DOCSLIB.ORG

Injuries in Rugby League: Incidence, Influences, Tackles and Return to Play Decisions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Injuries in Rugby League: Incidence, Influences, Tackles and Return to Play Decisions INJURIES IN RUGBY LEAGUE: INCIDENCE, INFLUENCES, TACKLES AND RETURN TO PLAY DECISIONS Douglas Alistair King A thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2010 School of Sport and Recreation Primary Supervisor - Professor Patria Hume 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .........................................................................................................................2 List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................9 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. 10 Attestation of authorship ........................................................................................................... 16 Candidate contributions to co-authored papers ...................................................................... 17 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 19 Ethics ...................................................................................................................................... 20 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Personal View ............................................................................................................................. 22 Research publications resulting from this Doctoral Thesis ................................................... 30 Chapter 1: Introduction and rationalisation (Preface) ............................................................. 35 Chapter 2: Match and training injuries in rugby league: A review of published studies ...... 41 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 41 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 42 Aim ............................................................................................................................. 43 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 43 Findings ................................................................................................................................ 43 Injury definitions for rugby league ............................................................................... 45 Definition of injury exposure and injury rate for rugby league ..................................... 47 Definition of injury severity for rugby league ............................................................... 52 Classification of injury site and injury type for rugby league ........................................ 53 Match versus training rugby league injuries .......................................................................... 54 Injury rates for rugby league matches and training ..................................................... 54 Incidence of severe injuries in rugby league matches and training ............................. 55 Site and type of rugby league injuries during matches and training ............................ 56 Cause of rugby league injuries during matches and training ...................................... 58 Type of player injured during matches and training - Forwards versus backs ............ 59 Time of injury during matches and training ................................................................. 60 Seasonal variations for match and training injuries ..................................................... 60 2 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 3: A review of the physiological and anthropometrical characteristics of rugby league players ............................................................................................................. 64 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 64 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 64 Rationale for review .................................................................................................... 65 Objective ............................................................................................................................... 66 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 66 Findings ................................................................................................................................ 66 Body composition ....................................................................................................... 66 Anaerobic endurance .................................................................................................. 68 Maximal aerobic power ............................................................................................... 69 Speed and sprint ability .............................................................................................. 71 Agility .......................................................................................................................... 73 Muscular strength and power...................................................................................... 75 Changes over a season .............................................................................................. 77 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 78 Chapter 4: Rugby league injuries in New Zealand: A review of eight years of Accident Compensation Corporation injury entitlement claims and costs ........................... 79 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 79 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 80 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 81 Ethical consent ........................................................................................................... 82 Statistical analyses ..................................................................................................... 84 Results .................................................................................................................................. 84 Total injury entitlement claims and costs by district .................................................... 86 Total injury entitlement claims and costs by injury site ............................................... 86 Total injury entitlement claims and costs by injury type .............................................. 90 Total injury entitlement claims and costs by age and gender ...................................... 90 Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 91 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................... 95 3 Chapter 5: Rugby league injuries in New Zealand: Variations in injury claims and costs by ethnicity, gender, age, district, body site, injury type and occupation .................. 97 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 97 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 98 Data limitations ........................................................................................................... 99 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 99 Ethical consent ......................................................................................................... 102 Statistical analyses ................................................................................................... 102 Results ................................................................................................................................ 102 Total injury claims by district and ethnicity ................................................................ 105 Total injury claims by injury type and ethnicity .......................................................... 105 Total injury claims by injury site and ethnicity ........................................................... 105 Total injury claims by occupation and ethnicity ......................................................... 109 Total injury claims by gender and ethnicity ............................................................... 109 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 112 Conclusions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2018-19 Annual Report
    2018-19 ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS Chairman's Report 2 Remote Projects 16 CEO's Report 3 Michael Long Learning & Leadership Centre 18 Directors 5 Facilities 19 Executive Team & Staff 7 Talent 20 Strategy 9 Commercial & Marketing 22 Community Football 10 Communications & Digital 26 Game Development 14 Financial Report 28 AFLNT 2018-19 Annual Report Ross Coburn CHAIRMAN'S REPORT Welcome to the 2019 AFLNT Annual Report. Thank you to the NT Government for their As Chairman I would like to take this continued belief and support of these opportunity to highlight some of the major games and to the AFL for recognising that items for the year. our game is truly an Australian-wide sport. It has certainly been a mixed year with We continue to grow our game with positive achievements in so many areas with participation growth (up 9%) and have some difficult decisions being made and achieved 100% growth in participants enacted. This in particular relates to the learning and being active in programs discontinuance of the Thunder NEAFL men’s provided through the MLLLC. In times and VFL women’s teams. This has been met when we all understand things are not at with varying opinions on the future their best throughout the Territory it is outcomes and benefits such a decision will pleasing to see that our great game of AFL bring. It is strongly believed that in tune with still ties us altogether with all Territorians the overall AFLNT Strategic Plan pathways, provided with the opportunities to this year's decisions will allow for greater participate in some shape or form.
