DOCSLIB.ORG

VATSANABHA: an AGADA PERSPECTIVE Dr Amala Jyothi1, Dr Aruna Naga1, Dr Rajalakshmi R1, Dr Ashwinikumar S Bharati2 1PG Scholar, 2Professor, Dept

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
VATSANABHA: an AGADA PERSPECTIVE Dr Amala Jyothi1, Dr Aruna Naga1, Dr Rajalakshmi R1, Dr Ashwinikumar S Bharati2 1PG Scholar, 2Professor, Dept Review Article International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ISSN:2320 5091 VATSANABHA: AN AGADA PERSPECTIVE Dr Amala Jyothi1, Dr Aruna Naga1, Dr Rajalakshmi R1, Dr Ashwinikumar S Bharati2 1PG Scholar, 2Professor, Dept. of Agada Tantra, SDM College of Ayurveda Hassan, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT Ayurveda is the science of life that is widely practiced in India. It uses medicine pre- pared from plants, animals, and mineral origin. All the three sources of drugs can be divided under poisonous and nonpoisonous category. Vatsanabha is one such plant which is considered the most toxic plant in the world, hence listed out under Visha varga. It is the only Mahavisha which still identified and available. But if administered after proper Shodhana acts as Ra- sayana. Shodhana or purification is the process which involves the purification as well as re- duction in the levels of toxic principles thus removing the untoward effects the drug produces. The present review is designed to extensively discuss and understand the plant, its toxic effects, management and the medico-legal aspects involved. Keywords: Ayurveda, Vatsanabha, Toxicity, Detoxification, Management, Medico-legal as- pects INTRODUCTION ga[6]. The objective of this study is to review Vatsanabha or Mahavisha, Aconitum ferox the state of knowledge of the drug as such is a species of monk’s hood from the family along with its toxic effects on various sys- Ranunculaceae is a deciduous perennial with tems, its shodhana and medico-legal im- tall and erect stems crowned by racemes of portance. large eye catching blue, purple, white zygo- Toxic constituents: morphic flowers with numerous stamens. [1] The tuber of Vatsanabha contains 0.4–0.8% Vatsanabha is also identified as Vatsanaga, diterpene alkaloids and the concentration of Ksweda, Visa and Amrita.[2] As the synonym aconite in the fresh plant is between 0.3% reveals, this toxic plant can also be useful as and 2.0% in tubers and 0.2% and 1.2% in Amrita. The root of this plant is extremely the leaves. The highest concentration of ac- poisonous but useful in the treatment of var- onite is found in the winter. The major alka- ious diseases such as fever, rheumatoid ar- loids are aconitine, pseudaconitine, thritis, sciatica, hypertension and also act as bikhaconitine, diacetyl pseudaconitine, a Rasayana after Shodhana[3-5]. Classically, aconine, picro-aconine, veratry pseudaco- Charaka has categorized Vatsanabha under nitine, chamaconitine, veratryl gama acon- Sthavara Visha, Susruta under Kanda Visha ine, and di-Ac–Y-aconitine.[7]. and Kaiyadeva nighantu under Visha Var- Necessity of Shodhana: How to cite this URL: Dr Amala Jyothi Et Al: Vatsanabha: An Agada Perspective. International Ayurvedic medical Journal {online} 2016 {cited 2016 July} Available from: http://www.iamj.in/posts/images/upload/1235_1241.pdf Dr Amala Jyothi Et Al: Vatsanabha: An Agada Perspective Impure or impurely purified Vatsnabha if cotic effect; its pollen causes pain and swell- administered in any form will cause Daha ing in the eyes. It imparts a sensation of tin- (acute burning sensation) all over the body. gling & numbness to the tongue, lips & It may also cause Murcha (Syncope), mouth when chewed.[9] Hrutrodana (cardiac arrest) which may usu- Toxic symptoms [10-12] ally lead to Mrutyu (death) of patient [8]. Use Susruta enumerates the toxic symptoms as of Vatsnabha in higher dose may also lead Greeva stambha (neck stiffness) and peeta to toxicity and death. vinmootra netrata (yellowish discoloration All parts of the plants are poisonous. Tuber of feces, urine and eyes). is chiefly used as a poison. Leaves handled Rasa Vagbhata enumerated Ashta vegas or rubbed on the skin, produces tingling and (eight stages) of poisoning as: numbness. The odor of the plant has a nar- Stage Symptom 1st Twak vikara (skin changes) 2nd Vepathu (tremors) 3rd Daaha (burning all over the body) 4th Vikrtavastha (deformities) 5th Phenodgama (froth from mouth) 6th Skanda bhanga (drooping of shoulders) 7th Jadata (comatose) 8th Marana (death) Externally, when applied to mucous mem- dilatation of pupil[finally dilated] and Di- branes or to the skin for any length of time, plopia or impaired vision. aconite first stimulates and then depresses CVS Symptoms include slow, feeble and the ends of the sensory nerves, producing irregular pulse, fall