Metalworking Machinery
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Manufacturing Processes
Module 1 Classification of Metal Removal Processes and Machine tools Version 2 ME IIT, Kharagpur Lesson 2 Basic working principle, configuration, specification and classification of machine tools Version 2 ME IIT, Kharagpur Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to : (a) Describe the basic functional principles of machine tools (i) Illustrate the concept of Generatrix and Directrix (ii) Demonstrate Tool – work motions (iii) Give idea about machine tool drives (b) Show configuration of basic machine tools and state their uses (c) Give examples of machine tools - specification (d) Classify machine tools broadly. Basic functional principles of machine tool operations Machine Tools produce desired geometrical surfaces on solid bodies (preformed blanks) and for that they are basically comprised of; • Devices for firmly holding the tool and work • Drives for providing power and motions to the tool and work • Kinematic system to transmit motion and power from the sources to the tool-work • Automation and control systems • Structural body to support and accommodate those systems with sufficient strength and rigidity. For material removal by machining, the work and the tool need relative movements and those motions and required power are derived from the power source(s) and transmitted through the kinematic system(s) comprised of a number and type of mechanisms. (i) Concept of Generatrix and Directrix • Generation of flat surface The principle is shown in Fig. 2.1 where on a flat plain a straight line called Generatrix (G) is traversed in a perpendicular direction called Directrix (D) resulting a flat surface. • Generation of cylindrical surfaces The principles of production of various cylindrical surfaces (of revolution) are shown in Fig. -
Vibrations in Metal Cutting Measurement, Analysis and Reduction
Vibrations in Metal Cutting Measurement, Analysis and Reduction Linus Pettersson Ronneby, March 2002 Department of Telecommunications and Signal Processing Blekinge Institute of Technology 372 25 Ronneby, Sweden c Linus Pettersson Licentiate Dissertation Series No. 01/02 ISSN 1650-2140 ISBN 91-7295-008-0 Published 2002 Printed by Kaserntryckeriet AB Karlskrona 2002 Sweden v Abstract Vibration and noise in metal cutting are ubiquitous problems in the workshop. The turning operation is one kind of metal cutting that exhibits vibration related problems. Today the industry aims at smaller tolerances in surface finish. Harder regulations in terms of the noise levels in the operator environment are also central. One step towards a solution to the noise and vibration problems is to investigate what kind of vibrations that are present in a turning operation. The vibrations in a boring operation have been put under scrutiny in the first part of this thesis. Analytical models have been compared with experimental results and the vibration pattern has been determined. The second part of the thesis deals with active vibration control in external turning operations. By embedding a piezo-ceramic actuator and an accelerometer into a tool holder it was possible to obtain a solution that can be fitted in a standard lathe. The control system consists of the active tool holder, a control system based on the filtered-X LMS algorithm and an amplifier designed for capacitive loads. The vibration level using this technique can be reduced by as much as 40 dB during an external turning operation. vii Preface The work presented in this licentiate thesis has been performed at the department of Telecommunications and Signal Processing at Blekinge Institute of Technology. -
Boilermaker Health & Safety Manual
Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual ihsa.ca Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual Infrastructure Health & Safety Association 5110 Creekbank Road, Suite 400 Mississauga, Ontario L4W 0A1 Canada 1-800-263-5024 ihsa.ca 1 Boilermakers Health & Safety Manual IHSA has additional information on this and other topics. Visit ihsa.ca or call Customer Service at 1-800-263-5024. The contents of this publication are for general information only. This publication should not be regarded or relied upon as a definitive guide to government regulations or to safety practices and procedures. The contents of this publication were, to the best of our knowledge, current at the time of printing. However, no representations of any kind are made with regard to the accuracy, completeness, or sufficiency of the contents. The appropriate regulations and statutes should be consulted. Readers should not act on the information contained herein without seeking specific independent legal advice on their specific circumstance. The Infrastructure Health & Safety Association is pleased to answer individual requests for counselling and advice. This manual was developed, reviewed, and endorsed by the Boilermakers Labour-Management Health and Safety Committee in association with IHSA. Manual IHSA editor: Lori-Lynn Bonnell, design and illustrations: Philippa Giancontieri; project manager: Mike Russo. The Infrastructure Health & Safety Association would like to thank the members of the working group for contributing their knowledge, experience, and time to produce a health and safety manual that will benefit both labour and management in the boilermaker sector. The working group included representatives from the Boilermaker Contractors’ Association (BCA) as well as: · Marty Albright – Alstom Power Canada Inc. -
