DOCSLIB.ORG

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases Review Articles POEMS SYNDROME: an Update Andrea Nozza Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Abstract. POEMS syndrome is a rare, chronic and disabling condition. The causes of this condition remain unknown; however, chronic overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines appears to be a major contributor. Early diagnosis is essential to start treatment before the clinical state of the patient becomes compromised. A complete evaluation of the disease at its onset is critical to the treatment decision. In localized disease, curative doses of radiation (50 Gy) is the recommended therapy. On the other hand, patients with disseminated disease should be given systemic therapy. Treatment-related morbidity can be minimized by an efficient induction therapy that modifies the cytokine status, improving clinical condition and control disease severity before mobilization and transplantation. Patients not suitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are usually treated with alkylator-based therapy. Novel agents may also offer benefits to patients with a poor performance status or renal dysfunction, and induce transplantation eligibility. Given the biological characteristics of POEMS, immunomodulatory effects and the absence of neurotoxicity, lenalidomide appears to be an effective therapy for the treatment of POEMS, both as short induction therapy before PBSCT and in non-transplant eligible patients, as it showed high response rate and durable responses. At present, however, guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of POEMS are not available and appear advocated. Keywords: POEMS, Plasma Cell Dyscrasia, Osteosclerosis, Neuropathy. Citation: Nozza A. POEMS SYNDROME: an Update. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2017, 9(1): e2017051, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/MJHID.2017.051 Published: September 1, 2017 Received: May 26, 2017 Accepted: August 5, 2017 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Correspondence to: Andrea Nozza. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction. POEMS syndrome is a ascites and effusions, pulmonary hypertension, multisystemic disease secondary to a plasma cell Castleman' disease (CD), thrombocytosis and dyscrasia. POEMS is an acronym for a range of erythrocytosis, and increased of serum vascular distinct features [peripheral neuropathy (P), endothelial growth factor (VEGF).1,2 POEMS organomegaly (O), endocrinopathy (E) SYNDROME has also been called osteosclerotic monoclonal plasma-cells proliferative disorder myeloma, Crow-Fukase syndrome, PEP syndrome (M) and skin changes (S)], even if the diagnosis (plasma cell dyscrasia, endocrinopathy, does not require that all these symptoms are polyneuropathy), or Takatsuki syndrome. POEMS present. Furthermore, many others clinical signs syndrome is a rare disease, but it is often under- are not included in the definition of POEMS, such recognized. as sclerotic bone lesions, papilledema, edema www.mjhid.org Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2017; 9; e2017051 Pag. 1 / 13 The primary clinical features of this syndrome mutations of the V-region of the Ig lambda gene is a progressive polyneuropathy with a could produce excess cytokines (primarily, VEGF) predominant motor disability. The disease is through an yet undiscovered mechanism, leading potentially fatal, and patient’s quality of life to the clinical manifestations of POEMS.8 deteriorates due to a progressive neuropathy, massive peripheral edema, pleural effusion, and Diagnostic Criteria. POEMS syndrome is a rare ascites. Serious complications such as multiorgan disease, with diverse clinical manifestations, failure due to capillary leak syndrome, restrictive which lead the patient on a diagnostic “Odyssey” lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension result in across multiple specialists, without a correct and an adverse prognosis. definitive diagnosis. Moreover, the clinical Despite its seriousness, at present no guidelines features of POEMS widely differ from patient to or standardized criteria for the diagnosis and patient, and all symptoms are not always present. treatment of POEMS syndrome are available. This Therefore, patients may experience a delay in the narrative review provides an update of the current initiation of appropriate treatment. evidence on this condition. Literature research was Early diagnosis is critical to reduce the