Bab Al-Nasr • Is the Massive Fortified Gate with Rectangular Stone Towers Flanking the Semicircular Arch of the Eastern Portal
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THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY in CAIRO School of Humanities And
1 THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO School of Humanities and Social Sciences Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations Islamic Art and Architecture A thesis on the subject of Revival of Mamluk Architecture in the 19th & 20th centuries by Laila Kamal Marei under the supervision of Dr. Bernard O’Kane 2 Dedications and Acknowledgments I would like to dedicate this thesis for my late father; I hope I am making you proud. I am sure you would have enjoyed this field of study as much as I do. I would also like to dedicate this for my mother, whose endless support allowed me to pursue a field of study that I love. Thank you for listening to my complains and proofreads from day one. Thank you for your patience, understanding and endless love. I am forever, indebted to you. I would like to thank my family and friends whose interest in the field and questions pushed me to find out more. Aziz, my brother, thank you for your questions and criticism, they only pushed me to be better at something I love to do. Zeina, we will explore this world of architecture together some day, thank you for listening and asking questions that only pushed me forward I love you. Alya’a and the Friday morning tours, best mornings of my adult life. Iman, thank you for listening to me ranting and complaining when I thought I’d never finish, thank you for pushing me. Salma, with me every step of the way, thank you for encouraging me always. Adham abu-elenin, thank you for your time and photography. -
A New Path to Urban Rehabilitation in Cairo
A New Path to Urban Rehabilitationin Cairo STEFANO BIANCA, DIRECTOR, HISTORIC CITIES SUPPORT PROGRAMME xposed as they are to ever increasing pressures of modern urban development and to creep- ing globalised uniformity, the historic cities of the Islamic world represent a rich cultural legacy worth preserving as a reference and source of inspiration for future generations. Un- like most of their Western counterparts, many of them managed to survive as authentic living cities, in spite of physical decline and economic depression. Their skilfully adorned monuments, whether made of stone, brick or timber, carry the imprint of timeless spiritual messages which still speak to present users. The cohesive patterns of their historic urban fabric embody meaningful modes of so- cial interaction and tangible environmental qualities, which transmit the experience of past gener- ations and are still able to shape and support contemporary community life; for the values inherent to their spatial configurations transcend short-lived changes and fashions. Such contextual values, sadly absent in most of our planned modern towns, constitute the cul- tural essence of historic cities. To use an analogy from literature, the qualitative rapport between single components has the power to transform a series of words into significant information or, even better, to make the difference between 'prose' and 'poetry'. This is why a city can become a collective work of art, or rather a living cultural experience, perpetuated by means of social rit- uals and local myths and tales. Cairo, in particular, is engraved in the cultural memory of Muslim visitors, readers, and listeners. Since medieval times, prominent travellers such as Nasir- i-Khosraw, Ibn Jubayr and Ibn Battuta have praised its splendours.' The endless flow of stories contained in The Thousandand One Nights features Cairo, together with Baghdad, as the most re- current backdrop for all sorts of experiences and adventures. -
Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis
prelims.046 17/12/2004 4:58 PM Page i MAKERS of the MUSLIM WORLD Fazlallah Astarabadi and The Hurufis “Shahzad Bashir is to be commended for producing a remarkably accessible work on a complex subject; his explanations are models of lucidity and brevity.” PROFESSOR DEVIN DEWEESE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page ii SELECTION OF TITLES IN THE MAKERS OF THE MUSLIM WORLD SERIES Series editor: Patricia Crone, Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton ‘Abd al-Malik, Chase F.Robinson Abd al-Rahman III, Maribel Fierro Abu Nuwas, Philip Kennedy Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Christopher Melchert Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi, Usha Sanyal Al-Ma’mun, Michael Cooperson Al-Mutanabbi, Margaret Larkin Amir Khusraw, Sunil Sharma El Hajj Beshir Agha, Jane Hathaway Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis, Shazad Bashir Ibn ‘Arabi,William C. Chittick Ibn Fudi,Ahmad Dallal Ikhwan al-Safa, Godefroid de Callatay Shaykh Mufid,Tamima Bayhom-Daou For current information and details of other books in the series, please visit www.oneworld-publications.com/ subjects/makers-of-muslim-world.htm prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page iii MAKERS of the MUSLIM WORLD Fazlallah Astarabadi and The Hurufis SHAHZAD BASHIR prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page iv FAZLALLAH ASTARABADI AND THE HURUFIS Oneworld Publications (Sales and editorial) 185 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7AR England www.oneworld-publications.com © Shahzad Bashir 2005 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 1–85168–385–2 Typeset by Jayvee, -