Vehicle Maintenance
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE Introduction 1.0 Introduction The servicing of the automobile has also changed greatly to keep in step with the engineering advances of the industry. The tools and equipments which the early mechanic used were poor compared to today’s standard, and in many cases were made by the mechanic. Today’s automotive mechanic is well trained and works in a clean, bright, well- ventilated, specially designed automotive service centre. A thorough knowledge of the parts an understanding of the mechanisms are essential in order that faculty conditions in any part of automotive mechanism may be detected and corrected. As a result, the mechanic must possess the knowledge, skill, and experience in this field to be successful . Service Station A service station is a place where in addition to care of the motor vehicle like mechanical service and minor repairs, petrol is supplied, cars are lubricated, and cleaned, washed and other types of simpler services that are required daily are performed. In general it includes a number of sections like garage general it includes a number of sections like garage general service, mechanical service, major repair shop, tire shop, paint shop, body shop. A service station is addition to the equipment available is garage is usually run in conjunction with a sales agency for a particular type of motor vehicle to provide comprehensive repair service for that particular vehicle. The equipment available, in a general garage will be added with specialized equipment like lifting tackle, and different types of jigs, fixtures and tools specially designed for checking, adjusting and repair of particular type and make of the vehicle. -
Introduction to Turning Tools and Their Application Identification and Application of Cutting Tools for Turning
Introduction to Turning Tools and their Application Identification and application of cutting tools for turning The variety of cutting tools available for modern CNC turning centers makes it imperative for machine operators to be familiar with different tool geometries and how they are applied to common turning processes. This course curriculum contains 16-hours of material for instructors to get their students ready to identify different types of turning tools and their uses. ©2016 MachiningCloud, Inc. All rights reserved. Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 Audience ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Lesson Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 2 Anatomy of a turning tool............................................................................................................... 3 Standard Inserts .............................................................................................................................. 3 ANSI Insert Designations ............................................................................................................. 3 Insert Materials -
Cost Savings & Solutions
Alro Steel Metals Industrial Supplies Plastics Cost Savings & Solutions alro.com 888-888-ALRO 2 5 7 6 Table of Contents AISI HOT ROLLED PLATE GRADE DESCRIPTIONS ASTM A-36 .................................................................................. 3 ASTM A1011/A1018 CS Type B .................................................. 3 C1020 .......................................................................................... 3 C1045 .......................................................................................... 3 ASTM HIGH STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY PLATE DESCRIPTIONS 100XF Temper Leveled ............................................................... 3 ASTM A-514 (Grade B, Grade H, Grade F, Grade Q) ................. 3 ASTM A-572 Grade 50 ................................................................ 3 ASTM A-588 Grade A/B .............................................................. 3 ASTM A-656 Grade 80 ................................................................ 3 PRESSURE VESSEL GRADE DESCRIPTIONS ASTM A-516 Gr. 70 (PVQ)-ASME SA516-70 .............................. 4 FREE MACHINING PLATE DESCRIPTIONS 1144 Modified .............................................................................. 4 Clean-Cut 20®/LFM 20/FM 15®/1119 Modified ............................. 4 ABRASION RESISTANT PLATE DESCRIPTIONS Abrasion Resisting Plate ............................................................. 4 Manganese Plate (11% - 14% Manganese) ................................ 4 Armor Plate MIL-A-46100 (e) ..................................................... -