last updated in May 2017. morbidity rate and increase survival. However, the median time from onset of diagnosis is 13-18 Pathogenesis. Although significant progress has months.9 achieved in the diagnosis, management, and Diagnostic criteria for POEMS were first treatment of POEMS syndrome, its proposed in 200310 and were revised in 2007 after physiopathology remains unknown. Up-regulation the diagnostic relevance of VEGF level was of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth confirmed.11 In more details, clinical features have factors (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), been divided into mandatory criteria, major interleukin-1 (IL1), interleukin-6 (IL6) and above criteria, and minor criteria, in line with the all vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play indications of The International Myeloma a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the POEMS Working Group (Table 1).12 The presence of both syndrome, contributing to vascular leak and "mandatory criteria," at least one major criteria polyneuropathy.3-5 In particular, VEGF is and at least one minor criteria are needed for the markedly elevated in POEMS patients and diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. correlates with the activity of the disease. Unfortunately, VEGF inhibition with specific Mandatory Criteria. inhibitors (e.g., bevacizumab) did not result in an Polyneuropathy. Patients in the early stage of effective treatment thus suggesting that VEGF POEMS are frequently misdiagnosed with CIDP may be only one component of a much more (chronic inflammatory demyelinating complex cytokine network.6,7 It has also been polyneuropathy), as both conditions involve the proposed that clonal B/plasma cells with genetic peripheral nerves and may present with albumin- Table 1. Diagnosis criteria for POEMS syndrome. Mandatory criteria Polineuropathy Monoclonal plasmacells disorder Major criteria Osteosclerotic or mixed sclerotic/lytic lesions Castleman’s Disease Elevated serum or plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Minor criteria Organomegaly (splenomegaly, hepatomegaly or lymphadenopathy Vascular volume overload (peripheral edema, ascites, pleural effusion) Endocrinopathy (adrenal, thyroid, pituitary, gonadal,parathyroid, pancreatic disorders excluding diabetess mellitus and hypothyroidism) Skin changes (Hyperpigmentation, hypertricosis, glomeruloid hemangiomata, phletora, acrocyanosis, flushing, white nails) Papilledema Thrombocytosis, Polycitemia Others signs or Clubbing, weight loss, hyperhidrosis, pulmonary hypertension/restrictive lung disease, thrombotic diathesis, symptoms diarrhea, low B12 value www.mjhid.org Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2017; 9; e2017051 Pag. 2 / 13 cytologic dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid.13 translocations were more likely to exhibit Moreover, nerve conduction studies and papilledema. electrophysiological examination can be used to distinguish POEMS from other polyneuropathies Major Criteria. with more prominent sign of axonal degeneration Bone lesions. Osteosclerotic lesions are reported and more neurogenic injury in lower limbs approximately in 95% of patients11 even if several muscles.14,15 reports from China showed a lower rate of bone Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy are usually lesions (27-41%) which may suggest ethnic particularly evident, and consist in tingling, differences. 9,21 paresthesia, and coldness; motor involvement Bone lesions could be sclerotic, lytic with follows sensory symptoms. Cranial nerves are not sclerotic rims or mixed sclerotic/lytic lesions with involved except for papilledema. Severe weakness soup-bubble appearance. Lytic lesions without is frequently reported, and patients experience an sclerotic rims are uncommon. In about half of inability to climb stairs, rise from a chair or to patients, a single bone lesion is found, while in the hold a firm grip. Over time, muscle weakness others lesions are multiple. The pelvis, spine, ribs becomes more marked than the sensory loss. and proximal extremity are the most common sites Peripheral neuropathy is due to endothelial of bone lesions. Hypercalcemia is not usually injury, caused directly or indirectly by abnormal reported at diagnosis; bone pain and fractures are activation of endothelial cells by VEGF expressed sporadic. in the nerves.5 Imaging approaches used for evaluation of bone involvement in POEMS are simple skeletal Monoclonal plasma cells proliferative disorder. radiograph and computed tomography of bone. All patients have a monoclonal protein (M-protein, (Figure 1) Bone uptake in bone scintigraphy has lambda-type chain), which can be detected either been described, although false negatives are in serum and/or urine with immunofixation tests.8 possible.22,23 Lesions have variable FDG uptake, The concentration
