Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 088-0139 Architectural Survey Form Other DHR ID: 088-5183, 088-5229, 111-0147-0099

Property Information

Property Names Property Evaluation Status Name Explanation Name Current Name Ellwood Historic Ellwood Federal Det. Of Eligibility Historic Lacy House This Property is associated with the Fredericksburg and Historic Wilderness Plantation Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park. Property Addresses Current - 36380 Constitution Highway Route 20 County/Independent City(s): Orange (County), Spotsylvania (County) Incorporated Town(s): No Data Zip Code(s): 22508, 22553 Magisterial District(s): No Data Tax Parcel(s): No Data USGS Quad(s): CHANCELLORSVILLE

Additional Property Information

Architecture Setting: Rural Acreage: 188 Site Description: 1937: Located 15 miles west of Fredericksburg and 1 mile south of Wilderness, on Virginia Route #20.

The place is part in Orange, and part in Spotsylvania County - the house being in Spotsylvania.

1978: Ellwood is located in Spotsylvania County. It is situated about 18 miles west of the City cf Fredericksburg and about three- eighths of a mile south southwest of the intersection of Virginia State Routes 3 and 20.

2003 PIF: Ellwood rests on a knoll overlooking the Wilderness Run valley. Huge trees grace its lawn, an old catalpa of which was there during the Civil War. The present public approach to the house is from the west, but the old carriage entrance is visible to the east. A path through the garden area and across a narrow, cultivated field leads to the cemetery (see 088-5229), where sixteen family members are buried, as well as General "Stonewall" Jackson's amputated arm.

The only other historic structure on site is a small stone building masoned in the 1930's by a slave descendant. It was originally built as a farm office but now houses a fire suppression system for the house. Archaeological scans have been done to reveal dense areas. Actual sample excavation was done when the modern was removed, as well as at sites of various dependencies. The ice house site has not been explored. There are conjectured locations of slave quarters.

2013: Outbuildings: Granary, Brooder House, Garage, Farm Office.

November 2014: The Ellwood Plantation located near the eastern edge of the Wilderness Battlefield, just south of Constitution Highway, encompasses 188 acres of the late-eighteenth-century plantation. It is within the Wilderness Battlefield, the furthest west unit of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park Historic District, located approximately 17 miles west of Fredericksburg in an unincorporated area that lies in Orange and Spotsylvania counties.

It consists of rolling farmland, some of which is still cultivated, separated from Constitution Highway by forest. Wilderness Run forms the southeast and south boundary, and private inholdings are adjacent to the site on the west and on the southeast bank of Wilderness Run. Many historically open views and spaces have been lost to successional-growth forest, but the core landscape remains relatively open. The domestic and agricultural grounds include pastures, a terrace surrounding the main house (the only extant Civil War-era building), and a small family cemetery. Post-and-rail and worm fences mark historic and current divisions throughout the property, and some historic fence lines are discernible from vegetative growth. Large, sprawling, deciduous trees dot the lawn around the house.

Surveyor Assessment: 1937: This house is built on land granted by George II, of England, to the Jones family, and was built by William Jones. Date of the beginning of the house (not known) was finished about 1780. He is said to have used Hessian prisoners of war to work on this house - especially the cornices, which are like those of Kenmore. The were made at Germanna.

Owners were as follows: William Jones; then it passed to his daughter, who married Major Lacy. It was the property of the Lacys at the time of the War Between the States. Hugh E. Willis bought it from the Lacy heirs in 1907. It passed to his sister, Mrs. Leo T. Jones, in 1932.

In 1824 Lafayette was entertained here. In 1864 Meade used this house as Headquarters. Grant and Warren both stayed here. It was also used as a hospital for Union soldiers. But the most interesting thing to us of the South, is, that 's arm is buried here. The inscription reads: Jackson's Arm. May 5, 1863. See Virginia Historical Magazine, spring 1936, for more information.

