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E Book Artin Travel Why do I need to travel to Iran? In a world saturated with so much negative propaganda against Iran, why should Iran make it to your travel list? We say why not?! Let’s look at the matter through Artin Travel Group’s perspectives: - With a history of 4700 years, the journey of Iran has gone through marvelous chapters of bravery, friendship, betrayal, war, destruction, revolution and resurrection. - This deep history has won Iran a rich and multidimensional culture. Arts, architecture, music and literature perfectly reect the identity and history of the people living on this piece of land. - Geographical diversity is only one of the gains of 1,648,195 square kilometers of land. Even though the country enjoys four seasons across the year, thanks to Iran’s location, sometimes you can enjoy three seasons at once. That is to say, in the winter, while people spend the weekend skiing in the north of Iran, in the center people enjoy hiking and camping in the desert, while some others go swimming in the Persian Gulf in the south of Iran. - Iran is one of the most aordable destinations for travelers. - Iranian cuisine speaks to dierent tastes and captures many hearts. Iranian dishes are a mix of rich nutrients, spices and colors that are impossible to resist. - Still wondering? Go through our Iran travel guide and collect all reasons you may need to see Iran. 1 What should I know about Iran? Asia Area and provinces: Iran spans over an area of 1,648,195 square kilometers in western Asia. -
Azerbaijan's Cooperation with Israel Goes Beyond Iran Tensions by Brenda Shaffer
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 2067 Azerbaijan's Cooperation with Israel Goes Beyond Iran Tensions by Brenda Shaffer Apr 16, 2013 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Brenda Shaffer Brenda Shaffer is an adjunct professor at the Center for Eurasian, Russian, and East European Studies at Georgetown University and a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council's Global Energy Center. Brief Analysis Azerbaijan has ample, independent strategic reasons for its cooperation with Israel and poor relations with Tehran, notwithstanding the recent spike in Iranian tensions. n recent years, Israel and Azerbaijan have intensified their security cooperation and military trade. At the same I time, tensions between Azerbaijan and Iran have increased. Yet these two developments have been largely independent of each other, despite Tehran's efforts to promote misconceptions to the contrary. ISRAELI-AZERBAIJANI RELATIONS I srael recognized Azerbaijan's independence in 1991 and opened an embassy there in 1993. Since then, several Israeli delegations have visited the country: in 1997, Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu met with then-president Heydar Aliyev; in 2009, three Israeli ministers and fifty businessmen joined President Shimon Peres to visit current president Ilham Aliyev, with whom Peres is close; and former foreign minister Avigdor Liberman visited in February 2010 and April 2012. Baku has not reciprocated by opening an embassy in Israel, citing fears that Muslim-majority states in the UN would vote unfavorably on its conflict with Armenia over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. Yet several Azerbaijani officials have visited Israel, including Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources Huseyn Bagirov (December 2002 and November 2006), Minister of Communications and Information Technologies Ali Abbasov (November 2003), Minister of Emergency Situations Kemaleddin Heydarov (March 2007), and Transportation Minister Ziya Mammadov (June 2007). -
Azerbaijan Goes to the Polls | the Washington Institute
MENU Policy Analysis / PolicyWatch 792 Azerbaijan Goes to the Polls by Brenda Shaffer Oct 14, 2003 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Brenda Shaffer Brenda Shaffer is an adjunct professor at the Center for Eurasian, Russian, and East European Studies at Georgetown University and a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council's Global Energy Center. Brief Analysis he Republic of Azerbaijan, a secular, predominately Shii-populated state, will hold presidential elections on T October 15, 2003. The state borders Iran, produces significant quantities of oil and gas, and conducts a pro- American foreign policy. The capital, Baku, maintains extremely close ties with Turkey, including military cooperation, and is friendly to other U.S. allies, including Israel. The imminent presidential elections represent a turning point for Azerbaijan because the current president, Heydar Aliyev -- who has led Azerbaijan through most of the last three decades -- is not a candidate. The leading candidates are Ilham Aliyev (Azerbaijans current prime minister, son of the current president, and former first vice-president of the state oil company) and Isa Gambar (a leading opposition figure who heads the Musavat Party). Over the last decade, Washington has had remarkable success in establishing a U.S. presence in the Caspian region in various spheres (e.g., economic, political, military). Neither of the main presidential candidates is expected to alter Azerbaijans primary foreign policy decisions; the countrys pro-American orientation will continue regardless of the election results. Election Conduct and Implications As with most of the other states of the Caucasus and Central Asia, the democratization of Azerbaijan has not progressed as Washington had hoped it would when the Soviet Union first began to dissolve. -