Metal Drill Bits Hammer Drill Stronger Than Steel Chisel Drill Bits Stone and Special Metal Drill Bits
BITS METAL DRILL BITS HAMMER DRILL STRONGER THAN STEEL CHISEL DRILL BITS STONE AND SPECIAL METAL DRILL BITS 307 | HSS-E DIN 338 cobalt 76–79 WOOD DRILL BITS 311 | HSS TIN DIN 338 steel drill bit 80–81 302 | HSS DIN 338, ground, split point 82–85 300 | HSS DIN 338, standard 86–90 300 | HSS DIN 338, standard, shank reduced 91 340 | HSS DIN 340, ground, split point, long 92 342 | HSS DIN 1869, ground, extra long 93 SAWS 344 | HSS hollow section drill bit / Facade drill bit 94 345 | HSS DIN 345 morse taper 95–96 303 | HSS DIN 1897 pilot drill bit, ground, split point, extra short 97 310 | HSS DIN 8037 carbide tipped 98 312 | HSS-G Speeder DIN 338 RN metal drill bit 99 304 | HSS Double end drill bit, ground, split point 100 315 | HSS Drill bit KEILBIT, ground 101 317 | HSS combination tool KEILBIT 102 329 | HSS countersink KEILBIT 103 327 | HSS countersink 90° DIN 335 C 104 328 | HSS deburring countersink 105 ASSORTMENTS 326 | HSS tube and sheet drill bit 106 325 | HSS step drill 107 140 | Scriber 108 320 | HSS hole saw bi-metal 109–112 SHELVES | From Pros for Pros | www.keil.eu | 73 MODULES - BITS HAMMER DRILL METAL DRILL BITS Nothing stops the metal drill bits because we offer a drill bit for every application. CHISEL HSS-E TWIST DRILL BIT 135° The HSS-E drill bit is a cobalt alloyed high performance drill bit. Even with insufficient cooling it has reserve in heat resistance. Due to the alloying addition of 5 % Co in the cutting material these drill bits can be used for working with work pieces with a tensile strength of over 800N/m². -
Setup and Operation Manual
Setup and Operation Manual v3.1.17 Introduction Welcome to SheetCam, an affordable but powerful 2 1/2 D CAM program. SheetCam has been designed to fill a niche in the CAM marketplace by providing an easy to use application for machining 'sheet' goods (metal plates, plastic sheets, thin woods etc.) It will generate the required code for inside and outside contours, pockets and drilling cycles and will work with milling machines, routers, engravers and plasma cutters. SheetCam accepts data in the form of DXF files (CAD drawings), HPGL files (line art), SVG files, G-code drawings and Excellon files (circuit boards) and has several, configurable, post processors to meet the needs of the many control packages available. Custom post processors can also be written to cope with non-standard applications. SheetCam will allow the nesting of parts and has features for copying, duplicating, rotating and mirroring parts to reduce wastage to the minimum. SheetCam can also allow for parts that are not aligned perfectly along the machine axes by aligning the drawing to the actual part. SheetCam will show cutter paths, rapid moves, layers etc. and the part can be rotated in three dimensions in the view panel to check for errors prior to machining. Document navigation This PDF file has been created to make navigation to relevant information easier for the user. Please use the 'Bookmarks' on the left to jump to specific chapters and sub-sections. Clicking on a line item in the 'Table of Contents' will take you to that specific page. Clicking on a line item in the 'Index' will take you that specific topic. -
Field Machining
Nuclear Services / Installation and Modification Services Field Machining Background WEMS offers multiple approaches for severance cutting and weld-end preparation for any size, Westinghouse, through its subsidiary WEC thickness or diameter pipe, regardless of material Equipment and Machining Solutions (WEMS), type, access, hazardous field conditions or space specializes in machining projects that include restrictions. WEMS uses MDM methods for stud first-of-a-kind tool design, manufacturing, testing, and bolt removal, and abrasive water-jet cutting qualification and field deployment. and plasma cutting for unique situations. EDM is used for applications such as boat sampling and Description applications requiring more precise tolerances Some of the specialty machining projects include: and/or surface finishes. • Alloy 600 crack • Spent-fuel canister Benefits mitigation utilizing machining reaming and electrical • Steam chest Canister Machining: Specialized tools designed discharge machining machining and developed for installing canister lids, including the weld-prep machining required. (EDM) • Steam generator • Flange facing replacements (SGRs) Steam Generator Replacements: Machine weld • Governor/throttle for PWRs preparation for installing new steam generators, valve machining • Stud and thread including primary reactor coolant piping and • Inlet sleeve repair repair secondary piping. • Reactor vessel head • Superheat/re-heat (RVH) upper head header machining temperature reduction • Top hat machining (UHTR) and upflow • Turbine shell -
