadow areas separated by dense strips of wood produce a band-shaped mosaic of partial spaces. The old villas standing on their own or on the outskirts, parks scattered in the room and Aigen Castle also have a formative effect.
The Outer Mountains to the east of the Salzburg city area range from Liefering to Glas. Characteristic features are the pronounced relief and the alternation of open meadows and pastures with dense forests dominating the landscape. The summit of the Gaisberg is clearly visible as an outstanding vantage point from the panorama of the low mountain landscape. Compared with the landscape areas in the lowlands of the Salzach, the outer mountains have a significantly lower population density. Scattered courtyards and small village- style splinter settlements are characteristic of the area. 18
17 H. Bögel und K. Schmidt: Kleine Geologie der Ostalpen . Verlag Ott, Thun 1976, ISBN 3-7225-6247-3, S. 46 ff. 18 Conradi et. al. (2015): Salzburger stadt_landschaften, Conradi, Braum & Bockhorst Stadtplaner und Architekten, Hanke + Partner Landschaftsarchitekten, S. 67
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19 Ad hoc analysis of landscape characteristics via SAGISonline (Land Salzburg Geographical Information System) 2018, Map 1 • The map shows the approximate area of the pilot project including municipalities Anif, Anthering, Bergheim, Elixhausen, Elsbethen, Eugendorf, Grödig, Großgmain, Hallwang, Wals-Siezenheim • Red lines indicate pilot participating municipalities (+ municipalities not participating in the pilot project) • Dark grey colour shows height shading ranging from 400m (Salzburg City) to 2000m
Biodiversity characteristics Please indicate whether there are nature protection areas in the pilot area. Please specify the habitat/biotope types, occurring rare or endangered key species, and the type of nature protection. A map with the nature protection areas could be very useful.
19 https://www.salzburg.gv.at/sagis
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20
Ad hoc analysis of biodiversity characteristics via SAGISonline (Land Salzburg Geographical Information System) 2018, Map 1 • The map shows the main nature protection areas in the approximate project area • Red lines indicate administrative borders of the municipalties including Anif, Anthering, Bergheim, Elixhausen, Elsbethen, Eugendorf, Grödig, Großgmain, Hallwang, Wals-Siezenheim • Green areas show a variety of nature protection areas (for detailed information see SAGISonline) • Yellow areas indicate Europan protection areas (Natura2000 Areas) within the project area • Pink dots show amphibian routes • Dark cyan areas indicate the habitat corridor network 21 • Light cyan areas show lake protection areas
20 https://www.salzburg.gv.at/sagis 21 For more information see http://www.lebensraumvernetzung.at
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22 Ad hoc analysis of biodiversity characteristics via SAGISonline (Land Salzburg Geographical Information System) 2018, Map 2 • The map shows biotope areas within Salzburg City (Biotope information is not available at the scale of the whole project area) including municipalities Anif, Anthering, Bergheim, Elixhausen, Elsbethen, Eugendorf, Grödig, Großgmain, Hallwang, Wals-Siezenheim • Red areas show biotopes including bogs, marshes, swamps, spring corridors, quarry and gallery forests and other woodland on flowing and stagnant bodies of water 23 • Green areas indicate biotope areas without legal protection
Open/green spaces as part of a larger network Please describe whether and how green spaces in the pilot area are considered as a part of a larger (green) network (e.g. green belt, corridors, habitat network). A map can be included to support the explanation.
22 https://www.salzburg.gv.at/sagis 23 see §24 Salzburger Naturschutzgesetz 1999, URL: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=Landesnormen&Dokumentnummer=LSB40009043
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24 Spatial development concept 2007 - Green belt for the Salzburg conurbation • The map shows the greenbelt within Salzburg City • Neighbouring municipalities of the pilot area (Bergheim, Hallwang, Eugendorf, Wals-Siezenheim, Grödig, Anif, Elsbethen) are being shown in white colour)
24 https://www.salzburg.gv.at/sagis
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Salzburg City and surrounding communities regional programme 2013 Planning map 2 - Spatial specifications for settlement and open space development 25 • The green areas show ecological priority areas in the project area • Areas of the green belt and priority areas for ecology overlap to a large extent • Darker yellow areas show priority areas for recreational purpose • In addition to the first map shown in 2.1., ecological priority areas for the project municipalities in the surrounding area of the city of Salzburg are identified
Land ownership Please describe briefly the land ownership situation, and the related problems and opportunities.