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Increased Nuchal Translucency Precision Panel
    Increased Nuchal Translucency Precision Panel Overview Increased Nuchal Translucency (NT) is defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the nuchal area, which is visualized as a thickened sonolucent area. It is a standardized measure obtained between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation to calculate the risk of a fetus being affected by a chromosomal aneuploidy. NT>3.5mm has been found to be associated with fetal chromosomal abnormalities and single-gene disorders as well as cardiac defects and other structural abnormalities in euploid and aneuploid fetuses. Proportionally as NT increases, even with a normal karyotype, there is a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, intrauterine death, congenital heart defects and numerous other structural and genetic syndromes. There is not one single cause of increased NT, it is based on a complex and multifactorial process, linked to one or more embryonic processes. It has been shown that a persistently increased NT with a normal karyotype and aCGH has a 4-10% probability of being associated to Noonan Syndrome and/or other RASopathies using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). However, the general tendency following detection of isolated enlarged NT in an euploid fetus is that most babies with normal detailed ultrasound examination and echocardiography will have uneventful outcomes. The Igenomix Increased Nuchal Translucency Precision Panel can be used to make a directed and accurate prenatal differential diagnosis of increased nuchal translucency in patients with or without a normal karyotype ultimately leading to a better management and prognosis of the associated comorbidities. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in this disease using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to fully understand the spectrum of relevant genes involved.
    [Show full text]
  • POEMS Syndrome: an Atypical Presentation with Chronic Diarrhoea and Asthenia
    European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine POEMS Syndrome: an Atypical Presentation with Chronic Diarrhoea and Asthenia Joana Alves Vaz1, Lilia Frada2, Maria Manuela Soares1, Alberto Mello e Silva1 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Egas Moniz Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal 2 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Espirito Santo Hospital, Evora, Portugal Doi: 10.12890/2019_001241 - European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine - © EFIM 2019 Received: 28/07/2019 Accepted: 13/11/2019 Published: 16/12/2019 How to cite this article: Alves Vaz J, Frada L, Soares MM, Mello e Silva A. POEMS syndrome: an atypical presentation with chronic diarrhoea and astenia. EJCRIM 2019;7: doi:10.12890/2019_001241. Conflicts of Interests: The Authors declare that there are no competing interest This article is licensed under a Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 License ABSTRACT POEMS syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic condition associated with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, monoclonal gammopathy, endocrine and skin changes. We report a case of a man with Castleman disease and monoclonal gammopathy, with a history of chronic diarrhoea and asthenia. Gastrointestinal involvement in POEMS syndrome is not frequently referred to in the literature and its physiopathology is not fully understood. Diagnostic criteria were met during hospitalization but considering the patient’s overall health condition, therapeutic options were limited. Current treatment for POEMS syndrome depends on the management of the underlying plasma cell disorder. This report outlines the importance of a thorough review of systems and a physical examination to allow an attempted diagnosis and appropriate treatment. LEARNING POINTS • POEMS syndrome should be suspected in the presence of peripheral polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy; diagnostic workup is challenging and delay in treatment is very common.
