MAY 2021 VOLUME 14 - No 8

GLIDINGlNTERNATIONAL

May 2021ANOTHER JONKER TRIUMPH 1 May 2021 VOLUME 14 - No 8

Editor: John H. Roake

Manager: Janice Armstrong

Correspondents: lNTERNATIONAL Aldo Cernezzi GLIDING Robert (Bob) Downe Joseph King Myles Hynde Arthur Liddington

Gliding International published by: Gliding International Ltd

From Offices At: 79 Fifth Ave, Tauranga, New Zealand Phone +64-7-571-4161

Office email: [email protected]

Editor’s email: [email protected]

The magazine’s web pages can be viewed INDEX at www.glidinginternational.com Introducing the GFW – 4 4 You can subscribe through our web page Squawk 1202 – Compulsory ? 8 Gliding International is published Viewing Thermals Now Possible 9 monthly with the exception of December German Aerospace Centre Update – Hydrogen Power 10 and January Ten issues per annum. Prince Philip (5000 P.I.C. hours) 13 Subscriptions: Bird Strikes - 30 Year Review 14 Printed Version Air Mailed: New feature From Beringer 19 1 Year: $136 ($US82) or equivalent Smithsonian Museum and the Wright Brothers 20 2 Years: $259 ($US165) or equivalent (all prices quoted in NZ Dollars) or Forget Electric Cars For Trailer Towing 24 the equivalent in your currency. Is Gliding Getting too Expensive? 26 Digital Version emailed: Coldest Day Ever Recorded 28 1 Year $86 ($US56) or equivalent Electricity, Winds and Climate Change 29 2 Years $163 ($US106) or equivalent Covid 19 Afflicted Pilots 30 (all prices quoted in NZ Dollars) or the equivalent in your currency. Free Bonus Issue DVD 31 Personal cheques acceptable. Club Week-end Accommodation 33 Jonker JS2 Test Report 34 New subscriptions can be originated through the magazine’s secure web site New Moin Camera (for Glider Pilots) 36 by using a Visa or MasterCard credit Battery Research from Sweden 37 card at: www.glidinginternational.com Gliding And Cannabis Study 38 Advertising: International News for Glider Pilots 39 Contact the magazine’s advertising Things With Wings 46 department by email at: [email protected]

Cover: Spectacular Finish from the pilot of the Jonker JS2 Test Flight (See page 34)

2 Gliding International May 2021 3 Introducing the GFW - 4

The idea for this concept first surfaced in 1961

ARTHUR LIDDINGTON

ou can be excused for believing that the first power construction (TH Dresden - Technical High School Dresden) Ysource for a glider was the petrol engine mounted on involving the efficiency of motor glider propulsion. a pylon and which rested inside the fuselage when not required. But you are wrong! By my calculation, one of the As a student, he was involved in the construction of the first motor gliders of our generation was the forerunner of Miniature glider, the Weber-Wagner WW-1, that has a the GFW-4, an ultra-light motor glider in the 120 kilogram laminar profile as well a continuously adjustable flap. He class. also worked in the AKUS plastic glider working group a TH Dresden in 1969. This was followed by a doctorate in There were two not dissimilar designs prior to GFW-4 reinforced fibreglass plastics that led to working on the but those predecessors captured little imagination. The DOWA 81 (1979 to 1981) the one-way escape aircraft. The unusual propeller arrangement was not new although now company went into receivership and the DOWA 81 is now described as being extremely rare. Those two precursors in the German Museum Flugwerft at OberschleiBheim. were the C 10 of the aeronautical working group Chemnitz and the WK-1 by Werner Kuttner. While studying, a lecturer showed the student Wagner a picture of the C 10 from Chemnitz. That was the first The GFW first saw the light of day in 1961, but that design acquaintance with the extraordinary configuration of the has seen numerous updated changes, i.e. when Gerhard circulating mounted propeller ring unit. Gerhard asked through a steel pipe to the tail support. It worked! The In 1983, during the presentation of the WK-1 at the F. Wagner from Kaiserslautern, Germany flew into town Wagner to join him in a study/thesis evaluation of all two propeller blades, and the centrifugal force generated Paris Aerosalon, Kuttner, an experienced metal aircraft to show off his version - an ultra-light motor glider in the currently flying motor glider configurations involved provided speeds higher than ever anticipated. With this construction manufacturer was looking for a possible 120 kg class with a three-blade folding propeller built into aerodynamics, beauty as well as weight and statistics. success, Hans Wunscher achieved one interesting solution partner company for a series production run. The creation the fuselage - mid-way between the cockpit and the tail. The research clearly came out in favour of the fuselage to the motor glider problem, the one that interferes with of a driving forward unit, the heart of the WK-1, wanted the The uneducated describe it as a “propeller ring on the tail mounted ring propellor. So at this stage, the propeller ring gliding. How to avoid air resistance generated by the designer position reserved for Wagner who would make boom”. had proved itself to be the best solution at that time. stationary propeller. The Second World War allowed for the maiden flight of the WK-1 in Paderborn-Lippstadt on little or no sport gliding of any consequence in Germany. July 13, 1984. As confidence grew, Gerhard Wagner became the first to Quick to take advantage of the work to date, Hans There were still two C 10’s, in Chemnitz built and used have an electric motor as his power source, replacing his Wunscher and Karl Fritsch from the aeronautical working by several pilots. The core of their two-seater, the WK- In 2017 Werner Kuttner worked on one Airplane family earlier internal combustion engine. group at Chemnitz joined up with Weber and Wagner. The 1, the prototype, was the drive unit with its two-cylinder with different structures. Different one and two seaters peculiarity of the single-seater and the Umlauf Propeller motorcycle engine (BMW R 90 / S) with cooling air on the Wasserkuppe. GFW-4 by Gerhard F. Wagner. Before Dr.-lng. Gerhard Wagner is by profession a structural tail unit, was completely new to those joining the group. blower in the gear box, in a reduction gear and the power Gerhard Wagner started building the GFW-4, he created engineer, but aircraft construction is his prime (devoted) The two-bladed propeller had eight fan belts and was transmission from motor to propeller ring via the toothed with the GFW-3. GFK-CFK construction is an ultra-light sideline. As early as 1961, the then student Gerhard powered by a two-cylinder two-stroke Kroeber M4 boxer belt. one. In 2011 this glider won the Oskar Ursinus Prize of F. Wagner was working at the lnstitute for Aircraft engine. The propeller hub of the folding propeller led

