Rukma Vimana Design and Analysis
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Tri Tangtu on Sunda Wiwitan Doctrine in the XIV-XVII Century
TAWARIKH: Journal of Historical Studies, Volume 10(1), October 2018 Journal of Historical Studies ETTY SARINGENDYANTI, NINA HERLINA & MUMUH MUHSIN ZAKARIA Tri Tangtu on Sunda Wiwitan Doctrine in the XIV-XVII Century ABSTRACT: This article aims to reconstruct the concept of “Tri Tangtu” in the “Sunda Wiwitan” doctrine in the XIV-XVII century, when the Sunda kingdom in West Java, Indonesia was under the reign of Niskala Wastu (-kancana) at Surawisesa Palace in Kawali, Ciamis, until its collapse in 1579 AD (Anno Domini). “Tri Tangtu” absorbs the three to unite, one for three, essentially three things in fact one, the things and paradoxical attributes fused into and expanded outward. The outside looks calm, firm, one, but inside is continuously active in its entirety in various activities. This concept is still also continues on indigenous of Kanekes (Baduy) in Banten, Western Java. In achieving that goal, historical methods are used, consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. In the context of explanation used social sciences theory, namely socio-anthropology through the theory of religion proposed by Clifford Geertz (1973), namely religion as a cultural system that coherently explains the involvement between religion and culture. The results of this study show that the concept of “Tri Tangtu” consists of “Tri Tangtu dina Raga (Salira)”; “Tri Tangtu dina Nagara”; and “Tri Tangtu dina Buana”. About “Tri Tangtu dina Raga” is a system of human reciprocal relationship to the transcendent with “lampah, tekad, ucap (bayu-sabda- hedap)” or deed, strong will, and word. “Tri Tangtu dina Nagara” is a unity of “Rsi-Ratu-Rama” or Cleric, Ruler, and a Wise Oldmen. -
Old Javanese Legal Traditions in Pre-Colonial Bali
HELEN CREESE Old Javanese legal traditions in pre-colonial Bali Law codes with their origins in Indic-influenced Old Javanese knowledge sys- tems comprise an important genre in the Balinese textual record. Significant numbers of palm-leaf manuscripts, as well as later printed copies in Balinese script and romanized transliteration, are found in the major manuscript col- lections. A general overview of the Old Javanese legal corpus is included in Pigeaud’s four-volume catalogue of Javanese manuscripts, Literature of Java, under the heading ‘Juridical Literature’ (Pigeaud 1967:304-14, 1980:43), but detailed studies remain the exception. In spite of the considerable number of different legal treatises extant, and the insights they provide into pre-colonial judicial practices and forms of government, there have only been a handful of studies of Old Javanese and Balinese legal texts. A succession of nineteenth-century European visitors, ethnographers and administrators, notably Thomas Stamford Raffles (1817), John Crawfurd (1820), H.N. van den Broek (1854), Pierre Dubois,1 R. Friederich (1959), P.L. van Bloemen Waanders (1859), R. van Eck (1878-80) and Julius Jacobs (1883), routinely described legal practices in Bali, but European interest in Balinese legal texts was rarely philological. The first legal text to be published was a Dutch translation, without a word of commentary or explanation, of a section of the Dewadanda (Blokzeijl 1872). Then, in the early twentieth cen- tury, after the establishment of Dutch colonial rule over the entire island in 1908, Balinese (Djilantik and Oka 1909a, 1909b) and later Malay (Djlantik and Schwartz 1918a, 1918b, 1918c) translations of certain law codes were produced at the behest of Dutch officials who maintained that the Balinese priests who were required to administer adat law were unable to understand 1 Pierre Dubois,’Idée de Balie; Brieven over Balie’, [1833-1835], in: KITLV, H 281. -
Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: a Kawi Prose Anthology
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CENTER FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES THE MICHIGAN SERIES IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS Editorial Board Alton L. Becker John K. Musgrave George B. Simmons Thomas R. Trautmann, chm. Ann Arbor, Michigan INTRODUCTION TO OLD JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: A KAWI PROSE ANTHOLOGY Mary S. Zurbuchen Ann Arbor Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan 1976 The Michigan Series in South and Southeast Asian Languages and Linguistics, 3 Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-16235 International Standard Book Number: 0-89148-053-6 Copyright 1976 by Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-89148-053-2 (paper) ISBN 978-0-472-12818-1 (ebook) ISBN 978-0-472-90218-7 (open access) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ I made my song a coat Covered with embroideries Out of old mythologies.... "A Coat" W. B. Yeats Languages are more to us than systems of thought transference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we call it literature. "Language and Literature" Edward Sapir Contents Preface IX Pronounciation Guide X Vowel Sandhi xi Illustration of Scripts xii Kawi--an Introduction Language ancf History 1 Language and Its Forms 3 Language and Systems of Meaning 6 The Texts 10 Short Readings 13 Sentences 14 Paragraphs.. -
Masculinities in Forests; Representations of Diversity