April 30, 2016 Page: 1 of 8 Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 088-0139 Architectural Survey Form Other DHR ID: 088-5183, 088-5229, 111-0147-0099

1978: Ellwood was built about 1781 by William Jones, a well-to-do planter. The owner's friends and guests included "Light Horse Harry" Lee, President James Madison, and, reputedly, the Marquis de Lafayette. During the Civil War, Ellwood was the summer home of J. Horace Lacy; Lacy's other home is also of wartime significance. It is Chatham, which is also found in the park. Throughout the , in early May of 1864, Ellwood served as headquarters for Federal Major General Gouverneur Kemble Warren. The supreme Southern commander, Lieutenant General U. S. Grant, made his headquarters about two hundred fifty yards northwest of Ellwood. He and Major General George Gordan Meade may have spent some time during the battle at Ellwood. After the fight, wounded found refuge in the building.

2003 PIF: From its construction in the latter part of the 18th century until the first decade of the 20th century, Ellwood was the home of a single family, William Jones and his daughter, Betty Churchill Jones Lacy. Early visitors to Ellwood included the Marquis de Lafayette, James Madison, James Monroe, and Lighthorse Harry Lee. Ellwood was a Confederate Hospital during the 1863 Battle of Chancellorsville and for the six months following. General Robert E. Lee visited the wounded there. General "Stonewall" Jackson's arm was amputated at nearby Wilderness Tavern and buried in the Ellwood cemetery by his chaplain, Beverley Tucker Lacy (brother of Ellwood's owner, J. Horace Lacy). During the Battle of the Wilderness in May of 1864, Ellwood served as Headquarters for Army of the Potomac Fifth Corps general, Gouvemeur K. Warren.

In 1921, Marine General Smedley Butler brought his expeditionary forces from Quantico to conduct a mock battle in the Wilderness. President Harding's review of the troops took place in front of Ellwood.

2007: The property is renowned as the final resting place of Confederate Army General Stonewall Jackson's wounded, amputated limb. The appendage is buried in Ellwood's family cemetery (DHR ID #088-5229). But the rest of the farm, straddling the Orange and Spotsylvania county lines off Route 20, has a rich history. The centerpiece is Ellwood Manor, built in the 1790s. It was used by the Union and Confederate armies in different years of the Civil War, as both a hospital and strategy center. The Marquis de Lafayette, a Revolutionary War hero, stopped here for breakfast in 1825 on his way to Fredericksburg.

The property was sold to the in the 1970s, and apart from a few changes, Ellwood Manor looks much as it did when it was built. During the summer, the home is open Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays, and weekends during the fall and winter. Volunteers from Friends of the Wilderness Battlefield give 30-minute tours. The group assists the National Park Service by mowing Ellwood's large lawn, landscaping, organizing events and giving tours.

Gordon Jones, a former obstetrician in Fredericksburg, lived there as a child, and his parents, Leo and Blanche Jones, lived in Ellwood. They turned Ellwood over to the Park Service in the 1970s.

2010: About a mile to the southwest of the Wilderness Tavern site sits the Ellwood estate (NR #WI0235b). The modest braced-frame Georgian style house is still standing on the property. Both the Wilderness Tavern and the Ellwood house were built upon the same 5,000 acre estate owned by William Jones who had by 1799 become one of the largest slave owners in Spotsylvania County. At that time Jones was documented as having 29 slaves in his possession. The memoirs of Jones’ daughter indicate the standing structure was constructed in 1781 to replace an earlier house that had burned down at the onset of the Revolutionary War (Basalik et al.1985). The property had several dependencies including barns, cabins, and unidentified structures which may have been slave quarters. Other support buildings which would have been present by the time of the Civil War include a smokehouse, a dairy, a kitchen and oven, a springhouse, an ice house and probably a barn.

By the time of the Civil War, William’s daughter Betty Churchill Jones and her husband J. Horace Lacy were using Elwood as a summer home (Chatham being their full-time residence). Lacy himself was a prominent member of Fredericksburg society. (See Chatham property discussion for more on Lacy.) Union troops moved past the home as they advanced east towards Chancellorsville after crossing the Rapidan at Germanna Ford. During the Battle of Chancellorsville and for many months after the house served as a Confederate field hospital.

