USOO6077832A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,077,832 Chamberlain et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Jun. 20, 2000

54). ANTIVIRAL BENZIMIDAZOLE OTHER PUBLICATIONS NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES AND A METHOD FOR THEIR PREPARATION Methods of Nucleoside Synthesis. Vorbrueggen, Helmut. Res. Lab., Schering A-G., Berlin, D-1000/65, Fed. Rep. 75 Inventors: Stanley Dawes Chamberlain; Susan Ger. NATO Adv. Study Inst. Ser, Ser. A (1979), Mary Daluge; George Walter A26(Nucleoside Analogues: Chem., Biol., Med. Appl.), Koszalka, all of Chapel Hill, N.C. 35-69. Vorbriggen et al., “Nucleoside Synthesis with Trimethylsi 73 Assignee: GlaxoWellcome Inc., Five Moore lyl Triflate and Perchlorate as Catalysts,” Chem. Ber. 114, Drive, N.C. pp. 1234–1255 (1981). Vorbriggen et al., “New Catalysts for the Synthesis of * Notice: This patent issued on a continued pros Nucleosides,” Angew. Chem. Internat. Edit. 14(6), pp. ecution application filed under 37 CFR 421–422 (1974). 1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year Gordon et al., “Kinetics of Decay in the Expression of patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C. Interferon-Dependent mRNAS Responsible for Resistance 154(a)(2). to Virus.” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 77(1), 452–456 (Jan. 21 Appl. No.: 08/765,758 1980). Devivar et al., “Benzimidazole Ribonucleosides: Observa 22 PCT Filed: Jul. 6, 1995 tion of An Unexpected Nitration WHen Performing Non Aqueous Diazotizations with t-butyl Nitrite,” Biorganic C& 86 PCT No.: PCT/GB95/01597 Medicinal Chem. Letters, 2(9), 1105–1110 (Sep. 1992). S371 Date: Jan. 6, 1997 Tigges et al., “Human CD8+ Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Clones Recognize Diverse Viron S 102(e) Date: Jan. 6, 1997 Protein Antigens,” J. Virology, 66(3), 1622-1634 (Mar. 87 PCT Pub. No.: WO96/01833 1992). Devivar et al., “Benzimidazole Ribonucleosides: Design, PCT Pub. Date:Jan. 25, 1996 Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of Certain 2-(Alkylthio 30 Foreign Application Priority Data )–and 2-(benzylthio)-5, 6-dichloro-1-(B-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazoles,” J. Jul. 7, 1994 GB United Kingdom ...... 9413724 Medicinal Chem., 37(18), 2942–2949 (Sep. 2, 1994). Townsend et al.(VII), “Design Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of Certain 2.5, 51) Int. Cl." ...... A61K31/70; CO7H 19/052 6-Trihalo-1-(B-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazoles,” J. Medicinal Chem., 38(20), 4098-4105 (Sep. 25, 1995). 52 U.S. Cl...... 514/43; 536/28.9 Yankulov et al., “The Transcriptional Elongation Inhibitor 5-6-Dichloro-1-?3-D-ribofuransylbenzimidazole Inhibits Translation Factor IIH-ASSociated Protein Kinase,” J. Biol 58 Field of Search ...... 536/28.9; 514/43 Chem., 270(41), 23922–23925 (Oct. 13, 1995). 56) References Cited Nassiri et al., “Comparison of Benzimidazole Nucleosides and Ganciclovir on the In Vitro Prol;iferation and Colony U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Formation of Human Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells,” Brit 3,399,987 9/1968 Woods et al. . ... 548/310.4 ish J. Haematology, 93(2), 273–279 (May 1996). 3,555,040 1/1971 Fricket al...... 548/310.4 Gudmundsson et al., “Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 3,655,901 4/1972 Jensen et al. . 548/310.4 Certain 5'-Modified Analogs of 2.5, 4,002,623 1/1977 Kadin ...... 544/132 6–Trichloro-1-(B-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole,” J. 5,248,672 9/1993 Townsend et al...... 514/43 Medicinal Chem., 40(5), 785–793 (Feb. 28, 1997). 5,360,795 11/1994 Townsend et al...... 514/43 Zou et al., “Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Evaluation of 5,399,580 3/1995 Daluge ...... 514/394 2-Chloro-5, 5,473,063 12/1995 Classon et al...... 536/122 5,534,535 7/1996 Townsend et al...... 514/394 (List continued on next page.) 5,574,058 11/1996 Townsend et al...... 514/394 5,646,125 7/1997 Townsend et al...... 514/43 Primary Examiner Douglas W. Robinson 5,654,283 8/1997 Townsend et al...... 514/43 ASSistant Examiner L. Eric Crane 5,665,709 9/1997 Townsend et al...... 514/43 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lorie Ann Morgan FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 57 ABSTRACT 0 136938 4/1985 European Pat. Off.. 304624 3/1989 European Pat. Off.. The present invention relates to benzimidazole derivatives O 350 467 1/1990 European Pat. Off.. and their use in medical therapy particularly for the treat O 515 156 11/1992 European Pat. Off.. ment or prophylaxis of Virus infections Such as those caused 2130 030 12/1972 Germany. by herpes viruses. The invention also relates to the prepa 9207867 5/1992 WIPO. 92/18517 10/1992 WIPO. ration of the benzimidazole derivatives and pharmaceutical 93/18009 9/1993 WIPO. formulations containing them. 9408456 4/1994 WIPO. 96O1833 1/1996 WIPO. 30 Claims, No Drawings 6,077,832 Page 2

OTHER PUBLICATIONS Revankar, G.R. et al., The Synthesis of 6-dihalo-1-(B-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazoles as Poten 2-Chloro-1-3-D-ribofuranosyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimida tial Agents for Human Cytomegalovirus Infections,” J. zole and Certain Related Derivatives (1), J. Heterocycles, Medicinal Chem., 40(5), 811–818 (Feb. 28, 1997). vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 615–620, 1968. (Oct.) Physician's Desk Reference, 52nd Ed., Arky and Sifton (eds.), Medical Economics Co., Montvale, NJ, 1998. only European Patent Office Search Report (Apr. 26, 1996; ref. pp. 2452-2454 supplied (see “Cytovene'). Month of publi no. 1263W 94). cation date is unavailable. The Merck Index, 11th Ed., Budavariet al. (eds.), Merck & European Patent Office Communication (Aug. 6, 1997; ref. Co., Rahway, NJ, 1989, only p. 682 supplied. Month of no. PB1548/EPw). publication date is unavailable. Revankar, G.R. et al., The Synthesis of Gosselin et al., “Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 2-Chloro-1-(B-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole and Cer 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole nucleoside derivatives', Antivi tain Related Derivatives (1), J. Heterocycles, vol. 5, pp. ral Chem. Chemotherapy, vol. 5, pp. 243-256, (1994) (Issue 477-483, 1968 (Aug.). No. 4). 6,077,832 1 2 ANTIVIRAL BENZMIDAZOLE lymphoproliferative disease which occurs namely in young NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES AND A boys, EBV-associated B-cell tumours, Hodgkin’s disease, METHOD FOR THEIR PREPARATION nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, non Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, thymomas and oral hairy leuko This application is filed pursuant to 35 U.S.C. S. 371 as a United States National Phase Application of International plakia. EBV infections have also been found in association Application No. PCT/GB95/01597 filed Jul. 6, 1995 which with a variety of epithelial-cell-derived tumours of the upper claims priority from GB 9413724.7 filed Jul. 7, 1994. and lower respiratory tracts including the lung. The present invention relates to benzimidazole deriva HHV-6 has been shown to be a causative agent of tives and their use in medical therapy particularly for the infantum Subitum in children and of kidney rejection and treatment or prophylaxis of virus infections Such as those interstitial pneumonia in kidney and bone marrow transplant caused by herpes viruses. The invention also relates to the patients, respectively, and may be associated with other preparation of the benzimidazole derivatives and pharma diseases Such as multiple Sclerosis. There is also evidence of ceutical formulations containing them. repression of Stem cell counts in bone marrow transplant Of the DNA viruses, those of the herpes group are the 15 patients. HHV-7 is of undetermined disease aetiology. Sources of the most common Viral illnesses in man. The group includes herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a viral pathogen of world varicella Zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), wide major importance. The virus is aetiologically associ Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV ated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and is thought to 6) and human herpes virus type 7 (HHV-7). HSV-1 and cause 80% of the world’s liver cancer. Clinical effects of HSV-2 are some of the most common infectious agents of infection with HBV range from headache, fever, malaise, man. Most of these viruses are able to persist in the host's nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pains. Replica neural cells, once infected, individuals are at risk of recur tion of the virus is usually controlled by the immune rent clinical manifestations of infection which can be both response, with a course of recovery lasting weeks or months physically and psychologically distressing. 25 in humans, but infection may be more Severe leading to HSV infection is often characterised by extensive and persistent chronic liver disease outlined above. debilitating lesions of the skin, mouth and/or genitals. Pri mary infections may be Subclinical although tend to be more PCT Patent Specification Nos. WO 92/07867 and WO Severe than infections in individuals previously exposed to 94/08456 describe certain antiviral polysubstituted benzimi the virus. Ocular infection by HSV can lead to keratitis or dazole nucleoside analogues including B-D-ribofuranosyl cataracts thereby endangering the host's Sight. Infection in riboside analogues. PCT Patent Specification No. WO the new-born, in immnunocompromised patients or penetra 93/18009 describes certain antiviral benzimidazole ana tion of the infection into the central nervous System can logues in which the Sugar residue is replaced by a carbocy prove fatal. clic group. VZV is a herpes virus which causes chickenpox and 35 It has now been discovered that certain L-Sugar Substi shingles. Chickenpox is the primary disease produced in a tuted benzimidazole compounds as referred to below, are host without immunity, and in young children is usually a useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of certain viral mild illness characterised by a vesicular rash and fever. infections. According to a first aspect of the present Shingles or Zoster is the recurrent form of the disease which invention, novel compounds of the formula (I) are provided: occurs in adults who were previously infected with VZV. 40 The clinical manifestations of Shingles are characterised by neuralgia and a vesicular skin rash that is unilateral and (I) dermatomal in distribution. Spread of inflammation may Cl N lead to paralysis or convulsions. Coma can occur if the meninges become affected. VZV is of Serious concern in 45 X-R N OH patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs for transplant Cl O purposes or for treatment of malignant neoplasia and is a Serious complication of AIDS patients due to their impaired immune System. In common with other herpes viruses, infection with 50 OH OH CMV leads to a lifelong association of virus and host. Congenital infection following infection of the mother dur ing pregnancy may give rise to clinical effects Such as death wherein R represents hydrogen, a halo atom, -NR'R' or gross disease (microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, where R' and R, which may be the same or different, are jaundice, mental retardation), retinitis leading to blindness 55 or, in leSS Severe forms, failure to thrive, and Susceptibility each independently selected from hydrogen, C alkyl, to chest and ear infections. CMV infection in patients who cyano C-alkyl, hydroxy Coalkyl, halo C-6 alkyl, are immunocompromised for example as a result of C-7 cycloalkyl, C-alkylC-7cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, malignancy, treatment with immunosuppressive drugs fol C-7cycloalkylCalkyl, C-alkynyl, aryl, arylCalkyl, lowing transplantation or infection with Human Immuno 60 heterocyclicC. alkyl, -COC-alkyl or RR together deficiency Virus, may give rise to retinitis, pneumonitis, with the Natom to which they are attached form a 3, 4, 5 or gastrointestinal disorders and neurological diseases. 6 membered heterocyclic ring and pharmaceutically accept The main disease caused by EBV is acute or chronic able derivatives thereof. infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever). Examples of other EBV or EBV associated diseases include lymphopro 65 liferative disease which frequently occurs in perSons with A further Suitable group of compounds of formula (I) is congenital or acquired cellular immune deficiency, X-linked that of formula (Ia) 6,077,832 4 as a group or part of a group means phenyl optionally (Ia) Substituted with one or more Substituents selected from C. Cl alkoxy, (for example methoxy), nitro, halogen, (for example chloro), amino, carboxylate and hydroxy. The term hetero cyclic means a Saturated or partially Saturated (i.e. non aromatic) 3-4-5- or 6- membered ring containing one or Cl N OH more (for example one to four) hetero atoms independently Selected from nitrogen, oxygen and Sulphur. Examples of Such groups include pyrrolidine. 