Detection of Mepitiostane in Doping Analysis
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Testosterone, Or
COSI SIMILI, COSI DIVERSE 1. FOR A FEW ATOMS MORE: TESTOSTERONE AND DOPING A few days ago, the Tour de France winner, Floyd Landis, was found to have a high, indeed impermissible level of testosterone in his urine. Not quite, more of what was actually found in just a while. The sample was taken just after his comeback victory in a critical stage of bicycling’s premier race. If a second sample confirms the problem, Landis’s victory will be disallowed. Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone, produced mainly where… you might suspect from its name. And it is also produced in the ovaries of females. Testosterone is a so-called anabolic steroid, a class of molecules that give us a continuing lesson that almost the same is not the same. All the steroids, the class of molecules that include testosterone, have the same atomic framework – four all-carbon rings, fused together. Three are hexagons, the third ring going off at an angle to the other two. Fused to that last ring is a pentagon of carbon atoms. Call the rings A (6 carbons), B (6), C (6), D (5). Testosterone has an oxygen and a hydrogen (OH) attached to ring D, two CH3 (methyl) groups, one at the juncture of rings C and D, the other at the juncture of A and B. Finally ring A of testosterone has an oxygen attached to it as well, and there is a double bond in that ring. testosterone Testosterone is responsible for the secondary sex changes which occur in male puberty – facial and pubic hair, oiliness of skin, body odor, all that teenage boy stuff. -
Androgenic and Anabolic Activities of Some Newly Synthesized Epiandrosterone and Progesterone Derivatives
Scientia Pharmazeutica (Sci. Pharm.) 68, 141-1 57 (2000) O Osterreichische Apotheker-Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H, Wien, Printed in Austria Androgenic and Anabolic Activities of Some Newly Synthesized Epiandrosterone and Progesterone Derivatives. Y. A. ~aklaai"and M. M. ~osseir'~' Abstract Derivatives of eplandrosterone and progesterone were synthesized. The androgenic and the anabolic activities of some of tlieln were investigated on prepubertal male albino rats of 21 days old by:-i determining tlie weight gain of the body, levator ani muscle, ventral prostate gland, testis, selniilal vesicles, vas deferens and epididymis, ii- esti~natioi~of serum luteinizing (LH) hor~none,iii- liistopatliological examination of the testis and ventral prostate glands. The results from this study showed that the presence of an appended substituted 2- aminopyridine ring at the C- 17 of testosterone gave the maximuin a~idrogenicactivity, whereas the presence of a substituted piperidine ring fused to ring D of 5 a- androstane exhibited tlie maxiini~inanabolic activity. However, filsio~~of a pyrazoline moiety with the ring D of 5 a- androstane led to a compo~undwith considerable androgenic and anabolic act~v~ty. Keywords: epiandrosterone, progesterone, a~idrogenicactivity, anabolic activity, prepubertal rat, inale sex accessory glands, luteinizing horinone, I~istopatl~ology Introduction A~idrogensare a class of steroids responsible for tlie primary and secondary sex characteristics of the male. In addition, these steroids have bee11 found to possess potent anabolic promoting properties. The androgens are formed by the Leydig cells of the testis which is regulated by tlie gonadotropic luteinizing hormone (LH). The latter is secreted by tlie (J - cells of the anterior pitiltary gland under tlie control of the liypotlialainic gonadotropin - releasing l~oni~one.LH polypeptide -cliaiii is bioclie~nically unique and confers the LH biological and il~~~~~l~~~ologicnlspecificity "'". -
REVIEW Effects of Androgens on Cardiovascular Remodeling
1 REVIEW Effects of androgens on cardiovascular remodeling Yasumasa Ikeda1,2, Ken-ichi Aihara2, Sumiko Yoshida2, Masashi Akaike3 and Toshio Matsumoto2 Departments of 1Pharmacology, 2Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and 3Medical Education, The University of Tokushima, Graduate School of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan (Correspondence should be addressed to K Aihara; Email: [email protected]) Abstract Androgens, the male sex hormones, exert various biological cardiovascular mortality. However, the influence of androgens effects on many target organs through the transcriptional effects on the cardiovascular system has not been fully elucidated. of the nuclear androgen receptor (AR). ARs are expressed not Toclarify this issue, we analyzed the effects of administration of only in classical target organs, such as the brain, genital organs, angiotensin II and doxorubicin, an anticancer agent, in a bone, and skeletal muscles, but also in the cardiovascular loading model in male wild-type and AR-deficient mice. In system. Because the female sex hormones estrogens are well- this review, we focus on the actions of androgens as potential known to protect against cardiovascular disease, sex has targets for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in males. been considered to have a significant clinical impact on Journal of Endocrinology (2012) 214, 1–10 Introduction In addition, previous studies have shown that testosterone replacement tends to increase cardiovascular risk among Cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of death in both men of all ages (Calof et al. 2005, Haddad et al. 2007, womenandmenworldwideandappearstoincrease Fernandez-Balsells et al. 2010). On the other hand, recent morbidity and mortality in industrial countries. -
