Towards a Climate Resilient Somerset’s Climate Emergency SUMMARY Foreword

Climate Change, and its impacts on identify the things we must do now to respond We have some significant challenges ahead, the world we live in, is one of the most to the declared Climate Emergency and the but with these challenges come some real and significant issues facing us all today. further mitigating and adaptive actions we exciting opportunities which we must seize for The human effects on Global Warming need to plan for in the medium and longer the people and businesses of Somerset. By are well publicised and pressure is term. However, this is only the beginning of tackling the climate crisis and by focusing on mounting for Governments to act. our journey. We won’t have got everything clean growth and a ‘green’ economy we can right at the outset and we won’t be able to do create a cleaner, healthier environment that As the County Council Member and 4 District everything at once. There are some difficult both accelerates the transition to ‘Net Zero’ Council Members with Cabinet responsibilities decisions for us all to make, some complex and makes Somerset’s communities resilient Cllr. Tom Ronan Cllr. Janet Keen Cllr. Clare Paul Cllr. Peter Pilkington Cllr. Sarah Dyke for Climate Change, it gives us great pleasure issues and challenges to overcome, not least for future generations. Somerset County Somerset West & to introduce our response to this call for how this is funded, and we need to prioritise Council District Council Council Council District Council action - “Towards a Climate Resilient our activities to ensure we make progress We have a beautiful County - an outstanding Somerset”- the Climate Emergency Strategy against our Goals as quickly as is possible. environment with an abundance of natural for Somerset. During 2019, Somerset County resources at our disposal to help us plan for “I don’t think as a human race Council and the 4 District Councils each The Strategy therefore seeks to identify the and mitigate against Climate Change. We that we can be so stupid that declared or recognised a Climate Emergency outcomes we all want to achieve and the need to work with and support our most we can’t face an existential and agreed to work together with partners to steps each organisation, individual community vulnerable communities, as they will be threat together and find a produce a Climate Emergency Strategy for the and household needs to commit to, to work impacted the most. A low carbon future will common humanity and whole County of Somerset. The ambition was towards Somerset being carbon neutral by be hugely positive for Somerset providing a to produce a Strategy to lead this work for the 2030 and help build our resilience against the more equitable society, experiencing better solidarity to respond to it. whole County, not just to guide the actions impacts of Climate Change both now and in health and wellbeing, a thriving ‘green’ Because we do have the and investment decisions of each of the Local the future. Being climate smart with decisions economy and nature restored. capacity and the means to do Authorities in Somerset. we take now and into the future will help it - if we have the political will.” ensure that the right actions are taken at the Join us in making this happen. Tackling the impacts of Climate Change is right time for the best value. Mary Robinson, not something the Local Authorities can do Former President of Ireland, alone. It requires the commitment of every The Strategy has been developed in October 2019 organisation, business, community and citizen consultation with a range of partners, climate of Somerset and requires, in some cases, action experts and local interest groups and fundamental societal change around the way through engaging with, and listening to, the we live our lives and the choices we make. feedback from our communities, both adults Our Goals are ambitious. We have begun to and young people.

TOWARDS A CLIMATE RESILIENCE SOMERSET SUMMARY Introduction

Climate Change, and its impacts on the world The Local Authorities also agreed to work The Challenge of Climate Change we live in, is one of the most significant together to develop a Climate Emergency The Strategy sets out the evidence of how issue facing us all today. The human effects Strategy for Somerset, ‘Towards a Climate our climate is changing, the impacts Climate The scientific evidence is clear. Since the l a significant reduction in sea ice around on global warming are well publicised and Resilient Somerset’ as a shared response to Change will have at a global, national and local mid-1800s’ , the earths’ the poles, understood and pressure is mounting for the threats posed by Climate Change and our level and outlines the many challenges we average temperature has risen by 1°C, a very l the retreat of glaciers around the world, Governments around the world to take ambition to make Somerset a carbon neutral face, and the measures and opportunities we rapid change in terms of our global climate l rising sea levels and warming seas, immediate action. county. must take here in the Somerset to enable us system. The world is not warming evenly, so l loss of species, habitats and biodiversity all to adapt and thrive in the future. the temperature increase is higher in some around the globe, In response to the overwhelming evidence, The Climate Emergency Strategy for Somerset parts of the world. The UK Met Office stated l an increase in flooding and flood risk, and growing concern from local communities is built around the following 3 Goals: The Local Authorities will lead the way by that as of 2018, the 20 warmest years on l more frequent droughts and wildfires. and residents for urgent action, each of the 5 cutting emissions from their estates and record globally had occurred in the past 22 GOAL 1 Local Authorities passed resolutions declaring operations, building resilience into how we years. As temperatures rise, the frequency and scale or recognising a Climate Emergency. These To decarbonise Local Authorities, the deliver our services. The Local Authorities will of these impacts increase, and the threats declarations look to deliver the following aims: wider public sector estates and reduce need the help and support of everyone across posed by Climate Change become critical our carbon footprint the county to deliver these ambitious goals. particularly to the natural environment and 1. A Carbon Neutral Somerset by 2030 - the ecosystems (water, soils, and vegetation) 1 Carbon neutrality (having a ‘Net Zero’ GOAL 2 This Summary Strategy captures and we rely upon. The continuing, unprecedented carbon footprint) refers to achieving To work towards making Somerset summarises the main issues around Climate loss of biodiversity around the world puts ‘Net Zero’ carbon emissions by minimising a Carbon Neutral County by 2030 Change: not; why it is happening, what the a vast number of species at risk from CO e emissions and by balancing the impacts will be, as well as highlighting what 2 extinction. This poses an immense threat to remaining amount of carbon released should be done here in Somerset to tackle this GOAL 3 our livelihoods with substantial risks to the with an equivalent amount sequestered problem, what actions we plan to take and economy, health and social wellbeing and or offset’ To have a Somerset which is prepared some steps we can all follow as individuals to What is Climate Change? the natural environment. The temperature for, and resilient to, the impacts of reduce our impact. of the planet responds only slowly to cutting Building our resilience for, or adapting Climate Change Global warming and its effects are the main greenhouse gas emissions. The planet 2 to, the impacts of a changing climate cause of Climate Change. Rising temperatures will only stop warming after we reach ‘Net - by preparing our homes, businesses, are altering our planet’s climate, resulting in Zero’ carbon emissions - that is when the infrastructure, communities and residents longer and hotter heat waves, more frequent emissions generated worldwide are balanced for the likely impacts of Climate Change droughts, heavier rainfall, rising sea levels by the emissions capture or stored worldwide. and extreme weather events. and more powerful storms, hurricanes and Carbon capture and storage takes place by extreme weather events leading to global natural means - being absorbed by our soils, impacts such as: oceans and vegetation, or by carbon capture technologies. TOWARDS A CLIMATE RESILIENCE SOMERSET SUMMARY What is causing the earth’s temperature Around the world, fossil fuels are used by The more carbon dioxide there is in the In 2018, the United Nations Intergovernmental l 18% from Industry: primarily from fossil l 5% from Buildings: arising from gas or oil to rise? people as a convenient fuel for transport and atmosphere, the more heat is trapped, and Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), which fuels burned at facilities for energy, boilers to provide for heat and hot water in electricity generation. They also provide heat the hotter the Earth becomes, increasing advises governments around the world on the processes such as chemical, metal buildings and cooking in homes. When sunlight reaches the earth, some of in homes when they are burned and are used global temperatures across the earth’s issue, explained that an average global rise and mineral processing and waste l 3% from Waste: arising from the treatment the energy is absorbed on the surface and in industrial processes. Land use changes and lands and oceans. This process is known in temperature of 1.5°C above pre-industrial management activities. and disposal of our waste. some of the energy is returned back into the the clearing of forest land around the world as ‘global warming’ times would be an unacceptable risk, causing l 8% from Agriculture, Forestry and other l 8% from Other sources: including atmosphere where greenhouse gases, such have also contributed to Climate Change. significant harm to life as we know it. In land use: mostly from agriculture emissions from other industrial processes as carbon dioxide CO2, methane CH4, nitrous Trees and vegetation absorb carbon dioxide truth, there is though, no safe level of global (cultivation of crops and livestock) such as fuel extraction, refining, processing oxide N2O, ozone O3, chlorofluorocarbons and (CO2) when they grow, and release greenhouse warming. Immediate action is needed now, and deforestation. and transportation. water vapour, help trap this heat. This natural gases if they are cut down, are burned or left THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT and efforts must be made to go much faster l 18% from Transportation: primarily from process is called the ‘greenhouse effect’ and to rot. and further in reducing emissions to keep fossil fuels burned for road, rail, air and it helps control the temperature on earth Some rays us safe. marine transportation. Almost all (95%) making all life possible. reflected into space allowing of the world’s transportation energy comes Sun rays Earth to cool Where are the greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum-based fuels, largely from Greenhouse gases are measured in carbon pass through coming from? petrol and diesel. dioxide equivalents (CO2e). This allows atmosphere 3% 8% the various global warming potentials of Global emissions WASTE OTHER each type of gas to be converted into a Some rays Around the world, greenhouse gas emissions 5% single, comparable measure. A tonne of trapped by are generated from various sources and the BUILDINGS

