Higher Stages of Human Development
Journal of Heart-Centered Therapies, 2008, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 3-95 © 2008 Heart-Centered Therapies Association Higher Stages of Human Development David Hartman, MSW and Diane Zimberoff, M.A. * Abstract: Humanistic and transpersonal psychologies have eclipsed a focus solely on pathology assessment and treatment to a broader focus on the human being’s growth toward optimal functioning, often called self-actualization. Paradoxically, Maslow recognized that peak experiences often lead the self- actualizing individual to transcend the personal concerns of the very self that was being actualized. The ego moves away from focusing on its traits and toward a consolidation of identity. Qualities associated with higher stages of ego development are very similar to qualities associated with spiritual transformation: a consistent sense of presence, an authenticity, and a lightness or ease of being. Descriptions of people functioning at an optimal level include increasing flexibility, conceptual complexity, and tolerance for ambiguity; recognition and acceptance of internal contradictions; a broader and more complex understanding of the self, others, and the self in relation to others; internalized self-control and emotional self-regulation; transcendence of ego boundaries; transparency; “postambivalence” i.e., total wholehearted and unconflicted love, acceptance, and self-expression. We examine three realms of development: ego growth, soul embodiment, and spirit realization succinctly stated by Teilhard de Chardin: “First, be. Secondly, love. Finally, worship”. “Compared to what we ought to be, we are only half awake” (William James, 1981/1890, p. 237). The phenomenon of attaining the farther reaches of human nature, or the higher stages of human development, is presented in a counterintuitive story told by Martin Buber: Rabbi Zusya said shortly before his death, “In the world to come I shall not be asked, ‘Why were you not Moses?’ I shall be asked, ‘Why were you not Zusya?’” (Buber, 1970, pp.
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