1O The present invention includes within its Scope each H H possible alpha and beta anomer of the compounds of for mula (I) and their physiologically functional derivatives, Substantially free of the other anomer, that is to Say no more wherein R represents hydrogen or -NR'R'', which may be than about 5% w/w of the other anomer, preferably no more the same or different, are each independently Selected from than about 2% w/w, in particular less than 1% w/w will be hydrogen, C-alkyl, cyanoC-alkyl, hydroxyCoalkyl, 15 present, and mixtures of Such alpha and beta anomers in any halo Calkyl, C-7cycloalkyl, C-7 cycloalkyl Coalkyl, proportions. Compounds of formula (I) in the beta anomeric C2-alkenyl, C2-alky nyl, aryl, aryl C-6 alkyl, form are preferred. heterocyclicC, alkyl, -COCs alkyl (provided that R'R' Preferred compounds of formula (Ib) include those are not both hydrogen) or RR together with the Natom to wherein R represents -NR'R' wherein R represents which they are attached form a 3, 4, 5 or 6 membered hydrogen and R is selected from C-alkyl, C-cycloalkyl heterocyclic ring and pharmaceutically acceptable deriva and haloCalkyl and pharmaceutically acceptable deriva tives thereof. tives thereof. Examples of compounds of formula (I) include the fol Particularly preferred compounds of formula (Ib) include lowing f anomers of formula (Ib) those wherein R represents isopropylarnino, isobutylamino, 25 Sec-butylamino, cyclopropylamino, cyclopentylamino and (Ib) 2-fluoro-1-methylethylamino and pharmaceutically accept able derivatives thereof. Cl N Compounds of formula (I) having the beta configuration X-R which are of Special interest as antiviral agents are N 2-cyclopropylamino-5,6-dichloro-1-(B-L-ribofuranosyl)- Cl OH 1H-benzimidazole, 5,6-dichloro-2-((2-fluoro-1- O methylethylamino)-1-((3-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H benzimidazole and 5,6-dichloro-2-isopropylamino-1-(B-L- ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole and pharmaceutically 35 acceptable derivatives thereof. ÖH OH The compound 5,6-dichloro-2-isopropylamino-1-(B-L- ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole has been found to be par wherein R represents a halo atom or -NR'R' wherein R' ticularly useful in the treatment of CMV infections. represents hydrogen and R is selected from C-alkyl, The compounds of formula (I) including compounds of hydroxy C1-alkyl, C-7 cycloalkyl, C-alkyl C-7 40 formula (Ia) and (Ib) above and their pharmaceutically cycloalkyl, Ce alkenyl, C. alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or R' acceptable derivatives are hereinafter referred to as the and R, which may be the same or different, are both C. compounds according to the invention. alkyl, or RR together with the Natom to which they are By “a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative' is meant attached form a 3, 4, 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring and any pharmaceutically or pharmacologically acceptable Salt, pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof. 45 ester or Salt of Such ester of a compound according to the In the alternative, compounds of formula (Ib) are com invention, or any compound which, upon administration to pounds wherein R represents a halo atom or a monoC the recipient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) alkylamino, mono(C. hydroxyalkyl)amino, di-C. a compound according to the invention, or an antivirally alkylamino, C-7 cycloalkylamino, C-alkyl-C- active metabolite or residue thereof. 7cycloalkylamino, Calkenylamino, Ce alkynylamino, 50 Preferred esters of the compounds according to the inven arylamino, arylalkylamino, or a group of formula tion are independently Selected from the following groups: -N(CH2), wherein n is 2, 3, 4 or 5 and pharmaceutically (1) carboxylic acid esters obtained by esterification of the acceptable derivatives thereof. 2-, 3- and/or 5'-hydroxy groups, in which the non-carbonyl Further examples of compounds of formula (I) above moiety of the carboxylic acid portion of the ester grouping include Examples 1 to 38 as described hereinafter 55 is Selected from Straight or branched chain alkyl (for AS used herein the term alkyl as a group or part of a group example, n-propyl, t-butyl, or n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (for means a Straight or branched chain alkyl group. Such alkyl example, methoxymethyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl), groups preferably have 1-6 carbon atoms, most preferably 1 aryloxyalkyl (for example, phenoxymethyl), aryl (for to 4 and in particular include methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, t-butyl. example, phenyl optionally Substituted by, for example, References to alkenyl groups include groups which may be 60 halogen, C alkyl, or Calkoxy or amino); (2) Sulphonate in the E- or Z-form or a mixture thereof and which when esters, Such as alkyl- or aralkylsulphonyl (for example, they contain at least three carbon atoms, may be branched. methaneSulphonyl); (3) amino acid esters (for example, The term halo includes chloro, bromo, fluoro and iodo. The L-Valyl or L-isoleucyl); (4) phosphonate esters and (5) term haloC alkyl means an alkyl group in which one or mono-, di- or triphosphate esters. The phosphate esters may more hydrogens is replaced by halo and preferably contain 65 be further esterified by, for example, a Co alcohol or ing one, two or three halo groups. Examples of Such groups reactive derivative thereof, or by a 2,3-di(C2)acyl glyc include trifluoromethyl and fluoroisopropyl. The term aryl erol. 6,077,832 S 6 In Such esters, unless otherwise Specified, any alkyl In yet a further aspect, the present invention provides the moiety present advantageously contains from 1 to 18 carbon use of a compound according to the invention in the manu atoms, particularly form 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more particu facture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of larly from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Any cycloalkyl moiety any of the above mentioned viral infections or conditions. present in Such esters advantageously contains from 3 to 6 The above compounds according to the invention and carbon atoms. Any aryl moiety present in Such esters advan their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives may be tageously comprises a phenyl group. employed in combination with other therapeutic agents for Preferred carboxylic acid esters according to the present the treatment of the above infections or conditions. Combi invention include the acetate, butyrate and Valerate esters. L-Valyl is a particularly preferred amino acid ester. nation therapies according to the present invention comprise Any reference to any of the above compounds also the administration of at least one compound of the formula includes a reference to a pharmaceutically acceptable Salts (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof and at thereof. least one other pharmaceutically active ingredient. The Pharmaceutically acceptable Salts include Salts of organic active ingredient(s) and pharmaceutically active agents may carboxylic acids Such as ascorbic, acetic, citric, lactic, be administered Simultaneously in either the same or differ tartaric, malic, male ic, is ethionic, lactobionic, 15 ent pharmaceutical formulations or Sequentially in any p-aminobenzoic and Succinic acids, organic Sulphonic acids order. The amounts of the active ingredient(s) and pharma Such as methaneSulphonic, ethaneSulphonic, benzenesul ceutically active agent(s) and the relative timings of admin phonic and p-toluenesulphonic acids and inorganic acids istration will be selected in order to achieve the desired Such as hydrochloric, Sulphuric, phosphoric, Sulphamic and combined therapeutic effect. Preferably the combination pyrophosphoric acids. therapy involves the administration of one compound For therapeutic use, Salts of the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention and one of the agents mentioned will be pharmaceutically acceptable. However, Salts of acids herein below. and bases which are non-pharmaceutically acceptable may Examples of Such further therapeutic agents include also find use, for example, in the preparation or purification agents that are effective for the treatment of viral infections of a pharmaceutically acceptable compound. All Salts, 25 or associated conditions such as (1 alpha, 2 beta, 3 alpha)- whether or not derived from a pharmaceutically acceptable 9-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutylguanine (-)BHCG, acid or base, are within the Scope of the present invention. SQ-34514), oxetanocin-G(3,4-bis-(hydroxymethyl)-2- Preferred salts include salts formed from hydrochloric, oxetanosylguanine), acyclic nucleosides (e.g. acyclovir, Sulphuric, acetic, Succinic, citric and ascorbic acids. Valaciclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, penciclovir), acyclic In a further aspect of the invention there are provided the nucleoside phosphonates (e.g. (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2- compounds according to the invention for use in medical phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMC), ribonucle therapy particularly for the treatment or prophylaxis of Viral otide reductase inhibitorS Such as 2-acetylpyridine 5-(2- infections Such as herpes viral infections. Compounds of the chloroanilino)thiocarbonyl) thiocarbonohydra-Zone, invention have been shown to be active against CMV 3’-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, other 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides infections, although early results Suggest that these com 35 Such as 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and pounds could also be active against other herpes virus 2',3'-dideoxyinosine, 2',3'-didehydrothymidine, protease infections such as HSV-1 and -2, HHV 6 and 7, VZV, EBV inhibitors such as N-tert-butyl-dehydro-2-I-2(R)-hydroxy-4- and HBV infections. phenyl-3(S)-N-(2-quinolylcarbonyl)-L-asparginylbutyl Other viral conditions which may be treated in accordance (4aS,8aS)-isoquinoline-3(S)-carboxamide (Ro 31-8959), with the invention have been discussed in the introduction 40 Oxathiolane nucleoside analogues Such as (-)cis-1-(2- hereinbefore. The compounds of the present invention are hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-cytosine (3TC) or cis particularly Suited to the treatment or prophylaxis of CMV 1-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-5-fluoro infections and associated conditions. Examples of CMV cytosine (FTC), 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine, 5-chloro-2',3- conditions which may be treated in accordance with the dide oxy-3-fluorou ridine, (-)-cis-4-2-amino - 6 - invention have been discussed in the introduction hereinbe 45 (cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-cyclopentene-1- fore. methanol, ribavirin, 9-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)but-1- According to another aspect, the present invention pro yl)-guanine (H2O), tat inhibitors such as 7-chloro-5-(2- vides a method for the treatment or prevention of the pyrryl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2(H)-one (Ro5-3335), or Symptoms or effects of a viral infection in an infected 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4- animal, for example, a mammal including a human, which 50 benzodiazepin-2-amine (Ro24-7429), interferons such as comprises treating Said animal with a therapeutically effec C-interferon, renal excretion inhibitorS Such as probenecid, tive amount of a compound according to the invention. nucleoside transport inhibitorS Such as dipyridarnole; According to a particular embodiment of this aspect of the pentoxifylline, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), Procysteine, invention, the Viral infection is a herpes virus infection, Such C-trichoSanthin, phosphonoformic acid, as well as immun as CMV, HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, HHV6 or HHV7. A 55 odulatorS Such as interleukin II or thymosin, granulocyte further aspect of the invention includes a method for the macrophage colony Stimulating factors, erythropoetin, treatment or prevention of the Symptoms or effects of an Soluble CD and genetically engineered derivatives, thereof, HBV infection. or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorS Such as The present invention further provides a method for the nevirapine (BI-RG-587), loviride (C-APA) and delavuridine treatment of a clinical condition in an animal, for example, 60 (BHAP), and phosphonoformic acid. a mammal including a human which clinical condition More preferably the combination therapy involves the includes those which have been discussed in the introduction administration of one of the above mentioned agents and a hereinbefore, which comprises treating Said animal with a compound within one of the preferred or particularly pre therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to ferred sub-groups within formula (I) as described above. the invention. The present invention also includes a method 65 Most preferably the combination therapy involves the joint for the treatment or prophylaxis of any of the aforemen use of one of the above named agents together with one of tioned infections or conditions. the compounds of formula (I) specifically named herein. 