    [Show full text]
  • Orphanet Report Series Rare Diseases Collection
    Marche des Maladies Rares – Alliance Maladies Rares Orphanet Report Series Rare Diseases collection DecemberOctober 2013 2009 List of rare diseases and synonyms Listed in alphabetical order www.orpha.net 20102206 Rare diseases listed in alphabetical order ORPHA ORPHA ORPHA Disease name Disease name Disease name Number Number Number 289157 1-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency 309127 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 228384 5q14.3 microdeletion syndrome deficiency 293948 1p21.3 microdeletion syndrome 314655 5q31.3 microdeletion syndrome 939 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria 1606 1p36 deletion syndrome 228415 5q35 microduplication syndrome 2616 3M syndrome 250989 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome 96125 6p subtelomeric deletion syndrome 2616 3-M syndrome 250994 1q21.1 microduplication syndrome 251046 6p22 microdeletion syndrome 293843 3MC syndrome 250999 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome 96125 6p25 microdeletion syndrome 6 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria 250999 1q41-q42 microdeletion syndrome 99135 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 67046 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1 deficiency 238769 1q44 microdeletion syndrome 111 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 2 13 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase 976 2,8 dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis deficiency 67047 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3 869 2A syndrome 75857 6q terminal deletion 67048 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4 79154 2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria 171829 6q16 deletion syndrome 66634 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 5 19 2-hydroxyglutaric acidemia 251056 6q25 microdeletion syndrome 352328 3-methylglutaconic
    [Show full text]
  • Orphanet Report Series Rare Diseases Collection
    Orphanet Report Series Rare Diseases collection January 2013 Disease Registries in Europe www.orpha.net 20102206 Table of contents Methodology 3 List of rare diseases that are covered by the listed registries 4 Summary 13 1- Distribution of registries by country 13 2- Distribution of registries by coverage 14 3- Distribution of registries by affiliation 14 Distribution of registries by country 15 European registries 38 International registries 41 Orphanet Report Series - Disease Registries in Europe - January 2013 2 http://www.orpha.net/orphacom/cahiers/docs/GB/Registries.pdf Methodology Patient registries and databases constitute key instruments to develop clinical research in the field of rare diseases (RD), to improve patient care and healthcare planning. They are the only way to pool data in order to achieve a sufficient sample size for epidemiological and/or clinical research. They are vital to assess the feasibility of clinical trials, to facilitate the planning of appropriate clinical trials and to support the enrolment of patients. Registries of patients treated with orphan drugs are particularly relevant as they allow the gathering of evidence on the effectiveness of the treatment and on its possible side effects, keeping in mind that marketing authorisation is usually granted at a time when evidence is still limited although already somewhat convincing. This report gather the information collected by Orphanet so far, regarding systematic collections of data for a specific disease or a group of diseases. Cancer registries are listed only if they belong to the network RARECARE or focus on a rare form of cancer. The report includes data about EU countries and surrounding countries participating to the Orphanet consortium.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Essentials of Dermatopathology Slide Library Handout Book
    2016 Essentials of Dermatopathology Slide Library Handout Book April 8-10, 2016 JW Marriott Houston Downtown Houston, TX USA CASE #01 -- SLIDE #01 Diagnosis: Nodular fasciitis Case Summary: 12 year old male with a rapidly growing temple mass. Present for 4 weeks. Nodular fasciitis is a self-limited pseudosarcomatous proliferation that may cause clinical alarm due to its rapid growth. It is most common in young adults but occurs across a wide age range. This lesion is typically 3-5 cm and composed of bland fibroblasts and myofibroblasts without significant cytologic atypia arranged in a loose storiform pattern with areas of extravasated red blood cells. Mitoses may be numerous, but atypical mitotic figures are absent. Nodular fasciitis is a benign process, and recurrence is very rare (1%). Recent work has shown that the MYH9-USP6 gene fusion is present in approximately 90% of cases, and molecular techniques to show USP6 gene rearrangement may be a helpful ancillary tool in difficult cases or on small biopsy samples. Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Enzinger and Weiss’s Soft Tissue Tumors, 5th edition. Mosby Elsevier. 2008. Erickson-Johnson MR, Chou MM, Evers BR, Roth CW, Seys AR, Jin L, Ye Y, Lau AW, Wang X, Oliveira AM. Nodular fasciitis: a novel model of transient neoplasia induced by MYH9-USP6 gene fusion. Lab Invest. 2011 Oct;91(10):1427-33. Amary MF, Ye H, Berisha F, Tirabosco R, Presneau N, Flanagan AM. Detection of USP6 gene rearrangement in nodular fasciitis: an important diagnostic tool. Virchows Arch. 2013 Jul;463(1):97-8. CONTRIBUTED BY KAREN FRITCHIE, MD 1 CASE #02 -- SLIDE #02 Diagnosis: Cellular fibrous histiocytoma Case Summary: 12 year old female with wrist mass.