CO2e equates to driving approximately carbon dioxide amounts have been increasing each year. In in atmosphere 30% 11,800 kilometres or 7,300 miles in a small, 2017, the IPCC estimated that the total annual 18% ELECTRICITY economical diesel car or the emissions emissions reached a record high of 53.5 INDUSTRY, & HEAT generated by a single person travelling on GtCO2e (Gigatonnes) produced from various MANUFACTURING a flight from London to Kuala Lumpur in human activities. A Gigatonne is equal to one & CONSTRUCTION Malaysia. In recent years, the concentrations billion tonnes. The sources of emissions are: of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased rapidly. Carbon dioxide (CO ) levels l 30% from the production of Electricity and 2 Increased carbon 18% are now 40% higher than in pre-industrial Atmosphere Heat: generated by the burning of coal, 18% TRANSPORTATION dioxide causes AGRICULTURE, times and greater than any time in the past more heat to natural gas, and oil, the largest single FORESTRY, & 800,000 years. The increase in emissions has be retained and source of global greenhouse gas OTHER LAND USE been caused mainly by the burning of coal, oil temperatures to emissions. and natural gas – known as the ‘fossil fuels’. increase Estimated Global Emissions by sector 2016 Source: https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector

TOWARDS A CLIMATE RESILIENCE SOMERSET SUMMARY UK emissions Somerset emissions So why do we need to act? A SUMMARY OF CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS FOR SOMERSET

Although carbon emissions within the UK In Somerset, the latest carbon emissions data Urgent action is needed now. If we do not act have been falling compared with 1990 levels, estimates indicated that a total of 3,269 ktCO2 decisively, the impacts of Climate Change they are not reducing quickly enough. In 2018, (kilotonnes of carbon dioxide) were emitted across Somerset will be considerable. Our the main sources of emissions were from from industrial, agricultural, domestic and coastal communities and the Somerset transport (28%), electricity generation (23%), transport-related sources, with the largest Levels are at high risk from coastal flooding TRANSPORT THE BUILT BUSINESS & THE NATURAL WATER HEALTH & industry and business (18%), from our homes amount of carbon emitted by the transport as sea level rises - Sedgemoor is named NETWORKS ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT & (FLOOD RISK WELLBEING AGRICULTURE & DROUGHT) (15%), agriculture (10%) and the management sector (46%), followed by industrial processes the 3rd most vulnerable area in the UK in a of waste (5%). (25.3%), the domestic sector (24%) and recent Government report. Significant sea agriculture and land use (4.7%). level rise and extreme weather events will result in flooding, damage to properties, the Disruption to transport Overheating risks Costs to reduce Risk to vulnerable Increase risk of coastal, Increase in heat-related CARBON EMISSIONS IN SOMERSET IN 2018 destruction of transport infrastructure and networks from extreme in housing, offices, emissions and adapt species and habitats pluvial and fluvial illness and death interruption to power and communications weather events, (flood schools, hospitals and infrastructure flooding and heat) impacting on social care settings to Climate Change Impacts on ‘eco-system Risk to the elderly and networks. Heatwaves and droughts bring local economy, health & services’ enjoyed by Increased flash flood very young with heart 4% water shortages and will reduce our water wellbeing Damage to buildings Disruption to people risk from extreme and respiratory disease AGRICULTURE quality, posing significant human health risks and infrastructure from transport, energy weather events Flood risk to transport extreme weather events and communications Impacts of increased Disrupted access to to the vulnerable, impacting on agricultural infrastructure drought Further stress on services and facilities 24% productivity, causing damage to soils, Heavy rain/high winds Need to retrofit Risks to local, national already under pressure from extreme weather 25% DOMESTIC reducing biodiversity and habitat, with the leading to more buildings to build and global supply Damage to natural water resources events resilience chains habitats from water INDUSTRY loss of many native species. Some of these accidents, treefalls, road closures and stress Increased competition Flooding impacts on impacts are shown in the graphic opposite. delays New design standards Increased prices for for water between health, wellbeing and Other 2% needed for drainage, raw materials, goods, Risk from pests and agriculture, industry, livelihoods Risk of slope/ insulation and building and other imported disease, and colonisation households and the Source: BEIS 2018 UK Greenhouse Gas embankment failures fabric etc commodities of invasive/non-native needs of the natural Air quality impacts Emission Statistics species environment exacerbated 0.5% Overheating/failure of Increased flood risk Reduced comfort in signalling & comms LAND USE, 46% buildings impacting Changes to growing Drought impacts on LAND-CHANGE Increased water stress on productivity seasons water quality and & FORESTRYY TRANSPORT Risk of rails buckling, cables sagging and supply roads softening in heat Disruption to power Changes to markets Heat stress on livestock and communication and demand Discomfort on public networks Damage to crops & transport landscapes from flooding