4 Gliding International May 2021 5 Cockpit Fuel Tank Motor Belt Drive Flight testing of the GFW-4 started Propellor on April 23, 2019 and the glider self launched to 400 metres. By June 16 of that year regular self launches were reaching 700 metres and only using half Not New! of the total power available.

The cooling of the electric motor with • Assembly Axle & Belt Drive the current pulse circulation turned out Separation Point Cooling Air to be adequate. The temperature of the Flow converter is also not critical. Concept Wheel Cooling Air Hood First After accumulating six hours of testing, the designer and builder decided it was Considered the OUV. That little one-seater later served as the basis time for me to fly “his baby.” for the GFW-4, whose construction began in 2013. Both In planes originated in a rather tightly dimensioned domestic It was quite exciting for me. I strapped myself in and 1961 basement. mentally prepared for this exciting addition to my gliding experience. His goal before starting work on the GFW-4 was a self- launching sailing Werner Kuffner’s WK-1 with an extended l quickly rose to 300 metres, and entered my first thermal. • rear edge rotary brake flap and a three-bladed folding I circled at 60 kilometres per hour at an incline of 30 to 40 propeller with which he could both develop his ideas in degrees. I increased verage speed kph. At a slower climb, design and method of construction. the GFW-4 was pleasantly thermally sensitive. L/D 34 suited me fine! The testing of the all new electric power source and its performance for a self launch to 600 metres was an Flight behaviour is stable. After a two hour flight, I am exhilarating reward for their persistent research. The 600 ready to make my first GFW-4 landing but conscience of metre goal was high enough for the developers. the fact that the deep position of the tail wheel needed Above: The Werner Kuffner’s WK-1 is regarded considerable respect. No problems! My approach stabilised as the first “ring propeller” experiment followed by GFW-3 and the GFW-4 The GFW-4 has a two-part negative hull made of plywood, at a comfortable 65 kph, the air brakes adequate and foam, GRP and CFRP. The structure came into being below effective, and my beautiful flight came to an end. their total maximum design weight. Air brake construction for weight reasons was a CFRP feature. Predominantly In 2019 the OUV honoured Gerhard Wagners Services for carbon fibre in lieu of glassfibre provided a weight the self creation/construction of an aircraft just like his saving of over 20 kilograms, weight sorely needed for the award for his GFW-3. electric motor and the folding propeller. The wing profile recommended was sourced from Prof. Boermans at the The GFW-4 has received the Oskar Ursinus Prize which is Dutch Delft University. The hydrofoil surfaces were created rightly considered to be an exceptial innovative electric (> Right)which had the “ring propeller in CFRP laminate foam sandwich construction. The front motor glider in the 120 kilogram class (designated a light much nearer the tail of the sailplane part of the fuselage was constructively “slimmed down” Luftsportgerat). without any significant loss of security.

The GFW-4 has a rescue parachute system. Gerhard used the proven GFW-3 Wagner “Sheared Wingtips” - beneficial for a stable circling flight and exceptional slow flight characteristics. The tail unit is also a sandwich shell This homebuilt aircraft was designed and built to enable a family of five to construction made of plywood, foam insert and GRP. A escape from East to West Germany in 1981, but has never flown. The family steerable tail wheel has been built into the extended down tail-fin. The canopy of the GFW-4 is attached via hinges were arrested the day before their planned escape. They were charged with and is opened to the side. But to some up, the GFW-4 is 'preparing an illegal border crossing in a heavy case', convicted and imprisoned an innovative ultra-light motor glider in the 120 kilogram for one year. They were then deported to the Federal Republic of Germany. class. To keep construction a secret, the builder used only non aviation-grade The Flytec HPD 10 from Geiger Engineering (Switzerland) materials and generally available components. Power was provided by two is a similar motor glider but with a 10 kW electric motor East German MZ motorcycle engines. and a similar propeller arrangement, but located in the rear third of the fuselage. Technical Data GFW-4 checked in at 107.2 kilograms when weighed. So this lightweight is construction at its best. A battery pack is used as the accumulator (weighs 16 kilograms Builder Dr. Gerhard Wagner, Kaiserslautern and provides six minutes of power, using about one kWh.) Year 1981 Wing span 9 m Three kW of power is enough for 30 minutes of engine Gross weight 580 kg Speed appx 200 km/h running time. Engine 2 x MZ-ES-250/2 Power 28 kW