    [Show full text]
  • Wednesday Slide Conference 2008-2009
    PROCEEDINGS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGY WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2008-2009 ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20306-6000 2009 ML2009 Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology WEDNESDAY SLIDE CONFERENCE 2008-2009 100 Cases 100 Histopathology Slides 249 Images PROCEEDINGS PREPARED BY: Todd Bell, DVM Chief Editor: Todd O. Johnson, DVM, Diplomate ACVP Copy Editor: Sean Hahn Layout and Copy Editor: Fran Card WSC Online Management and Design Scott Shaffer ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF PATHOLOGY Washington, D.C. 20306-6000 2009 ML2009 i PREFACE The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathology has conducted a weekly slide conference during the resident training year since 12 November 1953. This ever- changing educational endeavor has evolved into the annual Wednesday Slide Conference program in which cases are presented on 25 Wednesdays throughout the academic year and distributed to 135 contributing military and civilian institutions from around the world. Many of these institutions provide structured veterinary pathology resident training programs. During the course of the training year, histopathology slides, digital images, and histories from selected cases are distributed to the participating institutions and to the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the AFIP. Following the conferences, the case diagnoses, comments, and reference listings are posted online to all participants. This study set has been assembled in an effort to make Wednesday Slide Conference materials available to a wider circle of interested pathologists and scientists, and to further the education of veterinary pathologists and residents-in-training. The number of histopathology slides that can be reproduced from smaller lesions requires us to limit the number of participating institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Analysis Plan
    Cover Page for Statistical Analysis Plan Sponsor name: Novo Nordisk A/S NCT number NCT03061214 Sponsor trial ID: NN9535-4114 Official title of study: SUSTAINTM CHINA - Efficacy and safety of semaglutide once-weekly versus sitagliptin once-daily as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes Document date: 22 August 2019 Semaglutide s.c (Ozempic®) Date: 22 August 2019 Novo Nordisk Trial ID: NN9535-4114 Version: 1.0 CONFIDENTIAL Clinical Trial Report Status: Final Appendix 16.1.9 16.1.9 Documentation of statistical methods List of contents Statistical analysis plan...................................................................................................................... /LQN Statistical documentation................................................................................................................... /LQN Redacted VWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVSODQ Includes redaction of personal identifiable information only. Statistical Analysis Plan Date: 28 May 2019 Novo Nordisk Trial ID: NN9535-4114 Version: 1.0 CONFIDENTIAL UTN:U1111-1149-0432 Status: Final EudraCT No.:NA Page: 1 of 30 Statistical Analysis Plan Trial ID: NN9535-4114 Efficacy and safety of semaglutide once-weekly versus sitagliptin once-daily as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes Author Biostatistics Semaglutide s.c. This confidential document is the property of Novo Nordisk. No unpublished information contained herein may be disclosed without prior written approval from Novo Nordisk. Access to this document must be restricted to relevant parties.This
    [Show full text]
  • POEMS Syndrome Is Notknown
    UAMS Information on POEMS SYNDROME What is POEMS Syndrome? POEMS syndrome have an increased number of POEMS syndrome is a rare, multi-system blood plasma cells. disorder. Symptoms The acronym “POEMS” stands for: olyneuropathy is characterized by chronic, Pprogressive disease affecting the peripheral P – Polyneuropathy nervous system. The peripheral nervous system O – Organomegaly consists of the motor and sensory nerves that connect E – Endocrinopathy the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) M – Monoclonal protein to the rest of the body. Individuals with POEMS S – Skin changes syndrome experience numbness, tingling, feelings of coldness, and weakness, starting in the toes and feet and progressively working its way upwards. Over A diagnosis of POEMS is determined by the time, the hands can be affected. presence of a monoclonal plasma cell disorder, peripheral neuropathy, and one or more of the following: osteosclerotic bone lesions, organomegaly, rganomegaly refers to abnormal enlargement endocrinopathy, skin changes, increased levels of Oof the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Swelling, vascular endothelial growth factor, and swelling. especially of the lymph nodes, may be present. Biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes may reveal Castleman Disease (a rare disease of lymph nodes and related Key Statistics tissues that results from the overgrowth of the cells in the body’s lymphatic system). POEMS syndrome is extremely rare. It affects more men than women, and typically occurs in one’s 50’s. The exact incidence is unknown. ndocrinopathy refers to abnormalities in Ethe endocrine system (the network of glands Causes that secrete hormones into the circulatory system). Abnormal hormone levels can lead to hypothyroidism The cause of POEMS syndrome is not known.