TOWARDS A CLIMATE RESILIENCE SOMERSET SUMMARY The co-benefits of taking action on Climate SUMMARY OF CO-BENEFITS OF ACTING ON CLIMATE CHANGE What are we doing about Climate Change This Climate Emergency Strategy is built The Built Environment - where and how we Change here in Somerset? around 3 key Goals: live and work, the types of homes we live ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL in, our commercial and industrial buildings The scientific evidence presented describes Reducing global greenhouse gas emissions GOAL 1 and what we want for buildings in the future why we must take urgent action to reduce Clean and inclusive growth Improved air quality Reduced flood risk rapidly and emitting as little as possible on the To decarbonise Local Authorities, our carbon emissions. However, there is also in the local economy (coastal, pluvial and fluvial) way to ‘Net-Zero’ will help minimise further the wider public sector estates and Our local economy - specifically our much to be gained from doing so as part of a Lower living costs changes in the climate. reduce our carbon footprint Business, Industry and Supply Chains ‘smart and sustainable’ future for Somerset. Low carbon technologies Improved access to The risks from Climate Change are very high, It is well understood that the economic and More active, outdoor lifestyles greenspace and nature Our Natural Environment - how we can and the time to act is short. Not acting is health benefits of acting on Climate Change High quality employment GOAL 2 protect it and utilise it to reduce the unthinkable. outweigh the costs, especially with a future Healthier diets Improved and enhanced To work towards making Somerset a harmful impacts of Climate Change of clean growth, high quality employment in Improved productivity biodiversity and habitats The 5 Somerset Local Authorities have a Carbon Neutral County by 2030 Fuel poverty alleviated the ‘green’ economy, low carbon transport shared ambition to tackle the climate crisis. Our Farming & Food - what, where and how and better health and wellbeing. While there Diversification to more Improved land management we produce our food and crops, vital to the sustainable markets Less demand on health All 5 Local Authorities declared a Climate GOAL 3 are considerable challenges associated with Emergency in 2019 with the aim to cut rural economy of Somerset services Cleaner air To have a Somerset which is prepared for, reaching our carbon neutral target by 2030, emissions across the county to be ‘carbon Reduced heat & energy costs and resilient to, the impacts of the benefits of taking action significantly neutral’ or ‘Net Zero’ by 2030 and work Our Water resources - how they are Improved mental health Cleaner water Climate Change outweigh the expense over time. Some of Increased energy security towards ensuring that our homes, businesses, managed to minimise the impacts of the benefits are presented to the right. Fewer work and school days Greater water security transport and communications networks flooding and drought on our residents, Reduced imported fuels missed and natural environment are prepared for the buildings and landscapes After identifying the main sources of and materials Carbon sequestration worst impacts that Climate Change may bring. Fewer premature deaths in all habitats emissions in Somerset, 9 sectors were The management of our Waste & Resources identified which have a direct impact on how Reduced congestion The Local Authorities worked together to - how we handle and treat our waste Warmer, healthier homes Less risk of heatwaves and we manage and respond to Climate Change develop a high-level Climate Emergency Reduced costs from flood extreme weather events in Somerset: How we Communicate and Engage - with & extreme events Quieter, safer streets Framework document which set out the context of Climate Change and identified the Somerset’s citizens to enable us all to Less waste/less resource The Energy we use, the emissions produced sectors which were responsible for most make life choices which reduce our impact Reduced waste Improved community cohesion use from its use and the types of energy we will carbon emissions. The residents of Somerset on the environment locally, nationally and look to harness in future A circular economy Better work/life balance Reduced/reverse were then asked what they felt the priorities globally species decline for action should be. This consultation helped Our Transport networks - when and where Less waste frame next stage, the development of the we travel, and the means we choose to Climate Emergency Strategy - ‘Towards a make these journeys Climate Resilient Somerset’. TOWARDS A CLIMATE RESILIENCE SOMERSET SUMMARY Specialists led work on each of the 9 sectors, To deliver fundamental and lasting changes, A ‘green’ recovery shifting away from polluting, analysing and prioritising current and future everyone in Somerset must be encouraged, carbon based, fossil fuels can create a cleaner, issues, considering what effects changes to empowered and enabled to take personal healthier environment whilst investments in local and UK Government policy would have decisions that reduce their own carbon low-carbon, climate-resilient industries can and identifying a series of actions necessary footprints and help Somerset meet its Goals. create new jobs and stimulate economic to minimise emissions and build resilience recovery. In Somerset, Hinkley Point C and the within each area of work. Covid 19, clean growth and ’green’ recovery Gravity Campus in Sedgemoor are UK-wide leading examples of how clean, low carbon Challenges to achieving our Goals Whilst our Climate Emergency Strategy growth can and will create high value jobs, was being written, the Covid-19 pandemic benefit local businesses and the local supply The 5 Somerset Local Authorities understand changed all our lives, causing devastating chain and help deliver a ‘Net Zero’ future. that the Goals set are ambitious and will be effects to human health and the economy. challenging to deliver. However, the Local Due to the extensive lockdowns and reduction Sector summaries Authorities will lead the way by cutting in economic activity, there was a significant, emissions from their own operations to albeit temporary, fall in global greenhouse gas A short summary of findings from each of ‘Net Zero’ by 2030 and ensuring all services emissions. But this effect is only temporary. the 9 sectors studied is presented. Each are ‘futureproofed’ for the impacts of Climate Carbon emissions must be cut consistently, section sets out the main opportunities and Change. The Local Authorities will lobby the year after year, to halt global warming. challenges the sector faces, the possible UK Government for policy changes and further solutions to tackle emissions arising from funding, and work with other organisations As we recover from the pandemic, and each sector and details some of the related across Somerset to drive change. face a new ‘normal’, we must seize the actions the 5 Somerset Local Authorities plan opportunity to make the Covid-19 recovery to take to meet the Goals of the Strategy. It is recognised that the reach, funding and a defining moment in tackling the climate resources of Local Authorities are limited. crisis, strengthening our resilience to Climate There are also some suggestions which If Somerset is to reach its Goals, the Local Change impacts, whilst driving new economic everyone, as residents of Somerset, can Authorities will need support and ‘buy in’ to activity. do to help support and deliver the aims of our vision from every organisation, business the Strategy and play your part in tackling and resident in Somerset. The decisions each the Climate Emergency. individual takes, and the everday choices each makes, will ultimately have the biggest impact.