    [Show full text]
  • National Rugby League Lawn Bowls National Rugby League
    SELECTIONS ~UNIQUE COFFINS ~ Celebrating through a beautiful funeral life 1 EXPRESSIONS COFFINS - $2290 EXPRESSIONS COFFINS - $2290 Gerbera Flowers Frangipani Flowers Gerbera Flowers Frangipani Flowers Pink Blossom Pink Blossom Succulents of Colour ashtonmanufacturing.com.au ashtonmanufacturing.com.au Pink Roses Mixed Flowers Pink Roses ashtonmanufacturing.com.au 2 Expressions Coffins Expressions Coffins 3 ashtonmanufacturing.com.au EXPRESSIONS COFFINS - $2290 EXPRESSIONS COFFINS - $2290 White Rose Golden Sunflower White Roses Golden Sunflower Pink & Purple Roses Sunflowers Blooming ashtonmanufacturing.com.au ashtonmanufacturing.com.au Red Roses Red Roses Rainbow Lorikeets 4 Expressions Coffins Expressions Coffins 5 ashtonmanufacturing.com.au EXPRESSIONS COFFINS - $2290 EXPRESSIONS COFFINS - $2290 Doves Released Leopard Print Doves Released Leopard Print Butterfly Migration Love Hearts Butterfly Migration Love Hearts ashtonmanufacturing.com.au ashtonmanufacturing.com.au Cloudy Sky Jelly Beans Cloudy Sky Jelly Beans ashtonmanufacturing.com.au ashtonmanufacturing.com.au 6 Expressions Coffins Expressions Coffins 7 ashtonmanufacturing.com.au ashtonmanufacturing.com.au EXPRESSIONS COFFINS - $2290 EXPRESSIONS COFFINS - $2290 Red Wood Green Tractor Red Wood Green Tractor Checker Plate Red Tractor Checker Plate Red Tractor ashtonmanufacturing.com.au ashtonmanufacturing.com.au Wheat Harvest Corrugated Iron Wheat Harvest ashtonmanufacturing.com.au ashtonmanufacturing.com.au 8 Expressions Coffins Expressions Coffins 9 ashtonmanufacturing.com.au
    [Show full text]
  • University of Auckland Research Repository, Researchspace
    Libraries and Learning Services University of Auckland Research Repository, ResearchSpace Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: • Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. • Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognize the author's right to be identified as the author of this thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. • You will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from their thesis. General copyright and disclaimer In addition to the above conditions, authors give their consent for the digital copy of their work to be used subject to the conditions specified on the Library Thesis Consent Form and Deposit Licence. Sauerkraut and Salt Water: The German-Tongan Diaspora Since 1932 Kasia Renae Cook A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in German, the University of Auckland, 2017. Abstract This is a study of individuals of German-Tongan descent living around the world. Taking as its starting point the period where Germans in Tonga (2014) left off, it examines the family histories, self-conceptions of identity, and connectedness to Germany of twenty-seven individuals living in New Zealand, the United States, Europe, and Tonga, who all have German- Tongan ancestry.