MASCULINITIES IN FORESTS Masculinities in Forests: Representations of Diversity demonstrates the wide variability in ideas about, and practice of, masculinity in different forests, and how these relate to forest management. While forestry is widely considered a masculine domain, a significant portion of the literature on gender and development focuses on the role of women, not men. This book addresses this gap and also highlights how there are significant, demonstrable differences in masculinities from forest to forest. The book develops a simple conceptual framework for considering masculinities, one which both acknowledges the stability or enduring quality of masculinities, but also the significant masculinity-related options available to individual men within any given culture. The author draws on her own life, building on her long-term experience working globally in the conservation and development worlds, also observing masculinities among such professionals. The core of the book examines masculinities, based on long-term ethnographic research in the rural Pacific Northwest of the US; Long Segar, East Kalimantan; and Sitiung, West Sumatra, both in Indonesia. The author concludes by pulling together the various strands of masculine identities and discussing the implications of these various versions of masculinity for forest management. This book will be essential reading for students and scholars of forestry, gender studies and conservation and development, as well as practitioners and NGOs working in these fields. Carol J. Pierce Colfer is a Senior Associate at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and Visiting Scholar at Cornell University’s Southeast Asia Program, Ithaca, New York, USA. She is author/editor of numerous books, including co-editor of The Earthscan Reader on Gender and Forests (Routledge, 2017) and Gender and Forests: Climate Change, Tenure, Value Change and Emerging Issues (Routledge, 2016). -
Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: a Kawi Prose Anthology
Zurbuchen, Mary S. Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: A Kawi Prose Anthology. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Center for South East Asian Studies, 1976, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11902952. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CENTER FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES THE MICHIGAN SERIES IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS Editorial Board Alton L. Becker John K. Musgrave George B. Simmons Thomas R. Trautmann, chm. Ann Arbor, Michigan Zurbuchen, Mary S. Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: A Kawi Prose Anthology. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Center for South East Asian Studies, 1976, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11902952. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Zurbuchen, Mary S. Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: A Kawi Prose Anthology. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Center for South East Asian Studies, 1976, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11902952. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution INTRODUCTION TO OLD JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: A KAWI PROSE ANTHOLOGY Mary S. Zurbuchen Ann Arbor Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan 1976 The Michigan Series in South and Southeast Asian Languages and Linguistics, 3 Zurbuchen, Mary S. Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: A Kawi Prose Anthology. E-book, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Center for South East Asian Studies, 1976, https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.11902952. Downloaded on behalf of Unknown Institution Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. -
J. Noorduyn Majapahit in the Fifteenth Century In: Bijdragen Tot
J. Noorduyn Majapahit in the fifteenth century In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 134 (1978), no: 2/3, Leiden, 207-274 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/09/2021 12:03:09PM via free access J. NOORDUYN MAJAPAHIT IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY* Introduction If the name Majapahit evokes a picture of a powerful empire politically and culturally dominating the whole of the Indonesian Archipelago, it is invariably the image of Majapahit as it flourished in the fourteenth century that presents itself to the mind, Majapahit as it was in the time of its great king Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389) and his still greater minis- ter Gajah Mada (d. 1364), in the time of the famous poets Prapafica and Tantular, and of the sculptors of such reliëfs as have been preserved on the Surawana, Tigawangi and Këdaton temples. This golden age of Majapahit, however, was followed by a much longer period which, in contrast with the former, has been described as an age of decline and disintegration. The final chapter of Krom's still unsurpassed Hindu-Javanese History (1931:426-467) bears the ominous title "Decline and Fall of the Hindu-Javanese Power", and is pervaded by the idea Üiat Java's history of the fifteenth century was characterized by the unmistakably progressive decline of the previously unrivalled power of Majapahit. * The research on the subject of the present article was begun in 1969, and progressed slowly and intermittently in the few spare hours available for it in the years after that. -