A Study of Common Expressions in English and Farsi Languages and Their Equivalents in Gilaki Dialect in North of Iran
================================================================= Language in India www.languageinindia.comISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 17:4 April 2017 ================================================================= A Study of Common Expressions in English and Farsi languages and Their Equivalents in Gilaki Dialect in North of Iran Mohammad Kazemian Sana'ati, Ph.D. Candidate in TEFL Farhad Passandyar, Ph.D. Candidate in TEFL Davood Mashadi Heidar Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran ======================================================================== Abstract The Gilaki dialect belongs to the north-western group of Iranian languages. The Gilaki dialect is spread along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea in one of the northern provinces of Iran known as Guilan. The native speakers of the language call themselves Gilaks and their dialect Gilaki. In Guilan province, Gilaki is the vernacular language of some three million people mostly born in central and eastern Guilan province. The present study focuses on the commonalities in expressions used in English, Farsi and Gilaki. To conduct the study, 50 people from all walks of life from Langroud, Eastern Guilan, were interviewed. The expressions uttered in Gilaki were then analyzed and compared in meaning with their nearest equivalents in English and Farsi languages. The study showed that Gilaki satisfied the criteria necessary to be considered a language rather than a dialect. Keywords: Guilan, Gilaks, and Gilaki expressions 1. Introduction Guilan province lies along the Caspian Sea, west of Mazandaran Province, east of Ardabil Province, and north of Zanjan and Qazvin Provinces in Iran. Moreover, it borders the Republic of Azerbaijan in the north and Russia across the Caspian Sea. According to Kiyafar (2013,P. 11), "Guilan is very rich culture dates back to 7000 years ago. -
Brenda Shaffer Policy Recommendations
U.S. POLICY TOWARD THE CASPIAN REGION: RECOMMENDATIONS BRENDA SHAFFER U.S. Policy toward the Caspian Region: Recommendations for the Bush Administration Brenda Shaffer Dr. Brenda Shaffer is Research Director of the Caspian Studies Program at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. * * * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE CASPIAN REGION: ADVANCEMENT OF U.S. NATIONAL As the Bush Administration assesses how to INTERESTS best promote U.S. national interests through its policies toward the Caspian region, it could A number of U.S. national interests can be benefit from considering the following policy advanced through the successful articulation proposals and guidelines and taking note of a of policies in the Caspian region, which is few lessons derived from the results of the understood to encompass the Caspian littoral previous Administration’s policies.1 The states (Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, resources of the Caspian region can make an and Turkmenistan) as well as neighboring important contribution to United States energy states that belong to the security and energy security. However, the importance of the transport picture of the sea basin (Georgia, region extends beyond energy; extensive ties Armenia, Turkey, and Uzbekistan). These with the states of the Caspian region can interests are: contribute to improvement of Washington’s relations with the Muslim world and 1. Viability and stability of global energy encourage U.S.-oriented regimes and open supplies and diversification of supply societies. In order to better advance these from areas other than the Persian Gulf. aims, the U.S., first and foremost, needs to As President Bush has noted: “Diversity conduct a comprehensive and coherent policy. -
State Report Azerbaijan
ACFC/SR(2002)001 ______ REPORT SUBMITTED BY AZERBAIJAN PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES ______ (Received on 4 June 2002) _____ TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I............................................................................................................................................ 3 II. Aggression of the Republic of Armenia against the Republic of Azerbaijan..................... 9 III. Information on the form of the State structure.................................................................. 12 IV. Information on status of international law in national legislation .................................... 13 V. Information on demographic situation in the country ...................................................... 13 VI. Main economic data - gross domestic product and per capita income ............................. 15 VII. State’s national policy in the field of the protection of the rights of persons belonging to minorities ...................................................................................................................................... 15 VIII. Population awareness on international treaties to which Azerbaijan is a party to........ 16 P A R T II..................................................................................................................................... 18 Article 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Article -