    [Show full text]
  • Year 7 and Year 8, 2020 Elective Subjects Handbook
    Our Future, Our Learning Year 7 and Year 8, 2020 Elective Subjects Handbook Armidale Secondary College Crest Road, PO Box 751 Telephone: 02 6772 1266 Armidale NSW 2350 Fax: 02 6771 1766 Website: https://armidale-s.schools.nsw.gov.au Email: [email protected] SUBJECTS STUDIED IN YEAR 7 ENGLISH 6 periods per 2-week cycle MATHEMATICS 6 periods per cycle SCIENCE 6 periods per cycle HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY 5 periods per cycle; 1 subject studied in each semester TECHNOLOGY MANDATORY 5 periods per cycle VISUAL ARTS 3 periods per cycle MUSIC 3 periods per cycle PD/HEALTH 2 periods per cycle ELECTIVE 4 periods per cycle 1 studied in each semester Integrated PE/SPORT 4 periods per cycle SRE 1 period per cycle SUBJECTS STUDIED IN YEAR 8 ENGLISH 6 periods per 2-week cycle MATHEMATICS 6 periods per cycle SCIENCE 6 periods per cycle HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY 5 periods per cycle; 1 subject studied in each semester TECHNOLOGY MANDATORY 5 periods per cycle LANGUAGES 5 periods per cycle VISUAL ARTS 2 periods per cycle MUSIC 2 periods per cycle PD/HEALTH/PE 3 periods per cycle ELECTIVE 4 periods per cycle 1 studied in each semester SPORT 2 periods per cycle SRE 1 period per cycle Armidale Secondary College – Years 7 & 8 ELECTIVES The elective program at Armidale Secondary College for Year 7 and 8 students is unique. Very few schools offer electives to students in these years. As a school, we want students to have as many learning experiences as they can in the areas in which they are interested or have a particular talent.
    [Show full text]
  • Blackbird Case Study NRL Copy
    CASE STUDY Australian National Rugby League turns to Blackbird to drive brand reach, engagement and monetization Australia’s National Rugby League (NRL) is the most viewed and attended rugby league club competition in the world. 16 professional men’s rugby teams, including the enormously popular Sydney Roosters, Melbourne Storm and Brisbane Broncos, compete annually for the prestigious Telstra Premiership title. With the phasing out of SnappyTV, the NRL sought an alternative cloud video editing platform that could continue to significantly build the sport’s brand and reach by delivering engaging content to multiple platforms faster than any other solution on the market. After extensive research into available systems, the NRL chose Blackbird. Every weekend, live streams of the 8 games are run through the Microsoft Azure cloud from the NRL’s content partners’ production locations. Based in Sydney, the NRL’s digital team use Blackbird to rapidly clip, edit and publish highlights during and post-match to Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. Clips can be delivered to social platforms within 30 seconds – with emojis added and players and sponsors tagged for further engagement and reach. Idents, overlaid stills and animations and sponsor logos are easily added with geo and playback restrictions implemented to support international rights control. www.blackbird.video CONTINUED 800,000 fans globally with an NRL Watch account can enjoy premium video on-demand (VOD) content consisting of longer form match highlights, player interviews and behind the scenes content – all edited in Blackbird. With a cumulative TV audience of 116 million and over 2.9 million <30 Seconds fans regularly engaging with the sport on social media, the NRL clip from live game to social exceeded Australian Rules Football in popularity last year for the first time since 2010, boasting revenues of over $500m.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Game-Play Characteristics Differ Between the European Super League and National Rugby League
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Leeds Beckett Repository Game-play characteristics differ between the European Super League and National Rugby League: Implications for coaching and talent recruitment Woods T. Carl1*, Leicht S. Anthony1, Jones Ben2,3, Till Kevin2 Original Article 1Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia 2Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom 3The Rugby Football League, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom *Corresponding Author Carl Woods, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Ph: +61 08 4781 6550 Mob: +61 421254329 Email: [email protected] Running Title: Performance comparisons between ESL and NRL Word Count: 2776 Abstract Word Count: 231 Number of Tables: 2 Number of Figures: 1 1 Abstract Objectives: To compare the game-play characteristics between the European Super League (ESL) and the National Rugby League (NRL) competitions. Methods: Eleven team performance indicators were extracted from each match played by every ESL and NRL team over their respective 2016 season. Data was averaged, classified according to competition (Two levels: ESL and NRL), and modelled using univariate and multivariate techniques. Specifically, effect size statistics enabled between group comparisons, while non-metric multidimensional scaling enabled multivariate insights into competition dissimilarity. Results: Seven of the 11 performance indicators showed ‘large’ to ‘very large’ effects. Notably, NRL game-play generated fewer ‘line breaks’, ‘errors’, ‘tackles’ and ‘dummy half runs’ relative to ESL game-play (d >1.2). Despite the NRL generating fewer ‘all runs’ (d = 1.27 [0.57-1.95]), game-play in this competition generated greater ‘all run distances’ relative to the ESL (d = 1.78 [1.02-2.51]).