The pilot projects area spans over the entire region of Salzburg city and beyond. Ownership situation, related problems and opportunities can thus only be described from a general perspective. Once fully implemented, the pilot projects swap areas for ecological compensation measures will sooner than later provide concrete ownership situations and according problems and barriers. The establishment of a pool of compensation areas as one of the results of the pilot project will serve as a basis for negotiations regarding land ownership.
In principle, compensation and replacement measures are not possible without the consent of the owner. Forced implementation is legally prohibited. In this respect, the role of landowners in compensation and substitution schemes depends on their willingness to cooperate. Property owners may be affected by
25 https://www.rvs-salzburg.at/regionalprogramm/
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compensatory measures both positively and negatively.
Capitalization (e. g. leasing) of real estate by providing compensation areas can prove to be positive. On the one hand, this can be done in monetary terms by one-off or permanent cash payments or on the other hand by an appreciation of the property through measures in the course of compensation (e. g. revitalisation of derelict land, straightening of land areas). However, the financial incentive is the predominant reason for providing land for compensation. 26
Multifunctionality Please indicate below which functions, services or benefits the pilot area provides. Make an estimated guess or ask a local expert (e.g. environmental manager, ecologist or landscape planner) 27 X Food and fodder crops X Local climate regulation X Recreation X Wild fruits, mushrooms and X Air quality Mental and physical health game X Fish X Carbon sequestration and X Tourism storage X Livestock X Noise control X Aesthetic appreciation X Wood products X Water regulation (Delay or X Sense of place / identification avoidance of floods, droughts and fires, protection for storm surges, and water as a means of transport) X Energy crops X Waste -water treatment X Inspiration for culture, art and design X Natural plant fibres (e.g. linen, X Erosion prevention X Education sisal, hemp) X Other natural materials (e.g. X Pollination X Nature experience flowers, feathers) X Fresh water Biological control X X Natural medicinal resources X Preservation of biodiversity X
Considered ecosystem functions/services Please describe which ecosystem functions/services (see above) will be considered in the pilot project. Potentially all ecosystem functions/services will be considered in the pilot project (see « Multifunctionality ») Valued open/green spaces Please indicate which green and/or open spaces in the pilot area are particularly valued, and why?
Several green- and open spaces are valued and benefit from the pilot project. Due to the overall method of identifying and later using found areas for compensation measures within a larger area and across municipal borders, a special value lies in the networked aspect of green- and open space planning in the pilot area.
2.2 Land use changes Change in quantity of green and/or open spaces
26 From draft of internal national document concerning compensation measures in the context of agriculture. 27 For a more extensive description of the ecosystem services, see http://www.teebweb.org/resources/ecosystem-services/ and https://cices.eu/
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Indicate how the quantity of the green and/or open spaces changed in the pilot area during the last 20 years, and describe the drivers for the land use change.
Green belt in peri-urban region between Salzburg City and neighbouring communities This was done for the protection of Salzburg's urban landscape and is fundamentally important for concerns of the large-scale open space protection. Binding framework for municipalities was the Regional program, which has become more important due to a new version of the Salzburg Planning law ROG 1992.
Therefore, the regional programme "Salzburg City and local communities“of the RVS (in the year 1999 by the Salzburg government binding as a regulation) finally defines a "green belt for the Salzburg conurbation ", which was defined as multifunctional priority area for ecology, recreation and agriculture. This grassland areas were more than 6,600 hectares in total in the common border area of the city Salzburg with the neighbouring communities Anif, Bergheim, Elsbethen, Grödig, Hallwang and Wals-Siezenheim (under Inclusion of a part of the community Grossgmain). In some communities this protection concerned more more than 50 percent of the municipal area, as in the case of the city of Salzburg and the municipality of Anif, in total there is about one third of the association's territory of the RVS included in grassland protection.
The municipalities had to implement the Green belt in their local spatial plans (especially free space program). This last step lasted much longer than the anticipated 18 months in some communities, but has been implemented in all municipalities as of today.28
Change in quality of green and/or open spaces Indicate how the quality of the green and/or open spaces for recreation changed in the pilot area during the last 10 (-20) years.