in BP, Respiration which respectively tingling, numbness, and local at first is rapid and then slow, labored and anesthesia. shallow. Skin may become cold and damp It acts as both Neurotoxic and Cardiotoxic. and temperature will be usually sub normal. Generally symptoms occur immediately or Mode of Action [13]: within minutes of ingestion. Patient experi- Its major alkaloid aconitine has the chemical ences Bitter-sweet taste in the mouth fol- formula C34H47NO11, and is soluble in chlo- lowed by severe burning and tingling sensa- roform or benzene, slightly in alcohol or tion of lips, tongue, mouth & throat, which ether, and only very slightly in water. is again followed by numbness & anesthe- Aconitine can interact with the voltage- sia, Nausea, salivation, difficulty in swal- dependent sodium-ion channels, which are lowing, Pain in abdomen, vomiting and later proteins in the cell membranes of excitable tingling of the whole body. tissues, such as cardiac and skeletal muscles CNS Symptoms include Vertigo, Restless- and neurons. These proteins are highly se- ness, Difficulty in speech; Great prostration, lective for sodium-ions. They open very fast Pain and weakness of muscles associated to depolarize the cell membrane potential, with twitching and spasm, Contraction and causing the upstroke of an action potential. 1236 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 07; July- 2016 Dr Amala Jyothi Et Al: Vatsanabha: An Agada Perspective Normally, the sodium channels close very • Aconitine nitrate: 4mg rapidly, but the depolarization of the mem- Fatal Period [15]: brane potential causes the opening (activa- • Usually 1-5 hrs tion) of potassium channels and potassium- • Doses below Lethal Dose : produce efflux, which results in repolarization of the alarming symptoms immediately membrane potential. • Non-fatal cases: numbness & tingling In short Aconitine increases the permeability sensation persist of excitable membrane for sodium ions and Recovery Period [16]: prolong the sodium influx during the action Recovery time is dependent on amount of potential as a consequence sensible nerve intoxication. Mildly intoxicated patients ending and motor endplates are first activat- may take 1–2 days while patients with car- ed but later blocked. diovascular complications may take 7–9 Fatal dose[14]: days to recover. • Indian aconite root: 1.3-2gm Cause of death [17]: • Tincture: 5ml Death may be due to Respiratory failure or • Liniment: 1ml Ventricular fibrillation. • Pure aconitine: 2mg Shodhana: Sl No. Process Media Duration 01 Swedana [18,19] Aja dugdha 3 days 02 Sthapana Gomootra 3 days Aatapa shoshana [22,21,22,23] 03 Swedana[24] Go dugdha 3 days 04 Sthapana Gomootra 3 days Aatapa shoshana Tankana Bhavana [25] Changes occurring during Shodhana: dhana by both Gomootra and Godugdha Though treatment with cow urine, cow milk, makes Aconite devoid of cardiac and neuro– or cow dung is the traditional method of muscular toxic effects without affecting its Shodhana, it may not be feasible or accepta- antipyretic activity.[35] Soaking and boiling ble to all. After Shodhana process, the total during processing or decoction preparation alkaloid content decreases,[26] but the con- will hydrolyze aconite alkaloids into less tents of less toxic substances such as acon- toxic and non-toxic derivatives. ine, hypoaconine, and benzylhypoaconine The results of the toxicity study suggested increases [27,28] possibly due to conversion that after Ayurvedic Shodhana process, TLC of the toxic aconitine into aconine or hy- studies have shown that pseudoaconitine and drolysis of the alkaloids to their respective aconitine were converted into far less toxic amino alcohols after Shodhana process[29,30]. substances veratroyl pseudoaconine and It has been reported that Gomootra converts benzoylaconine respectively. Aconite to a compound with cardiac stimu- Management: lant property, whereas, raw Aconite showed According to Rasa Vagbhata, Upto 5th ve- cardiac depressant properties.[31,32,33,34] Sho- ga management is possible. First vamana 1237 www.iamj.in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 07; July- 2016 Dr Amala Jyothi Et Al: Vatsanabha: An Agada Perspective (vomiting) shall be induced using Ajak- internally by mistake. Inhalation of the dust sheera followed by Lepa, Kwatha or Anjana while powdering of root has caused toxic of Vishaghna gana. symptoms. If toxic symptoms is appears due to over Used of aconite as suicidal and homicidal dose of formulation contains aconitum or poisoning is common in India, where aco- usage of improper / without purification of nite is given along with betel leaf to mask its Vatsanabha in that condition Tankana taste. Aconitine added in Indian liquors