TOWARDS A CLIMATE RESILIENCE SOMERSET SUMMARY WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT WORKS? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP Within the UK, despite almost all coal powered electricity The development of the smart grid is key to unlocking The 5 Somerset Local Authorities will: l Switch your electricity to a ‘green’ energy tariff. production being phased out, 23% of all carbon emissions huge economic potential, increasing renewable energy l still arise from electricity generation. To become carbon generation capacity, stimulating create clean, green Develop an Energy Plan for Somerset in partnership l Turn off lights and appliances and use energy neutral, we must eliminate the use of fossil fuels and growth and taking the UK further towards an affordable, with the network operators and key stakeholders. efficient bulbs, like LEDs, around your home. transition to a low carbon, predominantly electric, zero carbon energy system with reduced overall costs l ‘Net Zero’ energy system. for consumers. Switch to 100% renewable energy tariffs with a l When you are buying electrical appliances, look to medium to long term aim to purchase energy from buy AA+ rated, energy efficient models. A ‘smart’ grid network is the vision for a modern electricity Within a smart grid, consumers and communities play local community energy schemes and renewable system. This requires a ‘whole system’ approach to a more active role in helping to balance supply and energy generators in the County. l Install solar panels and a solar hot water system on transforming the energy system including the electrification demand, utilising smart meters to understand energy your home to cut energy costs and carbon l of transport and heating, reducing electricity demand in costs, and manage consumption and smart devices, Enact planning policies and strategies to create a emissions. buildings through energy conservation measures, the which will act as generators, discharging electricity from positive and proactive environment to enable use of energy efficient appliances, increasing renewable batteries at key times to meet demand. renewable energy generation which supports l Consider replacing your conventional fuel (gas, energy generation (from Solar PV, wind etc) and the transition to a smart, flexible energy system. oil, coal or wood) heating system with electric embracing smart grid technologies. Somerset has significant untapped potential in relation to heating such as an air source heat pump. l renewable energy generation and there is an opportunity Support and develop partnerships with community The electricity grid in Somerset is constrained. Ageing to re-prioritise and stimulate the local economy, develop energy initiatives and explore how to support these infrastructure is inflexible and unable to cope with skills, create jobs and drive growth through investment organisations. significant additional demand and more increased in renewable energy technologies and energy efficiency l SECTOR ANALYSIS: localised energy generation from renewables. Significant measures. Design Local Authority new buildings and investment will be required to upgrade the network. developments to maximise opportunities for ENERGY The development of an Energy Plan for Somerset will renewables including potential for micro-grids Other issues within Somerset include: be key to these aims. By understanding future energy and heat networks. demand and increasing decentralised (renewable energy) l Lead by example in the electrification of their vehicle l Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure must be power generation, the grid can be made smarter and rapidly scaled-up to allow for much wider adoption more flexible allowing for targeted investment and fleets and in the development of an Electric Vehicle of EV’s. provide a roadmap for decarbonising the energy system Charging Strategy for Somerset. in Somerset. l Map and analyse low carbon and renewable energy l Around 70% of homes are connected to the gas network for heating and cooking. Meaningful resources and opportunities across the County to incentives are needed to encourage retrofitting an appropriate level of detail to support allocation homes for energy efficiency and low carbon of sites and identification of suitable areas through heating systems. Local Plans.

l Explore and implement opportunities for generating renewable energy and battery storage initiatives on Local Authority owned land. WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP In 2018, transport was responsible for 46% of carbon l An urgent, radical shift is needed away from The 5 Somerset Local Authorities are: l Walk or cycle to local shops and facilities to cut the emissions within Somerset, significantly higher than conventional petrol and diesel vehicles to electric miles travelled and improve health. l Developing an electric vehicle (EV) strategy to ensure the total UK emissions from transport (28%). The main and low emission vehicles to cut emissions and that there is more provision of charging infrastructure, l Take public transport where possible. source of emissions within this sector is the use of air pollution from transport. standardise the technology to make it easier to use petrol and diesel fuel in cars, van and lorries. and incentivise uptake in EVs and low emission l l Combine your trips so that you need to travel Greater investment is needed in public transport vehicles. l Exhaust emissions not only drive Climate Change to improve the quality and the size of the public by car less. but also cause air pollution leading to health transport network across the County. l Reviewing their own vehicle fleets to cut emissions l Buy or lease a low emission or electric vehicle problems such as asthma. from their own operations. l Changes to travel behaviours - everyone needs to when you are replacing your car. l Somerset is a very rural county with lots of small reduce the number of miles travelled in cars, vans l Investing more money in improving the walking and l Reduce the number of flights taken. dispersed settlements, resulting in people being etc. cycling infrastructure. dependent on cars for travel. l Improvements to footpaths and cycleways are l Working with transport operators to improve public l Public transport routes are expensive to run due to needed to encourage more local journeys to be transport provision. Somerset’s dispersed population, with not enough undertaken by cycling and walking. public transport provision across the County. l Reviewing how the highway network is managed l The transport and drainage networks need to be and maintained to ensure it is ‘futureproofed’ for l Climate Change will have a significant impact on ‘futureproofed’ to cope with more extremes of expected Climate Change impacts. SECTOR ANALYSIS: the transport network – flooding, extreme weather, weather and climate. heatwaves, sea level rise, will lead to delays and TRANSPORT disruption across the County’s networks. l Future developments need to be centred around local services and places to work to reduce the need to travel. WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP The UK has the least energy efficient housing stock in An retrofit programme is needed urgently to improve Across Somerset we will look to: l Turn down your thermostat by 1°C to save energy. Europe with more than 12 million homes falling below existing homes to make them more energy efficient. l the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) band C. Cut energy use from all existing Local Authority l Draft proof windows and doors to reduce heating buildings. l If every UK home had cost effective, conventional costs. There are approximately 250,000 homes in the County, energy saving measures installed, energy use would many of which have a poor energy performance as l fall by 25%. Ensure all new Local Authority buildings are designed l Ensure your home is well insulated by topping up indicated by local data held on Energy Performance to be zero carbon, exemplars in sustainability and your roof insulation and double glazing your Certificates (EPC). Carbon emissions from the built resilient for future climate impacts. l If the all conventional energy efficiency measures windows. environment in Somerset accounted for 24% of the total were added to each home, regardless of cost, emissions released in the County. l energy use could be reduced by about 53%. Ensure all Local Authority owned housing has a l When renovating your home, consider adding more minimum band C Energy Performance Certificate Minimising and decarbonising energy consumption insulation to the walls. To meet emissions reduction targets, nearly all heating by 2030. from buildings will be crucial to meeting carbon systems in homes and industrial processes will need neutrality targets by 2030. However, most buildings l Upgrade your home by replacing your conventional to be decarbonised. For new homes, low carbon heat is l Encourage all new developments to be designed and that will be standing in 2030 have already been built. energy system with a a renewable energy system. expected to be met primarily by heat pumps, and via built to be as energy efficient, low carbon and climate Influencing how this existing housing stock can be For example, exchange your existing boiler for a direct electric heating where buildings are particularly resilient as possible. improved or retrofitted is challenging and complex. heat pump to heat your home or install solar PV energy efficient. panels and solar water heating to meet your energy Many of Somerset’s settlements are vulnerable to the l Work with existing communities across the County to demands. projected impacts of Climate Change, including flooding l Many existing homes will need to move away from help prepare them for the impacts of Climate Change. from rivers and storm surges as well as sea level rise conventional gas-powered boilers to electric powered SECTOR ANALYSIS: and coastal change, overheating and drought. heat pumps l Reduce the incidence of fuel poverty across BUILT ENVIRONMENT Our homes must be better prepared for the likely Somerset. Many of the County’s urban areas are not designed impacts of Climate Change. The spaces between our with the impacts of Climate Change in mind. Both new buildings provide vital opportunities to make settlements l Encourage all new development to be constructed developments and existing buildings and infrastructure more adapted and resilient to flood risk and increasing from sustainable, carbon neutral materials. will require considerable investment to adapt them temperatures through Sustainable Urban Drainage to make them more energy efficient and to build Systems (SUDS), tree planting and space for growing l Work with landlords to ensure that the energy resilience to the projected impacts of Climate Change. food. efficiency of all rented properties is improved.

