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Lummi Island Rock Quarry Expansion: Environmental Impact Assessment Jessica Conquest Western Washington University

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Lummi Island Rock Quarry Expansion: Environmental Impact Assessment Jessica Conquest Western Washington University Western Washington University Western CEDAR Huxley College Graduate and Undergraduate Huxley College of the Environment Publications Winter 2012 Lummi Island rock quarry expansion: environmental impact assessment Jessica Conquest Western Washington University Hannah Gallagher Western Washington University Erin Murray Western Washington University Grace Schmidt Western Washington University Jordan Zanmiller Western Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/huxley_stupubs Part of the Environmental Studies Commons Recommended Citation Conquest, Jessica; Gallagher, Hannah; Murray, Erin; Schmidt, Grace; and Zanmiller, Jordan, "Lummi Island rock quarry expansion: environmental impact assessment" (2012). Huxley College Graduate and Undergraduate Publications. 17. https://cedar.wwu.edu/huxley_stupubs/17 This Environmental Impact Assessment is brought to you for free and open access by the Huxley College of the Environment at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Huxley College Graduate and Undergraduate Publications by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lummi Island Rock Quarry Expansion Huxley College of the Environment Western Washington University Environmental Impact Assessment Winter 2012 March 8, 2012 Dear Concerned Citizen: In compliance with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), the following is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed expansion of the Mineral Resource Lands (MRL) zoning overlay on Government Lot 3, Lummi Island, Washington. The proposed action calls for 27.5 acres of previously zoned Rural Forestry (RF) lands to be given a MRL overlay so that mining activities may be conducted in the future, most likely by the current parcel owners, Lummi Rock, LLC, and operators, Aggregates West. This EIA is an academic venture and was created by Huxley College students as a capstone course, Environmental Science 436, under the supervision of Leo Bodensteiner. Therefore there has been no endorsement made by the proposer, Lummi Rock, or Whatcom County and this should not be used as an official document. The document seeks to analyze the proposed action and two other reasonable alternatives for managing the site, (1) a “no action” alternative, and (2) moving the MRL overlay expansion to another gravel mine also operated by Aggregates West, the probable significant adverse and beneficial environmental impacts, and their relation to existing policies, rules, and regulations. Information included in this EIA was gathered from Whatcom County, the Lummi Island Conservancy, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, in addition to other sources collected through the collaborative work of Huxley students and faculty. To encourage citizen participation, an informational presentation will be held at 5:00 PM on March 7th, 2012 at Fairhaven Books located at 1200 11th Street, Bellingham, WA. The public meeting will include a PowerPoint presentation and will provide citizens with the opportunity to pose questions and concerns to be addressed with regards to the EIA. Hard copies of the document will be available at Wilson Library and the Huxley Map Library, which are located on Western Washington University’s campus. An electronic copy of the EIA will also be made available to the public through the Wilson Library digital collections. It will be able to be viewed at the following web address: http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=%2Fhcc. Sincerely, The Lummi Island Quarry Expansion EIA Team Jessica Conquest, Hannah Gallagher, Erin Murray, Grace Schmidt & Jordan Zanmiller LUMMI ISLAND QUARRY EXPANSION Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Science 436 Professor Leo Bodensteiner Jessica Conquest Hannah Gallagher Erin Murray Grace Schmidt Jordan Zanmiller This report represents a class project that was carried out by students of Western Washington University, Huxley College of the Environment. It has not been undertaken at the request of any persons representing local governments or private individuals, nor does it necessarily represent the opinion or position of individuals from government or the private sector. HUXLEY COLLEGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Winter 2012 Fact Sheet Title: Mineral Resource Lands (MRL) Expansion, Lummi Island Quarry Description of Project: Amendment of the Whatcom County comprehensive plan to rezone approximately 27.5 acres of designated Rural Forestry to include a Mineral Resource Lands (MRL) overly on Lummi Island. Most of what remains of Government Lot 3, Lummi Island would be part of the expansion of the MRL, excluding the