to bhasma along with Ghee is given[36]. Com- increase the intoxicating effect, and causes bination of honey, ghee and bark of Arjun poisonous symptoms followed occasionally (Terminalia arjuna) is also used as antidote. by death. In rare cases, aconite root has been Whenever Vatsanabha is used in any formu- used as an abortifacient. Root of aconite is lation, Tankana bhasma (borax calx) is also occasionally used as cattle poison. Roots of used in the formulation to counteract the aconite are used as an arrow poison. toxic effect of Vatsnabha and hence there Identification [41]: will be no toxic effects[37]. Elimination of aconitine is mainly in the Use of Emetics or Gastric lavage with a so- urine and is best tested by acidifying it with lution containing animal charcoal, tannic diluted acetic acid. Traces have also been acid or milk is advised. Immediate attention found in the saliva, sweat and bile. should be given to vital organs. There Vatsanabha: An Ideal Homicide [42]? should be close monitoring of BP & cardiac Aconitine is extremely unstable and is de- rhythm.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
    JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH How to cite this article : PAUDEL R, PALAIAN S, RAVI SHANKAR P, PAUDEL B, , BHATTARAI S. ACONITE POISONING: A CLINICAL REVIEW OF THE FIRST FOUR CASES FROM NEPAL Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research [serial online] 2008 February [cited: 2008 February 4]; 2:651-655. Available from http://www.jcdr.net/back_issues.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2008&month= February &volume=2&issue=1&page=651-655 &id=137 PAUDEL R et al.: Aconite Poisoning: A Clinical Review Of The First Four Cases From Nepal CASE REPORT Aconite Poisoning: A Clinical Review Of The First Four Cases From Nepal PAUDEL R1, PALAIAN S2,3, RAVI SHANKAR P3, PAUDEL B1, BHATTARAI S1 ABSTRACT Aconite tubers are one of the most toxic plant products. They are taken as medication, and are occasionally confused with some other similar plants which are commonly used as medications. This manuscript describes four cases of aconite poisoning that were managed in the Manipal Teaching Hospital. The patients presented with classical symptoms of aconite poisoning such as perioral paraesthesia, generalized burning sensation, and cardiac manifestations such as hypotension and ventricular tachycardia. Since Aconite is a dangerous life threatening herb, one should be aware of this poison. We report four patients who presented with aconite poisoning after mistakenly ingesting aconite, thinking it to be related to medicinal plants. Keywords: Aconite poisoning, Cardiotoxicity, Nepal 1. Department of Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital public. The annual incidence of aconitine / Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal poisoning showed a marked decrease from 0.49 to 2 Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Purification of Guggul by Ayurvedic Process (Shodhana)
    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 17 (2), April 2018, pp. 391-395 Purification of Guggul by Ayurvedic process ( Shodhana ), estimation of Guggulsterone E & Z before and after purification by HPLC analysis Prince Kumar Pal 1, Goli Penchala Prasad 1, Gajji Babu 1, Dev Nath Singh Gautam 2 & Narendra Kumar Singh 3* 1Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Skin Disorders (Under CCRAS, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India), Vijaywada-520 015, Andhra Pradesh, India; 2Department of Rasa Shastra, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India; 3Pharmacy Ayurveda Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur-231 001, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected] Received 21 February 2017, revised 24 July 2017 Guggul is one of the Ayurvedic product in great demand, used for over thousands of years and high status for its versatile use in several ailments. The two most important pharmacological properties of guggul are its anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic actions. The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of three different media of purification (water, cow’s urine and Triphala Kashay a (decoction of three myrobalans)) of raw guggul on its markers Guggulsterone E & Z at different heating temperature during Shodhana (purification) process. The guggul purified by different methods was found to be quite variable in reference to physico-chemical parameters and its marker compounds Guggulsterone E & Z by HPLC analysis at similar chromatographic conditions. The Guggulsterone E & Z was found in the order: water > cow’s urine > Triphla Kashaya (0.29 w/w, 0.24 w/w and 0.16 w/w, respectively at 85 °C to 95 °C).