In early May of 1864, prior to the onset of the Battle of Wilderness, Ellwood changed from a Confederate field base and hospital to a Union one. On the night before the battle began, the Third Division, V Corps, commanded by General Samuel Crawford, encamped at and around Ellwood. The following morning Ellwood became the Federal Headquarters for General Gouverneur K. Warren and General Ambrose E. Burnside during the Battle of the Wilderness (May 5-6, 1864).

See F&SNMP draft nomination for additional details.

------November 2014: The Ellwood Plantation is a representative example of an antebellum Virginia plantation that was used as a Confederate field hospital after the Battle of Chancellorsville and as headquarters for the Federal V Corps during the Battle of the Wilderness. It contributes to the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park Historic District under Criterion A in the area of Military for its association with the Battle of the Wilderness (May 5–6, 1864). Ellwood, also known as the Lacy House or the Ellwood-Lacy House, also contributes to the Historic District under Criterion C in the area of Architecture as an example of a late eighteenth-century, timber-framed, Federal plantation house in Virginia. Surveyor Recommendation: Recommended Not Eligible Ownership Ownership Category Ownership Entity Federal Govt National Park Service

Primary Resource Information

Resource Category: Domestic Resource Type: Single Dwelling Date of Construction: 1790Ca Historic Time Period: Early National Period (1790 - 1829)

April 30, 2016 Page: 2 of 8 Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 088-0139 Architectural Survey Form Other DHR ID: 088-5183, 088-5229, 111-0147-0099

Historic Context(s): Architecture/Landscape, Domestic, Military/Defense Architectural Style: Federal/Adamesque Form: T-Plan Number of Stories: 2.0 Condition: Excellent Interior Plan: Central Corridor Threats to Resource: None Known Architectural Description: 1937: This is the original structure, with very little change - except the old house had a shingle roof and plain weatherboarding. You enter a wide hall - rooms on each side, very large and 12 ft. high - some are papered, 2 panelled; the are 6-panel; floors are 6 inch heart pine; mantels plain. There are three stairways - 1 curve and 2 straight. It is fine condition and well kept.

1972 F&SNMP NRHP inventory: LACY HOUSE -- Excellent condition; altered; original site. Built late 18th Century. Served during the Battle of the Wilderness as a Federal Corps headquarters. Siding shingles hide most of original frame. No building number.

1976 F&SNMP NRHP inventory: Lacy House - The Lacy House was constructed in 1781, and is currently in good condition. Rough wooden shingles cover the original weatherboards of the two-story, T-shaped structure. Interior trim and flooring largely date from the initial construction period of the house.

Interior Description, 1978: Ellwood was constructed in the typical Virginia "T" plan for country homes of the Revolutionary period. The building is two stories high with a cellar and attic; it has narrow wings of one room depth, a steep roof, interior chimneys, and a classical entrance . The re-entrant angles have been mostly filled in over the years.

See documentation on file for much additional detail.

2003 PIF:

Built circa 1790 in the Georgian and Federal styles. The dwelling is currently in deteriorated condition.

Architectural description: 1848, early alterations were made to the house. To provide an extra bedroom, the second floor east center was closed off to the north and south bedrooms; new doors opened to those rooms directly from the stairhall. The open southwest porch was removed, and a large shed roofed structure, including one storage room and a passage, was added. The small stair to the cellar and the window lighting it on the north elevation were probably added at this time, and the winding stair to the ground floor was removed. During this same period it appears that the east front porch "Gothic" with "Chippendale" railings were also added.

1907 - 1920, the following renovations were made: The fallen north was replaced with a smaller one, and hearths were removed, and closet walls on the first and second floors were modified. A new "modern" mantle in the south parlor was added. The south (east) window was closed up. New standing seam sheet metal roof, gutters, and downspouts were added and the east front porch cornices were modified. A new two-story porch was built at the North angle of the house. This included a kitchen at the first floor level, which was connected to the north wing by cutting a transom doorway in a corner window location. The east front porch was screened and the porch pediment tympanum covered with asphalt shingles. The south gable of the main body of the house was covered with asphalt shingles, closing over two original attic windows. A 1,000- gallon water cistern was erected, to accommodate a bathroom installed in first floor storage room. Downstairs floorboards were painted oaken to camouflage bloodstains; upstairs floorboards were painted black.