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in Horses: Natural Presence and Underlying Biomechanisms
ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS IN HORSES: NATURAL PRESENCE AND UNDERLYING BIOMECHANISMS Anneleen Decloedt Dissertation submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy (PhD) in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University PROMOTER Prof. dr. ir. Lynn Vanhaecke Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory of Chemical Analysis MEMBERS OF THE READING COMMITTEE Prof. dr. James Scarth HFL Sport Science, Cambridgeshire, United-Kingdom Prof. dr. Peter Van Eenoo Ghent University, DoCoLab, Zwijnaarde, Belgium Prof. dr. Ann Van Soom Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Dr. Ludovic Bailly-Chouriberry Laboratoires des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, France Dr. Leen Van Ginkel Wageningen University, RIKILT, Wageningen, The Netherlands Prof. dr. Myriam Hesta Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium This work was funded by the Fédération Nationale des Courses Françaises (via the Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques) and executed at the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke). The author and the promoter give the authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. “The universe is full of magic, Just patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper” TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I – General Introduction 1 1. Steroids 3 1.1 Chemical structure 1.2 (Steroid) hormones and their role in the endocrine system 1.3 Biosynthesis of steroid hormones 1.4 Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) 1.5 Synthesis and absorption of the steroid precursor cholesterol 2. -
Criteria to Indicate Testosterone Administration
Br. J. Sp. Med; Vol 24, No. 4 Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.24.4.253 on 1 December 1990. Downloaded from Criteria to indicate testosterone administration A.T. Kicman1, R.V. Brooks2, S.C. Collyere, D.A. Cowan', M.N. Nanjee2, G.J. Southan2 and M.J. Wheelee 'Drug Control and Teaching Centre, King's College, London University 2Department of Chemical Pathology, UMDS, London University A detection method for testosterone administration was was found to increase after an intramuscular injection developed using radioimmunoassay to measure the of testosterone heptanoate in all ten normal males, urinary ratios of testosterone (T) to epitestosterone (E) and although there was an overlap between the basal to luteinizing hormone (LH). A comparative study of the range and that obtained three days after injection. effect on these ratios of a single intramuscular injection of testosterone heptanoate followed by stimulation with The method used was radioimmunoassay as protein human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in three normal hormones cannot be measured by gas liquid chroma- men was undertaken. To allow immediate investigation, a tography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). commercially supplied epitestosterone antiserum was In 1983, the International Olympic Committee used. This study showed that both T/E and T/LH ratios (IOC) adopted the ratio of urinary testosterone to could be used to detect testosterone administration, the epitestosterone (T/E) as the sole test for testosterone latter also being an indicator of HCG use due to doping as both these hormones could be convenient- cross-reactivity with the LH antiserum. Subsequently, an ly measured by GLC-MS. -
(200731) Hypromellose Phthalate (220824) Ibudilast
21222122 Infrared Reference Spectra JP XVII Hypromellose Phthalate (200731) Hypromellose Phthalate (220824) Ibudilast The JP Drugs are to be tested according to the provisions given in the pertinent monographs, General Notices, General Rules for Crude Drugs, General Rules for Preparations, and General Tests for their conformity to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. (See the General Notices 5.) JP XVII Infrared Reference Spectra 21232123 Ibuprofen Ibuprofen Piconol Ifenprodil Tartrate The JP Drugs are to be tested according to the provisions given in the pertinent monographs, General Notices, General Rules for Crude Drugs, General Rules for Preparations, and General Tests for their conformity to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. (See the General Notices 5.) 21242124 Infrared Reference Spectra JP XVII Imidapril Hydrochloride Imipenem Hydrate Indapamide The JP Drugs are to be tested according to the provisions given in the pertinent monographs, General Notices, General Rules for Crude Drugs, General Rules for Preparations, and General Tests for their conformity to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. (See the General Notices 5.) JP XVII Infrared Reference Spectra 21252125 Indenolol Hydrochloride Indometacin Iohexol The JP Drugs are to be tested according to the provisions given in the pertinent monographs, General Notices, General Rules for Crude Drugs, General Rules for Preparations, and General Tests for their conformity to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. (See the General Notices 5.) 21262126 Infrared Reference Spectra JP XVII Iopamidol Iotalamic Acid Iotroxic Acid The JP Drugs are to be tested according to the provisions given in the pertinent monographs, General Notices, General Rules for Crude Drugs, General Rules for Preparations, and General Tests for their conformity to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. -