point off the east side of Smugglers Cove and a 200-foot setback along the shoreline. Legal Description of Location: SW ¼ OF SECTION 24, TOWNSHIP 37 N, RANGE 1E, GOVERNMENT LOT 3 Existing MRL Overly: NE ¼, SW ¼ SECTION 24 (GOVERNEMENT LOT 3) Proposed MRL Overlay: SE ¼, SW ¼ SECTION 24 (GOVERNEMENT LOT 3) Proposer: Lummi Rock, LLC Lead Agency: Bodensteiner & Associates Related Permits and Laws: Federal Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act Federal Clean Air Act Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Safety Health Administration) Forest Practices and Land Clearing Permit (Chapter 76.09RCW; Title 222 WAC; Local Ordinances) Hydraulic Code Rules, Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 220-110 Local Ordinance Noise Control Act (Chapter (70.107RCW); Chapter 173-60 WAC)) Reclamation Permit (Surface Mining Act – Department of Natural Resources) Sand and Gravel General Permit (Chapter 90.48 RCW) Shoreline Master Program Guidelines Shoreline Management Act Permit (Chapter 90.58 RCW); Chapter 173-14,173-162, 173-20 WAC) Surface Mining Act (Chapter (78.44 RCW); WAC 197-11-938) Threatened and Endangered Species Act; 50 CFR 17, 50 CFR 402-453.06 Water Pollution Control Act (Chapter 90.48 RCW) Washington Clean Air Act (Chapter 70.94 RCW) Whatcom County Comprehensive Plan and Growth Management Act Whatcom County Land Disturbance and Clearing Permit Whatcom Critical Areas Ordinance For more information regarding mining regulations see Mining Regulations in Washington (Norman 2000). i Contributors: Jessica Conquest: Background & Chapter 1 & Vegetation & Wildlife Hannah Gallagher: Environmental Heath & Public Services and Utilities Erin Murray: Air Quality & Land, Shoreline Use and Visual and Scenic Resources Grace Schmidt: Energy and Natural Resources & Transportation Jordan Zanmiller: Earth & Water Distribution List: Leo Bodensteiner Huxley Map Library Environmental Studies Building 522 Wilson Library 1 West Room 170 Huxley College of the Environment Western Washington University Western Washington University 516 High Street Bellingham, WA 98225 Bellingham, WA 98225 Wilson Library Cooperators Western Libraries Lummi Island Conservancy Western Washington University Meredith Moench 516 High Street Bellingham, WA 98225-9085 Acknowledgments: We would like to give special thanks to the following people: Meredith Moench, Lummi Island Conservancy Dr. Leo Bodensteiner, Huxley College, Western Washington University Kent Nielson, Lummi Island Conservancy Keturah Witter, Re-Sources Issue Date: March 9th 2012 Public Presentation: “Rocking Lummi Island: the Effects of Quarry Expansion” March 7th, 2012, 5:00 p.m. Village Books, 1200 11th St., Fairhaven ii Executive Summary Lummi Island is located in Whatcom County, Washington. The island is inhabited year round, but the number of residents doubles during the summer months. North Lummi Island supports the majority of its residents and is topographically flat. The southern half is mountainous and forested with limited amounts of development. There is a sandstone quarry located on the southeast side, directly abutting the shoreline. The quarry is owned by Lummi Rock LLC and operated by Aggregates West INC. Currently the quarry pit is 19 acres, but Lummi Rock has applied for a rezoning application to increase the mining area by 27.5 acres. A checklist was submitted under the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) to Whatcom County in December 2010, which was later revised and resubmitted in November 2011. The proposal would provide a Mineral Resource Land (MRL) zoning overlay on top of the current Rural Forestry (RF) zoning. This report was prepared in order to analyze and compare the potential environmental impacts of the proposed mine expansion, as well as two alternatives. The alternatives are expanding a limestone quarry located by Maple Falls, WA by the same 27.5 acres or take no action and prevent further expansion at either location. The potential environmental impacts were analyzed for the natural and built environment according to SEPA. The rocks originated as marine sediment layers that were tectonically shifted into a sloped position. Rock is extracted on the downslope side of the hill. The greatest environmental impact the mine creates is an increase in impervious surfaces. Bedrock is exposed after soils and vegetation are removed in order to access the rocks for extraction, and the ability of water absorption is lessened. Impervious services increase the amount of water runoff and sediment transportation out of the mining area. Due to the location of the mine, sediment is transported via water directly into Smugglers Cove leading to increased water turbidity and less light infiltration. Geologic stability is also lessened because of the mining activities when water does infiltrate between the rock layers or during seismic events. Expanding mining operations on Lummi Island
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