1932 - 1940 saw the following renovations: Original downstairs floorboards were covered with narrower pine flooring. Electricity, running water to house, and septic system installed. The two-story north porch was torn down and a new kitchen was built. For insulation purposes, exterior clapboard was covered with shingles, covering over the first floor north windows. The second-floor bathroom was added, which entailed removing lengths of stair rails, which were reused in the cellar stairs in the north wing. (The opening under the main stairway, which served as either stair to the cellar or a trap with a ladder, was closed and the stairs or ladder removed.) Closets in the second floor south bedroom were added. A furnace was installed and the framing reinforced with posts in the cellar. At the east porch the tympanum asphalt shingles are removed, the railing and lattice under the porch were removed, and the columns plinths are replaced. Deteriorated plaster was covered with plywood, trimmed, and painted. Bookshelves are built and arched niches installed in the first floor west wing.

1978 -- The National Park Service carried out structural stabilization of east cellar walls and interior framing.

1981 -- Wood shingle roof was restored.

1983 -- Stabilization of structural frame and cellar walls continued. The 1933-34 kitchen was removed, window sash was repaired and restored, shingle siding was removed, weatherboards were repaired and/or restored, and the east porch deck, footing, and columns were restored.

1989 -- Additional cellar masonry stabilization was completed, a sprinkler system was installed in the house, and the front (east) porch restoration continued.

See PIF for much additional descriptive detail on the building's components.

2010: The Ellwood House (NR #WI0235a), also known as the Lacy House, is a frame, two story, five bay T-shaped Georgian style manor house dating ca. 1790. It faces east.

August 2013: The ca. 1790 Ellwood house is a two-story with cellar, gable end frame structure of the Georgian style. It has T plan with a ca.1848 addition on the south elevation. The house has clapboard siding and a wood shingle roof. A one-story pedimented porch covers the front entrance. Windows on the first floor are nine over nine double-hung sash, while those on the second floor are six over six double-hung sash. Two interior end chimneys existed on the gable ends (only the chimney on the south gable end survives) with an additional interior end chimney on the west gable elevation. In 2005, the National Park Service poured a floor in the cellar, insulated the walls of the house, upgraded the electrical system. In 2005, the National Park Service installed a heat pump HVAC system. In 2008-2009, the first and second floors of the house were rehabilitated with new sheet rock walls and ceilings, while some plaster walls were retained, and museum exhibits installed.

April 30, 2016 Page: 3 of 8 Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 088-0139 Architectural Survey Form Other DHR ID: 088-5183, 088-5229, 111-0147-0099

November 2014: The two-story, T-shaped, Federal-style house constructed some time during the period 1781–1799 is located on a grassy terrace near the east end of the Ellwood Plantation site and faces east. It has a side-gable roof with dentiled cornices, clapboard walls, and a raised foundation. A perpendicular, gable-roofed ell extends from the center of the rear (west) elevation. Brick interior end chimneys are situated on the ridgeline at the south end of the main block and the west end of the ell. A run of six stone steps on brick risers leads to the center entrance in the facade (east) elevation under a one-story pedimented porch supported by six hexagonal Doric columns. A secondary entrance is located in the north elevation of the rear ell. Both doorways contain paired four-panel wood doors, topped with a four-light transom and dentiled upper trim. Fenestration consists of six-over-six, double-hung wood sash in the second story; nine-over-nine, double-hung wood sash in the first story; and rectangular louvered panels in the basement. The interior contains two rooms separated by a center hall on the first floor, a stair hall and rear room in the ell, and four rooms on the second floor. The National Park Service and the Friends of Wilderness Battlefield have fully restored the exterior and interior of the house, which is open to the public seasonally.