The Fatimid Caliphate General Editor: Farhad Daftary Diversity of Traditions
'lltc Jnslitutc of lsmaili Studies Ismaili Heritage Series, 14 The Fatimid Caliphate General Editor: Farhad Daftary Diversity of Traditions Previously published titles: I. Paul E. Walker, Abu Ya'qub al-SijistiinI: Intellectual Missionary (1996) 2. Heinz Halm, The Fatimids and their Traditions of Learning ( 1997) 3. Paul E. Walker, Jjamfd al-Din al-Kirmani: Ismaili Thought in the Age ofal-l:iiikim (1999) 4. Alice C. Hunsberger, Nasir Khusraw, The Ruby of Badakhshan: A Portrait of the Persian Poet, Traveller and Philosopher (2000) 5. Farouk Mitha, Al-Ghazalf and the Ismailis: A Debate in Medieval Islam (2001) Edited by 6. Ali S. Asani, Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia (2002) Farhad Daftary and Shainool Jiwa 7. Paul E. Walker, Exploring an Islamic Empire: Fatimid History and its Sources (2002) 8. Nadia Eboo Jamal, Surviving the Mongols: Nizari Quhistani and the Continuity ofIsmaili Tradition in Persia (2002) 9. Verena Klemm, Memoirs of a Mission: The Ismaili Scholar; States man and Poet al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shfriizi (2003) 10. Peter Willey, Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria (2005) 11. Sumaiya A. Hamdani, Between Revolution and State: The Path to Fatimid Statehood (2006) 12. Farhad Daftary, Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies (2005) 13. Farhad Daftary, ed., A Modern History of the Ismailis (2011) I.B.Tauris Publishers LONDON • NEW YORK in association with The Institute oflsmaili Studies LONDON 1111 '1111' 1'itti111icl <: 11lifih111t· soun;cs and fanciful accounts of medieval times. 'lhus legends and misconceptions have continued to surround the Ismailis through the 20th century. -
Trip to Egypt January 25 to February 8, 2020. Day 1
Address : Group72,building11,ap32, El Rehab city. Cairo ,Egypt. tel : 002 02 26929768 cell phone: 002 012 23 16 84 49 012 20 05 34 44 Website : www.mirusvoyages.com EMAIL:[email protected] Trip to Egypt January 25 to February 8, 2020. Day 1 Travel from Chicago to Cairo Day 2 Arrival at Cairo airport, meet & assistance, transfer to the hotel. Overnight at the hotel in Cairo. Day 3 Saqqara, the oldest complete stone building complex known in history, Saqqara features numerous pyramids, including the world-famous Step pyramid of Djoser, Visit the wonderful funerary complex of the King Zoser & Mastaba (Arabic word meaning 'bench') of a Noble. Lunch in a local restaurant. Visit the three Pyramids of Giza, the pyramid of Cheops is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. ), the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. The temple of the valley & the Sphinx. Overnight at the hotel in Cairo. Day 4 Visit the Mokattam church, also known by Cave Church & garbage collectors( Zabbaleen) Mokattam, it is the largest church in the Middle East, seating capacity of 20,000. Visit the Coptic Cairo, Visit The Church of St. Sergius (Abu Sarga) is the oldest church in Egypt dating back to the 5th century A.D. The church owes its fame to having been constructed upon the crypt of the Holy Family where they stayed for three months, visit the Hanging Church (The Address : Group72,building11,ap32, El Rehab city. -
Policy Notes March 2021
THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY MARCH 2021 POLICY NOTES NO. 100 In the Service of Ideology: Iran’s Religious and Socioeconomic Activities in Syria Oula A. Alrifai “Syria is the 35th province and a strategic province for Iran...If the enemy attacks and aims to capture both Syria and Khuzestan our priority would be Syria. Because if we hold on to Syria, we would be able to retake Khuzestan; yet if Syria were lost, we would not be able to keep even Tehran.” — Mehdi Taeb, commander, Basij Resistance Force, 2013* Taeb, 2013 ran’s policy toward Syria is aimed at providing strategic depth for the Pictured are the Sayyeda Tehran regime. Since its inception in 1979, the regime has coopted local Zainab shrine in Damascus, Syrian Shia religious infrastructure while also building its own. Through youth scouts, and a pro-Iran I proxy actors from Lebanon and Iraq based mainly around the shrine of gathering, at which the banner Sayyeda Zainab on the outskirts of Damascus, the Iranian regime has reads, “Sayyed Commander Khamenei: You are the leader of the Arab world.” *Quoted in Ashfon Ostovar, Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (2016). Khuzestan, in southwestern Iran, is the site of a decades-long separatist movement. OULA A. ALRIFAI IRAN’S RELIGIOUS AND SOCIOECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN SYRIA consolidated control over levers in various localities. against fellow Baathists in Damascus on November Beyond religious proselytization, these networks 13, 1970. At the time, Iran’s Shia clerics were in exile have provided education, healthcare, and social as Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was still in control services, among other things. -