Adaptive Collaborative Management of Community Forests in Asia Experiences from Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines
Adaptive Collaborative Management of Community Forests in Asia Experiences from Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines Edited by Robert Fisher, Ravi Prabhu and Cynthia McDougall Adaptive Collaborative Management of Community Forests in Asia Experiences from Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines Edited by Robert Fisher, Ravi Prabhu and Cynthia McDougall Copyright © 2007 by Center for International Forestry Research All rights reserved. Published in 2007 This book was designed and typeset by Rifky and Andhika Vega Praputra. It was copyedited by Sally Atwater. Cover photos by Alain Compost and Eva Wollenberg. ISBN 978-979-1412-37-7 Published by: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Mailing address: P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia Office address: Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, 16115, Indonesia Tel: +62 (0251) 622622 Fax: +62 (0251) 622100 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org Contents Foreword ............................................................................................... v About the Contributors .......................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ................................................................................ x Chapter 1. Introduction: People, Forests and the Need for Adaptation............... 1 Robert Fisher, Ravi Prabhu and Cynthia McDougall Chapter 2. Adaptive Collaborative Management: A Conceptual Model ............ 16 Ravi Prabhu, Cynthia McDougall and Robert Fisher Chapter 3. Enhancing Adaptiveness and Collaboration in Community -
Departmnet of History I M a History Vi Semester History of Kongu Nadu Upto 1800 A.D (18Mhi24c) Dr.Seethalakshmi, Associate
DEPARTMNET OF HISTORY I M A HISTORY VI SEMESTER HISTORY OF KONGU NADU UPTO 1800 A.D (18MHI24C) DR.SEETHALAKSHMI, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY- GAC (AUTO)- 18 Cell: 9487087335 [email protected] Unit II Western Ganga was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka in India which lasted from about 350 to 1000 CE. They are known as "Western Gangas" to distinguish them from the Eastern Gangas who in later centuries ruled over Kalinga (modern Odisha). The general belief is that the Western Gangas began their rule during a time when multiple native clans asserted their freedom due to the weakening of the Pallava empire in South India, a geo-political event sometimes attributed to the southern conquests of Samudra Gupta. The Western Ganga sovereignty lasted from about 350 to 550 CE, initially ruling from Kolar and later, moving their capital to Talakadu on the banks of the Kaveri River in modern Mysore district. After the rise of the imperial Chalukyas of Badami, the Gangas accepted Chalukya overlordship and fought for the cause of their overlords against the Pallavas of Kanchi. The Chalukyas were replaced by the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta in 753 CE as the dominant power in the Deccan. After a century of struggle for autonomy, the Western Gangas finally accepted Rashtrakuta overlordship and successfully fought alongside them against their foes, the Chola Dynasty of Tanjavur. In the late 10th century, north of Tungabhadra river, the Rashtrakutas were replaced by the emerging Western Chalukya Empire and the Chola Dynasty saw renewed power south of the Kaveri river. The defeat of the Western Gangas by Cholas around 1000 resulted in the end of the Ganga influence over the region. -
H. Creese the Balinese Kakawin Tradition; a Preliminary Description and Inventory
H. Creese The Balinese kakawin tradition; A preliminary description and inventory In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 155 (1999), no: 1, Leiden, 45-96 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/23/2021 12:55:23PM via free access HELEN CREESE The Balinese Kakawin Tradition A Preliminary Description and Inventory1 Bali has a vast and rich literature that dates back many centuries but which remains largely unknown outside Bali. Many different genres are represent- ed in the Balinese literary corpus, ranging from prose and poetic works writ- ten in Kawi - a name that encompasses a number of related idioms includ- ing Old Javanese, Middle Javanese and Javanese-Balinese - to works in liter- ary Balinese and modern novels, short stories and poetry written in Balinese and Indonesian. Among these literary genres is kakawin literature, one of the oldest written genres in the Indonesian archipelago, with its roots deep in the earliest period of Hindu-Javanese civilization and culture.2 Kakawin are written in Old Javanese (Kawi), in verse form according to a set number of syllables per line, and in fixed metrical patterns of long and short syllables that are based on the principles of Sanskrit poetics. Most are epic tales, although a number are also concerned with didactic and religious themes. The story of kakawin literature is closely bound up with the processes by which Indian, largely Sanskrit-derived, cultural, literary and religious prac- tices were adapted in the Indonesian world. Sanskrit literature in particular had a profound effect on Javanese literature. -