Exterior Components Component Component Type Material Material Treatment Roof Gable, Side Wood Shingle Windows Sash, Double-Hung Wood 6/6 Chimneys Interior End Brick No Data Windows Sash, Double-Hung Wood 9/9 Structural System and Frame Wood Siding Exterior Treatment Foundation Raised Brick Bond, Common Porch Gable, Front Wood Columns, Doric

Secondary Resource Information

Secondary Resource #1

Resource Category: Domestic Resource Type: Garage Architectural Style: No Discernable Style Form: Rectangular Date of Construction: 1955 Condition: Good Threats to Resource: None Known Architectural Description: Architecture Summary, 1978: 20th century garage

August 2013: The ca.1960 garage is a one-story gable end cinder block structure with a standing seam metal roof. There are two fixed windows, one each on both the east and west elevations. The garage is accessed by two overhead garage doors on the south elevation. The floor is poured concrete.

November 2014: The 1955 Ellwood Garage is located on the north side of the Barnyard Road. The garage is a small, square, cinderblock building with a standing-seam metal, end-gable roof and a concrete foundation. Two wood vertical-lift doors fill the south elevation. Fenestration consists of a two-over-two window in the east and west elevations. Number of Stories: 1 Exterior Components Component Component Type Material Material Treatment Structural System and Masonry Concrete Block Exterior Treatment Roof Front Gable Metal No Data Foundation Slab Concrete No Data Windows Fixed No Data No Data Secondary Resource #2

Resource Category: Agriculture/Subsistence Resource Type: Barn Architectural Style: No Discernable Style Form: No Data Date of Construction: 1965 Condition: Good Threats to Resource: None Known Architectural Description: Architecture Summary, 1978: Several 20th century barns.

April 30, 2016 Page: 4 of 8 Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 088-0139 Architectural Survey Form Other DHR ID: 088-5183, 088-5229, 111-0147-0099

August 2013: Of the various barns that occupied the property, all have been razed with the exception of the brooder barn. The ca.1950 brooder barn is a one-story gable end cinder block structure with a standing seam metal roof. There are fourteen wood double-hung sash windows, six each on both the east and west elevations and two on the south elevation. The garage is accessed by both a single wood door and sliding double- doors on the north elevation. The floor is dirt.

November 2014: The c. 1965 Ellwood Equipment Shed is on the south side of the Barnyard Road. The equipment shed, built as a brooder house for chickens, is a one-story, rectangular, cinderblock building with a standing-seam metal, end-gable roof and a concrete foundation. It has two entrances in the north elevation: a sliding double barn door in the center and a six-panel door in the east end. One-over-one replacement windows line the east, south, and west elevations. Number of Stories: 1 Exterior Components Component Component Type Material Material Treatment Roof Side Gable Metal No Data Structural System and Masonry Concrete Block Exterior Treatment Secondary Resource #3

Resource Category: Agriculture/Subsistence Resource Type: Granary Architectural Style: No discernible style Form: Rectangular Date of Construction: 1934 Condition: Demolished Threats to Resource: Structural Failure Architectural Description: Architecture Summary, 1978: Several 20th century sheds.

August 2013: Of the various sheds that occupied the property, all have been razed with the exception of the granary. The ca.1934 granary is a two-story frame structure with a one-story attached shed. It has a standing seam metal roof, clapboard siding and a dirt floor. It has an open bay front.

November 2014: The ca. 1934 granary is no longer extant.

Number of Stories: 2 Exterior Components Component Component Type Material Material Treatment Structural System and Wood Frame Wood Weatherboard Exterior Treatment Secondary Resource #4

Resource Category: Commerce/Trade Resource Type: Office/Office Building Architectural Style: No discernible style Form: Rectangular Date of Construction: 1934 Condition: Good Threats to Resource: None Known Architectural Description: August 2013: The ca. 1934 farm office is a one-story gable end stone structure with a wood shingle roof and clapboard gables. The farm office is accessed by a single door on the east elevation. The floor is poured concrete. The building presently houses the pumps for the fire suppression system in the main house.