6,077,832 7 8 The present invention further includes the use of a com formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative pound according to the invention in the manufacture of a thereof and at least one further therapeutic agent are pre medicament for Simultaneous or Sequential administration Sented Separately from one another and as a kit of parts. with at least one other therapeutic agent, Such as those Compositions Suitable for transdermal administration defined hereinbefore. may be presented as discrete patches adapted to remain in The compounds according to the invention, also referred intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a to herein as the active ingredient, may be administered for prolonged period of time. Such patches Suitably contain the therapy by any Suitable route including oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including transdermal, buccal and Sublingual), vagi active compound 1) in an optionally buffered, aqueous nal and parenteral (including Subcutaneous, intramuscular, Solution or 2) dissolved and/or dispersed in an adhesive or intravenous, intradermal and intravitreal). It will be appre 3) dispersed in a polymer. A Suitable concentration of the ciated that the preferred route will vary with the condition active compound is about 1% to 25%, preferably about 3% and age of the recipient, the nature of the infection and the to 15%. AS one particular possibility, the active compound chosen active ingredient. may be delivered from the patch by electrotransport or In generala Suitable dose for each of the above-mentioned iontophoresis as generally described in Pharmaceutical conditions will be in the range of 0.01 to 250 mg per 15 Research. 3 (6), 318 (1986). kilogram body weight of the recipient (e.g. a human) per Formulations of the present invention Suitable for oral day, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 100 mg per kilogram administration may be presented as discrete units Such as body weight per day and most preferably in the range 0.5 to capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined 30 mg per kilogram body weight per day and particularly in amount of the active ingredient, as a powder or granules, as the range 1.0 to 20 mg per kilogram body weight per day. a Solution or a Suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous (Unless otherwise indicated, all weights of active ingredient liquid, or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil are calculated as the parent compound of formula (I); for liquid emulsion. The active ingredient may also be presented Salts or esters thereof, the weights would be increased as a bolus, electuary or paste. proportionally.) The desired dose may be presented as one, A tablet may be made by compression or moulding, two, three, four, five, Six or more Sub-doses administered at 25 optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Com appropriate intervals throughout the day. In Some cases the pressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a Suitable desired dose may be given on alternative days. These machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form Such as Sub-doses may be administered in unit dosage forms, for a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder (e.g. example, containing 10 to 1000 mg or 50 to 500 mg, povidone, gelatin, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose), preferably 20 to 500 mg, and most preferably 100 to 400 mg lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, disintegrant (e.g. of active ingredient per unit dosage form. Sodium Starch glycollate, croSS-linked povidone, croSS Ideally, the active ingredient should be administered to linked Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) Surface-active or achieve peak plasma concentrations of the active compound dispersing agent. Moulded tablets may be made by mould from about 0.025 to about 100 uM, preferably about 0.1 to ing in a Suitable machine a mixture of the powdered com 70 uM, most preferably about 0.25 to 50 uM. This may be 35 pound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets achieved, for example, by the intravenous injection of a 0.1 may optionally be coated or Scored and may be formulated to 5%. Solution of the active ingredient, optionally in Saline, So as to provide slow or controlled release of the active or orally administered as a bolus containing about 0.1 to ingredient therein using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl about 250 mg/kg of the active ingredient. Desirable blood cellulose in varying proportions to provide the desired levels may be maintained by a continuous infusion to 40 release profile. Tablets may optionally be provided with an provide about 0.01 to about 5.0 mg/kg/hour or by intermit enteric coating, to provide release in parts of the gut other tent infusions containing about 0.4 to about 15 mg/kg of the than the Stomach. active ingredient. Formulations Suitable for topical administration in the While it is possible for the active ingredient to be admin mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in istered alone it is preferable to present it as a pharmaceutical 45 a flavoured basis, usually Sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; formulation. The formulations of the present invention com pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis prise at least one active ingredient, as defined above, Such as gelatin and glycerine, or Sucrose and acacia, and together with one or more acceptable carriers thereof and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a Suitable optionally other therapeutic agents. Each carrier must be liquid carrier. “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other 50 Formulations for rectal administration may be presented ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the as a Suppository with a Suitable base comprising for example patient. Formulations include those Suitable for oral, rectal, cocoa butter or a Salicylate. nasal, topical (including transdermal buccal and Sublingual), Formulations Suitable for vaginal administration may be Vaginal or parenteral (including Subcutaneous, presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal and intravitreal) 55 or Spray formulations containing in addition to the active administration. The formulations may conveniently be pre ingredient Such carriers as are known in the art to be Sented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any appropriate. methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods Pharmaceutical formulations Suitable for rectal adminis include the Step of bringing into association the active tration wherein the carrier is a Solid are most preferably ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more 60 presented as unit dose Suppositories. Suitable carriers accessory ingredients. In general, the formulations are pre include cocoa butter and other materials commonly used in pared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the art. The Suppositories may be conveniently formed by the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided admixture of the active combination with the Softened or Solid carriers or both, and then if necessary shaping the melted carrier(s) followed by chilling and shaping in product. 65 moulds. The present invention further includes a pharmaceutical Formulations Suitable for parenteral administration formulation as hereinbefore defined wherein a compound of include aqueous and non-aqueous isotonic Sterile injection 6,077,832 10 Solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteri OStats and Solutes which render the formulation isotonic with (IV) the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non aqueous Sterile Suspensions which may include Suspending agents and thickening agents. The formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multidose Sealed containers, for example, ampules and vials, and may be Stored in a freeze dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of R the Sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use. wherein R, R and R are each a hydroxy or a Extemporaneous injection Solutions and Suspensions may protected hydroxy group and L' is a suitable leaving be prepared from Sterile powders, granules and tablets of the group in the Cl- or B- position, for example, a halo (for example fluoro, chloro or bromo), an alkyl- or kind previously described. arylthio (for example phenylthio), or an aryl or Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a 15 aliphatic ester group Such as benzoate or acetate. daily dose or unit, daily Sub-dose, as herein above recited, or and thereafter or Simultaneously there with effecting one or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient. more of the following further steps may be additionally It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients performed in any desired or necessary order: particularly mentioned above the formulations of this inven (i) removing any remaining protecting group(S); tion may include other agents conventional in the art having (ii) converting a compound of formula (I) or a protected regard to the type of formulation in question, for example, form thereof into a further compound of formula (I) or those Suitable for oral administration may include Such a protected form thereof; further agents as Sweeteners, thickeners and flavoring (iii) converting the compound of formula (I) or a pro agents. 25 tected form thereof into a pharmaceutically acceptable The present invention further includes the following derivative of the compound of formula (I) or a pro processes, for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) tected form thereof; above and derivatives thereof which comprises: (iv) converting a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of the compound of formula (I) or a protected form (A) reacting a compound of formula (II) thereof into the compound of formula (I) or a protected form thereof; (II) (v) converting a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative Cl N of the compound of formula (I) or a protected form thereof into another pharmaceutically acceptable X 35 derivative of the compound of formula (I) or a pro N Cl R5 tected form thereof; O (vi) where necessary, separating the alpha and beta ano mers of the compound of formula (I) or of a protected derivative thereof or of a pharmaceutically acceptable 40 derivative of a compound of formula (I) R. R. Process A may conveniently be used for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R is halogen. Such compounds may conveniently be prepared by reacting a wherein L is hydrogen and R, R and R are each a compound of formula (II) wherein L is hydrogen and R, R' hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group, with a Suitable 45 and R are protected hydroxy groups, preferably OC(O) halogenating agent Such as N-bromoSuccinamide or CH, with a halogenating agent. Halogenation may be when L is a Suitable leaving atom or group, for effected in a conventional manner, for example, bromination example, a halo atom Such as bromine or an organo (for using a brominating agent Such as N-bromoSuccinimide example alkyl) Sulphone, or organo (for example alkyl (NBS) in an aprotic solvent such as THF or preferably 1.4 or aralkyl) sulphate such as methylsulphone (MeS(O) 50 dioxane heated to 60-150° C., preferably 100° C. 2), methylsulphonate (MeS(O)2O) or tosylate Compounds of formula (I) wherein R is -NR'R' (4-MePhS(O)O) group and R, R and R are as (wherein R' and R are as hereinbefore defined) may hereinbefore defined, with an amine of formula advantageously be prepared from compounds of formula (II) H-NR'R' (wherein R and R are as hereinbefore wherein L is a halo atom, Such as a bromo or chloro atom. 55 By reaction with an amine H-NR'R' (wherein R and R' defined); or are as hereinbefore defined). The reaction is advantageously (B) reacting a compound of formula (III) effected at an elevated temperature, for example, 70-80 C., in an organic Solvent Such as ethanol or dimethylsulfoxide. (III) The protecting groups may be removed by conventional C N 60 chemical techniques well known to a skilled perSon. N Compounds of formula (II) wherein R, R" and R are each a hydroxy group can, for example, be prepared from a C corresponding compound of formula (II) wherein R, R" and - R are each a protected hydroxy group. Conventional pro 65 tecting groups may be used for R, R" and R. Advanta wherein R is as hereinbefore defined, with a compound geously ester groupS Such as those described above in of formula (IV) relation to the esters of the compounds of formula (I) may 6,077,832 11 12 be used. These protecting groups may be removed either by OC(O)CH. This compound may be prepared in an analo conventional chemical techniqueS Such as Sodium carbonate gous manner to that developed for D-ribose (R. D. Guthrie in methanol or enzymatically, for example, using pig liver and S. C. Smith., Chemistry and Industry, 1968, pp enzyme. Alternatively, R, R and R may include silyl 547-548), followed advantageously by recrystallisation protecting groups Such as tert-butyldiphenyl-, tert from ethanol. butyldimethyl-, triisopropropyl-silyl groups which may be The compounds of formula (V) wherein X is L or a removed using an appropriate fluoride Source, for example -NR'R' group (wherein L, R' and Rare as hereinbefore HF/Pyridine, n-BuNF or