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Dinacharya Modalities WSR to Abhyanga As A
    Review Article International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ISSN:2320 5091 A REVIEW ON DINACHARYA MODALITIES W.S.R TO ABHYANGA AS A PROPHY- LACTIC MEASURE Vandana K S1, P Sudhakar Reddy2, Vinaya TM3 1III PG Scholar, 2Prof&HOD, Dept.Dept.of PG Studies in Swasthavritta JSS Ayurveda Medical College, Mysore 3Asst.Professor, Dept.of Swasthavritta, SriAdi Siva Sadguru Alisaheb Sivaryula Ayurvedic Medical College, Guntakal, Andhra Pradesh ABSTRACT Abhyanga is one among the Dinacharya and it is a kind of Bahyasneha. It gives strength to the body, nourishes the sense organs, increases longevity etc. it is the most natural and powerful me- thod of relaxing and at the same time rejuvenating the body. Abhyanga preserves the body energy and saves the individual from degeneration. Is also works as a cleanser and helps the individual in expelling the toxins out of the body through sweat, urine and mucus, thus rejuvenating the body. It is done to whole body or to a particular part of the body (Shira, Karna, Pada etc). Abhyanga has been highlighted with its wide spectrum of usage both for preventive and curative purpose. Abhyanga can be correlated to massage in contemporary science. The term is applied to certain manipulations of soft tissue which are effectively performed with the palmar aspect of the hand and administered for the purpose of producing effect on nervous system, muscular system as well as on the local and gen- eral circulation of blood and lymph. Keywords: Abhyanga, massage, Dinacharya INTRODUCTION Abhyanga has been explained in the dures done with hands on the external surface contest of Dinacharya1, Ritucharya2 for Swas- of the body in variety of ways either with a tha and as a Bahiparimarjana Chiktsa3 in dis- curative, palliative or hygienic point of view4.
    [Show full text]
  • THEORY of AYURVEDA (An Overview)
    THEORYTHEORY OFOF AYURVEDAAYURVEDA (An(An Overview)Overview) Dr Chakra Pany Sharma M. D. ( Ayu ), PhD ( Sch ) READER -PG MMM Govt Ayurveda College Udaipur -India Lord Brhama Lord Dhanvantari-The 313001 Father of Surgery Email: [email protected] [email protected] An Overview of Lake City Udaipur Fatehsagar Lake and Island Park Greenery in Rural Area Clouds over the Peak of Mountain Night Scenario of Fountain Park Introduction & Background Ayurveda (Devanagari : आयुवBद ) or Ayurvedic medicine is an ancient system of health care that is native to the Indian subcontinent . It is presently in daily use by millions of people in India , Nepal , Sri Lanka ,China , Tibet, and Pakistan . It is now in practice for health care in Europian countries. The word " Ayurveda " is a tatpurusha compound of the word āyus meaning "life" or "life principle", and the word veda , which refers to a system of "knowledge". Continued…………………….. According to Charaka Samhita , "life" itself is defined as the "combination of the body, sense organs, mind and soul, the factor responsible for preventing decay and death." According to this perspective, Ayurveda is concerned with measures to protect "ayus ", which includes healthy living along with therapeutic measures that relate to physical, mental, social and spiritual harmony. Continued…………………. Ayurvedavatarana (the "descent of Ayurveda ") Brahama Daksha Prajapati Indra Bharadwaj Bharadvaja in turn taught Ayurveda to a group of assembled sages, who then passed down different aspects of this knowledge to their students . Continued…………………. According to tradition, Ayurveda was first described in text form by Agnivesha , named - Agnivesh tantra . The book was later redacted by Charaka , and became known as the Charaka Samhit ā.