November 2014: The Ellwood Farm Office, built c. 1934, is located east of the equipment shed. The east-facing building is constructed of random-laid field stone with a moss-covered, wood-shingled, end-gable roof. The gable end is clad in horizontal boards and features a plain bargeboard with decorative ends. A wood door is set off center in the east elevation, and the building has no windows. Number of Stories: 1 Exterior Components Component Component Type Material Material Treatment Structural System and Masonry Stone Weatherboard Exterior Treatment Roof Front Gable Wood No Data Secondary Resource #5

April 30, 2016 Page: 5 of 8 Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 088-0139 Architectural Survey Form Other DHR ID: 088-5183, 088-5229, 111-0147-0099

Resource Category: Transportation Resource Type: Road/Road Trace Architectural Style: No discernible style Form: No Data Date of Construction: 1840 Condition: Good Threats to Resource: None Known Architectural Description: November 2014: The Ellwood Barnyard Road, constructed in the 1840s, runs east toward the main house and was extended north to Constitution Highway ca. 1934. The road is 10' wide, paved with gravel, and lined with trees indicating a historic fence line.

Secondary Resource #6

Resource Category: Transportation Resource Type: Road/Road Trace Architectural Style: No discernible style Form: No Data Date of Construction: 1775 Condition: Good Threats to Resource: None Known Architectural Description: November 2014: The c. 1775 Ellwood Entrance Road Trace originally ran south from an area near the modern day intersection of VA Route 3 and VA Route 20, then shifted south in about 1820 to terminate at the original route of VA Route 20. Today the road bed is a two-track farm lane terminating at the Old Orange Turnpike Road Trace, east of the Alexander Cemetery (outside District).

Historic District Information

Historic District Name: Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park Local Historic District Name: No Data Historic District Significance: November 2014: The Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park Historic District derives its primary significance under Criterion A in the area of Military as the site of the American Civil War Battles of Fredericksburg (December 11–15, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 27–May 6, 1863), the Wilderness (May 4–7, 1864), and Spotsylvania Court House (May 8–21, 1864). Each of the battles was part of a major campaign initiated by the Union Army of the Potomac against the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. Together, the battles resulted in more than 100,000 casualties, making the roughly 20- square-mile area over which they were fought the most contested ground of the Civil War. Under Criterion B, the battlefields are associated with defining moments in the careers of the generals responsible for planning and executing the battles, including Union Generals Ambrose E. Burnside, Joseph D. Hooker, Ulysses S. Grant, and George G. Meade and Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. Several contributing buildings in the District also possess significance under Criterion A in the area of Health and Medicine for their association with the care of wounded soldiers during and after the battles. The District has additional significance under Criterion A for its association with national trends in battlefield commemoration and preservation during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Finally, a number of resources in the District also possess significance under Criterion C in the areas of Architecture and Landscape Architecture.

Criteria Consideration D applies to Fredericksburg National Cemetery, which derives its significance from its association with important historic events and distinctive design features, and Criteria Consideration F applies to the contributing commemorative monuments within the District that possess significance engendered from their age, design, and symbolic values.

The period of significance for the District extends from 1768, the date that was constructed, to the present in recognition of the continuing exceptional importance of Fredericksburg National Cemetery. The District achieved its primary significance during the period between November 1862 and May 1864, when the Battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness, and Spotsylvania Court House were fought.

CRM Events

Event Type: Survey:Phase I/Reconnaissance

April 30, 2016 Page: 6 of 8 Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 088-0139 Architectural Survey Form Other DHR ID: 088-5183, 088-5229, 111-0147-0099

Project Review File Number: No Data Investigator: Laura Kline Organization/Company: PAL Sponsoring Organization: No Data Survey Date: 11/3/2014 Dhr Library Report Number: No Data Project Staff/Notes: Survey conducted in support of the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park Historic District NRHP nomination (111-0147).