Et NF or a cyclic acetal or ketal defined), may be prepared in accordance with the methods Such as benzylidene or isopropylidene groups which can be described in PCT specification WO92/07867 incorporated removed under acidic conditions, for example, using toSic acid and methanol. herein by reference. Alternatively, the compound of formula (II) where R, R' Alternatively, compounds of formula (V) wherein X is R and Rare protected hydroxy groups may be reacted with an and R is a group -NR'R' wherein R and R are as agent or under conditions whereby the leaving group L is hereinbefore defined may be prepared by reacting a com converted to the desired R group Simultaneously with pound of formula (VI). removal of the protecting groups. Examples of Such agents 15 include cyclopropylamine and other primary and Secondary (VI) amines providing that these agents are Sufficiently nucleo philic and are not sterically hindered. Compounds of formula (I) wherein R is as hereinbefore defined and compounds of formula (II) wherein L is as hereinbefore defined may be prepared by reacting a com pound of formula (V) with an agent or agents capable of cyclising the diamine into a benzimidazole. Typically compounds of formula (I) may (V) 25 be reacted with an isothiocyanate of formula (VII) C N N S=C=NRR2 (VII) wherein R' and R are as hereinbefore defined. The reaction may be carried out in the presence of a carbodiimide Such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide or 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p- (wherein X is equivalent to R or L as hereinbefore defined) toluene-Sulphonate conveniently in the presence of an apro with a compound of formula (IV) tic aromatic Solvent Such as toluene and most preferably pyridine and at an elevated temperature, preferably 75-150 (IV) 35 C. R5 Compounds of formula (V) wherein X is hydrogen may be obtained commercially or alternatively may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (VI) with formamidine under aqueous acidic conditions, at room temperature to 80 40 C. R3 i 4 Compounds of formula (VI) and (VII) may be prepared by methods well known to a skilled person or readily (wherein R, R and R are each a hydroxy or a protected available in the chemical literature or obtained commer hydroxy group and L' is as hereinbefore defined. cially. The reaction of the compounds of formula (IV) and (V) 45 Esters according to the invention may be prepared by may be effected using a Lewis acid Such as trimethylsilyl methods well known in the art, for example, a compound of triflate, Stannic tetrachloride, or boron trifluoride, the former formula (I) may be converted into a pharmaceutically being preferred. The reaction is generally effected in an acceptable ester by reaction with an appropriate esterifying aprotic Solvent and at an elevated temperature, for example, agent, for example, an appropriate acid halide or anhydride. in acetonitrile at 15-30 C. or 1,2-dichloroethane at 70-90 50 A compound of formula (I) may be converted into a C. corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable ether of formula The compound of formula (V) is advantageously trimeth (I) by reaction with an appropriate alkylating agent in a ylsilylated at the N-position in the above procedures to conventional manner. improve solubility; for example by treatment with trimeth The compounds of formula (I) including esters thereof, ylsilyl chloride, hexamethyl disilaZane or, most preferably, 55 may be converted into pharmaceutically acceptable Salts N.O-bis-trimethylsilyl acetamide (BSA). This silylation can thereof in conventional manner, for example by treatment be effected in a solvent preferably 1,2-dichloroethane or with the appropriate acid. An ester or Salt of an ester of acetonitrile preferably at 70-80. After completion of the formula (I) may be converted into the parent compound, for silylation reaction, a Lewis acid may be added followed by example, by hydrolysis. addition of the compound of formula (IV). 60 The beta and alpha anomerS may be separated and iso Compounds of formula (IV) may be prepared by methods lated in pure form by Silica gel chromatography using a well known to a skilled perSon, for example, in a manner Single Solvent or a combination of Solvents Such as 1:20 analogous to that known for D-ribose derivatives or by methanol:dichloromethane. methods readily available from the chemical literature, for The present invention further includes the compounds of example, by methods described in Acton et al. J. Am. Chem. 65 formula (II) as hereinbefore defined as novel intermediates. Soc, 1964, 86,5352. A preferred compound of formula (IV) Preferred compounds of formula (II) include those wherein is the compound wherein R, R, R and L are each L is hydrogen or a halo atom, preferably chloro or bromo, 6,077,832 13 14 and R,R" and Rare hydroxy or protected hydroxy groups, Anal. Calcd. for CH7NOCl. Br: C, 41.25; H, 3.27; N, preferably OC(O)CH. 5.34. Found: C, 41.39; H, 3.35; N, 5.29. Particularly preferred compounds of formula (II) are 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-f-L- EXAMPLE 2 ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole and 2-bromo-5,6- dichloro-1-(B-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole. 2-Bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H The present invention also includes the intermediates of benzimidazole formula (V) wherein X is R and R is a group -NR'R' Sodium carbonate (0.28 g, 2.65 mmol) and 2-bromo-5,6- wherein R and R are as hereinbefore defined with the dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H proviso that R' and R are not both hydrogen or methyl. benzimidazole (1.39 g, 2.65 mmol) were combined with Preferred compounds of formula (V) include water (4 mL), methanol (20 mL) and ethanol (20 mL) and 2-(cyclopropylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1H-benzimidazole; 5,6- stirred at rt for 1.5 h. Acetic acid (0.3 mL, 5.3 mmol) was dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1H-benzimidazole and 5,6- added and the Suspension was concentrated to a Solid. dichloro-2-(2-fluoro-1-methylethylamino)-1H Purification of the residue on a silica gel column (2.5x20 cm, benzimidazole. 15 230–400 mesh) with 1:9 ethanol: CHCl gave 2-bromo-5, The following Examples are intended for illustration only 6-dichloro-1-beta-L-ribofuranosyl-1H-benzimidazole as a and are not intended to limit the Scope of the invention in any white amorphous solid (0.79 g, 2.0 mmol, 75%); m.p. 169 way. The term “active ingredient as used in the Pharmaceu C.; al’=(+) 105 (c=0.5 DMF); UV l, (e): pH 7.0: 298 tical examples means a compound of formula (I) or a nm (6,700), 289 (6.500), 255 (6.900); 0.1N NaOH: 298 nm pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. The term (6,700), 295 (5,400), 256 (6,700); MS (CI): m/z 399 (M+1); also covers a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically "H NMR (DMSO-d) d 8.57 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.96 (s, 1H, acceptable derivative thereof in combination with one or Ar–H), 5.89 (d, J=7.9 Hz, H-1'), 5.48 (d. 1H, OH, J=6.3 more therapeutic agents. Hz), 5.42 (t, 1H, OH, J=4.5 Hz), 5.29 (d. 1H, OH, J=4.2 Hz), EXAMPLE 1. 4.43 (apparent dd, 1H, H-2', J-13.3 Hz, J-6.1 Hz), 4.14 25 (apparent t, 1H, H-3', J-4.3 Hz), 4.01 (apparent d, 1H, H-4, 2-Bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L- J=1.7 Hz), 3.77–3.63 (m, 2H, H-5). ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl.Br. 0.20 CHO: C, 2-Bromo-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole (1.0 g, 3.8 mmol), 36.57; H, 3.02; N, 6.88. Found: C, 36.68; H, 2.85; N, 7.05. N.O-bis(trimethylsiyl) acetamide (Aldrich, 0.94 mL, 3.8 mmol), and acetonitrile (Aldrich Sure Seal, 25 mL) were EXAMPLE 3 combined and refluxed under nitrogen for 1 h. The solution 2-(Cyclopropylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L- was cooled to rt and trimethylsilyl triflate (Aldrich, 1.5 mL, ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole 7.6 mmol) was added. After 15 min, solid 1,2,3,5-tetra-O- acetyl-L-ribofuranose (1.2 g, 3.8 mmol), prepared by the 35 Cyclopropylamine (5 mL ) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1- method of Guthrie and Smith (Chemistry and Industry, (2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H 1968, pp 547-548) except that L-ribose was used as the benzimidazole (0.10 g, 0.25 mmol) were combined with Starting material, was added. The Solution was stirred under absolute ethanol (5 mL) and stirred at 75° C. for 24 h. The nitrogen at rt for 18 h, then poured into 10% aqueous Sodium reaction mixture was concentrated and purified on a Silica bicarbonate (100 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane 40 gel column (2.5 cmx14 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:20 (2x150 mL). The organic layers were dried with magnesium methanol:dichloromethane to give 0.073 g of product. This Sulfate (anhyd), filtered, and evaporated. The crude residue material was further purified on a Second Silica gel column was purified on a silica gel column (5x20 cm, 230-400 (2.5 cmx10 cm, 230–400 mesh) with 1:5:5 methanol: ethyl mesh) with 1:30 acetone : CHCl to give 2-bromo-5,6- acetate:hexanes to give a white Solid (0.051 g, 0.14 mmol, dichloro-1-(3,4,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H 45 55%); m.p. 228–230° C. (dec); a '-(-) 17.4 (c=0.5 benzimidazole (1.2 g, 2.2 mmol, 60%); m.p. 142 C.; Ethanol, Abs); UV l (e): pH 7.0: 303 nm (10.400), 274 a=(+) 87.4 (c=0.5 DMF); UV l. (e) pH=7.0: 298 nm (1,700), 259 (9,100); 0.1 N. NaOH: 304 nm (10,700), 295 (7,600), 289 (7,400), 254 (8,800); 0.1 N NaOH: 298 nm (1,900), 259 (8,800); MS (CI): m/z (rel. intensity)374 (13.2, (7,600), 289 (7,400), 256 (7,300); MS (EI): m/z (rel. M+1); H NMR (DMSO-d) d 7.6 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.42 (s, intensity) 524 (0.15, M"); H NMR (DMSO-d) d 8.08 (s, 50 1H, Ar–H), 5.71 (d. 1H, J=7.6 Hz, H-1'), 5.65 (t, 1H, OH, 1H, Ar-H), 8.01 (s, 1H, Ar-H), 6.22 (d. 1H, H-1', J-7.1 J=4.3 Hz), 5.25-5.21 (m, 2H, OH), 4.22 (apparent dd, 1H, Hz), 5.56 (dd, 1H, H-2', J-7.1 Hz, J=7.2 Hz), 5.45 (dd, 1H, H-2', J=13.4 Hz, J=7.6 Hz), 4.02 (apparent t, 1H, H-3', J-7.1 H-3', J–7.2 Hz, J=4.5 Hz), 4.55–4.47 (m, 2H, H-4 and 5), Hz), 3.95 (s, 1H, H-4), 3.67–3.62 (m, 2H, H-5), 2.78–2.74 4.37 (d. 1H, H-5", J=9.7 Hz), 2.15 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.14 (s, 3H, (m, 1H, cyclopropyl-CH), 0.67 (d, 2H, J=7.1 Hz, OAc), 2.01 (s, 3H, OAc). 55 cyclopropyl-CH), 0.53–0.47 (m, 2H, cyclopropyl-CH-). Anal. Calcd. for C.H.N.O.ClBr: C, 41.25; H, 3.27; N, Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. 0.50 CHO. 0.15 5.34. Found: C, 41.16; H, 3.39; N, 5.20. CH: C, 49.98; H, 5.18; N, 9.77. Found: C, 49.86; H, 5.18; In addition, a Small amount of the alpha anomer N, 9.80. (2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L- EXAMPLE 4 ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole) was obtained (0.11 g, 60 0.22 mmol, 6%); m.p. <65° C.; al’=(-) 206.8 (c=0.5 2-(Allylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L- DMF); MS (AP+): m/z (rel. intensity): 524 (0.8, M"); H ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole NMR (DMSO-d) d 7.95 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.91 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 6.66 (d. 1H, H-1', J–4.2 Hz), 5.68 (t, 1H, H-2', Allylamine (5 mL) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5- J=4.6 Hz), 5.52 (t, 1H, H-3', J-5.9 Hz), 4.87–4.81 (m, 1H, 65 tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.60 H-4), 4.37-4.24 (m, 2H, H-5), 2.08 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.03 (s, g, 1.14 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (10 mL) 3H, OAc), 1.51 (s, 3H, OAc). and stirred at 75 C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was