In recognition of the need for urgent action in tackling the retrofitting of the UK’s inefficient housing stock and as part of the ‘green’ recovery from the Covid 19 pandemic, the UK Government has launched the ‘Green Homes Grant’ to help cut domestic carbon emissions, reduce householders energy bills and create jobs and develop skills in this sector.

WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP Irrespective of size, all businesses have a direct impact Social pressure, legislation and economic factors will Within Somerset, investments in low-carbon and l Buy your products and services from companies on the climate as a result of their production and increasingly encourage business and industry to reduce climate-resilient industries and infrastructure, can create that have good ‘green’ credentials and a low carbon consumption of goods and services, and through their environmental impact, but there is an important jobs and stimulate economic recovery, whilst improving footprint. their operational practices. role for Local Authorities, economic development and our resilience to Climate Change impacts. l Clean growth business support partners to play in supporting the shift l Introduce energy efficiency measures to cut carbon Is at the core of the Somerset Growth and Recovery Business and industry emissions make up 20% of the to a low carbon economy. Priority areas of focus will and save money for your business. annual UK carbon emissions and since the mid-2000s, include: Plan. Somerset has significant strengths in advanced this sector’s emissions have declined by over 50% with l manufacturing and engineering (notably aerospace Renewable Energy l Ensure your business has considered how you steep falls in emissions from large industrial installations and marine), energy, and increasingly digital Sustainable means of generating power such as wind, package and dispose of waste. and commercial electricity generation. Within Somerset, tidal and solar technologies, to ensure clean and technologies, presenting clear business opportunities the emissions from the sector made up 25% of the total green growth. in the transition to a clean growth, low carbon economy. for the County in 2018. l Adopt low carbon or electric vehicles when you Hinkley Point C (HPC), the UK’s first commercial replace your fleet. l Energy Efficiency nuclear power project in 20 years, is central to There are multiple impacts of Climate Change on Better insulation of buildings, the use of more energy Somerset’s drive towards clean growth. HPC is a businesses and other organisations including: l Develop a travel plan for your company and its staff efficient equipment and better utilisation of low carbon energy source in its own right, as well based on a modal hierarchy, which reduces the need l operational impacts, such as extreme weather events, technology. as being key to achieving ambitious carbon emissions or supply shortages caused by water scarcity reduction targets at a county, regional and national to travel as the highest priority. l transition risks, which arise from society’s response l Supply Chains level. HPC has and will continue to act as catalyst SECTOR ANALYSIS: to Climate Change, such as changes in technologies, Need to make supply chain and supplier arrangement for employment growth in new technology. markets and regulation that can increase business to be prioritised on environmental considerations as A number of other key projects are also emerging, BUSINESS, INDUSTRY costs, undermine the viability of existing products or much as economic ones including the smart innovation campus proposals services, or affect asset values. on the Gravity Enterprise Zone, providing space for AND SUPPLY CHAINS The is a risk that in our desire to restart the economy green innovation. Climate Change can also spur innovation in products at pace, post Covid-19, environmental concerns and l and services which are less carbon intensive, or which sustainability will be de-prioritised which will only Sustainable tourism enable carbon reduction by others. exacerbate existing climate issues. However, greater Marketing Somerset as a ‘sustainable’ holiday investment in a clean, ‘green’ recovery, which looks to destination has considerable economic potential and The economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on shift away from polluting, carbon-based fossil fuels, can by promoting and celebrating our natural environment, Somerset’s business community has been profound. create a cleaner, healthier environment whilst stimulating rolling countryside and coastline, the visitor As of July 2020: the economy. experience has an appeal beyond the environmentally conscious. l over 78,000 employee’s had been furloughed which represents a take up rate of 30% of the furlough l Digital Infrastructure scheme in Somerset. Improved digital infrastructure (both mobile and l A further 25,000 self-employed people claimed broadband) will be crucial in helping Somerset income support reduce its carbon emissions. Digital solutions enable l Many businesses have had to access emergency newer, more agile and flexible ways of working, which grant support to remain viable. can reduce the necessity for travel. As of June 2019, 89% of Somerset’s premises had access to superfast broadband.

WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP Somerset’s natural environment is on the UK’s frontline More must be done at a national and local level to Within Somerset there is: l Plant flowers, shrubs and trees in your garden to of Climate Change, with the County’s long coast and redeploy funding to deliver benefits for nature and attract wildlife. l large areas of low-lying land facing increased risks from ensure better land management practices. The speed at A collaborative approach to nature led by the Local flooding, drought and sea level rise. Climate Change will which the impacts of Climate Change are progressing Nature Partnership (LNP) l Create a compost heap in your garden and use a lead to: puts nature in direct conflict with people’s livelihoods. green bin to recycle your garden waste. The LNP includes representatives from agriculture, wildlife, nature, water, tourism, environment l l Somerset is large, rural County rich with fertile Buy ‘peat free’ products to use in your garden. Habitat loss - Storms can sweep away precious organisations, Local Authorities, Somerset Wildlife topsoil. Sea level rise and storm surges can damage agricultural land, abundant with wetlands, peatland, trees and hedgerows. Our landscapes are uniquely placed Trust, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs), l Take part in a beach clean or rubbish tidy-up when precious dune systems leading to flooding from the National Park (ENP) as well as major sea. to sequester and store greenhouse gases naturally, out for a walk to prevent plastics and rubbish from including carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. employers. Partnership collaboration is crucial to entering our rivers, seas and oceans. unlocking the latent opportunities provided by our l Soil Loss: Quantity and Quality - Soil depth and If invested in, protected and regenerated these natural rich natural environment and to overcoming the l Support a local community project to re-wild some soil quality are crucial to food production, supporting resources within Somerset can: challenges to our communities and natural habitats land or create a community green space. an abundance of wildlife and limiting flood risk. brought about by the impacts of Climate Change. Compacted, impoverished and thin soils can lead to l help build our resilience to Climate Change by increased flooding and run-off causing multiple reducing the risk of flooding and drought l A Somerset Pollinator Action Plan problems within river systems. l create health ecosystems with increased biodiversity This Plan sets out actions to ensure the welfare of l SECTOR ANALYSIS: Water Quality - Poor water quality has a significant able to support healthy, productive farming pollinators are considered and included in decision- impact on the ecosystems it supports. Pollution from making and planning, that pesticide use is reduced, NATURAL various sources can impact water quality along with l enhance our health and wellbeing habitat increased, protected, connected and improved, wastewater discharged into rivers and watercourses. and awareness of the importance of pollinators to ENVIRONMENT l can also provide new economic opportunities in the UK economy for food production is raised. l Insect Decline - Insects make up the bulk of all green and eco-tourism known species on earth and are vital to land and freshwater ecosystems. They perform essential roles l lock in carbon in the soils and vegetation to help such as pollination, seed dispersal and are food mitigate against Climate Change for numerous animals, including birds, bats, fish and frogs. The main causes of insect decline include Clear penalties are needed for organisations and Climate Change induced habitat loss and the over- individuals causing pollution, with liability for clean-up use of pesticides. costs.

l Pests and diseases - As our local flora and habitats are put under increasing stress due to Climate Change effects, they can become weaker and more susceptible to pests and diseases. This can be made worse by imported plant stocks which enable diseases to spread more easily.

WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP l In 2018, Agriculture was responsible for 4% of carbon The National Farmers’ Union (NFU) has committed to Across Somerset the 5 Local Authorities will support: l Grow your own fruit and vegetables. emissions within Somerset. However, methane ‘Net Zero’ by 2040 so, as an industry, there is leadership l More on-farm renewables which cut energy costs l Support local suppliers by buying foods grown or produced from farming practices is a much bigger and support for developing ‘Net Zero’ policies that support for producers and reduce carbon emissions. produced in the local area. contributor to Climate Change than CO2. farmers and the delivery of wider environmental and social benefits. l Improved on-farm recycling to cut rubbish, prevent l l Eat good quality, locally produced meat. Agriculture has national importance for the delivery harmful waste entering our waterways and the local of food and management of the natural environment The three key pillars of their Strategy are: environment and reduce emissions. with 679,500 acres (275,000 hectares) of farmed land l Consider a more plant-based diet. in the County. l Boosting productivity and reducing emissions: l Develop shorter ‘climate friendly’ supply chains l Eat less processed food and try to buy products with improving farming’s productive efficiency will enable for food products by encouraging the links between l no, or less, single use plastic packaging. It has national importance in terms of the delivery farmers to produce the same quantity of food, or local farms and the local food economy. of food and management of the natural environment more, with less inputs, in smarter ways enabling with 275,000ha of farmed land in the County. the sector to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. l Encourage ‘wildlife friendly’ farm management practices to help protect and restore habitats and l l Climate Change is already having an impact at a Farmland carbon storage: lock up carbon in the soils and vegetation. farm level across Somerset. Changes to the way Improving land management and changing land use rainfall events happen over a year, coupled with to capture more carbon, through the greater provision l Communities to be more engaged in food changes to temperature in the different seasons, of hedgerows, woodland and carbon-rich soils. production and the impact of sourcing local food has meant increased challenges for farming such This has positive benefits to the environment, wider in reducing Climate Change. SECTOR ANALYSIS: as: landscape and local biodiversity by locking up harmful emissions whilst conserving existing l changing dates for sowing and harvesting l Somerset residents to make informed purchasing FARMING & FOOD carbon stores in grassland and pasture. l housing livestock for longer decisions which reduce the impacts on the environment, support healthy, less carbon intense l l dealing with extreme weather events Coupling bioenergy to carbon capture, utilisation diets and locally sourced products and produce. and storage: l managing flooded land or erosion risks

l dealing with water shortages for livestock and Boosting renewable energy and the bio-economy the irrigation of crops to displace greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and create greenhouse gas removal through photosynthesis and carbon capture.

WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP l The roles and responsibilities for water, flood and Measures to address water management and flood Across Somerset actions to tackle Climate Change l Turn off the tap whilst brushing your teeth. coastal erosion risk management are complex, risk, made worse by Climate Change, must deliver include: involving many organisations and authorities. multiple benefits. Techniques such as Natural Flood l Take shorter showers and fewer baths to conserve l The Somerset Rivers Authority: water. They must work together to ensure water is Management and Sustainable Drainage Systems Following the major 2013-14 flood event, the Somerset appropriately captured, utilised, sustainably (SuDS) are already widely implemented addressing Rivers Authority was formed offering a means to raise l Use a refillable water bottle rather than buying bottled managed and treated. flood and water management challenges in a more money locally to provide additional standards of flood water. sustainable way and offering increased carbon capture protection based on local priorities. l In 2017, emissions from water collection, treatment (sequestration) and improved catchment management. and supply services, made up approximately 0.7% l Install a water butt in your garden to capture rainwater l Adaptation Pathways in Somerset: to use for watering your plants and vegetables. of the UK’s total greenhouse gas emissions. These innovative projects often include engagement This is a collaborative project which puts Somerset with the local community to develop opportunities and at the forefront of strategic Climate Change risk l Finding ways to reduce water and energy usage and “co-create” solutions, raising awareness of Climate assessment within the UK. It draws on the expertise l Ask your water provider to install a water meter. mitigate the carbon costs of water management Change and flooding risks. and experience of multiple decision makers, and will be essential if the County is to become carbon communities affected by their decisions, to develop neutral. In addition, all the English Water Companies have adaptation plans and possible solutions to these pledged to achieve ‘Net Zero’ carbon emissions for the issues, through a process known as co-creation. l The consequences of Climate Change pose whole sector by 2030, the first industrial sector in the This approach to managing risk will ensure the significant threats to Somerset which will be UK to make such a pledge. County is adequately prepared for the future. disproportionately affected by changes to storm and rainfall patterns, causing increased drought, flooding Private water companies are currently responsible SECTOR ANALYSIS: l Improved resilience to Climate Change impacts: and coastal erosion. Sedgemoor District is in the top for promoting the need to reduce household water Adaptation measures, such as Natural Flood WATER three areas in the UK most at risk from flooding. consumption, but currently water use is still rising. Management and Sustainable Urban Drainage One campaign that they are promoting is the ‘Refill’ Systems (SUDs) are being implemented to address l Climate Change also lead to water shortages campaign. flood and water management challenges across the as rainfall patterns change and droughts become County. more common, creating problems with water quality l Bottled water is around 900 times more carbon and availability. intensive than tap water. The water industry is leading a national shift towards refilling water bottles through l The Environment Agency (EA) has described the the ‘Refill’ campaign, whilst committing to stopping significant level of extra investment needed to enable 4 billion plastic bottles ending up as waste by 2030. communities to adapt to Climate Change. The EA estimates that nationally, on average at least £1 billion annual investment is needed in flooding and coastal change infrastructure over the next 50 years.

WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP Recent greenhouse gas emission data shows that the Waste is a valuable resource and developing a ‘circular’ Somerset is well placed to develop an adapt to the l When shopping, try to buy items with less packaging. waste sector accounts for 4.6% of the total carbon economy would see us keeping more resources in use demands of a circular economy and is focused on emissions released in the UK. There was a significant for as long as possible, extracting the maximum value collecting high quality materials to be recycled that are in l Replace disposable or single use items, like plastic demand by UK re-processors. bottles and plastic bags with reusable items such as reduction from 66.6 MtCO2e in 1990 to 20.7 MtCO2e from them. We should recover and regenerate products in 2018, a decrease of nearly 70%. and materials whenever we can, giving them new leases bags for life. of life. Other steps being taken to tackle Climate Change within l Increased re-use and recycling, reducing the the waste sector in Somerset include: l Ensure you sort all of your waste and recycling biodegradable materials entering landfill, and moving Somerset Waste Partnership (SWP) manages household (including food waste) into the appropriate recycling away from reliance on landfill to dispose of waste waste services and schools’ waste on behalf of all 5 l Better engagement with business: containers rather than putting everything into your has been crucial to this achievement. Local Authorities in Somerset and collects waste from Provide advice and guidance to businesses regarding household bin. over 250,000 households. legislation, sustainable material choices for production However, waste still makes a significant contribution to and packaging, and encourage better sorting of waste l Recycle your food waste or compost it for use in our carbon emissions from methane produced by the l SWP makes over 20 million collections each year, to increase recycling. your garden. decomposition of biodegradable waste. taking place from five collections depots serving the County. l Increased rates of recycling: l Try to repair or reuse items rather than throwing l In the UK alone, an estimated 10 million tonnes of Utilising initiatives such as Recycle More and Slim my them away, but if you can’t try to recycle them in food and drink are wasted post-farm gate annually, l There are 16 Household Waste Recycling Centres Waste Campaigns to engage with residents and drive the the most environmentally-friendly way. worth around £20 billion. across Somerset which achieved a recycling rate up recycling rates. of 69% in 2018/19. SECTOR ANALYSIS: Waste Sector assets and operations are vulnerable to l Reducing the amount of waste generated: many Climate Change impacts. There is likely to be l In Somerset, 85% of households take part in the Restricting refuse capacity to make people consider WASTE & RESOURCES increased disruption to waste collections due to extreme recycling collections and the current household how to generate less waste and where their waste weather events: recycling rate is 52.41%. 91% of this material, was comes from. recycled in the UK, with almost 46% reprocessed in l flooding, heatwaves, stormy weather and damage Somerset. l Reducing emissions and building resilience across to infrastructure and vehicles, delayed collections the waste management sector: due to inaccessibility, and higher levels of waste l 62% of households take part in food waste collections. SWP recently introduced a new fleet of vehicles created from the clearance of flooded and damaged However, food waste still accounts for a large which will increase the capacity for recycled homes and businesses. percentage of the waste in the refuse bin and materials by 27,000 tonnes and will save around has the biggest carbon impact. 30% of emissions compared to the previous vehicles. l Higher summer temperatures may increase risk of smells and vermin around poorly managed waste, l Somerset Schools still lag behind, with recycling and impact on collection crews who are working rates of only 25%. outside in the heat of the day.

WHAT ARE THE ISSUES? WHAT MUST BE DONE? WHAT WE WILL DO WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP Climate Change is one of the greatest threats we Everyone knowing what part that they can play in the The 5 Local Authorities will develop a Communications l Become a Climate Champion. Share the message face today. We must ensure that all of Somerset’s success of the Strategy, and everyone making effective, and Engagement Plan with 4 key areas of focus: of the Climate Emergency Strategy and actions with businesses, communities and residents understand lasting, behavioural change. l Messaging and promotion your friends, family, colleagues and neighbours. how we are contributing to Climate Change through Your conversation might change their minds and l the emissions released as a result of the way we live The results of the online surveys and consultation Community engagement encourage them to act. our lives and the devastating impact this has had events give a clear picture that the public believes that l Lobbying and influencing the UK Government and and continues to have on our planet. the Local Authorities were focusing on the right issues policy l Use the resources that the Local Authorities develop to ensure climate action informs everyday decisions in the Climate Change Framework. The public welcomed l Influencing behaviour change Immediate action is needed now at an international, the actions proposed, with many receiving a remarkable regarding what to wear, eat, where to work, how to travel, and about energy use. Share these in your national and local level to tackle this problem and this 90% plus approval rating as a ‘priority’ or ‘major priority’. Behaviour and lifestyle changes are key and the Local community. will require fundamental changes to our energy and In fact, of the 33 proposed actions, the least popular is Authorities will develop and promote understanding of transport networks, our homes and how we travel. still regarded as a priority or major priority by 76% of the positive changes which can be made and support l Engage with decision makers to ensure the aims respondents. local communities in reducing any negative impacts on and ambition of the Climate Emergency Strategy The Local Authorities must ensure that everyone the climate and our environment. understands what we are seeking to achieve through There is a strong desire for action to tackle both the and associated action plan reflects our local communities’ needs and is communicated effectivel the Climate Emergency Strategy and the actions we causes and impact of Climate Change among adults and The Local Authorities will: will need to take as individuals, communities and young people in Somerset. Nearly all survey feedback to deliver change. organisations if we are to reverse the damage already showed residents feel Climate Change is real and needs l Aim to get people and businesses within Somerset caused, achieve carbon neutrality and over time develop addressing through action to reduce carbon emissions. interested in climate matters, consider their own l Speak to your employer and ask them to take action SECTOR ANALYSIS: a County which is resilient to the impacts of Climate The respondents do not need convincing that the Local carbon footprints, address the myths surrounding in the areas highlighted in the Business Section. Change. Authorities should do something to tackle the Climate Climate Change and encourage them to take COMMUNICATIONS Emergency but want to see the evidence that Local affirmative action. l Lobby Government and your local representatives There is still a reticence in significant quarters of the Authorities will, or are, doing something. to ensure the Climate Emergency is at the forefront population to accept that Climate Change is strongly l Communicate Somerset’s progress in delivering of policy making. impacted by human activities and that significant For those who do not ‘buy into’ the Climate Change actions that have impact and lasting benefit. behavioural and lifestyle changes need to be made narrative, any changes to their lifestyles will be met with by the majority of the population. resistance. To address this, changes need to be shown l Encourage local communities and community as positives, such as cheaper electricity, lower fuel bills, groups to come together, share ideas and best Many people are still not informed or clear about the safer routes to school, cleaner air and security from practice, collaborate on schemes and projects to causes of Climate Change and don’t know how to take flooding. maximise utility, and gain economies of scale to action to tackle it. tackle the Climate Emergency.

The Communications and Engagement Plan will aim to empower people, make them feel an important part of the solution, not just part of the problem. We will encourage collaboration in our efforts to shape local, national and international policy through collective lobbying. Glossary of Terms

