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Action for Culture in Mediterranean Wetlands Culture Action for Cover Page: Fishing at Orbetello Lagoon

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Action for Culture in Mediterranean Wetlands Culture Action for Cover Page: Fishing at Orbetello Lagoon Thymio Papayannis Med-INA Med-INA works closely with the following The Mediterranean Institute for Nature institutions: and Anthropos is a non-profit science and ñ Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar,1971) conservation organization established in ñ MedWet Initiative 2003,in Greece,with an international man- ñ IUCN / WCPA / CSVPA Task Force date. ñ European Landscape Convention Its mission is to contribute to a harmonious ñ UNESCO / World Heritage Convention Action for culture relationship between Anthropos (Man- ñThe Society for the Protection of Prespa kind) and Nature, by working on the interface between the two,particularly in Contacts: in Mediterranean wetlands the Mediterranean Region,through multi- Irini Lyratzaki disciplinary research,intergrated action and Med-INA Scientific Secretariat public awareness. 23 Voucourestiou Street, 10671 Athens, Greece Main activities T: +30 210 3600712 Med-INA’s main current activities include: F: +30 210 3629338 ñAnalyzing cultural activities in 21 Mediter- E: [email protected] ranean wetland sites and drawing con- clusions for the conservation jointly of natural and cultural values. ñDeveloping the guidance for the in- corporation of cultural values in the management of wetlands for the Ramsar Convention. ñAssisting the Society for the Protection of Prespa in establishing the Prespa Centre for Nature and Anthropos. ñWorking on the conservation of Mediter- ranean landscapes,focussing on island cultural landscapes, water related landscapes and the landscapes of Greece. ñEditing with Peter Howard the double issue of the International Journal of Heritage Studies on Nature as heritage (September 2007). ñCo-ordinating jointly with Silene (Catalonia, Spain) the Delos Initia- tive on sacred natural sites in devel- oped countries, in the framework of IUCN / WCPA and its Task Force on Cultural and Spiritual Values. Action for culture in Mediterranean wetlands culture Action for Cover page: Fishing at Orbetello Lagoon Photo: F. Agostini ISBN 978-960-89972-0-2 Med-INA mio Papayannis Thy 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·1 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·2 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·3 Action for culture in Mediterranean wetlands 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·4 Main contributors: Peter Bridgewater (Preface), Sylvie Goyet (MedWetCoast activities), Christian Peren- nou (Appendix 2) Co-ordinated and written by: Thymio Papayannis (Med-INA) Funded by the MAVA Foundation Photo credits: Albufera de Valencia provided by SEHUMED; Butrint by Auron Tare and Thymio Papa- yannis; Camargue by Christian Perennou; Castro Marim by Emilia Paula Silva, ICN; Don~ ana by SEHUMED; Ghar el Melh by Faouzi Maamouri; Kizoren Obrugu by Selim Erdogan; Kune-Vain by Zamir Dedej; Kus, Lake by Selim Erdogan; Narta Lagoon by Violeta Zuna and MedWetCoast; Neretva Delta by Eugene Draganovicã and Thymio Papayannis; Prespa Lakes by SPP and Thymio Papayannis; Santo André by Emilia Paula Silva, ICN; Secˇovlje Salinas by Andrej Sovinc; Sˇkocjanske jame by Vanja Debevecã Gerjevicˇ;Tamentit Oasis by Ammar Boumez- beur and Christian Perennou. Citation: Papayannis, T. (2008), Action for Culture in Mediterranean Wetlands, Med-INA, Athens, Greece ISBN 978-960-89972-0-2 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·5 Thymio Papayannis Action for culture in Mediterranean wetlands Contributors Franco Agostini ñ Pau Alonso ñ Andreas Athanassiadis ñ Taulant Bino ñ Ammar Boumezbeur ñ Peter Bridgewater ñ Mario Cenni ñ Vanja Debevecã Gerjevicˇ ñ Zamir Dedej ñ Eugen Draganovicã ñ Selim Erdogan ñ Jordi Falgarona i Bosch ñ Magda Ghonem ñ Sylvie Goyet ñ Irini Lyratzaki ñ Faouzi Maamouri ñ Myrsini Malacou ñ Josep Maria Mallarach ñ JÔa~Ô Manuel Martins Madeira ñ Raphaël Mathevet ñ Molina Fernando ñ Maryland Morant ñ Christian Perennou ñ Perez Milagros ñ Paula Emilia Silva ñ Aphrodite Sorotou ñ Andrej Sovincã ñ Auron Tare ñ Fotini Vakitsidou ñ Jaroslav Vego ñ Villa Agueda ñ MarÈãa José Vin~ als ñ Violeta Zuna Med-INA Athens 2008 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·6 Characteristic Mediterranean wetlands of cultural interest 01. Albufera de Valencia 12. Kus, (Manyas) Lake 02. Burullus Lake 13. Narta Lagoon 03. Butrint 14. Neretva Delta 04.The Camargue 15. Orbetello Lagoon 05. Castro Marim and Vila Real 16. Prespa Lakes 06. Don~ ana 17. Santo André Lagoon 07. Evros Delta 18. Secˇovlje Salina 08. Ghar el Melh 19. Sˇkocjan Caves 09. Hutovo Blato 20.Tamentit and Sid Ahmed Timmi 10. Kizoren Obrugu 21. Zaranik Lake 11. Kune-Vain Lagoon 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·7 Table of contents Preface . 11 0. Introduction . 15 0.1 Ramsar and cultural values . 15 0.2 The MedWet Culture Working Group . 17 0.3 Preparation of the present publication . 20 0.4 Expression of gratitude . 22 Chapter 1. Cultural landscapes: water and wetlands . 25 1.1 Theoretical approach . 