6,077,832 17 18 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:20 ethanol:dichloromethane to mL) and stirred at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was give 0.18 g of crude product. This material was further concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx16 purified on a chromatotron, fitted with a 2 mm rotor, using cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane 1:9 methanol:dichloromethane to give a light yellow solid (500 mL), then 1:9 methanol:dichloromethane. Crude prod (0.135 g, 0.36 mmol, 32%); m.p. 182–184° C.; al’=(-) uct was obtained which was further purified on a Silica gel 9.2 (c=0.5 DMF); UV l(e); pH 7.0: 300 nm (8,900), 272 filter pad with 1:1 acetone: dichloromethane and then with (1,700), 258 (8,300); 0.1 N NaOH: 301 nm (8,700), 272 1:2 ethanol:dichloromethane. Further purification on a chro (1,800), 259 (7,500); MS (CI): m/z (rel. intensity)372 (100, matotron fitted with a 2 mm rotor, using 1:6 ethanol: ethyl M+1); H NMR (DMSO-d) d7.73 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.58 (t, acetate provided pure product (0.064 g., 0.17 mmol, 14%); 1H, J=5.5 Hz, NH), 7.43 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 5.75 (d. 1H, H-1', a=(-) 14.2 (c=0.5 DMF). J=5.0 Hz), 5.66 (t, 1H, OH, J=4.3 Hz), 5.29 (d. 1H, OH, Anal. Calcd. for CH7NOCl. 0.50 H.O: C, 43.43; H, J=7.6 Hz), 5.24 (d. 1H, OH, J=4.2 Hz), 4.28 (apparent dd, 4.69; N, 10.85. Found: C, 43.74; H, 5.02; N, 10.53. 1H, H-2', J-13.2 Hz, J=7.4 Hz), 4.11-4.04 (m, 3H, H-3', C H), 3.97 (br. s. 1H, H-4), 3.73–3.61 (m, 2H, H-5), 3.10 (s, EXAMPLE 13 1H, CH). 15 Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. 0.75 HO: C, 46.71; H, 5,6-Dichloro-2-((1-ethylpropyl)amino)-1-(beta-L- 4.31; N, 10.89. Found: C, 46.52; H, 4.23; N, 10.72. ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole 1-Ethylpropylamine (5 ml) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1- EXAMPLE 10 (2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H 5,6-Dichloro-2-(n-propylamino)-1-(beta-L- benzimidazole (0.6 g., 1.1 mmol) were combined with abso ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole lute ethanol (20 mL) and stirred at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified on a Silica Propylamine (7 mL) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5- gel column (2.5 cmx16 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:15 tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.6 methanol:dichloromethane to give product (0.31 g) with a g, 1.1 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (10 mL) 25 small amount of impurity. This material was further purified and stirred at 70° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was on a chromatotron, fitted with a 2 mm rotor, using 1:2 concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx16 acetone:dichloromethane to give a white solid (0.24g, 0.59 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:9 ethanol:dichloromethane to mmol, 52%); a=(-) 39.4 (c=0.5 DMF). give an off white solid (0.36 g., 0.96 mmol, 84%); m.p. Anal. Calcd. for C2HNOCl: C, 50.50; H, 5.73; N, 231-233°C.; al’=(-) 23.6 (c=0.5 DMF); UV l, (e): pH 10.39. Found: C, 50.44; H, 5.88; N, 10.14. 7.0:305 nm (9,900), 275 (1.500), 260 (9,800); 0.1N NaOH: 305 nm (9,800), 276 (1,600), 260 (7,800; MS (CI): m/z (rel. EXAMPLE 1.4 intensity) 376 (100, M+1); H NMR (DMSO-d) d 7.60 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.35 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.15 (t, 1H, J=5.4 Hz, 2-(Cyclohexylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L- NH), 5.74 (d. 1H, H-1', J-7.6 Hz), 5.66 (t, 1H, OH, J=4.0 35 ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole Hz), 5.28 (d. 1H, OH, J=7.6 Hz), 5.24 (d. 1H, OH, J=4.2 Cyclohexylamine (5 ml) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2, Hz), 4.34-4.25 (m, 1H, H-2), 4.06 (apparent t, 1H, H-3', 3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole J=4.7 Hz), 4.00 (br. s, 1H, H-4), 3.72-3.61 (m, 2H, H-5), (0.6 g., 1.1 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (20 3.31–324 (m, 2H, NHCH), 1.57 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz, CH), 40 mL) and stirred at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was 0.88 (t, 3H, J-7.5 Hz, CH). concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx16 Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. 0.25 HO: C, 47.32; H, cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:15 methanol:dichloromethane to 5.16; N, 11.04. Found: C, 47.43; H, 5.20; N, 10.74. give product (0.38 g) with a small amount of impurity. This EXAMPLE 11 material was further purified on a chromatotron, fitted with 45 a 2 mm rotor, using 1:2 acetone:dichloromethane to give, in 5,6-Dichloro-2-(isobutylamino)-1-(beta-L- addition to 0.25 g of slightly impure material, pure product ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole as a white solid (0.059 g, 0.14 mmol, 12%); a "=(-) 24.0 (c=0.5 DMF). Isobutylamine (10 ml) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3, Anal. Calcd. for C.HNOCl. 0.30 H.O: C, 51.27; H, 5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.6 50 5.64; N, 9.96. Found: C, 51.18; H, 5.68; N, 9.88. g, 1.1 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (50 mL) and stirred at 75 C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was EXAMPLE 1.5 concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx16 2-Anilino-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane benzimidazole (500 mL), then 1:9 methanol:dichloromethane to give a tan 55 solid (0.39 g, 1.0 mmol.90%); m.p. 136 C.; a =(-) 28.4 Aniline (5 ml) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O- (c=0.5 DMF). acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.6 g., 1.1 Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl: C, 48.13; H, 5.55; N, mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (35 mL) and 10.52. Found: C, 48.08; H, 5.57; N, 10.41. stirred at 80° C. for 14 days. The reaction mixture was 60 concentrated and the aniline was distilled off under high EXAMPLE 12 vacuum at 80 C. The brown residue was dissolved in 2-((5,6-Dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H methanol (50 mL) and KCO was added. This solution was benzimidazol-2-yl)amino)ethanol stirred for 18 h. The Solution was filtered, concentrated and purified on a silica gel column (2.5 cmx16 cm, 230-400 Ethanolamine (25 ml) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3, 65 mesh) with 1:15 methanol:dichloromethane to give a white 5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole solid (0.024 g., 0.06 mmol, 5%). MS (AP+): m/z (rel. (0.62g, 1.2 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (50 intensity) 410 (19.39, M+1); H NMR (DMSO-d) d 9.09 (s. 6,077,832 19 20 1H, NH), 7.83 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.78 (d. 1H, Ar-H, J=7.9 g, 1.1 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (10 mL) Hz), 7.58 (s, 2H, Ar–H), 7.31 (t, 2H, Ar-H, J=7.9 Hz), and stirred at 80° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was 6.99 (t, 1H, Ar-H, J=7.5 Hz), 5.95 (d. 1H, H-1', J-7.8 Hz), concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx 18 5.86 (t, 1H, OH, J=44 Hz), 5.38 (d. 1H, OH, J-7.6 Hz), 5.30 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:9 methanol:dichloromethane. (d. 1H, OH, J=4.2 Hz), 4.33 (apparent dd, 1H, H-4, J=13.4 Crude product was obtained (0.73 g) which was further Hz, J=7.8 Hz), 4.11 (apparent t, 1H, H-2',J-4.8 Hz), 4.05 (s, purified on a chromatotron, fitted with a 2 mm rotor, using 1H, H-4), 3.79–3.71 (m, 2H, H-5'). 1:2 acetone:dichloromethane to give an off white solid (0.20 g, 0.51 mmol, 45%) m.p. 220-222 C.; a "=(-) 17.2 EXAMPLE 16 (c=0.5 DMF). 5,6-Dichloro-2-(n-pentylamino)-1-(beta-L- Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. /10 H.O. "/3 CHO: C, ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole 49.91; H, 5.79; N, 9.98. Found: C, 49.75; H, 5.90; N, 10.16. n-Pentylamine (5 ml) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3, EXAMPLE 1.9 5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.6 2-(sec-Butylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L- g, 1.1 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (10 mL) 15 ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole and stirred at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was sec-Butylamine (3 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2, concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx16 3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:15 methanol:dichloromethane to (0.6 g., 1.1 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (10 give 0.55g of product with some impurities. This material mL) and stirred at 80° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was was repurified on a Second Silica gel column (2.5 cmx 16 cm, concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx 18 230–400 mesh) with 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane to give cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane. an off-white solid (0.40 g, 0.99 mmol, 87%) m.p. 102-103 Crude product was obtained (0.37 g) which was further C.; a =(-) 22.0 (c=0.5 DMF). purified on a chromatotron, fitted with a 2 mm rotor, using Anal. Calcd. for C2HNOCl: C, 50.50; H, 5.73; N. 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane to give an off white solid 10.40. Found: C, 50.25; H, 5.85; N, 10.26. 25 which was a mixture of diastereomers (0.21 g, 0.55 mmol, 48%) m.p. 121-122 C.; al’=(-) 23.8 (c=0.5 DMF). EXAMPLE 1.7 Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. 7/10 HO: C, 47.70; H, 2-((5,6-Dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H 5.60; N, 10.43. Found: C, 47.76 H, 5.51; N, 10.16. benzimidazol-2-yl)amino)acetonitrile EXAMPLE 2.0 Amino acetonitrile hydrochloride (1.2g, 13 mmol), tri 2-(Cyclobutylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L- ethylamine (5 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.6 g. Cyclobutylamine (3 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2, 1.1 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (40 mL) 35 3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole and stirred at 80 C. for 3 days. The reaction mixture was (0.6 g., 1.1 mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (10 concentrated and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate mL) and stirred at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was (150 mL) and extracted with 10% sodium bicarbonate (25 concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx 18 mL) then with water (2x25 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was cm, 230-400 mesh) with 2:1 ethyl acetate:hexanes. Crude dried (NaSO) decanted and concentrated to a brown oil 40 product was obtained (0.42 g) which was further purified by (0.67 g) and purified on a silica gel column (2.5 cmx 18 cm, multiple cyclings on a chromatotron, fitted with a 2 mm 230–400 mesh) with 1:15 methanol:dichloromethane. The rotor, using 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane to give a white two main products off the column were 2-bromo-5,6- solid (0.26g, 0.67 mmol, 59%) m.p. 220–221 C.; al’= dichloro-1-(5-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H (-) 22.4 (c=0.5 DMF). benzimidazole (0.32 g) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta 45 L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.14 g). A lower R. Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl: C, 49.50; H, 4.93; N, material (0.19 g) was also isolated and further purified on a 10.82. Found: C, 49.22 H, 4.90; N, 10.61. chromatotron fitted with a 2 mm rotor using 1:20 metha EXAMPLE 21 nol:dichloromethane to give an off white solid (0.024g, 0.06 mmol, 5%); MS (AP-): m/z (rel. intensity) 371 (80, M-2); 2-(Cycloheptylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L- H NMR (DMSO-d) d 7.87 (t, 1H, NH, J-5.9 Hz), 7.83 (s, 50 ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole 1H, Ar–H), 7.52 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 5.74 (d. 1H, H-1', J-7.6 Cycloheptylamine (2 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1- Hz), 5.68 (t, 1H, OH, J=4.1 Hz), 5.32 (d. 1H, OH, J=7.1 Hz), (beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.4g, 1.0 mmol) 5.23 (d. 1H, OH, J=4.2 Hz), 4.37 (d. 2H, CHCN, J=5.3 Hz), were combined with absolute ethanol (10 mL) and stirred at 4.28 (apparent dd, 1H, H-4, J=13.0 Hz, J=7.2 Hz), 4.07 55 80 C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and (apparent t, 1H, H-3', J-3.5 Hz), 3.98 (s, 1H, H-3"), purified on a silica gel column (2.5 cmx18 cm, 230-400 3.73–3.63 (m, 2H, H-5). mesh) with 1:20:20 methanol:ethyl acetate:hexanes to give Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. 0.30 CHO. 0.15 an off white solid (0.13 g, 0.3 mmol, 30%) m.p. 137–138 CHCl: C, 43.88; H, 3.95; N, 14.16. Found: C, 43.81; H, C.; a =(-) 21.6 (c=0.5 DMF). 3.90; N, 14.21. 60 Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. 1/10 H.O: C, 50.70; H, 6.09: N, 9.33. Found: C, 50.91 H, 5.91; N, 9.13. EXAMPLE 1.8 EXAMPLE 22 2-(n-Butylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L- 5,6-Dichloro-2-((2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl)amino)-1- ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole 65 (beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole n-Butylamine (5 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3, 1-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrrolidine (1.9 mL, 13.5 mmol), tri 5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.6 ethylamine (2 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L- 6,077,832 21 22 ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.6 g., 1.1 mmol) were Sulfate), decanted, and concentrated to give 4.0 g of a gold combined with absolute ethanol (10 mL) and stirred at 80° Solid. This material was purified on a silica gel column (5 C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and cmx16 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:30 methanol:dichlo purified on a silica gel column (2.5 cmx18 cm, 230-400 romethane to give an off white Solid (2.21 g, 4.3 mmol, mesh) with 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane. The main prod 73%); al’=(-) 28.4 (c=0.5 DMF). uct off the column was dissolved in deionized water neu Anal. Calcd. for CH7NO, Cl. 1 CHO C, 50.37; H, tralized and extracted into dichloromethane to give an off 5.70; N, 7.66. Found: C, 50.74; H, 5.41; N, 7.28. white solid (0.26 g., 0.6 mmol, 53%) m.p. 123-124° C.; a'-(-) 20.4 (c=0.5 DMF). EXAMPLE 26 Anal. Calcd. for C.H.N.O.C1.3/2 H.O. /3 CHO: C, 47.82, H, 6.22; N, 11.15. Found: C, 47.79 H, 6.06; N, 10.97. 