Humble Adorations Behind Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung: a Critical Discourse Analysis
HUMBLE ADORATIONS BEHIND KAKAWIN BANAWA SEKAR TANAKUNG: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS by Ida Bagus Arya Lawa Manuaba NIM. 1029011062 Language Education Department Post Graduate Program Ganesha University of Education July 2012 ABSTRACT This research which deals with critical discourse analysis aims (1) to find out meanings of terms and vocabularies in Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung, (2) to analyze meanings of Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung in religious context, and (3) to reveal ideology behind the Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung. The subject of this study was Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung in ancient Javanese language, while the techniques of data collections were documentation. The data was then analyzed descriptively based on theory of Critical Discourse Analysis, theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage and theory of meaning. The results of data analysis show that (1) most meanings of terms and vocabularies in the Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung were reduced and broadened due to the influence of local culture and historical events. Some words are still common in today’s society, especially the Balinese in which ancient Javanese literatures are kept preserved today. (2) Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung has a religious and ethical meaning, that people’s life in the ancient Java was religiously patterned. Besides, the kakawin showed that people of the ancient Java maintained their respects and submissiveness to the royal authorities. (3) The ideology of Kakawin Banawa Sekar Tanakung is submissive adoration, seen from the way the poet selected words and presented the kakawin through humble language choices. Considering that kakawins have valuable religious, moral, and educational values, further research on ancient Javanese literature are needed. -
Glossary of Common Sanskrit and Tamil Terms
Glossary of common Sanskrit and Tamil Terms Tamil words are marked (T) >> A - B - C - D - E - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - R - S - T - U - V - Y << A Aanmikam (T) = spirituality Abhaya = without fear Abhayankara = he who destroys fear, name of Shiva Abhirami = She who delights, name of the Divine Mother Achyutha = indestructible, name of Sri Krishna Adhara = basis Adi = first, original, primordial Adideva = first or primeval God Akhanda = entire, indivisible, without a break Akhila = the whole Akhilandeshwari = Mother of the whole egg-universe Amba = Mother, general name for all Goddesses Ambika = The Mother, name of Goddess Parvati Amma (T) = Mother Amrita = The immortal, nectar of immortality Ananda = bliss, supreme happiness, joy Ananta = infinite or endless Anatha = orphan or abandoned one Annai (T) = mother Annapurna = Mother Parvati, filled with food Antar = inner Antarjyoti = the inner light Antaryami = the internal ruler, inner guide Aravinda = a day-lotus Arati = waving the camphor flame Arul (T) = blessing, grace Arumugam (T) = six-faced God, a name of Muruga Aruna = red, rosy Arunachala = sacred mountain of Lord Shiva in Tamil Nadu Asha = hope Athale (T) = name of the Divine Mother Atma = the soul, the Self Avatara = an incarnation of God Ayodhya = city where Rama ruled >> A - B - C - D - E - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - R - S - T - U - V - Y << B Bala = power Bala (baala) = child Bandhu = relation, friend Bansidhara = he who holds the flute Bhagavan = Lord Bhagavati = having good fortune, a name of the -
New Wave Monthly Newsletter of ISKCON Delhi-NCR
Volume 5, Issue 3 July 2018 The New Wave Monthly Newsletter of ISKCON Delhi-NCR News 1. Vrindavan Visit in Purusottama Masa (2-3rd June) unique way to discover their permanent happiness. Every (ISKCON, Dwarka) week one session of this multi-session seminar is organized Vrindavan, Varsana and Nandagram yatra was organized in the premises of various societies. The seminar is very well in the Purushottama month under the leadership of H.G. received by the participants. Prasadam was distributed to all Prashant Mukund Prabhu. The yatra was attended by the participants at the end of each session. almost 100 devotees. Devotees visited Imli-tala, Radha 3. Discover Your Permanent Happiness (2 - 23rd June) Madanmohan temple, Mor Kutir at Barsana, Asheshwar (ISKCON, Dwarka) Mahadev temple, Prem sarovar, Pavana-sarovar, Ter Kadam, Charan Pahari, Vrinda Kund, etc. Krishna katha, kirtan and ISKCON Youth Forum, Dwarka, conducted 6-sessions prasadam during the yatra were fabulous and Yamuna bath seminar which was scheduled on every Saturday and was the cherry on the cake. The energy and enthusiasm of Sunday. The seminar was especially aimed at imparting each devotee was unbeatable. Devotees just lost themselves the timeless message of wisdom literature, coming from in the vibes of Vraja Bhumi. 2. DYPH Seminars (Every Weekend) (ISKCON Gurugram) The seminars are being organised in various residential societies to introduce the residents to this time-tested and the dawn of creation in a manner that is highly relevant to the modern youth. As usual, participants were taken aback by the content of the seminar. The seminar was delivered by H.G.