Event Type: DHR Board Det. Eligible DHR ID: 088-0139 Staff Name: State Review Board Event Date: 9/10/2003 Staff Comment Presumably this resource will be nominated under criterion A for its use during and after the Battle of Chancellorsville as a hospital. As the burial site of Stonewall Jackson’s arm it might also be eligible under criteria B for its association with a significant person, although only part of Jackson might have ever visited the farm. The strength of the argument under either criterion will be determined to a large extent by the importance of the stories of Civil War medicine or of Jackson’s loss that can be told there. The Board would like to see Criterion D added. The Board would also like to see the level of significance added to state, if not national, because of the importance of the Wilderness battlefield.

Event Type: DHR Staff: Eligible DHR ID: 088-0139 Staff Name: DHR Evaluation Committee Event Date: 7/3/2003 Staff Comment The resource, substantial L19C frame dwelling, was evaluated under Criteria A (Military History) and C (Architecture) as locally significant. The period of significance is ca. 1790. The site is best known as the burial site of “Stonewall” Jackson’s arm, lost in the nearby Wilderness Battlefield. The resource was previously evaluated in 1988 and found not eligible. The committee recommends that the resource is eligible for individual listing with 34 points.

Event Type: PIF Project Review File Number: No Data Investigator: Carolyn J. Elstner Organization/Company: VA Dept. of Historic Resources Sponsoring Organization: No Data Survey Date: 5/10/2003 Dhr Library Report Number: No Data Project Staff/Notes: Friends of the Wilderness Battlefield "Ellwood is of great historical significance both to the state of Virginia and to the nation."

Event Type: Federal Det. Of Eligibility DHR ID: 088-0139 Staff Name: NPS Event Date: 10/26/1988 Staff Comment The Ellwood Plantation outbuildings have been determined not eligible.

Event Type: Survey:Phase II/Intensive Project Review File Number: No Data Investigator: NPS Organization/Company: National Park Service Sponsoring Organization: No Data Survey Date: 3/31/1978 Dhr Library Report Number: No Data

April 30, 2016 Page: 7 of 8 Virginia Department of Historic Resources DHR ID: 088-0139 Architectural Survey Form Other DHR ID: 088-5183, 088-5229, 111-0147-0099

Project Staff/Notes: Mid-Atlantic Region NPS Official 106 Effect Report

Event Type: Survey:WPA Virginia Historical Inventory Project Review File Number: No Data Investigator: John C. Hendricks Organization/Company: National Park Service Sponsoring Organization: No Data Survey Date: 1/5/1937 Dhr Library Report Number: No Data Project Staff/Notes: WPA Virginia Historical Inventory survey OR-140

Bibliographic Information

Bibliography: November 2014: See 2015 NRHP Form for Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park Historic District. ------Name: John, Auwaerter Record Type: Report Bibliographic Notes: Culutral Landscape Report for Ellwood (NPS, 2010) ------Name: Bonnie J., Halda Record Type: Report Bibliographic Notes: Architectural Data - Historic Structure Report for Ellwood (NPS, 1992) ------Name: Williss, G. Frank Record Type: Report Bibliographic Notes: Historical Data - Historic Structure Report for Ellwood House (NPS) ------Name: Friends of the Wilderness Battlefield Record Type: Article Bibliographic Notes: Phase III Second Floor Ready by Opening Day. Wilderness Dispatch, Vol 16, No. 1, Winter 2011, Friends of the Wilderness Battlefield, Inc.

Plaster restoration done by Two World's Renovations in Stafford County. ------Name: Mutual Assurance Record Type: MAS Policy Bibliographic Notes: Referenced in Geier's report (see Geier, et. al.) ------Name: Geier, et. al. Record Type: Report Bibliographic Notes: An Overview and Assessment of Archaeological Resources and Landscapes within Lands Managed by Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park: Vol III (Report submitted to FRSP).

Prepared by Clarence R. Geier, Cora Brien and Erin Fuller with contributions by Eric Mink. Property Notes: No Data Project Bibliographic Information: See 2015 Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park Historic District National Register of Historic Places form.

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