169 2016 Interim Meeting Science and Public Health - 1
169 2016 Interim Meeting Science and Public Health - 1 REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH The following reports, 1–4, were presented by S. Bobby Mukkamala, MD, Chair: 1. URINE DRUG TESTING Reference committee hearing: see report of Reference Committee K. HOUSE ACTION: RECOMMENDATIONS ADOPTED AS FOLLOWS REMAINDER OF REPORT FILED See Policies H-95.985 and D-120.936 INTRODUCTION Over the past two decades, the rate of opioid prescribing, especially for patients with chronic non-cancer pain, has increased dramatically. It is estimated that between 9.6 and 11.5 million Americans are currently being prescribed long-term opioid therapy.1 The overall increase in prescribing has been associated with a parallel increase in unintentional overdoses and deaths from prescription opioids.2 In 2014, a total of 47,055 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States; 61% of these involved some type of opioid, including heroin. Overdose deaths from heroin have quadrupled in recent years, and the majority of past year users of heroin report they used opioids in a nonmedical fashion prior to heroin initiation; hence, the availability of pharmaceutical opioids is relevant to the national heroin use and overdose death epidemics. In the most recent available report, benzodiazepines were involved in 31% of the opioid-related overdoses.3 Despite clinical recommendations to the contrary, the rate of opioid and benzodiazepine co-prescribing also continues to rise.3-5 Identifying patients at risk for drug misuse is a challenge. There is no definitive way for physicians to predict which of their patients will develop misuse problems with controlled substances. -
A10 Anabolic Steroids Hardcore Info
CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 3 Anabolic steroids – What are they? 4 How do they Work? – Aromatisation 5 More molecules – More problems 6 The side effects of anabolic steroids 7 Women and anabolic steroids 8 Injecting steroids 9 Abscesses – Needle Exchanges 10 Intramuscular injection 11 Injection sites 12 Oral steroids – Cycles – Stacking 13 Diet 14 Where do steroids come from? Spotting a counterfeit 15 Drug Information – Drug dosage STEROIDS 16 Anadrol – Andriol 17 Anavar – Deca-Durabolin 18 Dynabolon – Durabolin – Dianabol 19 Esiclene – Equipoise 20 Primobolan Depot – Proviron – Primobolan orals – Pronobol 21 Sustanon – Stromba, Strombaject – Testosterone Cypionate Testosterone Enanthate 22 Testosterone Propionate – Testosterone Suspension 23 Trenbolone Acetate – Winstrol OTHER DRUGS 24 Aldactone – Arimidex 25 Clenbuterol – Cytomel 26 Ephedrine Hydrochloride – GHB 27 Growth Hormone 28 Insulin 30 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 – Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin 31 Tamoxifen – Nubain – Recreational Drugs 32 Steroids and the Law 34 Glossary ANABOLIC STEROIDS People use anabolic steroids for various reasons, some use them to build muscle for their job, others just want to look good and some use them to help them in sport or body building. Whatever the reason, care needs to be taken so that as little harm is done to the body as possible because despite having muscle building effects they also have serious side effects especially when used incorrectly. WHAT ARE THEY? Anabolic steroids are man made versions of the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is the chemical in men responsible for facial hair, deepening of the voice and sex organ development, basically the masculine things Steroids are in a man. used in medicine to treat anaemia, muscle weakness after These masculine effects surgery etc, vascular are called the androgenic disorders and effects of testosterone. -
2010 Prohibited List
The World Anti-Doping Code THE 2010 PROHIBITED LIST INTERNATIONAL STANDARD The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail. This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2010 The Prohibited List 2010 19 September 2009 THE 2010 PROHIBITED LIST WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE Valid 1 January 2010 All Prohibited Substances shall be considered as “Specified Substances” except Substances in classes S1, S2.1 to S2.5, S.4.4 and S6.a, and Prohibited Methods M1, M2 and M3. SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES S1. ANABOLIC AGENTS Anabolic agents are prohibited. 1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) a. Exogenous* AAS, including: 1-androstendiol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol ); 1-androstendione (5α- androst-1-ene-3,17-dione); bolandiol (19-norandrostenediol); bolasterone; boldenone; boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione); calusterone; clostebol; danazol (17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxyandrost-4-eno[2,3-d]isoxazole); dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta- 1,4-dien-3-one); desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en- 17β-ol); drostanolone; ethylestrenol (19-nor-17α-pregn-4-en-17-ol); fluoxymesterone; formebolone; furazabol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α- androstano[2,3-c]-furazan); gestrinone; 4-hydroxytestosterone (4,17β- dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one); mestanolone; mesterolone; metenolone; methandienone -
