Swimrun: an Emerging New Endurance Sport', Movement and Sports Sciences - Science Et Motricite, Vol
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Portal University of Birmingham Swimrun Lepers, Romuald; Li, François Xavier; Stapley, Paul James DOI: 10.1051/sm/2018004 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Lepers, R, Li, FX & Stapley, PJ 2018, 'Swimrun: an emerging new endurance sport', Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 53-58. https://doi.org/10.1051/sm/2018004 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Checked for eligibility: 07/11/2019 This paper appears in its final form in Movement and Sport Sciences - Science and Motricité, copyright © ACAPS, EDP Sciences, 2018. The final Version of Record, Lepers R, Li F-X, Paul, & Stapley J (2018) Swimrun: An emerging new endurance sport. 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Mar. 2020 Movement Sport Sciences Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité 2018, 100,53–58 Science Motricité © ACAPS, EDP Sciences, 2018 Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1051/sm/2018004 www.mov-sport-sciences.org ARTICLE Swimrun: An emerging new endurance sport Romuald Lepers1,*, François-Xavier Li2, and Paul James Stapley3 1 Laboratoire INSERM U1093, Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 27 877, 21078 Dijon, France 2 School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK 3 Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Received 21 June 2017, Accepted 10 February 2018 Abstract- - The swimrun is a new endurance team-sport based on two persons swimming and running alternatively through open water and mostly trails. The aim of this study was to analyse participation and performance trends for males, females and mixed duo team at the ÖTILLÖ Swimrun race (10 km open-water swimming and 65 km trail running). During the 2012–2016 period, the mean total time performance of the best athletes at the ÖTILLÖ Swimrun decreased significantly by 17 min/year for males, 40 min/year for mixed and 59 min/year for females duo, respectively. The difference in performance between the best males and females duo (26 ± 15%) was significantly greater compared to the difference between males and mixed duo (12 ± 8%). The number of swimrun races organized across the world has dramatically increased these last years and will probably continue to grow up in the future. Swimrun athletes are still not very experienced, thus both improvements in performance and reduction in sex difference are expected in the next decade. Keywords: swimming, open-water swimming, trail running, sex difference, ultra-endurance Résumé- - Swimrun : l’émergence d’un nouveau sport d’endurance. Le swimrun est une nouvelle épreuve d’endurance par équipe de deux personnes qui alternativement nagent en eaux libres et courent la plupart du temps sur des sentiers. Le but de cette étude est d’analyser l’évolution de la participation et des performances pour les équipes hommes, femmes et mixte sur l’épreuve ÖTILLÖ Swimrun (10 km natation en eau libre et 65 km de course à pied). Au cours de la période 2012–2016, la performance chronométrique moyenne des meilleurs athlètes à l’ÖTILLÖ Swimrun s’est améliorée respectivement de 17 min/an pour les équipes hommes, 40 min/an pour les équipes mixtes et 59 min/an pour les équipes femmes. La différence de performance entre les meilleures équipes masculines et féminines (26 ± 15 %) est significativement plus grande par rapport à la différence entre les équipes masculines et mixtes (12 ± 8 %). Le nombre d’épreuves swimrun organisées à travers le monde a considérablement augmenté ces dernières années et va probablement continuer d’augmenter àl’avenir. Les performances des meilleurs athlètes devraient continuer de s’améliorer au cours de la prochaine décennie avec notamment une réduction de la différence de performance entre les sexes. Mots clés : natation en eau libre, course trail, différence entre les sexes, ultra-endurance 1 Introduction 2009; Hoffman, Ong, & Wang, 2010; Knechtle, Knechtle, & Lepers 2011; Lepers, 2008; Lepers, Rüst, Stapley, & Endurance disciplines such as trail running or triathlon Knechtle, 2013). Recently, a new endurance sport called emerged during the 1980’s and have grown progressively ‘swimrun’ has emerged. Swimrun is a two persons team- to reach a very high level of popularity. After an initial sport involving non-stop multiple segments of swimming phase of rapid improvement of performances, there has and running. The swim legs are undertaken in open-water been a relative plateau, with small improvements for both (lakes or the ocean) and run legs take place usually cross- males and females and relative stability in performance country on various surfaces, mostly trails. The team mates differences between the sexes (e.g. Hoffman, & Wegelin, can help each other, including pulling the weakest member using a tether. A major rule of the event is that *Corresponding author: [email protected] competitors must carry their equipment with them for 54 R. Lepers et al.: Mov Sport Sci/Sci Mot 2018, 100,53–58 and females vary between 10% and 14% depending on the discipline with the smallest difference observed for open- water races (Eichenberger et al., 2012, 2013). Swimrun represents an interesting model to compare endurance performance between male and female duo teams, and mixed duo teams. In particular, the influence of the partner’s gender on a female athlete’s performance can be examined. The aims of this paper were therefore twofold: – to analyse performance trends for male, female and mixed duo teams at the ÖTILLÖ Swimrun (the premier swimrun event in the world); – to analyse participation trends and compare perfor- mances of male, female and mixed duo teams at five races of the ÖTILLÖ Swimrun qualifying series. We hypothesized: – the performances of the best swimrunners had improved Fig. 1. Number of swimrun races in the world from 2006 to 2017 at ÖTILLÖ Swimrun during the last years; (adapted from http://www.worldofswimrun.com). – the level of performance of the mixed duo would be intermediary between those of the males duo and the the length of the race. This means that generally, the females duo. athletes swim with their running shoes on and run whilst wearing their wetsuit. The first official event called ÖTILLÖ (Swedish for “Island to island”)Swimrun 2 Methods took place in Sweden in 2006 (http://otilloswimrun. com), and remained rather confidential until 2011 and is Approval for the project was obtained from the now self-labelled ‘World Championship’. The total Burgundy University Committee on Human Research. distance of ÖTILLÖ Swimrun is 75 km of which 10 km The dataset from this study was obtained from the is open-water swimming and 65 km of trail running over ÖTILLÖ Swimrun website: http://otilloswimrun.com 24 islands of the Stockholm Archipelago. Competitors can qualify or accumulate points in a series of shorter 2.1 ÖTILLÖ Swimrun events. The best male duo teams finish the ÖTILLÖ Swimrun in around 8 hours making it an ultra-endur- Since 2012, the ÖTILLÖ Swimrun is held each year on ance performance. the first Monday of September in the Stockholm According to the international swimrun website Archipelago, Sweden with only minor changes in the (http://www.worldofswimrun.com/), the number of course. This race is now internationally recognized as the swimrun races has increased exponentially since the first World Championship of the discipline though it is not part official event held in Sweden in 2006 (see Fig. 1). In 2016, of a federation. The ÖTILLÖ Swimrun is point-to-point 214 swimrun races of different distances took places in the race, combining a 10 km open-water swim in the Baltic Sea world compared to only 11 races in 2013. The number of and a 65 km trail run with more than 50 segments that confirmed swimrun races for 2017 has already reached 308 cross around 26 islands. The temperature of the water is and every month more races are announced. Races are around 13 °C and the temperature of the air is around organized all around the world in more than 20 countries, 15 °C.