In addition to the existing nature protection areas and biotopes on different scales the above mentioned greenbelt has added another level of open space protection in the peri-urban region of Salzburg. Areas within the greenbelt are excluded or made difficult to access for intense land-use purposes. Quality for recreational purposes varies. In dense urban contexts (especially within Salzburg City) the greenbelt’s function has less effect on recreation concerning everyday mental and physical wellbeing. In the southern part of Salzburg City and some neighbour-municipalities this effect is higher, due to more directly available parts of the green belt.
Future land use changes Indicate which land use trends/changes are expected in the pilot area within the next 5-10 years, in particular concerning green and/or open spaces.
An update of the 2013 regional programme by the RVS resulted in an extension and clarification of the provisions relating to the green belt: the application of derogation in favour of measures in the public interest of a municipality had led in several cases to (small-scale) reductions in the area of the green belt. Now, special compensatory measures (area-related or in the form of an ecologically high-quality compensation payment) have been anchored as a prerequisite for such a case. In this way, the area balance of the green belt is to be maintained and the sustainability requirement for open space protection is to be better taken into account.
On the other hand, a functional improvement and a supraregional expansion of the green belt are called for. Essential statements on this can be found in the cross-border "Master Plan Cooperative Spatial Concept for the Core Region of Salzburg" (closed by the Salzburg Provincial Government, the District Council of the
28 Baumann (2016): Freiraumschutz im Salzburger Ballungszentrum – Realität oder Vision?, page 10
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Berchtesgadener Land District and the District Committee of the District of Traunstein 2011 -2013) in a special package of proposals for measures in the field of landscape and open space. There, for example, it is stated that the green belt should be closed to a "full circle in the inner ring" between Bergheim and Saaldorf- Surheim on the Bavarian side, and that it should be supplemented by a supraregional "outer ring" in the full circle. In particular, the creation of a "Landscape Seam Saalach- and Salzachauen" is formulated as a connecting cross-border element. 29
2.3 Issues In terms of project implementation, specify which of the following issues are present in the pilot area, and describe the issue in more detail. Biodiversity / nature conservation Areas for compensation measures should be strategically and spatially coordinated with locally protected an unprotected areas for nature and biodiversity (also see 1.3.4 / 1.3.5) Open spaces High land -use pressure especially in dense urban areas (also see 2.1 / 2.2) Landscape identity see 2.1 / 2.2 Urban -rural interlinkages see 1.3.5 Mountain/alpine Health / environmental Urbanisation and infrastructure Urban and peri -urban areas are especially qualified for measures of green infrastructure. Assessment methods and tools Please indicate which methods and tools are used to assess the green and/or open spaces of the pilot project area and its related issues.
• General GIS analysis until 2018.03. • In-Depth GIS analysis until 2018.08. (with Compensation Area Search Frame as deliverable) • Expert consulting until 01.2019. • Further participatory approaches (yet to be conceptualized)
Need for assessment of open/green space OPTIONAL Is there a need for more assessment of the open and green spaces in the pilot area? Please specify what needs further assessment. Need for information on assessment methods and/or tools OPTIONAL Please specify whether there is a need for more information on different methods, tools or techniques to assess the green and/or open spaces in the pilot area? 2.4 Current plans, projects and initiatives Most relevant planning documents Mention the three most important (strategical) planning documents (on regional or local scale) for the local pilot area. Please also provide a copy or digital version of the planning documents. Title Year Author or inst itution 1 Salzburger 2003 (new The federal state Land https://www.salzburg.gv.at/bauenw Landesentwicklungs Version Salzburg ohnen_/Documents/lep2003-2.pdf programm currently in development) 2 Regionalprogramm 2013 Regional Association https://www.rvs -
29 Baumann (2016): Freiraumschutz im Salzburger Ballungszentrum – Realität oder Vision?, page 10
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Salzburg Stadt und Salzburg City and salzburg.at/regionalprogramm/ Umgebungsgemeind neighbouring en municipalities 3 REK 2007 2007 Municipality Salzburg https://www.stadt - City salzburg.at/internet/wirtschaft_umw elt/stadtplanung/rek_2007_raumord nung/text_und_planteil_des_rek_20 07_283373.htm 4 Greenland 2008 Municipality Salzburg https://www.stadt - declaration City salzburg.at/internet/wirtschaft_umw elt/stadtplanung/rek_2007_raumord nung/deklaration_geschuetzes_grue nland_342597.htm Current and planned activities in the pilot project area Please indicate whether specific (planning, implementation or management) projects or initiatives concerning green and/or open spaces currently exist in the pilot area or are planned.