2-(tert-Butylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1H-benzimidazole 4,5-Dichlorophenylene diamine (8.0 g, 45.2 mmol) EXAMPLE 23 (Aldrich, Milwaukee, Wis.) was combined with tert-butyl isothiocyanate (6.3 mL, 49.7 mmol) (Aldrich, Milwaukee, 2-((Cyclopropylmethyl)amino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta 15 Wis.) in anhydrous pyridine (100 mL). The solution was L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole heated at 80° C. for 1 h under nitrogen. 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2- (Aminomethyl)cyclopropene hydrochloride (1.6 g., 15 morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluene-Sulphonate mmol), tributylamine (2 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1- (24.9 g, 58.8 mmol) (Fluka Chemika) was added along with (beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.55 g, 1.05 anhydrous pyridine (90 mL). This solution was heated at 90° mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (10 mL) and C. for 2.5 h. The pyridine was removed by rotoevaporation, stirred at 80° C. for 6 h. The reaction mixture was concen and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (300 uM) and trated and purified on a silica gel column (2.5 cmx18 cm, extracted with water (4x100 mL). The ethyl acetate layer 230–400 mesh) with 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane. The was treated with decolorizing carbon and washed through a main product off the column was repurified on a Silica gel silica gel filter pad (4x8 cm, 230-400 mesh) using ethyl column (2.5 cmx 18 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:10:10 metha 25 acetate. The crude product was purifed on a Silica gel nol:ethyl acetate:hexanes to give an off white solid (0.30 g, column (5x16 cm, 230-400 mesh) using (1:4) ethyl acetate 0.77 mmol, 74%) m.p. 229–230° C.; al’=(-) 24.8 (c=0.5 : hexane. Crude fractions were repurified on a Second DMF). identical column using (1:3) ethyl acetate : hexane. Pure Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl: C, 49.50; H, 4.93; N, fractions from the two columns were combined to give a tan 10.83. Found: C, 49.30 H, 5.02; N, 10.66. solid (3.13 g, 12.1 mmol, 27%); m.p. 219–221 C.; MS (API+): m/z (rel. intensity) 258 (100, M+1); H NMR EXAMPLE 24 (DMSO-d) d 10.31 (s, 1H, NH), 7.31 (s, 2H, Ar–H), 6.61 2-(tert-Butylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-1(beta-L- (s, 1H, NH), 1.38 (s, 9H, t-butyl). 35 Anal. Calcd. for CHNCl: C, 51.18; H, 5.08; N, ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole 16.28. Found: C, 51.11; H, 5.12; N, 16.18. A solution of 2-(tert-butylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5- tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (2.0 EXAMPLE 27 g, 3.9 mmol) in methanol (40 mL) and ethanol (40 mL) was 2-Amino-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H combined with a solution of sodium carbonate (0.61 g, 5.8 40 mmol) in water (10 mL). The solution was stirred at rt for 5 benzimidazole h, then the methanol and ethanol were removed on the A solution of 2-amino-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl rotoevaporator. The Solution was then extracted between beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (1.0g, 2.2 mmol) ethyl acetate (150 mL) and saturated NaCl (20 mL). The in methanol (17 mL) and ethanol (17 mL) was combined organics were concentrated and purified on a Silica gel 45 with a solution of sodium carbonate (0.25 g, 2.4 mmol) in column (2.5 cmx14 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:20 metha water (4 mL). The solution was stirred at rt for 64 h, then the nol:dichloromethane to give a white Solid (1.25 g, 3.2 mmol, methanol and ethanol were removed on the rotoevaporator. 83%) m.p. 118–120° C.; al’=(-) 30.2 (c=0.5 DMF). The solution was then extracted between ethyl acetate Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl: % H.O. 2/S CHO C, (2x100 mL) and saturated NaCl (20 mL). The organics were 48.01; H, 5.75; N, 10.24. Found: C, 48.20; H, 5.73; N, 10.05. 50 concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column (2.5 cmx14 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:10 methanol:dichloromethane to EXAMPLE 25 give a white solid (4.1 g, 1.24 mmol, 57%) m.p. 110-112 2-(tert-Butylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O- C.; al’=(-) 4.2 (c=0.5 DMF). acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. 3/S H.O. 2/S CHO: C, 55 41.63; H, 4.45; N, 11.74. Found: C, 41.47; H, 4.27; N, 11.58. Anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane (15 mL), 2-(tert butylamino)-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole (1.5g, 5.84 mmol), EXAMPLE 28 and N.O-bistrimethylsilylacetamide (2.2 mL, 8.8 mmol) 2-Amino-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L- were combined and stirred at 80° C. for 30 min. Trimeth ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole ylsilyl triflate (1.1 mL, 5.84 mmol) was added and the 60 Solution was stirred at 80° C. for 45 min. Solid 1,2,3,4-tetra Anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane (100 mL), 2-amino-5,6- O-acetyl-L-ribofuranoside (L-TAR) (2.0 g, 6.42 mmol) was dichloro-benzimidazole (10g, 49.5 mmol) (synthesized by added and stirring was continued at 80° C. for 3 h. More the method of Homer and Henry J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, L-TAR was added (0.5g, 1.6 mmol) at this time. After 1 hr 946–949), and N.O-bistrimethylsilylacetamide (18.3 mL, the reaction was quenched with cold Saturated Sodium 65 74.2 mmol) were combined and stirred at 80° C. for 30 min. bicarbonate (40 mL), then extracted with dichloromethane all the solids dissolved. Trimethylsilyl triflate (9.3 mL, 48.3 (2x150 mL). The combined organics were dried (sodium mmol) was added and the solution was stirred at 80° C. for 6,077,832 23 24 20 min. Solid 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-L-ribofuranoside, dissolved. Trimethylsilyl triflate (0.75 mL, 3.9 mmol) was (L-TAR), (17.3 g, 54.4 mmol), was added in four portions added and the solution was stirred at rt for 15 min during over a period of 3 h while stirring was continued at 80 C. which time a large amount of solid formed. Solid 1,2,3,4- Fortyfive minutes after the last addition, the reaction was tetra-O-acetyl-L-ribofuranoside, (L-TAR), (1.0 g, 3.1 quenched with cold saturated sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), mmol), was added then the solution was warmed to 80° C. then extracted with dichloromethane (200 mL). The com All the Solids dissolved. After 1.5 h the reaction mixture was bined organics were dried (Sodium Sulfate), decanted, and quenched with cold Saturated Sodium bicarbonate (10 mL), concentrated to give 24.8g of a thick red oil. This material then extracted with dichloromethane (100 mL). The organics was purified on a silica gel column (5x20 cm, 230-400 were dried (Sodium Sulfate), decanted, and concentrated to mesh) with 1:40 methanol:dichloromethane. NMR showed give 1.7g of a yellow oil. This material was purified on a high R product from the column contained a trimethylsilyl silica gel column (2.5x18 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:40 group. These fractions were reacted with tetrabutyl ammo methanol:dichloromethane to give 1.37 g of a partially pure nium fluoride in THF for 24 h, and filtered through a silica product. A second silica gel column (2.5x16 cm, 230-400 gel filter pad with 1:10 methanol : dichloromethane. mesh) with 2:3 hexane:ethyl acetate gave pure product as a All product containing fractions were combined and repu 15 white solid. (0.8g, 1.78 mmol,57%); a "=(+)46.8 (c=0.5 rified on a silica gel column (5x14 cm, 230-400 mesh) with DMF). 1:1 acetone:dichloromethane to give an off white solid (3.4 Anal. Calcd. for C.H.N.O.C.: C, 48.56 H.4.07; N, g, 7.4 mmol, 15%); a '-(+) 48.0 (c=0.5 DMF). 6.29. Found: C, 48.45; H, 4.11: N, 6.19. Anal. Calcd. for CHNO,Cl. 4 CH-Cl. V3 CHO: C, 46.46 H, 4.44; N, 8.23. Found: C, 46.59; H, 4.35; N, 8.07. EXAMPLE 32 EXAMPLE 29 2-Acetamido-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)- 1H-benzimidazole 5,6-Dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-2-((2,2,2- A solution of 2-acetamido-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O- trifluoroethyl)amino-1H-benzimidazole 25 acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.35 g, Triethylamine (2 mL), 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine (2 mL), 0.75 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) and ethanol (8 mL) was and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H combined with a Solution of Sodium carbonate (0.12 g, 1.1 benzimidazole (0.4 g, 1.0 mmol) were combined with mmol) in water (2 mL). The solution was stirred at rt for 24 DMSO (10 mL) and stirred, in a sealed tube, at 80° C. for h, then the methanol and ethanol were removed on the 17 days. The reaction mixture was extracted between water rotoevaporator. The Solution was then extracted between (30 mL) and dichloromethane (3x100 mL). The organics ethyl acetate (2x150 mL) and saturated NaCl (20 mL). The were concentrated and purified by multiple cyclings on a organics were concentrated and purified by multiple chromatotron fitted with a 2 mm rotor using 1:4 cyclings on a chromatotron, fitted with a 2 mm rotor, using 1:10 methanol:dichloromethane to give a white solid (0.067 acetone:dichloromethane then 1:15 methanol:dichlo 35 g, 0.18 mmol, 23%); This material was identified by 'H romethane to give an off white solid (0.02 g, 0.05 mmol, NMR, MS and HPLC, it contained about 7% of 2-amino 5%); MS (API+): m/z (rel. intensity) 416 (100, M"). 5,6-dichloro-beta-L-ribofuranosyl-1H-benzimidazole by "H Anal. Calcd. for CHNOFC1. "/2 H2O. /S CHO: C, 39.42; H, 4.13: N, 9.25. Found: C, 39.34; H, 3.95; N, 9.08. NMR. HPLC showed two small (-5%) impurities. 40 EXAMPLE 33 EXAMPLE 30 5,6-Dichloro-2-(methylamino)-1-(beta-L- 5,6-Dichloro-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole benzimidazole 45 Methylamine hydrochloride (3.0 g, 45 mmol), triethy A solution of 5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L- lamine (3 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O- ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.43 g, 0.96 mmol) in acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.6 g., 1.1 methanol (10 mL) and ethanol (10 mL) was combined with mmol) were combined with absolute ethanol (25 mL) and a Solution of Sodium carbonate (0.15g, 1.4 mmol) in water stirred at 80°C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was separated (2.5 mL). The solution was stirred at rt for 24 h. then the 50 between saturated sodium bicarbonate (50 mL) and ethyl methanol and ethanol were removed on the rotoevaporator. acetate (150 mL). The organic layer was dried with sodium The solution was then extracted between ethyl acetate Sulfate, concentrated and absorbed onto Silica gel (15 g). (4x100 mL) and saturated NaCl (20 mL). The organics were This material was dry loaded onto a Silica gel column (5 concentrated to give an analytically pure white Solid (0.27g, cmx10 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:10 methanol:dichlo 0.85 mmol, 88%) m.p. 209-210° C.; al’=(+) 63 (c=0.5 romethane. The main product came off the column as a white DMF). 55 solid (0.22 g, 0.62 mmol, 54%) m.p. 238–240° C.; a = Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl.2/SHO. /10 CHO: C, (-) 15.2 (c=0.5 DMF). 44.44; H, 4.09; N, 8.36. Found: C, 44.49; H, 3.91; N, 8.14. Anal. Calcd. for CHNOCl. /3 CHO: C, 44.52; H, EXAMPLE 31 4.70, N, 11.54. Found: C, 44.43; H, 4.58; N, 11.36. 60 5,6-Dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L- EXAMPLE 34 ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole 5,6-Dichloro-2-(ethylamino)-1-(beta-L- Anhydrous acetonitrile (20 mL), 5,6-dichloro ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole benzimidazole (EMS-Dottikon AG) (0.59 g, 3.1 mmol), and 65 Ethylamine hydrochloride (3.7g, 46 mmol), triethylamine N.O-bistrimethylsilylacetamide (0.77 mL, 3.1 mmol) were (7 mL), and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl combined and stirred at 80 C. for 30 min. All the Solids beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.60 g, 1.1 mmol) 6,077,832 25 26 were combined with absolute ethanol (20 mL) and stirred at Hz, J=4.0 Hz), 4.10 (dd, 1H, H-3', J-7.3 Hz, J=4.3 Hz), 80 C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was separated between 4.05-3.94 (m, 2H, isopropyl CH, H-4), 3.69–3.63 (m, 1H, saturated sodium bicarbonate (2x50 mL) and ethyl acetate H-5'), 3.49-3.41 (m, 1H, H-5"), 1.19 (d. 3H, J=6.5 Hz, (200 mL). The organics were dried with sodium sulfate, isopropyl-CH), 1.18 (m, 3H, isopropyl-CH-). concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column (2.5x18 Anal. Calcd. for CH-NOCl. 0.4 CHCl: C, 45.09; cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:20 methanol:dichloromethane. H, 4.86; N, 10.24. Found: C, 45.10; H. 4.97; N, 10.00. The main product off the column was a white solid (0.30 g, 0.96 mmol, 87%) m.p. 155-157° C.; al’=(-) 20.6 (c=0.5 EXAMPLE 37 DMF). 