The Metabolism of Anabolic Agents in the Racing Greyhound
The Metabolism of Anabolic Agents In the Racing Greyhound A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mr. Keith Robert Williams, B.Sc. July 1999 Department of Forensic Medicine & Science University of Glasgow Copyright © 1999 by Keith R. Williams. All rights reserved. No part o f this thesis may be reproduced in any forms or by any means without the written permission o f the author. I ProQuest Number: 13833925 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13833925 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 GLASGOW UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 111-X (coK To my parents for all their help, support and encouragement i Table of Contents i List of Figures V List of Tables VIII Summary IX Chapter 1: Drugs in Sport ...............................................................................................................................1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. -
Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites
PHARMACEUTICAL AND VETERINARY COMPOUNDS AND METABOLITES High quality reference materials for analytical testing of pharmaceutical and veterinary compounds and metabolites. lgcstandards.com/drehrenstorfer [email protected] LGC Quality | ISO 17034 | ISO/IEC 17025 | ISO 9001 PHARMACEUTICAL AND VETERINARY COMPOUNDS AND METABOLITES What you need to know Pharmaceutical and veterinary medicines are essential for To facilitate the fair trade of food, and to ensure a consistent human and animal welfare, but their use can leave residues and evidence-based approach to consumer protection across in both the food chain and the environment. In a 2019 survey the globe, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (“Codex”) was of EU member states, the European Food Safety Authority established in 1963. Codex is a joint agency of the FAO (Food (EFSA) found that the number one food safety concern was and Agriculture Office of the United Nations) and the WHO the misuse of antibiotics, hormones and steroids in farm (World Health Organisation). It is responsible for producing animals. This is, in part, related to the issue of growing antibiotic and maintaining the Codex Alimentarius: a compendium of resistance in humans as a result of their potential overuse in standards, guidelines and codes of practice relating to food animals. This level of concern and increasing awareness of safety. The legal framework for the authorisation, distribution the risks associated with veterinary residues entering the food and control of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VMPs) varies chain has led to many regulatory bodies increasing surveillance from country to country, but certain common principles activities for pharmaceutical and veterinary residues in food and apply which are described in the Codex guidelines. -
159 Misuse of Drugs (Controlled Drugs) Order 2001
MISUSE OF DRUGS (CONTROLLED DRUGS) ORDER 2001 BR 37/2001 MISUSE OF DRUGS ACT 1972 1972 : 159 MISUSE OF DRUGS (CONTROLLED DRUGS) ORDER 2001 The Minister of Health and Family Services, in exercise of the powers conferred on him by section 3(2) of the Misuse Of Drugs Act 1972, makes the following Order: Citation 1 This Order may be cited as the Misuse Of Drugs (Controlled Drugs) Order 2001. Amendment of Schedule 2 to Act No. 159 of 1972 2 Part I of Schedule 2 to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1972 is deleted and the new Part I set forth in the Schedule to this Order is substituted. Commencement 3 This Order commences on 1st August, 2001. SCHEDULE 2 (paragraph 2) PART I 1. The following substances and products, namely:- (a) ACETORPHINE ACETYLDIHYDROCODEINE ALFENTANIL ALLYLPRODINE ALPHACETYLMETHADOL 1989 Revision 1 MISUSE OF DRUGS (CONTROLLED DRUGS) ORDER 2001 ALPHAMEPRODINE ALPHAMETHADOL ALPHAPRODINE ALPRAZOLAM AMPHETAMINE ANILERIDINE ATAMESTANE BENZETHIDINE BENZPHETAMINE BENZYLMORPHINE (3-Benzylmorphine) BETACETYLMETHADOL BETAMEPRODINE BETAMETHADOL BETAPRODINE BEZITRAMIDE BOLANDIOL BOLASTERONE BOLAZINE BOLDENONE BOLENOL BOLMANTALATE BROMAZEPAM BUFOTENINE BUPRENORPHINE CALUUSTERONE CAMAZEPAM CANNABINOL DERIVATIVES CANNABINOL except where contained in Cannabis or Cannabis resin CANNABIS AND CANNABIS RESIN CARFENTANIL CATHINE CATHINONE CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE CHLORPHENTERMINE 4-CHLOROMETHANDIENONE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (HCG) and NON-HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN CLENBUTEROL CLOBAZAM CLONAZEPAM CLONITAZENE CLORAZEPIC ACID CLOSTEBOL 2 1989 Revision MISUSE