Because of the current scale of the local pilot procect (Salzburg City and neighboring communities), there are many ongoing and planned activities in the area. Once the project reaches further deliverables and milestones (such as defining an specific area for a potential compensation swap) are reached other activieties (in terms of planning, implementation and management) will be identified an linked to ours . Linking pilot project with ongoing activities Please indicate whether there are, in your opinion, possibilities to link the pilot project with ongoing or planned projects in the pilot project area. see “Current and planned activities in the pilot project area” 2.5 Objectives Major objectives for the pilot project area Indicate below which three challenges related to green spaces are the most relevant for the local pilot project and with which activities and measures will these three challenges be addressed? Objectives Activities and measures X Promoting health, hum an well -being, By activating peri -urban areas for compensation measures, and quality of life goals of the EU green infrastructure framework can be met : • By fostering a better quality of life and human well- being, for instance by providing a high quality environment in which to live and work Climate change adaptation and
resilience X Enhancing biodiversity and nature • By reconnecting isolated nature areas and experience increasing the mobility of wildlife across the wider landscape Promoting social cohesion, social inclusion and accessibility Promoting green, local and sustainable economy and resource efficiency Landscape identity and cultural diversity X Rural -urban cohesion • Encourage a smarter, more integrated approach to development which ensures that Europe‘s limited space
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is utilised in as efficient and coherent a way as possible. 30
Dealing with issues Please specify to what extent the pilot project will deal/solve with the issues indicated in 2.3. see 2.1. “Multifunctionality”
Synergies between objectives Please indicate whether there are synergies between the different objectives of the pilot project.
Because of the current scale of the local pilot procect (Salzburg City and neighboring communities), there are many synergies. Once the project reaches further deliverables and milestones (such as defining an specific area for a potential compensation swap) are reached synergies (in terms of planning, implementation and management) will be identified an linked to ours.
Conflicts between objectives Please indicate whether there are conflicts between the different objectives of the pilot project. see “Synergies between objectives”
2.6 Need for more information regarding PUGI challenges and objectives Need for information on how to identifying challenges for peri -urban green infrastructure OPTIONAL Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on identifying challenges be helpful for the pilot project? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulty you encounter or which information you might need.
Need for information on dealing with challenges and objectives for peri -urban green OPTIONAL infrastructure Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on which activities and measures can help to deal with the pilot project’s challenges or objectives for peri-urban green infrastructure be helpful? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulty you encounter or which information you might need.
30 European Comission (2013): Building a green infrastructure for Europe, URL: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/green_infrastructure_broc.pdf
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Governance: stakeholders, collaboration and participation 3.1 Green space planning and implementation responsibilities Responsible department Please describe which department(s) in the regional and/or city (municipal) administration (will) deal with the green space planning and implementation in the pilot project and to which political decision-making body does the topic belong. A variety of sub -departments of below mentioned institutions. Yet to be determined precisely
Relevant administrative institutions Please describe which administrative institutions (organisations, in particular (semi-)public authorities and/or governmental agencies) are relevant for the pilot project (by involvement or activities in the local pilot area).
• Main partner: Salzburg Institute for Spatial Planning and Housing (SIR) • Salzburg City (Salzburg Stadt); also observing LOS_DAMA! • Regional association of Salzburg City and surrounding communities (Regionalverband Salzburg Stadt und Umlandsgemeinden); also observing LOS_DAMA! • Municipal councils, planning departments and district authorities of communities participating in the pilot project: Anif, Anthering, Bergheim, Elixhausen, Elsbethen, Eugendorf, Grödig, Großgmain, Hallwang, Wals-Siezenheim • Federal state Land Salzburg (Land Salzburg) Intergovernmental cooperat ion Please describe with which departments (disciplines) or administrative bodies the responsible department (should) cooperate to make the pilot project a success, how this cooperation in your experience works, and which factors hinder or contribute to the cooperation. The experience of inter -municipal cooperation within the local pilot project shows advantages especially in the limitation of one of the basic planning problems in Austria ( = division of competences between federal, state and local authorities) 3.2 Stakeholders analysis 3.2.1 Stakeholder detailed presentation Please indicate in the table on the next page which stakeholders will be or need to be included in green space planning/implementation/management in the local pilot project. Please specify in addition the form of organization (examples are given, delete what is not relevant), the role of the stakeholder in the pilot project, and the interest of the stakeholder in the pilot project area. Main stakeholders Highlight the 3 main important stakeholders in the stakeholder analysis table on the next page.