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Outreach Program – Tonga Program Evaluation Research Report Report Prepared for the National Rugby League (NRL) July 2017 2 Centre for Sport and Social Impact
    Centre for Sport and Social Impact Pacific Outreach Program – Tonga Program Evaluation Research Report Report prepared for the National Rugby League (NRL) July 2017 2 Centre for Sport and Social Impact Acknowledgements We wish to thank the Pacific Outreach Program stakeholders, including representatives from organisations and relevant government departments in sport, education and community development contexts, who gave their time to participate in the interviews. The assistance of staff at the NRL is gratefully acknowledged. Project team Associate Professor Emma Sherry (PhD) Dr Nico Schulenkorf (PhD) Dr Emma Seal (PhD) June 2017 For further information Associate Professor Emma Sherry Centre for Sport and Social Impact La Trobe University Victoria 3086 Australia T +61 3 9479 1343 E [email protected] Pacific Outreach Program – Tonga Program Evaluation Research Report 3 Contents Executive Summary 5 1.0 Introduction 6 1.1 The Pacific Outreach Program 6 1.2 Sport-for-Development Approaches 6 1.3 Report Outline 8 2.0 Method 9 2.1 Research Aims 9 2.2 Data Collection 9 2.3 Data Analysis 9 3.0 State of Play: Contextual Factors Influencing Sport-For-Development in Tonga 12 3.1 Macro Level Factors – Broad Context 12 3.2 Meso Level Factors – Operating Environment 13 3.3 Micro Level – Internal Operations 13 4.0 Pacific Outreach Program Progress and Stakeholder Ideas for Future Development 15 4.1 Progress Achieved 15 4.2 Areas for Development 22 5.0 Summary and Concluding Comments 30 References 33 4 Centre for Sport and Social Impact Pacific Outreach Program – Tonga Program Evaluation Research Report 5 Executive Summary Program Background: The NRL’s Pacific Outreach Program is a three-way partnership between the Australian Government (represented by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, DFAT), the Government in Tonga, and the Australian Rugby League Commission (represented by the NRL).
    [Show full text]
  • Diasporic Belonging, Masculine Identity and Sports: How Rugby League Affects the Perceptions and Practices of Pasifika Peoples in Australia
    Diasporic Belonging, Masculine Identity and Sports: How rugby league affects the perceptions and practices of Pasifika peoples in Australia A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Gina Louise Hawkes BA (Hons) University of Sydney School of Global Urban and Social Studies College of Design and Social Context RMIT University April 2019 i I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed. I acknowledge the support I have received for my research through the provision of an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Gina Hawkes 11/04/19 ii Acknowledgements To RMIT University for accepting and funding me and to all the staff who helped along the way, thank you. To my family and friends who have endured me, encouraged me, questioned me, and lifted me up when I needed it most, you are the light in my life. I want to particularly give thanks to Ashleigh Wardell, Frances Morrice, Megan Donker, Lara Williams and Mark Ashmore for being my ride or dies. To Sophia Hanover, Rob Larsen, Sam Burkley and Anoushka Klaus, thank you for always welcoming me into your homes on my numerous visits to Melbourne.
    [Show full text]
  • National Coaches Conference 2018 PROGRAM 2 NRL National Coaches Conference Program 2018 3 NRL National Coaches Conference Program 2018
    National Coaches Conference 2018 PROGRAM 2 NRL National Coaches Conference Program 2018 3 NRL National Coaches Conference Program 2018 National Coaches Conference Program NRL Welcome 4 NRL National Coaches Conference Program 2018 National Coaches Conference Program NRL Welcome Luke Ellis Head of Participation, Pathways & Game Development Welcome to the 2018 NRL National Coaching Conference, the largest coach development event on the calendar. In the room, there are coaches working with our youngest participants right through to our development pathways and elite level players. Each of you play an equally significant role in the development and future of the players in your care, on and off the field. Over the weekend, you will get the opportunity to hear from some remarkable people who have made a career out of Rugby League and sport in general. I urge you to listen, learn, contribute and enjoy each of the workshops. You will also have a fantastic opportunity to network and share your knowledge with coaches from across the nation and overseas. Coaches are the major influencer on long- term participation and enjoyment of every player involved in Rugby League. As a coach, it is our job to create a positive environment where the players can have fun, enjoy time with their friends, develop their skills, and become better people. Coaches at every level of the game, should be aiming to improve the CONFIDENCE, CHARACTER, COMPETENCE and CONNECTIONS with our players. Remember… It’s not just what you coach… It’s HOW you coach. Enjoy the weekend, Luke Ellis 5 NRL National Coaches Conference Program 2018 National Coaches Conference Program NRL Andrew Voss Event MC Now referred to as a media veteran in rugby league circles, Andrew is a sport and news presenter, commentator, writer and author.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Disability Rugby League