5,6-Dichloro-2-((2-fluoro-1-methylethylamino)-1- Anal. Calcd. for CH-NOCl. /2 HO: C, 45.30; H, (beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole 4.89; N, 11.32. Found: C, 45.44; H, 4.78; N, 11.18. Sodium carbonate (0.032 g, 0.30 mmol) and 5,6-dichloro 2-(2-fluoroisopropylamino)-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L- EXAMPLE 35 ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.10g, 0.20 mmol) were 2-Cyclopropylamino-5,6-dichloro-1-(alpha-L- 15 combined with water (1 mL), methanol (2.5 mL) and ethanol ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (2.5 mL) and stirred at rt for 3 h. The solution was concen trated to remove most of the methanol and ethanol and then Cyclopropylamine (10 mL) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1- combined with ethyl acetate (75 mL). This solution was (2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H extracted with sat'd NaCl (2x5 mL). The organics were benzimidazole (0.60 g, 1.1 mmol) (obtained as a minor dried (NaSO), decanted, and concentrated. Purification of product from the Synthesis of the beta anomer, See Example the residue on a chromatrotron, fitted with a 1 mm rotor, with 1) were combined with absolute ethanol (50 mL) and stirred 1:10 methanol : CHCl gave a white solid (0.066 g., 0.17 at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated mmol, 84%); a =(-) 24.8 (c=0.5 DMF); MS (AP+): m/z and purified on a silica gel column (2.5x16 cm, 230-400 (rel. intensity) 394 (98, M"); H NMR (DMSO-d) d 7.64(s, mesh) with 1:9 methanol:dichloromethane to give 0.25 g of 25 1H, Ar–H), 7.37 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.13 (d. 0.5H, NH, J=7.9 crude product. This material was further purified by multiple Hz), 7.07 (d. 0.5H, NH, J-7.6 Hz), 5.76 (d. 1H, J=7.9 Hz, cycles on a chromatotron, fitted with a 1 mm Silica gel rotor, H-1'), 5.69 (m, 1H, OH), 5.31–5.23 (m, 2H, OH), 4.51–4.45 with 1:15 methanol: dichloromethane to give a white solid (m, 1H, CHF), 4.35–4.32 (m, 1H, CHF), 4.29-4.17 (m, (0.060 g, 0.14 mmol, 14%); m.p. 140-141 C.; a '-(-) 2H, H-2 and H-3), 4.06–3.97 (m, 1H, NHCH), 3.97 (br. s, 51.8 (c=0.5 DMF); UV l. (e): pH 7.0: 303 nm (10,600), 1H, H-4), 3.70–3.31 (m, 2H, H-5), 1.22–1.18 (m, 3H, 274 (1,700); 0.1 N. NaOH: 304 nm (10,800), 275 (2.400); CH(CH)). MS (CI): m/z (rel. intensity) 374 (29.7, M+1); H NMR Anal. Calcd. for CH-NOCIF. 0.40 H.O: C, 44.88; (DMSO-d) d 7.48 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.38 (s, 1H, Ar–H), H, 4.72; N, 10.47. Found: C, 44.98; H, 4.76; N, 10.46. 7.08 (br. S, 1H, NH), 5.86 (d. 1H, H-1', J-3.4 Hz), 5.50 (d. EXAMPLE 38 1H, OH, J=4.5Hz), 5.22 (d. 1H, OH, J=7.1 Hz), 4.84 (t, 1H, 35 OH, J-5.7 Hz), 4.15 (dd, 1H, H-2', J-7.9 Hz, J=4 Hz), 7.9 5,6-Dichloro-2-((2-fluoro-1-methylethylamino)-1-(2, Hz, J=4 Hz), 4.10 (dd, 1H, H-3', J-7.3 Hz, J=4.5 Hz), 3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H 4.05-4.01 (m, 1H, H-4), 3.66–3.61 (m, 1H, H-5'), 3.47-3.41 (m, 1H, H-5"), 2.74-2.71 (dd, 1H, cyclopropyl-CH, J=6.7 benzimidazole Hz, J=3.3 Hz), 0.69 (d. 2H, J=6.9 Hz, cyclopropyl-CH-), Fluoroacetone (5 g) and 5,6-dichloro-2-amino-1-(2,3,5- 0.51-0.45 (m, 2H, cyclopropyl-CH). 40 tri-O-acetyl-beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (0.38 Anal. Calcd. for CH7NOCl. 0.60 CHO. O.2 g, 0.82 mmol) were combined with tosic acid (0.050 g., 0.26 CHCl: C, 46.24; H, 4.86; N, 10.24. Found: C, 46.13; H, mmol) and stirred at reflux in a flask fitted with a Dean Stark 4.83; N, 10.28. trap. After four hours sodium cyanoborohydride (0.16 g, 2.4 45 mmol) was added and reflux was continued for six hours. EXAMPLE 36 The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with sat d NaCl (2x50 mL) and water (50 mL). The 5,6-Dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1-(alpha-L- organics were dried (Na2SO), decanted, and concentrated. ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole The crude product was purified on a Silica gel column (230–400 mesh, 2.5x18 cm) with 1:25 methanol: CHCI Isopropylamine (10 mL) and 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2, 50 gave 0.19 g of crude product. This material was further 3,5-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole purified on a chromatotron (2 mm rotor) with 1:1 ethyl (0.60 g, 1.14 mmol) (obtained as a minor product from the acetate hexanes to give a light yellow Solid (0.10 g, 0.20 synthesis of the beta anomer) were combined with absolute mmol, 24%); MS (API+; m/z (rel. intensity) 520 (62.63, ethanol (10 mL) and stirred at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction M+); H NMR (DMSO-d) d 7.66(s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.51 (s, mixture was concentrated and purified on a Silica gel column 55 1H, Ar–H), 7.30 (d. 1H, NH, J=7.6 Hz), 6.25 (d. 1H, H-1', (2.5x18 cm, 230-400 mesh) with 1:15 methanol:dichlo J=7.5 Hz), 5.31–5.23 (m, 1H, H-2), 5.48–5.44 (m, 1H, romethane to give 0.39 g of crude product. This material was H-3"), 4.63–4.26 (m, 6H, CHF, CH, H-4 and 5), 2.21 (s, further purified on a chromatotron, fitted with a 1 mm silica 3H, OAc), 2.19 (s.3H, OAc), 2.02 (s.3H, OAc), 1.24 (d. 3H, gel rotor, with 1:2 acetone: dichloromethane to give a white CH(CH), J=7.5 Hz). solid (0.29 g, 0.78 mmol. 68%); m.p. 131-133° C.; al’= 60 (-) 41.4 (c=0.5 DMF); UV l (e): pH 7.0: 304 nm Anal. Calcd. for CHNO,ClF: C, 48.47; H, 4.65; N, (11,000), 276 (2,000); 0.1 N NaOH: 306 nm (11,500), 277 8.08. Found: C, 48.60; H, 4.73; N, 7.94. (2,500); MS (CI): m/z (rel. intensity) 376 (34.8, M+1); H EXAMPLE 39 NMR (DMSO-d) d 7.46 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 7.31 (s, 1H, Ar–H), 6.63 (d. 1H, NH, J=7.4 Hz), 5.94 (d. 1H, H-1', J-3.4 65 5,6-Dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1H-benzimidazole Hz), 5.53 (d. 1H, OH, J=4.4 Hz), 5.22 (d. 1H, OH, J=7.1 5,6-Dichloro-1,2-phenylenediamine (0.61 g, 3.4 mmol), Hz), 4.86 (t, 1H, OH, J=5.7 Hz), 4.15 (dd, 1H, H-2', J-7.7 and isopropyl isothiocyanate (0.39 g, 3.8 mmol) were com 6,077,832 27 28 bined in anhydrous pyridine (10 mL) and were heated to 80° an additional portion of dichloromethane (3-5 mL/mmol of C. for 15 min. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1.06 g, 5.14 benzimidazole) and the combined organic layers were dried mmol) was then added and the resulting mixture was over magnesium Sulfate, filtered and the Solvents were allowed to stir at 100° C. for 5h. Toluene (30 mL) was added removed under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator. and the mixture was concentrated by rotary evaporation The products were further purified by Silica gel chromatog leaving a brown residue. The product was further purified by raphy. Silica gel chromatography using 6.5:3:0.5 ethyl acetate/ hexane/triethylamine to afford a gummy Solid which was 5,6-Dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl recrystallised from acetonitrile to give 0.46 g (60%) of a tan beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole solid; m.p. 218-220 C. Anal. Calcd for CoH ClN: C, 5,6-Dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1H-benzimidazole 49.20; H, 4.54; N, 17.21. Found: C, 49.31; H, 4.59; N, 17.33. (25.0 g, 102 mmol), N.O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (25.9 General Procedure I mL, 21.3 g, 105 mmol, 1.03 eq.), 1,2-dichloroethane (300 Synthesis of 2-(alkylamino)-1H-benzimidazoles Using mL), trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (12.8 mL, 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p- 14.7 g. 66.2 mmol, 0.65 eq.) and 1,2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-L- 15 ribofuranose (34.1 g, 107 mmol, 1.05 eq.) were used accord toluenesulphonate as DeSulphurising Agent. ing to general procedure II. Silica gel chromatography using The appropriate 1,2-phenylenediamine is combined with 35:1 dichloromethane/methanol afforded 39.6 g (77%) of a the appropriate isothiocyanate (1.0–1.25 mmol/mmol of yellow foam. MS (CI): m/z 501 (M+1). diamine) and anhydrous pyridine (3-5 mL/mmol of diamine). The resulting mixture is heated to 80° C. for 30 min, then 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide General Procedure III metho-p-toluenesulfonate (1.1-1.35 mL/mmol of diamine) Deprotection of 2-(alkylamino)-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta is added as a Solid in one portion. The resulting mixture is L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole allowed to stir at 80–90° C. for 3–20 h, after which time it The appropriate 2-(alkylamino)-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl is allowed to cool to room temperature. The remainder of the beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole was dissolved in procedure is the same as detailed above, except that the 25 ethanol (4-5 mL/mmol of triacetate). Into a separate flask product is purified either by Silica gel chromatography or by were placed sodium carbonate (1.0–1.3 mmol/mmol of recrystallization from either acetonitrile or 1,4-dioxane. triacetate), water (1–2 mL/mmol of triacetate), and methanol 5,6-Dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1H-benzimidazole (3 mL/mmol of triacetate). The Sodium carbonate Suspen 5,6-Dichloro-1,2-phenylenediamine (2000 g, 1.13 mol), Sion was added to the ethanolic Solution of the triacetate at isopropyl isothiocyanate (122.0 g, 1.21 mol), 1-cyclohexyl room temperature and in one portion. The resulting mixture 3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p- was allowed to stir at room temperature for 18 h. The toluenesulfonate (622.0 g, 1.47 mol) and pyridine (4 L) were mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate (25 mL/mmol of used according to general procedure I. The product was triacetate). The organic layer was collected and was washed recrystallized from acetonitrile to give 184 g (67%) of a with saturated aqueous brine (100 mL/mmol of triacetate), brown Solid. Analytical data were consistent with those 35 dried over magnesium Sulfate. filtered, and the Solvents were reported above. removed by rotary evaporation. The products were further 2-(Cyclopropylamino)-5,6-dichloro-1H-benzimidazole purified by Silica gel chromatography. 4,5-Dichloro-1,2-phenylenediamine (6.04 g., 34.1 mmol), 5,6-Dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1-(beta-L-ribofuranosyl)- cyclopropyl isothiocyanate (3.69 g, 37.2 mmol), 1H-benzimidazole 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p- 40 5,6-Dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl toluenesulfonate (20.1 g, 47.4 mmol) and pyridine (135 mL) beta-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole (7.50 g, 14.93 were used according to general procedure I. The product was mmol), sodium carbonate (1.72 g, 16.23 mmol), water (29 recrystallized from acetonitrile to afford 5.82 g (70%) of a mL), methanol (100 mL) and ethanol (100 mL) were used yellow solid; m.p. 223-225 C. Anal. Calcd for 45 according to general procedure III. The product was purified CHCIN: C, 49.61; H, 3.75; N, 17.36. Found: C, 49.53; by Silica gel chromatography using 55:45 dichloromethanel H, 3.78; N, 17.12. methanol to afford 4.72 g (84%) of a white foam. Analytical General Procedure II data were consistent with the assigned Structure. Coupling of 2-(alkylamino)-1H-benzimidazole with 1,2,3, 5-tri-O-acetyl-L-ribofuranose 50 EXAMPLE 40 The appropriate 2-(alkylamino)-1H-benzimidazole was combined with 1,2-dichloroethane (2-3 mL/mmol of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Assay benzimidazole) and N.O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (1-1.25 mmol/mmol of benzimidazole) and the resulting HCMV strain AD 169 was grown on monolayers of mixture was heated to 80 C. for 30 min. Trimethylsilyl 55 human embryonic lung cells (MRCs cells) in 96 well plates. trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.5-0.7 mmol/mmol of After infection of the cells at a ratio of approximately 0.01 benzimidazole) was added and the mixture was allowed to infectious virus particles per cell, the compounds to be tested stir at 80° C. for an additional 15 min, after which time were added to Selected wells at Six different concentrations, 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-L-ribofuranose (1-1.25 mmol/mmol each in triplicate. The same concentrations of compound of benzimidazole) was added as a Solid in one portion. The 60 were also applied to Wells containing monolayers of unin resulting mixture was allowed to stir at 80 C. for 2-20h, fected cells in order to assess compound cytotoxicity. The after which time it was allowed to cool to room temperature. plates were incubated for 5 days, and the minimum cytotoxic It was then diluted with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10 dose was estimated from microscopic examination. The ICso mL/mmol of benzimidazole) and dichloromethane (3-5 for antiviral effect was estimated from measurements of mL/mmol of benzimidazole) and the two-phase mixture was 65 HCMV DNA in each well by blotting and quantitive specific Stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The organic layer DNA hybridization, similar to the method of Gadler. was collected and the aqueous layer was back-extracted with (Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1983, 24, 370-374). 6,077,832 29 30

HCMV MRC5 tox Formulation D Example IC50 CC50 mg/tablet Example 3 0.06–0.23 u.M 30 uM Example 4 0.91-2.5 uM 100 uM Active Ingredient 250 Example 5 0.03–0.05 uM 100 uM Pregelatinised Starch NF15 150 Example 10 1.1–1.3 uM 100 uM Example 8 41 uM 100 uM 400 Example 12 3.5-5.8 uM 100 uM Example 34 0.75-0.85 uM 100 uM

Formulation E EXAMPLE 41 15 mg/tablet Tablet Formulations Active Ingredient 250 Lactose 150 Avice 1OO The following formulations A and B were prepared by wet granulation of the ingredients with a Solution of povidone, 500 followed by addition of magnesium Stearate and compres Sion.