Evolution of Islamic Geometric Patterns
Frontiers of Architectural Research (2013) 2, 243–251 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/foar RESEARCH ARTICLE Evolution of Islamic geometric patterns Yahya Abdullahin, Mohamed Rashid Bin Embi1 Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia Received 18 December 2012; received in revised form 27 March 2013; accepted 28 March 2013 KEYWORDS Abstract Islamic geometrical This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) to patterns; architectural elements in terms of time scale accuracy and style matching. To this end, a Islamic art; detailed survey is conducted on the decorative patterns of 100 surviving buildings in the Muslim Islamic architecture; architectural world. The patterns are analyzed and chronologically organized to determine the History of Islamic earliest surviving examples of these adorable ornaments. The origins and radical artistic architecture; movements throughout the history of IGPs are identified. With consideration for regional History of architecture impact, this study depicts the evolution of IGPs, from the early stages to the late 18th century. & 2013. Higher Education Press Limited Company. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction three questions that guide this work are as follows. (1) When were IGPs introduced to Islamic architecture? (2) When was For centuries, Islamic geometrical patterns (IGPs) have been each type of IGP introduced to Muslim architects and artisans? used as decorative elements on walls, ceilings, doors, (3) Where were the patterns developed and by whom? A domes, and minarets. However, the absence of guidelines sketch that demonstrates the evolution of IGPs throughout and codes on the application of these ornaments often leads the history of Islamic architecture is also presented. -
Mamluk Studies Review Vol. XI, No. 2 (2007)
MAMLŪK STUDIES REVIEW XI (2) 2007 MAMLŪK STUDIES REVIEW XI (2) 2007 MIDDLE EAST DOCUMENTATION CENTER (MEDOC) THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PLEASE NOTE: As of 2015, to ensure open access to scholarship, we have updated and clarified our copyright policies. This page has been added to all back issues to explain the changes. See http://mamluk.uchicago.edu/open-acess.html for more information. MAMLŪK STUDIES REVIEW published by the middle east documentation center (medoc) the university of chicago E-ISSN 1947-2404 (ISSN for printed volumes: 1086-170X) Mamlūk Studies Review is an annual, Open Access, refereed journal devoted to the study of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and Syria (648–922/1250–1517). The goals ofMamlūk Studies Review are to take stock of scholarship devoted to the Mamluk era, nurture communication within the field, and promote further research by encouraging the critical discussion of all aspects of this important medieval Islamic polity. The journal includes both articles and reviews of recent books. Submissions of original work on any aspect of the field are welcome, although the editorial board will periodically issue volumes devoted to specific topics and themes.Mamlūk Studies Review also solicits edited texts and translations of shorter Arabic source materials (waqf deeds, letters,fatawa and the like), and encourages discussions of Mamluk era artifacts (pottery, coins, etc.) that place these resources in wider contexts. An article or book review in Mamlūk Studies Review makes its author a contributor to the scholarly literature and should add to a constructive dialogue. Questions regarding style should be resolved through reference to the MSR Editorial and Style Guide (http://mamluk.uchicago.edu/msr.html) and The Chicago Manual of Style. -
THE REIGN of AL-IHAKIM Bl AMR ALLAH ‘(386/996 - 41\ / \ Q 2 \ % "A POLITICAL STUDY"
THE REIGN OF AL-IHAKIM Bl AMR ALLAH ‘(386/996 - 41\ / \ Q 2 \ % "A POLITICAL STUDY" by SADEK ISMAIL ASSAAD Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London May 1971 ProQuest Number: 10672922 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672922 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The present thesis is a political study of the reign of al-Hakim Bi Amr Allah the sixth Fatimid Imam-Caliph who ruled between 386-411/ 996-1021. It consists of a note on the sources and seven chapters. The first chapter is a biographical review of al-Hakim's person. It introduces a history of his birth, childhood, succession to the Caliphate, his education and private life and it examines the contradiction in the sources concerning his character. Chapter II discusses the problems which al-Hakim inherited from the previous rule and examines their impact on the political life of his State. Chapter III introduces the administration of the internal affairs of the State. -
The Switchers Highlighted in This Guide