Power -interest matrix / Assessment of power level vs. interest OPTIONAL PM Description of the relevance of the power-interest matrix. ONLINE The power-interest analysis is made available on Basecamp (or Mydrive) with a full description on how to use it.
Conflict and cooperation analysis OPTIONAL PM Description of the relevance of the conflict and cooperation analysis ONLINE The conflict and cooperation analysis is made available on Basecamp (or Mydrive) with a full description on how to use it.
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3.2.1 Stakeholders analysis Highlight the three most important stakeholders. Name of stakeholder Form of organization Role within the pilot project Background and/or interest in the pilot project area Difficulties/constraints with the stakeholder Salzburg Institute for Planning and research office Main partner; Local organization of pilot project, Interdisciplinary team with different academic backgrounds Spatial Planning and Communication Housing (SIR) Salzburg City Municipal units within the Yet to be conceptualized Largest community and most elaborated spatial planning body administrative body within the project area Regional association of Union of participating Communication (especially with administrative Longstanding political union with strong ties to its member Salzburg City and municipalities bodies within participating municipalities) communities surrounding communities Participati ng municipalities Municipal councils Yet to be conceptualized Given interest if a potential compensation area is found within Potential divergence of interests / different local the communities boundary spatial development focuses than pilot project Planning departments or Yet to be conceptualized Given interest if a potential compensation area is found within Potential divergence of interests / different local related offices the communities boundary spatial development focuses than pilot project District authorities Yet to be conceptualized Given interest if a potential compensation area is found within Potential divergence of interests / different local the communities boundary spatial development focuses than pilot project
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3.3 Collaboration 3.3.1 Intergovernmental collaboration Importance of intergovernmental collaboration Please describe whether intergovernmental collaboration is important for the pilot activity or not, and why. To what extent is it an opportunity/risk for the project? Which stakeholders could enable better intergovernmental collaboration?
The experience of inter-municipal cooperation within the local pilot project shows advantages especially in the limitation of one of the basic planning problems in Austria (= division of competences between federal, state and local authorities).
3.3.2 Governance issues beyond project boundaries Including territories outside pilot project area Describe to what extent the pilot project will include territories beyond the project area’s boundaries, and which challenges and opportunities this brings.
The project area is defined by the members of the Regional Association Salzburg City and neighbouring communities. Plans to include other municipalities have been abandoned.
Key stakeholders from territories beyond the project area Identify key stakeholders within the above identified territories and describe what their added value to the pilot project could be (including influence they may have to local stakeholders system). Stakeholder Added value and influence to pilot Federal state Land Expert knowledge; Regulatory and legal framework Salzburg 3.4 Participation Participation of non -governmental stakeholders Please describe how users/inhabitants/other non-governmental actors will be involved in the pilot project, and with which pilot activities or in which pilot process part (e.g. design, planning, implementation, maintenance). Improvement of non -governmental stakeholder inclusion Please describe factors enabling better inclusion of users/inhabitants/ other non-governmental actors in the pilot project and the pilot activities. Obstacles to non -governm ental stakeholder participation Please describe the major factors hindering participation of users/inhabitants/other non-governmental actors in the pilot project or pilot activities. Lack of resources to establish broad participatory effort to accompany p ilot project.
Methods and tools for non -governmental stakeholder engagement Please describe which methods/tools will be used in the pilot project to engage users/inhabitants/other non- governmental actors to participate in the pilot project or pilot activities? 3.5 Stakeholder management The leverage effect of LOS_DAMA! Please describe into what extent the LOS_DAMA! project could act as a leverage effect to bring stakeholders closer together or could help with dealing with conflicts between stakeholders,
Knowledge exchange and trans-national cooperation is already bringing together local stakeholders.
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The role of experts Please describe who will be the experts and which role they have.