    [Show full text]
  • Rasayana Herbs of Ayurveda to Treat Age Related Cognitive Decline: an Update
    Pharmacogn. J. 2016;8(5):411-423 A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Review Article www.phcogj.com | www.journalonweb.com/pj Rasayana Herbs of Ayurveda to Treat age Related Cognitive Decline: An Update Reena Kulkarni1*, Suhas Kumar Shetty2, Rajarajeshwari N M3, Prasanna Narasimha Rao4 and Nayan J5 1Department of Kaumarabhritya, SDM College of Ayurveda, Tanniruhalla, Hassan-INDIA. 2Department of Manasa Roga, SDM College of Ayurveda, Tanniruhalla, Hassan-INDIA. 3Department of Samhita and Siddhanta, SDM College of Ayurveda, Tanniruhalla, Hassan-INDIA. 4Department of Shalya Tantra, SDM College of Ayurveda, Tanniruhalla, Hassan-INDIA. 5Department of Agada tantra, Sri Kalabairaveshvara Swamy Ayurveda Medical College, RPC layout, Vijayanagar, Bengaluru-40, Karnataka, INDIA. ABSTRACT Introduction: Cognitive decline associated with aging could be minor or protective activity. Acetylcholine esterase inhibition, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate major neuro-cognitive disorder presenting with progressive intellectual antagonism, Dopaminergic activity, Anti-amyloidogenic activity, Inhibition deterioration interfering with day to day activities. Behaviour and personal- of Tau aggregation, neuroprotection and immune modulation are activity ity changes may complicate the life in due course. Significant increase in path ways. Tridosha namely Kapha, Pitta and Vata may be viewed to be global prevalence of people aged above 60 years has raised concerns on categorically predominant in initial, middle and final stage of dementia. Se- effective management of old age problems. Age related cognitive deficits lected herbs thus can be specific based on the pathology and relevant do- and dementia raise to the level of epidemics and established management sha predominance. Conclusion: Rasayana herbs with current updates and is yet underway.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plant Conservation
    MEDICINAL Medicinal Plant PLANT SPECIALIST GROUP Conservation Silphion Volume 11 Newsletter of the Medicinal Plant Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Chaired by Danna J. Leaman Chair’s note . 2 Sustainable sourcing of Arnica montana in the International Standard for Sustainable Wild Col- Apuseni Mountains (Romania): A field project lection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Wolfgang Kathe . 27 (ISSC-MAP) – Danna Leaman . 4 Rhodiola rosea L., from wild collection to field production – Bertalan Galambosi . 31 Regional File Conservation data sheet Ginseng – Dagmar Iracambi Medicinal Plants Project in Minas Gerais Lange . 35 (Brazil) and the International Standard for Sus- tainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aro- Conferences and Meetings matic Plants (ISSC-MAP) – Eleanor Coming up – Natalie Hofbauer. 38 Gallia & Karen Franz . 6 CITES News – Uwe Schippmann . 38 Conservation aspects of Aconitum species in the Himalayas with special reference to Uttaran- Recent Events chal (India) – Niranjan Chandra Shah . 9 Conservation Assessment and Management Prior- Promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants in itisation (CAMP) for wild medicinal plants of Uttaranchal, India – Ghayur Alam & Petra North-East India – D.K. Ved, G.A. Kinhal, K. van de Kop . 15 Ravikumar, R. Vijaya Sankar & K. Haridasan . 40 Taxon File Notices of Publication . 45 Trade in East African Aloes – Sara Oldfield . 19 Towards a standardization of biological sustain- List of Members. 48 ability: Wildcrafting Rhatany (Krameria lap- pacea) in Peru – Maximilian
    [Show full text]
  • General Guidelines for Drug Development of Ayurvedic Formulations
    GUIDELINES SERIES-I GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT OF AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India New Delhi Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT OF AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS Volume - 1 CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDIC SCIENCES Ministry of AYUSH, Govt, of India New Delhi Miiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll © Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi - 110058 First Edition - 2018 Publisher: Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, J. L. N. B. C. A. H. Anusandhan Bhavan, 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D-Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110 058, E-mail: [email protected], Website : www.ccras.nic.in Disclaimer: All possible efforts have been made to ensure the correctness of the contents. However Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, shall not be accountable for any inadvertent error in the content. Corrective measures shall be taken up once such errors are brought to notice. ISBN : 978-93-83864-23-2 Other Related