25 1.2 Characteristic landscapes in Mediterranean wetlands . 27 Chapter 2. Archaeological and historic building heritage . 37 2.1 Archaeological aspects . 38 2.2 Historic buildings and structures . 42 Chapter 3. Traditional resourse uses and future prospects .51 3.1 Biomass: grazing and grazing . 51 3.2 Fish and fisheries . 56 3.3 Food resources and gastronomy . 63 3.4 Freshwater and its management . 68 3.5 Game and hunting . 77 3.6 Rice and intensive cultivation . 82 3.7 Salt and salinas . 86 3.8 Wetland materials and handicrafts . 92 Chapter 4. Cultural and spiritual aspects . 97 4.1 Religious and spiritual events . 99 4.2 Secular events . 106 4.3 Educational values and ecotourism . 110 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·8 8ACTION FOR CULTURE IN MEDITERRANEAN WETLANDS Chapter 5. Towards an integrated approach . 121 5.1 An ambitious programme under difficult circumstances . 122 5.2 Integrated efforts in the Don~ ana National Park (Spain) . 126 5.3 Prespa Lakes (Albania, FYR of Macedonia, Greece) . 131 5.4 Tamentit and Sid Ahmed Timmi Oases (Algeria) . 138 5.5 MedWetCoast project: Integrating culture in wetland work . 144 Chapter 6. Major lessons learned . 149 6.1 General conclusions . 150 6.2 Specific guidance . 155 Chapter 7. Developing methods and tools . 163 7.1 The need for an integrative methodology . 163 7.2 Inventorying the cultural heritage . 168 7.3 Future steps required . 169 Bibliography . 177 Appendix 1: Characteristic Mediterranean sites . 183 Appendix 2: The Oases of Tamentit and Sid Ahmed Timmi Cultural values, current threats and administrative challenges by Christian Perennou . 223 Appendix 3: Ramsar Resolutions concerning cultural values . 241 Index . 253 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·9 Abbreviations and acronyms CAP Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union CBD Convention on Biological Diversity COP Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties cu m cubic meter(s) ha hectare(s) ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites km kilometres lt litre mmeter(s) MaB Man and the Biosphere Programme, UNESCO Med-INA Mediterranean Institute for Nature and Anthropos, Athens (Greece) MedWet Mediterranean Wetlands Initiative, Convention on Wet- lands MedWet/Com Mediterranean Wetlands Committee, Convention on Wetlands MW/CWG MedWet Culture Working Group NGO Non-governmental organisation Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, 1971) RIS Ramsar Information Sheets for Sites of International Importance SEHUMED Sede para el estudio de los humedales mediterraãneos, University of Valencia (Spain) SPP Society for the Protection of Prespa sq m square meter(s) tn ton(s) Tour du Valat Station biologique de la Tour du Valat,Le Sambuc,Arles (France) UNESCO United Nations Environment, Science and Culture Organisation WHS World Heritage Site 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·10 Roman antiquites,Butrint 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·11 Preface A strategic approach to the cultural values of wetlands In 1995 Peres de Cuéllar chaired a UNESCO Commission on Culture and Development, and in the Commission’s report Our Creative Diver- sity he states; Humanity’s relation to the natural environment has so far been seen predominantly in biophysical terms; but there is now a grow- ing recognition that societies themselves have created elaborate procedures to protect and manage their resources. These proce- dures are rooted in cultural values that have to be taken into account if sustainable and equitable human development is to become a reality. And again: Non-physical remains such as place names or local traditions are also part of the cultural heritage. Particularly significant are the interactions between these and nature: the collective cultural land- scape. Only the preservation of these enables us to see indigenous cultures in a historical perspective.The cultural landscape forms a historical and cultural frame for many indigenous peoples. In fact, all landscapes consist of both a natural and a cultural dimension. The perceived division between nature and culture is quite artificial, and, in the case of landscapes, this divide is counter-productive as all land- scapes are multidimensional and multifunctional. So, essentially all land- scapes are cultural, and subject to cultural influences, and a source of cul- tural knowledge. And as such, sustainability of ecological systems is achievable only within the context of cultural landscapes. In the same vein, we cannot understand and manage the ‘natural’ environment unless we understand the human culture that shaped it. 0.¶PøTO™E§I¢A 30-01-04 10:21 ™ÂÏ›‰·12 12 ACTION FOR CULTURE IN MEDITERRANEAN WETLANDS Our management itself becomes thus an expression of that culture. In the past, wetlands have often been seen as wastelands. For example, in the Farsi language in Iran, previous generations used the word Mourdab for wetlands, meaning literally deadland… Nowadays the word Talaab is used, indicating water.This is a powerful allusion to the way people and their world views, shaped through culture and lan- guage, can influence, as well as be influenced by, the natural envi- ronment.
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