THE Your guide to off-the- beaten-path sustainable SWITCHERS travel and shopping Egypt SwitchMed programme is funded by the European Union —— SPOTLIGHT SPOTLIGHT EgyptEgypt RecognizedRecognized for for its its historyhistory andand nature,nature, Egypt’sEgypt’s tourism tourism sector sector isis steadilysteadily recovering,recovering, leaving leaving opportunityopportunity forfor sustainablesustainable tourism tourism initiativesinitiatives toto taketake rootroot andand grow. grow. This This guide guide willwill helphelp youyou traveltravel beyondbeyond the the standard standard touristtourist attractions,attractions, andand gain gain a a deeper deeper understandingunderstanding ofof thethe countrycountry and and the the innovative innovative entrepreneursentrepreneurs whowho call call it it home. home. ThisThis trip, trip, have have a a different different kindkind ofof experience:experience: one one that that isis asas responsibleresponsible andand environmentally-consciousenvironmentally-conscious asas itit isis fun.fun. Planning a trip can be overwhelming, so we kept this guide simple. It is separated into four sections: — THE FOUR SECTIONS YOU WILL FIND: WHERE TO WHERE TO WHAT TO WHAT TO STAY EAT DO BRING HOME We have also created a Google Map featuring each location mentioned, and underlined text can be clicked to access relevant websites. Each section features the projects and creations of our Egypt- Access Egypt Google Map based Switchers — the green entrepreneurs creating circular, sustainable economies to benefit their country and beyond. Whether you are traveling for business or work, we hope you discover something new and inspiring through the Switchers highlighted in this guide. Happy travels! The Switchers — HIGHLIGHTS 30 national parks & protected areas including Ras Mohamed National Park and Wadi Rayan 4.5 million visitors to Egypt in 2016 773,000 jobs in Egypt supported by tourism — WHERE TO STAY Where to Stay Venture out of Cairo and discover Egypt’s dazzling array of eco-lodges and camps. -
R. Feener a Re-Examination of the Place of Al-Hallaj in the Development of Southeast Asian Islam
R. Feener A re-examination of the place of al-Hallaj in the development of Southeast Asian Islam In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 154 (1998), no: 4, Leiden, 571-592 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/30/2021 12:59:33AM via free access R. MICHAEL FEENER A Re-Examination of the Place of al-Hallaj in the Development of Southeast Asian Islam For decades, the academic study of Islam in Southeast Asia has been domin- ated by a preoccupation with the role of mysticism in the region. From the earliest descriptions in Raffles' History of Java of 1817 to the anthropological writings of Clifford Geertz (Geertz I960, 1968), the mystical orientation of Southeast Asian Islam has been assumed a priori. Such an orientation has dominated the contents of several Leiden dissertations, and eventually led to Professor Johns' thesis concerning the role of Sufi turuq in the Islamization of the region.1 While there is no denying that some schools of Islamic mystic thought have been influential in the development of Islamic civilization in Southeast Asia, it seems inadvisable to continue taking the 'mystical' nature of Islam in the region as a given. Rather, we should refrain from letting the nebulous term 'Sufism' bias us in our investigations of the actual situation in both its historical and contemporary contexts. It was just such a predisposition to find the 'mystical' in Southeast Asian Islam that was evident in the Dutch publications cited by Massignon in his Passion.2 Going by indications in this handful of studies, Massignon came to imagine a much more prominent role of 'Sufism', and of Hallajian elements therein, than it may have actually played. -
Cyclical Time and Ismaili Gnosis
ISLAMIC TEXTS AND CONTEXTS Cyclical Time General Editor Hermann Landolt and Ismaili Gnosis Professor of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal and The Institute of Ismaili Studies, London Henry Corbin Assistant Editors KEGAN PAUL INTERNATIONAL London, Boston, Melbourne and Henley Elizabeth Brine in association with Dr James Morris ISLAMIC PUBLICATIONS The Institute of Ismaili Studies London The Institute of Ismaili Studies, London The Institute of Ismaili Studies was established in December 1977 with the object of promoting scholarship and learning in Islam, and a better understanding of other faiths, beliefs and practices. Its programmes are designed to encourage a balanced study of Islam and the diversity that exists within its fundamental unity. They also deal with the contemporary situation of the Islamic World, focusing on issues that are critical to its well-being. Since 1980 the Institute has been affiliated to McGill University, Mon- treal, Canada. It also works in association with other universities. With the co-operation of McGill University, the Institute runs a Depart- ment of Graduate Studies and Research (London and Paris). The series "Islamic Texts and Contexts" is edited by this Department. The views expressed in this series are those of the respective authors. Contents Editorial Note IX 1 CYCLICAL TIME IN MAZDAISM AND ISMAILISM 1 Translated by Ralph Manheim 1. Cyclical Time in Mazdaism 1 The Ages of the World in Zoroastrian Mazdaism 1 The Absolute Time of Zervanism 12 Dramaturgical Alterations 20 Time as a Personal Archetype 22 2. CyclicalTime in Ismailism 30 Absolute Time and Limited Time in the Ismaili Cosmology 30 The Periods and Cycles of Mythohistory 37 Resurrection as the Horizon of the Time of "Combat for the Angel" .