    [Show full text]
  • POEMS Syndrome: Failure of Newly Suggested Diagnostic Criteria to Anticipate the Development of the Syndrome
    American Journal of Hematology 79:316–318 (2005) POEMS Syndrome: Failure of Newly Suggested Diagnostic Criteria to Anticipate the Development of the Syndrome Ofran Yishay* and Elinav Eran Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem, Israel POEMS syndrome is a unique clinical entity. Although it’s a diagnosis of exclusion, it was previously described by the presence of several typical characteristics as parapro- teinemia, polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, and skin changes. Recently, new criteria were proposed, and the presence of two major and one minor criterion was claimed to suffice for a diagnosis. Both methods considered other important character- istics germane to the syndrome unessential for diagnosis. Retrospective evaluation of patients with lymphoproliferative disease was carried out to reveal the presence of the syndrome according to these different methods. Patients’ clinical progression during follow-up will be used to validate the criteria’s sensitivity and specificity. Six hundred twenty-nine consecutive files of patients with paraproteinemia who were followed-up at a tertiary medical center were reviewed. Of 12 patients who fulfilled the new criteria for diagnosis of POEMS, 3 remain stable during long-term follow-up and only 5 finally devel- oped the full-blown syndrome. Four patients developed other diseases that accounted for their clinical findings. Patients presenting with neuronal vasculitic changes on biopsy, k light-chain monoclonal gammopathy, and cryoglobulinemia were unlikely to develop POEMS syndrome, even though they fulfilled the newly suggested criteria. Although they are not in the criteria, sclerotic bone lesions were found only in patients who eventually developed the full syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • General Disease Finder
    General Disease Finder This overview will help to fi nd neuromuscular disease patterns in the different sections Cushing’s disease, steroid myopathy; Addison’s disease, general muscle weakness Adrenal dysfunction Periodic paralysis Aldosteronism Tetanic muscles CN: VII AIDS Polyneuropathies: infl ammatory, immune mediated, treatment related Myopathies: infl ammatory, treatment related Neoplastic: lymphoma (direct invasion) Opportunistic infections: CMV, toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcus , HSV Candida, Varicella, Histoplasma, TBC, Aspergillus CMV polyradiculomyelopathy Herpes zoster radiculitis Syphilitic radiculopathy Treatment related: polyneuropathy/myopathy Ddl, ddC, foscarnet, isoniazid Zidovudine Polyneuropathy (distal, rarely proximal) Alcohol Mononeuropathy – radial nerve (compression) Myopathy Acute necrotizing myopathy and myoglobinuria Chronic proximal weakness Hypokalemic paralysis Myoglobinuria Compartment syndromes (prolonged compression) Familial amyloid polyneuropathies Amyloid Transthyretin Neuropathy Sensorimotor neuropathy Autonomic (continued) E.L. Feldman et al., Atlas of Neuromuscular Diseases, 299 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1605-0, © Springer-Verlag Wien 2014 300 General Disease Finder Autonomic involvement Primary/secondary Apolipoprotein A-1 Polyneuropathy, painful, hearing loss Gelsolin type V, VII, and other CN Mild polyneuropathy Primary amyloidosis (AL) Deposition of immunoglobulin light chains in tissue Adrenal dysfunction Aldosteronism AIDS Alcoholism Amyloid Painful neuropathy Autonomic involvement Carpal tunnel syndrome
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Myeloma Presenting As Cryoglobulinemia - a Case Report