Holemaking Products & Accessories
Holemaking Products Holemaking Products Holemaking Products & & Accessories Accessories Made of top-of-the-line materials for longer lasting performance, Klein's diverse line of drill bits and holemaking products and accessories provide accuracy and consistency to get the job done right. 225 All dimensions are in inches and (millimeters). www.kleintools.com NOTE: Read and follow safety instructions in power tool owner's manual. Flexible Drill Bits Flex Bit Augers 53719 • Used to drill holes through wood within a wall. Tapered back for easy bit retrieval. • 53720 • Spring steel shaft resists deformation. • Screw point tip pulls the bit through wood. • Hole in tip allows for use with wire or cable pulling grip. 53719 Cat. No. Length Weight (lbs.) 53716 3/8" x 54" (9.5 mm x 1372 mm) 1.00 53717 3/8" x 72" (9.5 mm x 1829 mm) 1.00 53718 9/16" x 54" (14 mm x 1372 mm) 1.00 53718 Holemaking Products & Holemaking Products & Accessories 53719 3/4" x 54" (19 mm x 1372 mm) 2.00 53751 3/4" x 72" (19 mm x 1829 mm) 2.00 53720 1" x 54" (25 mm x 1829 mm) 2.00 53716 Flex Bit Extensions 53722 • Connects to the end of a flex bit and extends the length. Cat. No. For Use with Flex Bits Length Connection Diameter Weight (lbs.) 53722 3/4" and larger 54" (1372 mm) 5/8" (14 mm) 1.00 53723 9/16" and smaller 54" (1372 mm) 7/16" (11 mm) 1.00 Flex Bit Placement Tool • For use with flexible drill bits. -
Guide to Machining Carpenter Specialty Alloys Guide to Machining Carpenter Special Ty All O Ys
GUIDE TO MACHINING CARPENTER SPECIAL GUIDE TO MACHINING CARPENTER SPECIALTY ALLOYS Carpenter Technology Corporation TY ALL Wyomissing, PA 19610 U.S.A. 1-800-654-6543 Visit us at www.cartech.com O YS For on-line purchasing in the U.S., visit www.carpenterdirect.com GUIDE TO MACHINING CARPENTER SPECIALTY ALLOYS Carpenter Technology Corporation Wyomissing, Pennsylvania 19610 U.S.A. Copyright 2002 CRS Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in U.S.A. 9-02/7.5M The information and data presented herein are suggested starting point values and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes. There is no representation that the recipient of this literature will receive updated editions as they become available. Unless otherwise noted, all registered trademarks are property of CRS Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation. ISO 9000 and QS-9000 Registered Headquarters - Reading, PA Guide to Machining CARPENTER SPECIALTY ALLOYS Contents Introduction ............................................................................. 1 General Stainless Material and Machining Characteristics .... 3 Classification of Stainless Steels .............................................. 5 Basic Families and Designations ........................................ 5 Austenitic -
BORING MACHINE • the Boring Machine Is One of the Vertalile Machine Tool Used to Enlarge Already Drilled Hole
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY UNIT – V Machine Tools Department of Automobile Engineering Manufacturing Technology Introduction • One of the most versatile machine tools; used to bore holes in large and heavy parts as engine frames, machine housings etc which are practically impossible to hold and rotate in an engine lathe or in a drilling machine. • Also drilling, milling and facing can be preformed with equal facility. • Along with attachments screw cutting, turning, grinding or gear cutting can also be performed. Department of Automobile Engineering Manufacturing Technology CLASSIFICATION OF BORING MACHINE • The boring machine is one of the vertalile machine tool used to enlarge already drilled hole. • Boring operation can be performed on lathe as that of turning where tool is stationary and work piece is rotating. • But in case of boring is rotating and work piece is stationary which is similar to • Drilling ,reaming , milling etc. • Boring machines can be classified based on position of boring tools, accuracy of work required etc. Department of Automobile Engineering Manufacturing Technology Boring machines 1. Horizontal 2. Vertical 3. Precision (Jig) Boring Boring Boring Machine Machine Machine (HBM) (VBM) (PBM) Department of Automobile Engineering Manufacturing Technology Types Horizontal boring machine: • The work is supported on a table which is stationary and tool revolves in a horizontal axis. • Can perform boring, reaming, turning, threading, facing, milling , grooving and many other operations with suitable tools. • Work piece