• In-house experts (Main project partner, federal state Land Salzburg, City of Salzburg, Regional Association etc.) • External experts (yet to be determined)
Knowledge transfer Please describe how knowledge, expertise, and experience will be exchanged between different stakeholders. Via steering group / main partner (SIR) and in different formats of stakeholder -involvement Stakeholder management Please indicate how the relevant stakeholders with their specific interests and roles will be managed.
Regular stakeholder meetings and additional participatory elements. Two of the key stakeholders (SIR and Regional Association of Salzburg City and its neighbouring communities) are situated in the same building. Thus communication of their interests and roles can be also managed informally on a regular basis.
Meetings now held half a year are planned to take place every months starting with the meeting on 20 th of February 2018.
Stakeholder management methods and tools Please indicate which methods/tools will be used to bring different stakeholders together? Identify potential win-win potentials (social, economic, urban issues) of this governance format.
• Project meetings and presentations • Participatory formats bringing together different stakeholder groups (yet to be conceptualized)
3.6 Need for more information regarding stakeholder identification, management or governance and participation. Need for information on how to identifying and/or managing stakeholders OPTIONAL Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on identifying and managing stakeholders be helpful for the pilot project? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulties you encounter or which information you might need. Need for information on improving governmental collaboration OPTIONAL Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on how to improve governmental collaboration be helpful for the pilot project? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulty you encounter or which information you might need. Need for i nformation on how to improve stakeholder involvement OPTIONAL Would more information (e.g. methods, tools) on how to improve stakeholder involvement in project activities be helpful for the pilot project? If yes, please try to describe as specific as possible the difficulty you encounter or which information you might need.
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Consolidation, monitoring and evaluation 4.1 Consolidation Follow -up of the pilot project Please describe what will happen with the pilot project, after it is completed? What ‘follow up’ work is planned, how will it be managed and what will be the long term economic value of it for the pilot area?
Because the local pilot project is part of a larger effort to establish more intercommunal cooperation concerning landscape and planning issues, the results of the local pilot should help the case after its finalization. Especially mentioned deliverables in the local project plan can – if maintained and cared about – serve as a framework for spin-off projects (mainly concrete compensations swaps, measures etc.)
Consolidation in policies and instruments Please describe whether and how the pilot project will be incorporated into (formal and/or informal) policies and/or instruments?
Currently a new version of a development plan for the federal state (Land Salzburg) is being processed. The local pilot project and its according knowledge exchange should serve as additional basis for this process.
4.2 Monitoring Please indicate whether the pilot project will be monitored. Yes If yes, please describe what will be monitored and how. If no, please describe why not.
The main project partner is of the opinion that proof of fulfilment of the project steps is required. Project partners are to be supervised by qualified specialist staff, through the provision of subsidies to monitoring and subsequent control of the measures carried out.
If yes, please indicate criteria to monitor the success of your activities 4.3 Evaluation Please indicate whether the pilot project will be evaluated. Yes If yes, please describe what will be evaluated and how. If no, please describe why not.
Landscape and natural measures are those measures which, due to their ecological dynamics, are the most difficult to measure and forecast. This makes it all the more important to set up a system that increases their chances of success. The purpose of is to establish a control system to ensure that ultimately the projected impact targets of the measures that have been introduced/imposed and their actual impact are consistent.
If yes, please indicate criteria to evaluate the success of your activities
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Bibliography EEA (24 March 2017). Interactive Map of Green Infrastructure Indicators . European Environment Agency. Available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/sustainability-transitions/urban-environment/urban-green- infrastructure/urban-green-infrastructure-1. Accessed at 10 May 2017.
Tillner, Silja. (2015) In: Ryser, Judith and Franchini, Teresa (2015). The International Manual of Planning Practice . The Hague: ISOCARP.
Eurostat (n.d.). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/data/database. Accessed at 21 July 2017.
OECD.Stat (2017). Available at: http://stats.oecd.org. Accessed at 21 July 2017. van Weperen, E.A practical method for selecting stakeholders in local landscape planning for ecosystem services, Wageningen University. Wageningen. http://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/d/4/0/17e6e6b7-0ba0- 4447-ba5b-9078c9368106_Weperen,%20Eefke%20van%20Thesis%20LUP80436_201303.pdf. Accessed 20.03.2017.
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