Action Plan, monitoring and review An explanation of some of the terms used Carbon Footprint: the total greenhouse gas CCRA: every 5 years, the UK Government is within this Strategy. emissions caused by an individual, event, required under the terms of the 2008 Climate From the various outcomes identified in the organisation, service or product expressed as Change Act, to publish a Climate Change Risk Climate Emergency Strategy, a series of Adaptation, or Climate Change Adaptation: carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), expressing Assessment. This Risk Assessment must actions have been developed into a high- ways in which we act to manage the the size of the impact something has on the address “the risks ... from the current and level Action Plan. The Plan outlines what unavoidable risks and impacts of Climate environment predicted impacts of Climate Change”. actions are needed, who will deliver them, Change, building resilience within, or adapting, Carbon Neutrality: (also having a ‘Net Zero’ Circular Economy: an economic system how much it will cost where that is known, our natural and built environment both now carbon footprint) refers to achieving ‘Net Zero’ aimed at eliminating waste and the continual and what funding is available, or required. The and into the future. carbon dioxide emissions either by balancing use of resources, and seeking to de-couple Actions will be dynamic and flexible in nature, Adaptation Pathways: an approach which carbon emissions with carbon removal, growth from the consumption of finite continuously adapting to the most up-to-date considers many possible future scenarios or simply eliminating carbon emissions resources. evidence, methodologies, funding sources, and permits all the options and their potential altogether. emerging innovation and ideas. The Action Climate Change: the rising average impacts to be considered. Plan will be reviewed regularly and reported Carbon Offsetting: a mechanism used to temperature of earth’s climate system, called on. APIS: stands for ‘adaptation pathways in compensate for, or ‘offset’, carbon dioxide or global warming, is driving changes in rainfall Somerset’. greenhouse gas emissions made elsewhere. patterns, extreme weather, arrivals of seasons, Summary The process involves a business, individual and more. Collectively, global warming and its Arable farming: using farming land to grow or country providing the funds for activities effects are known as Climate Change. crops. Somerset needs to take action urgently or projects that improve or enhance the Climate Emergency: a situation in which to tackle Climate Emergency. The Climate Baseline: the measure of the County’s current environment or buying ‘carbon credits’ to urgent action is required to reduce or halt Emergency Strategy is the beginning of our and future greenhouse gas emissions without balance out the emissions from their own Climate Change and avoid potentially journey. We all face difficult decisions and reference to any changes to current policy and activities. irreversible environmental damage resulting have many challenges to overcome, but by action. This is the ‘line’ against which change Carbon Sequestration and Storage: removing from it. working together we can make significant is, and will be, measured. carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon progress to deliver our Goals for a brighter Co-Adapt project: in Somerset, the Co-Adapt BEIS: the Department for Business, Energy from our atmosphere and storing it for the future. Join us to help make it happen. Project will invest in the development, testing and Industrial Strategy, part of the UK long term and rolling out of nature-based solutions Government. to increase capacity to adapt to the water- CCC: the UK’s Committee on Climate Change, related effects of Climate Change. Carbon Credit: a term used to describe any formed mainly from a group of scientists, tradeable certificate or permit giving the which gives independent advice to the CO2: carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. holder a right to emit one tonne of carbon UK Government on building a low-carbon dioxide, or the equivalent amount of a different economy and preparing for Climate Change. greenhouse gas. TOWARDS A CLIMATE RESILIENCE SOMERSET SUMMARY CO2e: a measurement of the carbon dioxide Flood Risk Zones: all land in is zoned IEA: the International Energy Agency, an Mitigation and Climate Mitigation: ways to Pastoral farming: uses pasture, or grassland, SuDS: sustainable urban drainage systems, equivalent of the amount of other greenhouse by the Environment Agency as 1, 2, 3a and 3b, independent intergovernmental organisation cut or prevent the emission of greenhouse to support livestock, like dairy farming, and also sustainable drainage systems. Ways of gases emitted by an event or action. indicating the area’s probability of river or sea which focuses on energy security, economic gases and limit the impacts of future global farming beef cattle and sheep for wool. managing water which allow rain and flood flooding. development and environmental protection, warming. water to drain from land using deliberately County: the County of Somerset. R&D: research and development. particularly mitigating Climate Change and placed water management systems, like Framework: the 5 Local Authorities’ joint Mixed farming: farming livestock and crops. Defra: the Department for the Environment, promoting alternate energy sources including Ramsar: wetland sites designated to be of storage areas, so as to reduce the risk of document outlining the proposed areas Food and Rural Affairs, part of the UK renewable energy. MWe: megawatt electrical. international importance. water and flood damage. of focus for the Climate Emergency Strategy. Government. The document details some actions that Local KPIs and Key Performance Indicators: MWth: megawatt thermal. RIIO-ED2 and RIIO-ET2: the next electricity Transmission line: cabling which moves Authorites, organisations, businesses and ways of measuring the success or failure of a distribution and transmission mechanism electricity from a power plant or station to Distribution line: cabling which moves Natural capital: the stock of natural assets eg. residents can take to help reduce carbon team, project, product or organisation using used by the Office of Gas and Electricity substations. electricity from a substation to a customer geology, soil, air, water and all living things. emissions. information on the achievements considered Markets (Ofgem) to control network prices. V2G: a system whereby electric vehicles Distribution Network Operators (DNOs): most important to success. This will be tougher on network companies, Fuel Poverty: households are considered Natural flood management: using natural charge more slowly at a time when there is companies licensed to distribute electricity in who must deliver innovation, reliability and to be in ‘fuel poverty’ when their members ktCO2: kilotonnes of carbon dioxide. methods to reduce the risk of flooding high demand for electricity from the grid, and Great Britain eg. Western Power Distribution investment at the least cost to consumers. cannot afford to keep adequately warm at a eg. restoring river bends, land and soil when plug-in electric vehicles return electricity MtCO2e: megatonnes of carbon dioxide management, strategic tree planting. RIIO stands for Revenue using Incentives to Distribution System Operators (DSOs): reasonable cost given their income. from their charged batteries to the electricity equivalent. deliver Innovation and Outputs. those responsible for operating, ensuring the grid. Gravity campus: a 635 acre site of mixed-use Nature recovery network: a Wildlife Trust maintenance of and, if necessary, developing Local Authority and Local Authorities: Solar PV: solar photovoltaic – a method of commercial development focused on clean initiative where interlocking projects aim to Water UK: A trade association representing the distribution system in an area and a Council or several Councils. In the Strategy generating electricity from sunlight, commonly growth based near Junction 23 of the M5 at protect nature and increase its resilience and the major water companies of the United ensuring long-term ability to meet reasonable this is likely to mean the 5 Somerset Councils. using rooftop and panels at ground level. in Somerset. services through a multitude of government Kingdom. demand. interventions, plans and people. LNPs and Local Nature Partnerships: Electricity distribution 2: the next round of Greenhouse gases: the primary greenhouse EA and Environment Agency: a non- these collaborations bring together local electricity network price controls which start gases in the earth’s atmosphere are water Net Zero: achieving an overall balance departmental public body with responsibility organisations, businesses and people in 2021. vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO ) methane between emissions produced and for protection and enhancement of the 2 who want to improve their local natural emissions taken out of the atmosphere. (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and Ozone (O3) SME: small and medium-sized enterprise: a environment in England. environment. business with fewer than 250 employees. GWh: Gigawatt hour, a unit of energy NFU: National Farmers’ Union Ecosystem Services: the many and varied Marginal abatement cost curve (MACC): representing one million kilowatt hours or one benefits provided by the natural environment a chart showing estimates of the volume ‘One Planet Living’ Principles: ten principles billion watt hours. Gigawatt hours are often and healthy ecosystems eg. pollination of and costs of different ways to reduce that cover all aspects of social, environmental used as a measure of the output of large crops, clean air, extreme weather mitigation, emissions in a given year. and economic sustainability. electricity power stations. human wellbeing, clean water, waste decomposition and resilient, productive food systems. TOWARDS A CLIMATE RESILIENCE SOMERSET SUMMARY