    PHYSICAL DISABILITY RUGBY LEAGUE SECTION 1 - Playing Field Games of Physical Disability Rugby League shall be played on a field surfaced exclusively with grass. The dimensions of the playing field will be smaller than a regulation-sized field and shall be approximately 50 metres in width and 100 metres in length with, then, an 8 metre in-goal area at both ends of the field. The playing field’s width shall be positioned 10 metres inwards from the touch lines of a regulatory field – on both sides of the field. SECTION 2 - Glossary All terms applicable to the International Laws of Rugby League apply to Physical Disability Rugby League. SECTION 3 - Ball SIZE 4 SECTION 4 – The Players and Players Equipment Player Eligibility for Registration: Diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy (Classifications C6, C7 or C8) excluding those with Quadriplegia.; Upper & / Lower amputees or limb deficiency Acquired Brain injury (suffered a stroke or traumatic brain injury) Muscular atrophy diseases Others as specified from time to time by the Governing Committee. Team and Squad Composition Each squad will consist of thirteen (13) players with each team permitted nine (9) players on the field at any one time. A minimum of seven (7) players must be present on the field for a game to proceed/continue. The nine (9) players on each team will consist of seven (7) players with a physical disability and two (2) “able bodied” [adult] players who do not have physical disabilities. Of the seven (7) players with a disability, five (5) players will wear black shorts and two (2 ONLY) will wear red shorts.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Football from FIFA.Com • the Origins • Britain, the Home Of
    The History of Football from FIFA.com • The Origins • Britain, the home of Football • Opposition to the game • The Global Growth The Origins The contemporary history of the world's favorite game spans more than 100 years. It all began in 1863 in England, when rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses and the Football Association in England was formed - becoming the sport's first governing body. Both codes stemmed from a common root and both have a long and intricately branched ancestral tree. A search down the centuries reveals at least half a dozen different games, varying to different degrees, and to which the historical development of football has been traced back. Whether this can be justified in some instances is disputable. Nevertheless, the fact remains that people have enjoyed kicking a ball about for thousands of years and there is absolutely no reason to consider it an aberration of the more 'natural' form of playing a ball with the hands. On the contrary, apart from the need to employ the legs and feet in tough tussles for the ball, often without any laws for protection, it was recognized right at the outset that the art of controlling the ball with the feet was not easy and, as such, required no small measure of skill. The very earliest form of the game for which there is scientific evidence was an exercise from a military manual dating back to the second and third centuries BC in China. This Han Dynasty forebear of football was called Tsu' Chu and it consisted of kicking a leather ball filled with feathers and hair through an opening, measuring only 30-40cm in width, into a small net fixed onto long bamboo canes.
    [Show full text]
  • Junior Rugby League Laws: 8-12 Years Official 2020
    Junior Rugby League Laws: 8-12 Years Official 2020 playrugbyleague.com Junior Rugby League Laws: 6–12 Years First Edition 2017 Fourth Edition 2020 The “Pathways Review”, initiated in 2010, included representation from a broad cross-section of the Rugby League Community in developing a blueprint for future game modelling. The NRL Education, Training and Research Team promoted trials and engaged researchers from Sydney University to assess trial data to provide a basis for any possible modelling into the future. Original law books for the “modified games” First Published 1981 – as ‘Mini Footy – A Game of Rugby League for Youngsters’ designed and developed by Peter D. Corcoran OAM. Subsequently reprinted in this form in 1982, 1983 and 1984 and then, in annual editions, in various forms, from 1985 – 2016. 2016 Publication Thirty Eighth Edition: “Laws of Modified Games” by Peter D. Corcoran OAM 2020 RUGBY LEAGUE PARTICIPATION - INTRODUCTION What I love most about Rugby League is that it is much more than a game. It is a place to express yourself, to have fun, stay healthy, make friends and be part of a community. Rugby League played a big part in my life from a young age, providing me with an opportunity to connect with my local community that no other sport could. That’s the beautiful power of this great game. Teammates can become lifetime friends. Your family, just fans in amongst the crowd and your local club another pleasant extension of your family. Central to my role as Chairman of the Australian Rugby League Commission (ARLC) is ensuring as many people of all ages and abilities enjoy themselves playing rugby league.
    [Show full text]