    Open Access Austin Journal of Clinical Case Reports Case Report Multiple Myeloma Presenting as Cryoglobulinemia - A Case Report Narayanan G*, Prabhakaran P and Soman LV Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Abstract Centre, India Cryoglobulinemia is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of *Corresponding author: Geetha Narayanan, abnormal immunoglobulins in the blood that precipitate in the tissues causing Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer inflammation and tissue damage. It often occurs in association with diseases Centre, Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India such as autoimmune or infectious diseases. Only few cases of cryoglobulinemia associated with multiple myeloma has been described. We report a 45 year old Received: June 01, 2016; Accepted: August 30, 2016; lady with multiple myeloma whose initial presentation was cryoglobulinema with Published: September 09, 2016 vasculitic ulcers in legs and gangrene of toes. She had monoclonal gammopathy of IgG kappa. She received chemotherapy with bortezomib, lenalidamide and dexamethasone. Her pain symptoms were controlled and her skin lesions healed. She is alive in remission at 30 months. Keywords: Cryoglobulinemia; Vasculitis; Multiple myeloma Abbreviations The serum free Kappa was 134 mg/L, free lambda was 21 mg/L and K:L ratio was 6.4. Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE) showed CG: Cryoglobulinemia; IFE: Immunofixation; Ig: monoclonal gammopathy of IgG kappa (Figure 2). Her 24 hour urine Immunoglobulins; ISS: International Staging System; MM: Multiple protein was 235 mg/day, β2 microglobulin was 9.4 mg/L, and urine Myeloma; SPE: Serum Protein Electrophoresis bence jones protein was negative. She did not have bone lesions. A Introduction bone marrow study showed increase in plasma cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurologic Complications in Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma Neurologic Complications in Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma Roser Velasco, Jordi Bruna
    Volume 2 (2012) // Issue 2 // e-ISSN 2224-3453 Neurology · Neurosurgery · Medical Oncology · Radiotherapy · Paediatric Neuro- oncology · Neuropathology · Neuroradiology · Neuroimaging · Nursing · Patient Issues Neurologic Complications in Homepage: Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma Velasco R, Bruna J www.kup.at/ European Association of journals/eano/index.html NeuroOncology Magazine 2012; 2 (2) 71-77 OnlineOnline DatabaseDatabase FeaturingFeaturing Author,Author, KeyKey WordWord andand Full-TextFull-Text SearchSearch THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF NEUROONCOLOGY Member of the Neurologic Complications in Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma Neurologic Complications in Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma Roser Velasco, Jordi Bruna Abstract: Neurologic complications in plasma tely 10 % of all haematological malignancies. A tem involvement are being increasingly recog- cell malignancies are frequently seen in the wide spectrum of neurological complications has nized, like papilloedema, stroke, and pachyme- practice of neuro-oncology, involving areas such been described associated with MM, ranging ningitis. This review will focus on the neurologic as the peripheral and central nervous system. from carpal tunnel syndrome to the life-threa- complications associated with MM, plasmacy- These can be the first symptoms, leading to the tening spinal cord compression. Plasmacytoma toma, POEMS syndrome, and their management. diagnosis of the underlying disease, or they may is defined as a localized proliferation of malig- Furthermore, neurologic complications derived appear during the course of the illness. Radicular nant plasma cells, and it may eventually turn from treatment will also be reviewed, especially pain secondary to compressive radiculopathy is into MM. Plasmacytoma may occur inside or out- the treatment of emergent peripheral neuropathy. the most common neurologic complaint. Addi- side the bone marrow, with neurologic involve- Eur Assoc NeuroOncol Mag 2012; 2 (2): 71– tionally, neurotoxic side-effects derived from the ment depending on the placement of the mass.
    [Show full text]