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Student Workbook for Science in the Atomic Age

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Student Workbook for Science in the Atomic Age Student Workbook for Science in the Atomic Age Property of: Student Workbook for Science in the Atomic Age Published by Berean Builders Muncie, IN bereanbuilders.com Copyright ©2020 Berean Builders Publishing, All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America By My Father’s World ISBN: 978-1-7350291-0-8 A copy of this document can be made for any student who owns Science in the Atomic Age Table of Contents Daily Assignments ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Worksheets ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Documenting Experiments .......................................................................................................................... 171 Laboratory Notebook ................................................................................................................................... 175 Daily Assignments The daily assignments are built into the layout of the textbook. You will basically spend seven days in a given two-week period reading and doing experiments. You will then spend two days answering the questions in the chapter review. Finally, you’ll spend one day taking the test. This book is made up of 16 chapters. The first one is shorter than the others, because it is a general introduction to science and to the process of documenting experiments. Each chapter contains reading and experiments that you need to complete as well as questions you must answer. You are supposed to perform the experiments when they come to you in the reading, because right after the experiment, I will discuss what the experiment means. The questions that you answer while you are reading are called “Comprehension Check” questions, and they represent important milestones in your work. Each time you reach a “Comprehension Check” box, you are at the end of the day’s lesson. You need to answer the questions and then check your answers against the answers that appear right before the Review at the end of the chapter. Once you check your answers and understand anything you answered incorrectly, you are done with science for the day! Most of the chapters have seven “Comprehension Check” boxes, which means you will use seven school days to work through each chapter. Some of those days will consist of reading, and some of them will consist of less reading and an experiment to do. At the end of those seven days, you need to spend a day or two answering the questions in the Review that appears at the end of each chapter. Your parent/teacher has the answers to those questions, but you should not use them until you have completed the entire Review. Feel free to use the book to help you with the Review. Once you have finished answering and checking all your answers to the review questions, you are ready to take the test that covers the chapter you have been working on. You cannot use your book for the test, but you can use a calculator if the test has any math-related questions in it. Also, once you learn about the Periodic Table of the Elements, you are free to use that on any test. It is on page 54 as well as the inside cover of the book. As you read, you will see some statements and equations that are centered and surrounded by pink boxes. You must memorize any information that you see in the pink boxes. In addition, there are definitions that are centered in the text. They also needed to be committed to memory. Finally, there are some words in boldface type scattered through the text. Those are terms with which you need to be familiar. In the same way, some scientists’ names will be in boldface type. They represent the most important scientists that are being discussed. Most students should try to cover this course in one year of school. If you think about it, all of the Chapters but the first have seven “Comprehension Check” boxes, which means it will take seven days to get through all but the first chapter. After that, suppose you spend two days working on the Review and studying for the test. Then on the next day, you take the test. That means it would take ten school days (two weeks of school) to cover the chapter. The first chapter is shorter, so that means you would take less than 32 weeks to finish the entire book. Most school years are 36 weeks long, so you have some built-in “flex time” in case some chapters are harder for you than others. Chapter 1 Comprehension Check Questions 3 Worksheets Chapter 1 Comprehension Check Questions 1.1 You are admiring a flower in a garden. Which of the following questions can be directly studied by science? a. What makes the smell that the flower emits? b. What makes the flower beautiful? 1.2 You have been studying a goldfish in a bowl for a long time. You have observed how it eats, grows, swims, etc. You develop an explanation for how a goldfish gets the energy it needs to survive. It explains everything you have observed. Is your explanation a hypothesis or a theory? 1.3 Suppose you decide to test the explanation you made in question 1.2. You make a prediction about what will happen if you regularly overfeed the goldfish. You start doing that, and what you observe is not what you predicted. At this point, you have two options regarding what to do about your explanation. What are they? 4 Chapter 1 Comprehension Check Questions 1.4 Look at the two pictures on the right. One of them shows a rock that has been shaped naturally by weather and wind. The other shows a rock that has been shaped by an artist who was following a design. Which is which? What made you choose the way you did? Photos © shutterstock.com/COLOMBO NICOLA (left), Dr Ajay Kumar Singh (right) 1.5 In an experiment, you are told to boil water and then pull it off the heat until it stops boiling. When you document the experiment, in which section of the report would that information go? Chapter 1 Review Questions 5 Chapter 1 Review Questions 1. Define the following terms: a. Science b. Hypothesis c. Theory 2. Describe the scientific method in your own words. 3. What part or parts of the scientific method did the ancient Greek natural philosophers use? What did they not use? 6 Chapter 1 Review Questions 4. Why is it often hard to determine whether or not a theory is accurate? 5. What should you say to someone who starts a sentence with, “Science has proven…”? Chapter 1 Review Questions 7 6. What is the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory? 7. If a scientific law has been accepted for more than 100 years, can we believe that it is 100% true? Why or why not? 8. While science can only study the natural world directly, give an example of how it can relate to things that go beyond the natural world. 9. What are the three sections you need in every lab report you write in your lab notebook? 8 Chapter 1 Review Questions 10. Indicate what each of the sections in #9 must contain. Chapter 2 Comprehension Check Questions 9 Chapter 2 Comprehension Check Questions 2.1 After you rubbed the balloon in your hair, did your hair have a charge? If so, was it positive or negative? 2.2 Suppose the can had been made of something that charges cannot move in. If you did everything exactly the same as you did in your experiment, would the can have been attracted to the negatively-charged balloon? 2.3 Object A has twice the mass of object B, and object B has twice the mass of object C. Which object weighs the least? 2.4 Object A has a higher density than water, while object B has a lower density than water. Which object floats in water, and which sinks? 2.5 Objects A and B have the same charge. If object A has more mass than object B, which has the higher charge-to-mass ratio? 10 Chapter 2 Comprehension Check Questions 2.6 You give an object a negative charge by adding 15 electrons to it. If you represent the charge of an electron with “e”, what is the charge on the object? 2.7 If you were able to completely remove an electron from an atom, would the atom have a charge? If so, would it be positive or negative? Chapter 2 Comprehension Check Questions 11 2.8 Suppose an atom consists of three protons and three electrons. Draw what it would look like according to Rutherford at this point in time. 2.9 Suppose a charged particle that is in motion absorbs light instead of emitting it. Would the charged particle lose energy, gain energy, or end up with the same energy? 2.10 An electron in an atom jumps from an orbit that is close to the nucleus to one that is farther away. Did the atom absorb energy or lose energy? 2.11 An atom is emitting light. Is its electron moving closer to the nucleus or farther from the nucleus? 2.12 In some college laboratories, students do the Franck-Hertz experiment with neon in the tube instead of mercury. When the experiment is performed that way, would you expect the decreases in current to happen at multiples of 4.9 volts or some other number of volts? 12 Chapter 2 Comprehension Check Questions 2.13 Look at the picture of the neon atom on page 36. Suppose you measure the energy of an electron in the smaller s orbital, and then you measure the energy of the electron in the larger s orbital. How would the energies compare? (HINT: Think about electron energy in the Bohr model.) Chapter 2 Comprehension Check Questions 13 Consider the following three atoms: Atom A has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus Atom B has ten electrons traveling around a nucleus that contains 12 neutrons Atom C has six protons and eight neutrons in its nucleus 2.14 How many protons are in the nucleus of atom B? 2.15 Which two atoms are isotopes? Which is the heavier one? 2.16 Which atom is the heaviest of them all? 14 Chapter 2 Review Questions Chapter 2 Review Questions 1.
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