“Iran and Its Neighbors: Diverging Views on a Strategic Region”
SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Eugene Whitlock (Ed.) “Iran and Its Neighbors: Diverging Views on a Strategic Region” July 2003 Berlin © Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2003 All rights reserved SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Ludwigkirchplatz 3−4 10719 Berlin Telephone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org [email protected] Table of Contents 5 Foreword – Johannes Reissner 7 Iran and the Middle East 9 The Infernal Triangle: Iran, Israel, and the United States – Samuel W. Lewis 15 Iran’s Relationship to Its Neighbors in Central Asia and the Caucasus 17 Iran’s Role in the South Caucasus and Caspian Region: Diverging Views of the U.S. and Europe – Brenda Shaffer 23 Iran in the Caucasus, Caspian and Central Asia: Lessons for Western Strategy – Edmund Herzig 29 U.S. and Iranian Policy in Afghanistan – Barnett R. Rubin 35 Iran and the Problem of Proliferation 37 Dealing with Iran’s Nuclear Program – Michael Eisenstadt 42 Iran, the Bomb, and the Future of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty – Oliver Thränert 53 The Potential for Iran to Provoke Further Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East – Patrick Clawson 57 The Role of Iran and the Region for Global Energy Supply 59 Iran’s Oil and Gas Development and the Effect of U.S. Economic Sanctions – James A. Placke 65 Why Iran Is Key for Europe’s Security of Energy Supply – Friedemann Müller 70 Post-War Iraq and Iran’s Petroleum Sector – Joe Barnes and -
D:\Kamla-Raj Anth 14(2\ANTH-660
© Kamla-Raj 2012 Anthropologist 14(2): 185-191 (2012) Diversity of Finger Patterns in Iranian Populations M. Sharif Kamali and Alireza Hassanzadeh Anthropology Research Centre, Iranian Cultural, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHTO), Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] KEYWORDS Dermatoglyphics, Finger Patterns, Distance analysis, Dendrograms, Iran ABSTRACT Six Iranian populations have been analyzed for finger patterns, utilizing bilateral prints of 720 individuals. Bimanual and sex differences were frequently insignificant and non-significant. Interpopulational variation showed significant hetererogeneity among the populations studied. Distance analysis and constructed dendrograms, based on these six populations and other thirteen Iranian populations, provided separation between the populations for finger patterns, and the dendrograms were only in agreement with the ethnohistoric records of the populations studied for combined sexes but not for males or females. Therefore, finger patterns are good measures of population distance and the relationships of populations one to another. INTRODUCTION main human ethnic groups and each of them has its own range of variation for these features. Hoff Anthropological dermatoglyphics has et al. (1981) found that the C-line terminations attracted many scholars in anthropology and show better results in interpopulational compari- population genetics for the past 70 years. The sons affinities compared to than the D-line termi- results are mainly descriptive dermatoglyphics nations among the native American populations. of single populations. Of course, there are also Balgir (1984) in studying C- and D-lines termina- studies in different populations and populations tions of the Sikligars of Chandigarh India, found comparisons. A bibliography of dermatoglyph- their common population origin with Rajputs and ics can be found in Mavalwala (1977) and a com- Hindu Gujjars. -
Iranian Influence in the South Caucasus and the Surrounding Region
IRANIAN INFLUENCE IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THE SURROUNDING REGION HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE AND EURASIA OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION DECEMBER 5, 2012 Serial No. 112–192 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ or http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 77–164PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 16:38 Jan 03, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\WORK\EE\120512\77164 HFA PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey HOWARD L. BERMAN, California DAN BURTON, Indiana GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York ELTON GALLEGLY, California ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American DANA ROHRABACHER, California Samoa DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois BRAD SHERMAN, California EDWARD R. ROYCE, California ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York STEVE CHABOT, Ohio GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York RON PAUL, Texas RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri MIKE PENCE, Indiana ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey JOE WILSON, South Carolina GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia CONNIE MACK, Florida THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas BRIAN HIGGINS, New York TED POE, Texas ALLYSON SCHWARTZ, Pennsylvania GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida CHRISTOPHER S. MURPHY, Connecticut JEAN SCHMIDT, Ohio FREDERICA WILSON, Florida BILL JOHNSON, Ohio KAREN BASS, California DAVID RIVERA, Florida WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts MIKE KELLY, Pennsylvania DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island TIM GRIFFIN, Arkansas TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina ANN MARIE BUERKLE, New York RENEE ELLMERS, North Carolina ROBERT TURNER, New York YLEEM D.S. -
Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian)
Coor din ates: 3 2 °N 5 3 °E Iran Irān [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known اﯾﺮان :Iran (Persian [11] [12] Islamic Republic of Iran as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/), officially the Islamic (Persian) ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾران Jomhuri-ye ﺟﻤﮭﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان :Republic of Iran (Persian Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen)),[13] is a sovereign state in Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān Western Asia.[14][15] With over 81 million inhabitants,[7] Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country.[16] Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,37 2 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17 th-largest in the world. Iran is Flag Emblem bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan,[a] to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the Motto: اﺳﺗﻘﻼل، آزادی، ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan Esteqlāl, Āzādi, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf ("Independence, freedom, the Islamic of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The Republic") [1] country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, (de facto) and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it Anthem: ﺳرود ﻣﻠﯽ ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾران geostrategic importance.[17] Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ("National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran") and cultural center. 0:00 MENU Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,[18][19] beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. -
Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946)
Revista Humanidades ISSN: 2215-3934 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946) Soleimani Amiri, PhD. Mohammad Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946) Revista Humanidades, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020 Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=498060395015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/h.v10i1.39936 Todos los derechos reservados. Universidad de Costa Rica. Esta revista se encuentra licenciada con Creative Commons. Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 Costa Rica. Correo electrónico: [email protected]/ Sitio web: http: //revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/humanidades This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 International. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative PhD. Mohammad Soleimani Amiri. Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946) Desde las ciencias sociales, la filosofía y la educación Azerbaijan Democratic Party: Ups and Downs (1945-1946) Partido Demócrata de Azerbaiyán: altibajos (1945-1946) PhD. Mohammad Soleimani Amiri DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/h.v10i1.39936 University of Sapienza, Italia Redalyc: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa? [email protected] id=498060395015 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0554-6964 Received: 19 June 2019 Accepted: 23 November 2019 Abstract: Democratic Party of Azerbaijan's movement is one of the most important events in the history of Iran and the world. It was for the first time in the history of Iran that a political party seriously stressed the issue of autonomy. In addition, this movement as liberation movement prioritized several decisive and fundamental reform. -
The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran
Nationalities Papers ISSN: 0090-5992 (Print) 1465-3923 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cnap20 The formation of Azerbaijani collective identity in Iran Brenda Shaffer To cite this article: Brenda Shaffer (2000) The formation of Azerbaijani collective identity in Iran, Nationalities Papers, 28:3, 449-477, DOI: 10.1080/713687484 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713687484 Published online: 19 Aug 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 207 View related articles Citing articles: 5 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cnap20 Download by: [Harvard Library] Date: 24 March 2016, At: 11:49 Nationalities Papers, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2000 THE FORMATION OF AZERBAIJANI COLLECTIVE IDENTITY IN IRAN Brenda Shaffer Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50% of its citizens are of non-Persian origin, yet researchers commonly use the terms Persians and Iranians interchangeably, neglecting the supra-ethnic meaning of the term Iranian for many of the non-Persians in Iran. The largest minority ethnic group in Iran is the Azerbaijanis (comprising approximately a third of the population) and other major groups include the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Turkmen.1 Iran’s ethnic groups are particularly susceptible to external manipulation and considerably subject to in uence from events taking place outside its borders, since most of the non-Persians are concen- trated in the frontier areas and have ties to co-ethnics in adjoining states, such as Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan and Iraq.