25 Formulation F (Controlled Release Formulation) The formulation was prepared by wet granulation of the Formulation A ingredients (below) with a solution of povidone followed by mg/tablet mg/tablet the addition of magnesium Stearate and compression. (a) Active ingredient 250 250 (b) Lactose B.P. 210 26 (c) Povidone B.P. 15 9 (d) Sodium Starch Glycollate 2O 12 mg/tablet (e) Magnesium Stearate 5 3 (a) Active Ingredient 500 500 3OO (b) Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 112 35 (Methocel K4M Premium) (c) Lactose B.P. 53 (d) Povidone B.P.C. 28 (e) Magnesium Stearate 7

700 Fomulation B 40 mg/tablet mg/tablet (a) Active ingredient 250 250 (b) Lactose 150 EXAMPLE 42 (c) Avicel PH 101 60 26 (d) Povidone B.P. 15 9 45 (e) Sodium Starch Glycolate 2O 12 (f) Magnesium Stearate 5 3 Capsule Formulations 500 3OO Formulation A 50 A capsule formulation was prepared by admixing the ingredients of Formulation D in Example 1 above and filling Formulation C into a two-part hard gelatin capsule. Formulation B (infra) was prepared in a similar manner. mg/tablet 55 Active ingredient 1OO Lactose 2OO Starch 50 Formulation B Povidone 5 60 mg/tablet Magnesium sterate 359 (a) Active ingredient 250 (b) Lactose B.P. 143 (c) Sodium Starch Glycolate 25 The following formulations, D and E, were prepared by (d) Magnesium Stearate 2 direct compression of the admixed ingredients. The loctose 65 42O used in formulation E was of the direct compression type (Dairy Crest-“Zeparox”). 6,077,832 31 32

Formulation C Formulation B mg/tablet Active ingredient 0.125 g Sterile, pyrogen-free, pH7 phosphate buffer, q.S. to 25 ml (a) Active ingredient 250 (b) Macrogol 4000 BP 350

6OO EXAMPLE 44

Capsules were prepared by melting the macrogol 4000 BP, dispersing the active ingredient in the melt and filling the Intramuscular injection melt into a two-part hard gelatin capsule. Active ingredient 0.20 g 15 Benzyl Alcohol 0.10 g Glycofurol 1.45 g Water for Injection q.s. to 3.00 ml Formulation D mg/tablet The active ingredient was dissolved in the glycofurol. The Active ingredient 250 benzyl alcohol was then added and dissolved, and water Lecithin 1OO added to 3 ml. The mixture was then filtered through a sterile Arachis Oil 1OO micropore filter and Sealed in Sterile 3 ml amber glass Vials 450 (type 1). 25 EXAMPLE 45 Capsules were prepared by dispersing the active ingredi ent in the lecithin and arachis oil and filling the dispersion into Soft, elastic gelatin capsules. Formulation E (Controlled Release Capsuler) Syrup The following controlled release capsule formulation was Active ingredient 0.2500 g prepared by extruding ingredients a, b and c using an Sorbitol Solution 1.5000 g Glycerol 2.0000 g extruder, followed by spheronisation of the extrudate and Sodium Benzoate 0.0050 g drying. The dried pellets were then coated with release Flavour, Peach 17.42.3169 0.0125 ml controlling membrane (d) and filled into a two-piece, hard Purified Water q.s. to 5.0000 ml gelatin capsule. 35 The active ingredient was dissolved in a mixture of the glycerol and most of the purified water. An acqueous Solution mg/tablet of the Sodium benzoate was then added to the Solution, 40 (a) Active Ingredient 250 followed by addition of the Sorbitol Solution and finally the (b) Microcrystalline Cellulose 125 flavour. The volume was made up with purified water and (c) Lactose BP 125 mixed well. (d) Ethyl Cellulose 13 EXAMPLE 46 513 45

EXAMPLE 43 Suppository mg/suppository Injectable Formulation 50 Active Ingredient (63 m)* 250 Hard Fat, BP (Witepsol H15 - Dynamit Nobel) 1770

2O2O Formulation A Active ingredient 0.200 g 55 Hydrochloric acid solution, 0.1 M q.s. to pH 4.0 to 7.0 One-fifth of the Witepsol H15 was melted in a steam Sodium hydroxide Solution, 0.1 M q.s. to pH 4.0 to 7.0 jacketed pan at 45 C. maximum. The active ingredient was Sterile water q.S. to 10 ml sifted through a 1001 m sieve and added to the molten base with mixing, using a SilverSon fitted with a cutting head, 60 until a Smooth dispersion was achieved. Maintaining the The active ingredient was dissolved in most of the water mixture at 45 C., the remaining Witepsol H15 was added to (35°–40° C.) and the pH adjusted to between 4.0 and 7.0 the Suspension and Stirred to ensure a homogeneous mix. with the hydrochloric acid or the sodium hydroxide as The entire Suspension was passed through a 2501 m stainless appropriate. The batch was then made up to Volume with the Steel Screen and, with continuous stirring, was allowed to water and filtered through a sterile micropore filter into a 65 cool to 40° C. At a temperature of 38°C. to 40°C., 2.02 g sterile 10 ml amberglass vial (type 1) and sealed with sterile of the mixture was filled into suitable, 2 ml plastic moulds. closures and OverSeals. The Suppositories were allowed to cool to room temperature. 6,077,832 33 34 EXAMPLE 47 8. A compound of formula (II) (II) Cl N Pessaries mg/pessary X Cl N Active ingredient (631 m) 250 R5 Anhydrate Dextrose 38O O Potato Starch 363 Magnesium Stearate 7 1O 1OOO R. R.

The above ingredients were mixed directly and pessaries 15 wherein L is hydrogen or a Suitable leaving atom or group prepared by direct compression of the resulting mixture. and R. R' and Rare each a hydroxy or a protected hydroxy grOup. We claim: 9. A compound according to claim 4 wherein L is hydro 1. A compound of formula (I) gen or a halo atom and R, R and Rare each a hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group. (I) 10. A compound according to claim 9 wherein R, R", and Cl N R are each OC(O)CH. 11. 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-f-L- X-R ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole. N OH 12. 2-bromo-5,6-dichloro-1-(B-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H Cl O 25 benzimidazole. 13. A compound of formula (Ib) (Ib) ÖH OH Cl N X-R wherein R represents hydrogen, a halo atom, -NR'R' N where R and R, which may be the same or different, are Cl OH each independently selected from hydrogen, C alkyl, cyanoCo alkyl, hydroxy Calkyl, halo Ce alkyl, 35 V/ C-7 cycloalkyl, C-alkylC-7 cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, HÓ 6H C-7cycloalkylC-alkyl, C2-alkynyl, aryl, arylC-alkyl, heterocyclicC. alkyl, -COC-alkyl or R' and R together wherein R represents a halo atom or -NR'R' wherein R' with the Natom to which they are attached form a 3, 4, 5 or 40 represents hydrogen and R is selected from Coalkyl, 6 membered heterocyclic ring or a pharmaceutically accept hydroxyCoalkyl, C-7cycloalkyl, C-alkylC-7cylcoalkyl, able derivatives thereof. Coalkenyl, Casalkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or R' and R, 2. A compound according to claim 1, in the form of a which may be the same or different, are both Calkyl, or R' and R together with the Natom to which they are attached B-anomer. 45 form a 3, 4, 5, or 6 membered heterocyclic ring or a 3. A compound according to claim 1, in the form of an pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. O-OC. 14. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a com 4. 5,6-dichloro-2-isopropylamino-1-(B-L-ribofaranosyl)- pound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 or a pharmaceu 1H-benzimidazole. tically acceptable derivative thereof, together with pharma 50 ceutically acceptable carrier therefore. 5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R represents 15. A pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of a com -NR'R' wherein R' represents hydrogen and R is selected pound according to claim 1. from Calkyl, C,cycloalkyl and haloCalkyl or a phar 16. A derivative according to claim 15 in the form of a maceutically acceptable derivatives thereof. Salt. 6. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R represents 55 17. A derivative according to claim 15 in the form of an isopropylamino, isobutylamino, Sec -butylamino, eSter. cyclopropylamino, cyclopentylamino or 2-fluoro-1- 18. A derivative according to claim 16 wherein the salt is methylethylamino or a pharmaceutically acceptable deriva Selected from Salts of organic carboxylic acids, organic tives thereof. Sulphonic acids and inorganic acids. 60 19. A derivative according to claim 17 wherein the ester 7. A compound according to claim 1 Selected from 5,6- is Selected from carboxylic acid, Sulphonate, amino acid, dichloro-2-isopropylamino-1-(B-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H phosphonate and mono-, di- or tri-phosphate esters. benzimidazole, 2-cyclopropylamino-5,6-dichloro-1-(B-L- 20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole and 5,6-dichloro-2-((2- antiviral amount of the compound 5,6-dichloro-2- fluoro-1-methyl-ethylamino)-1-(B-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H 65 isopropylamino-1-(B-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole benzimidazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof and a thereof. pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor. 6,077,832 35 36 21. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20 compound 5,6-dichloro-2-isopropylamino-1-(f-L- in the form of a tablet or capsule. ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole. 22. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 27. The method of claim 26 wherein the herpes virus wherein the tablet or capsule contains 5 to 1000 mg of infection is CMV or Epstein Barr virus infection. 5,6-dichloro-2-isopropylamino-1-(B-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H 28. The method according to claim 26 wherein the admin benzimidazole or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative istration of 5,6-dichloro-2-isopropylamino-1-(f-L- thereof. ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole is by an intravenous or 23. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20 intravitreal route. in the form of a Solution or Suspension. 24. A method of treatment of a herpes virus infection in 29. A method of preventing the symptoms or effects of a an infected animal which comprises treating Said animal CMV infection in a human comprising administering to Said with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as human an effective amount of the compound 5,6-dichloro defined according to claim 1. 2-isopropylamino-1-((3-L-ribofuranosyl)-1H 25. A method according to claim 24 wherein the herpes benzimidazole. Virus infection is Selected from herpes simplex virus 1, 15 30. A method of treatment of a CMV infection in a human, herpes simplex virus 2, Varicella Zoster virus, cytomegalovi comprising administering to Said human an effective CMV rus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus, human herpes virus 6 and treatment amount of 5,6-dichloro-2-isopropylamino-1-(B-L- human herpes virus 7. ribofuranosyl)-1H-benzimidazole or a pharmaceutically 26. A method of treatment of a herpes virus infection in acceptable Salt or ester thereof. a human comprising administration to Said human of an effective herpes virus infection treatment amount of the UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Certificate Patent No. 6,077,832 Patented: June 20, 2000 On petition requesting issuance of a certificate for correction of inventorship pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 256, it has been found that the above identified patent, through error and without any deceptive intent, improperly setsEEER forth the inventorship. it is hereby certified that the correctinyentorship of this patent is: Stanley Dawes Chamberlain, Chapel Hill, NC; Susan Mary Daluge, Chapel Hill, NC; George Walter Koszalka, Chapel Hill, NC: Leroy B. Townsend, Ann Arbor, MI; and John C. Drach, Ann Arbor, MI. Signed and Sealed this Fifteenth Day of November 2005. JAMES O. WILSON Supervisory Patent Examiner Art Unit 1623