    [Show full text]
  • Setting up of Herbal Gardens in Schools Under Prmotional Scheme of National Medicinal Plants Board (Nmpb), Government of India ======
    SETTING UP OF HERBAL GARDENS IN SCHOOLS UNDER PRMOTIONAL SCHEME OF NATIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS BOARD (NMPB), GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ============================================================ (I) Background :- Realising the resurgence of Indian traditional medicines across the world and corresponding increase in demand of medicinal plants, the Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare have set up a Medicinal Plants Board in November, 2000 under the Chairmanship of Union Health & Family Welfare Minister for overall development of this sector. The Board is responsible for co-ordination of all matters relating to medicinal plants, including drawing up policies and strategies for in-situ conservation, ex-situ/in-situ cultivation, proper harvesting, research and development, processing and marketing of raw material etc. in order to protect, sustain and develop this sector. The Board has been implementing Promotional and Commercial schemes and providing Central Assistance for such purposes. (II) Objective : In order to sensitize the students about conservation of the rich biodiversity and in particular the role of medicinal plants in providing a holistic health care both in traditional and modern systems of medicine, it is proposed to provide financial assistance for setting up herbal gardens in schools under the promotional scheme of the Board on a pilot basis. (III) Coverage : As decided in the 13th Standing Finance Committee (SFC) meeting held on 6/7/05, it is proposed to take 10 schools each in 50 districts initially. The project seeks to cover schools up to senior secondary/intermediate/10+2 level with preference being given to Kendriya Vidyalayas and Noarvodaya Vidyalayas. Based on the response and experience of implementation the project will be extended to other districts.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Efficacious Ayurvedic Panchakarma Procedures in Children with Cerebral Palsy ©2018 Gupta Et Al
    International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine Review Article Open Access Some efficaciousAyurvedic panchakarma procedures in children with cerebral palsy Abstract Volume 11 Issue 1 - 2018 Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a non-progressive neuromotor disorder of cerebral Kshama Gupta, Prasad Mamidi origin. Motor disorders of CP are accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, Faculty of Ayurveda, Parul University, India cognition, communication and behavior. In Ayurveda, there is no single condition/disease which exactly show similarity with CP. Most of the authors considered CP as vata vyadhi. Correspondence: Kshama Gupta, Associate professor, Faculty Various Panchakarma procedures like Udwartana (medicated powder massage), Sarvaanga of Ayurveda, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India, abhyanga (full body massage with medicated oil), Baashpa sweda & Naadi sweda Tel 7567222309, Email [email protected] (steam bath) and Vasti (oil and decoction enemas) etc are found to be beneficial in the management of CP in children. Present study is focused on panchakarma procedures which Received: January 03, 2018 | Published: January 29, 2018 are commonly used and found effective in children with CP. Udwartana opens the minute channels and improves blood as well as lymphatic circulation. Udwartana is kapha, vata hara and removes aavarana or srotorodha. It provides a platform for further procedures like abhyanga, swedana and vasti. Sarvanga abhyanga, baashpa & naadi sweda reduce spasticity (especially scissoring
    [Show full text]
  • Phytosociological Features and Threat Categorization of A. Heterophyllum Wall
    Vol. 6(3), pp. 111-118, March 2014 DOI: 10.5897/JENE2013.0395 ISSN 2006-9847 ©2014 Academic Journals Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment http://www.academicjournals.org/JENE Full Length Research Paper Phytosociological features and threat categorization of A. heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle and A. ferox Wall. ex Ser. in Kumaun Himalaya Deepika Bhatt1, G. C. Joshi1, Ravi Kumar1 and L. M. Tewari2 1Regional research Institute of Himalayan Flora, (CCRAS) Tarikhet, Ranikhet -263 663, Uttarakhand, India. 2Department of Botany, D. S. B. Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Accepted 7 January, 2014 Alpine and subalpine regions of Kumaun Himalaya were surveyed qualitatively and quantitatively for the population study to determine the status of Aconitum ferox and A. heterophyllum. Low population density across the surveyed populations and restricted distribution to specific pockets indicates poor availability of the species in the study area. Illegal and over exploitation of these species pose threat to their existence. The present study clarifies the population structure of identified aconite species in Kumaun Himalaya. Observations reveal that on the basis of six attributes (that is habitat preference, distribution range, population size, use pattern, extraction trend, native and endemic species) used to assign threat categories, both the Aconitum species are endangered. Key words: Endangered, Himalaya, Aconitum heterophyllum, Aconitum ferox, medicinal plant. INTRODUCTION Since time immemorial, Himalaya is famous for its rich Indian System of Medicine (ISM). According to Red List plant biodiversity including a wide range of medicinal and Categories published by IUCN (1993), threatened aromatic plants. The variety of soils, topography and species are having small geographic area, narrow habitat climatic conditions of the region provide very congenial specificity, commonly sparse and geographically conditions for growth and development of many thera- restricted to special habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Gymnaconitum, a New Genus of Ranunculaceae Endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
    TAXON 62 (4) • August 2013: 713–722 Wang & al. • Gymnaconitum, a new genus of Ranunculaceae Gymnaconitum, a new genus of Ranunculaceae endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Wei Wang,1 Yang Liu,2 Sheng-Xiang Yu,1 Tian-Gang Gao1 & Zhi-Duan Chen1 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Wei Wang, [email protected] Abstract The monophyly of traditional Aconitum remains unresolved, owing to the controversial systematic position and taxonomic treatment of the monotypic, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau endemic A. subg. Gymnaconitum. In this study, we analyzed two datasets using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods: (1) two markers (ITS, trnL-F) of 285 Delphinieae species, and (2) six markers (ITS, trnL-F, trnH-psbA, trnK-matK, trnS-trnG, rbcL) of 32 Delphinieae species. All our analyses show that traditional Aconitum is not monophyletic and that subgenus Gymnaconitum and a broadly defined Delphinium form a clade. The SOWH tests also reject the inclusion of subgenus Gymnaconitum in traditional Aconitum. Subgenus Gymnaconitum markedly differs from other species of Aconitum and other genera of tribe Delphinieae in many non-molecular characters. By integrating lines of evidence from molecular phylogeny, divergence times, morphology, and karyology, we raise the mono- typic A. subg. Gymnaconitum to generic status. Keywords Aconitum; Delphinieae; Gymnaconitum; monophyly; phylogeny; Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Ranunculaceae; SOWH test Supplementary Material The Electronic Supplement (Figs. S1–S8; Appendices S1, S2) and the alignment files are available in the Supplementary Data section of the online version of this article (http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax).
    [Show full text]
  • On the Technique of Sodhana
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central Ancient Science of life Vol No XVI I July 1996, Page 67-73 ON THE TECHNIQUE OF SODHANA ANJANA CHAUBE, P.K PRAJAPATI and S.K DIXIT Department of Rasashastra, I.M.S., B.H.U., Varanasi – 221 005 Received: 6 February 1996 Accepted: 23 April,1996 ABSTRACT: Sodhana is a particular aspect to be followed meticulously in ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Failure to subject certain ingredients to this process of “purification” can have a negative effect on the efficacy of the preparations(s). This aspect is detail in this article. INTRODUCTION were the pioneer to use the metals for medicinal purposes as prehistoric texts like Ayurveda –the science of life is known to “Rigveda” and Atharvaveda: have the mankind since time immemorial. It mentioned the medicinal values of the noble prolongs life span, maintains positive health metals like gold and silver. and cures diseases. With a view to achieve these aims and objectives different types of After the development of rasa Shastra it was drugs, found in nature from the natural made possible for the minerals and metals, resources whether these may be herbal precious and semiprecious stones to pass animal or minerals have been in use. The through various pharmaceutical processes drugs of herbal origin come first in the series like shodhana, Jarana Marana etc for several because of their easy availability and easy times so as to convert these in to a form or processing but after sometime, in addition to compound which may suit to the human the herbal drugs, mani (previous stones or body and could be observed and assimilated gems) mantra (hymns), shastra (surgical easily into the system without exhibiting any instruments), agni (fire) and kshara (Alkali) toxic symptom.
    [Show full text]