EARLY DESIGN WORK (1981) BY DR GERARD WAGNER

6 Gliding International May 2021 7 Microsoft Building $22 Billion Worth AOPA Want Glider Pilots To Squawk 1202 On Every VFR Operation ...... Of AR Headsets For The US Army

AOPA Since 1939, AOPA has protected the freedom to fly for thousands of pilots, aircraft owners and aviation enthusiasts. AOPA is the world’s largest member aviation association. With representatives based in Frederick, Md., Washington, D.C., and seven regions across the United States, AOPA provides member services that range from advocacy at the federal, state, and local levels to legal services, flight planning products, safety programs and award-winning media products. BRINGING GLIDER PILOTS UP TO DATE - ALREADY FIELD TESTED AND IT IS ALL GO!

To learn more, visit www.aopa.org. Photo: US Airforce, Gliding Division, March 25, 2021 icrosoft has won a 10-year contract to build advanced augmented reality systems for the US Army. A new production contract Mfor the Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) will net the company up to US$21.88 billion over 10 years. This project follows on from a US$480 million prototyping phase starting in 2018, in which Microsoft AR engineers worked in the field with soldiers to develop and test AR headsets designed to give armed forces members next-level situational awareness, even more like a lethal video game than ever before. The best glimpse we’ve had of the system thus far comes from an ABC News video from December 2020, showing these ruggedised headsets in action. Microsoft HoloLens technology is built into a lightweight, if chunky he Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association has submitted a system that attaches to a soldier’s helmet. A large set of goggles places AR lenses over the users eyes, with a range of cameras and Tproposal to the FAA (on March 24, 2021), requesting that sensors across the top, and a cord connecting down to a chest-mounted control unit that’s simple enough to operate that it can be beacon code 1202 become a world-wide standard for pilots done without looking. During the prototyping phase, a number of capabilities were tested and tweaked. Soldiers were able to bring flying gliders VFR to use regardless of whether they are in AIRCRAFT OWNERS AND PILOTS ASSOCIATION A NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION up a 3D map overlay of the terrain ahead of them, with key objective points highlighted, and location data, navigation prompts contact with air traffic control. (Photo above: A U.S. Air Force and mission parameters clearly visible. They can also see the locations and movements of their team for co-ordinated actions, and glider pilot prepares to compete in the U.S. National Aerobatic highlight enemy targets for other team members. Night vision and thermal vision are built in poviding a huge advantage in dark or Championships. Photo by Jim Moore). The Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association is a Frederick, Maryland-based American non-profit political smoky situations. Special AR cameras mounted in various ways can give a picture-in-picture style overlay; one stuck on the end of organisation that advocates for general aviation. a rifle allows soldiers to look around corners just by pointing the barrel of the gun around, potentially even letting them target and Currently, the 1202 code is assigned to VFR glider operations shoot from behind cover. Others mounted on the exterior of vehicles could give armored vehicle drivers and gunners unimpeded that are not in contact with ATC to differentiate them from 360-degree vision. VFR traffic squawking 1200 because of the different nature of The organisation started at Wings Field in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, on 24 April 1932. the operations. With data being processed through Microsoft’s Azure cloud services (at least in the prototypes, the cloud computing contract has Headquarters location: Frederick, Maryland, United States not yet been awarded for the production phase), command officers will be able to view and direct the locations and actions of their While powered “VFR aircraft typically fly in straight, predictable teams in incredible ways, from first-person vision to 3D map overlays, allowing extraordinary tactical advantages thanks to real- path[s], gliders often make abrupt changes in direction and/ time multi-angle views. It’s pretty incredible stuff, and soldiers new to the equipment understandably find this massive information or altitude,” AOPA explained. “This makes it very important onslaught overwhelming to begin with. But after extensive training, one soldier interviewed by the ABC said it eventually becomes for ATC to be able to differentiate gliders from other aircraft.” President & CEO: Mark Baker (since 2013) Founder: P.T. Sharples “second nature,” resulting in the kind of unfair advantage you’d expect a 2020s-era super-soldier to possess. Chairman of the Board: Bill Trimble The FAA published an order in 2015 for VFR aircraft to As well as delivering an advantage to the US Military machine, which reportedly cost US$934 billion to run this year alone, this is squawk 1200 regardless of whether they were talking to ATC an extremely significant deal as far as the consumer sector is concerned because it gives Microsoft’s HoloLens system a 22 billion (previously, it was just for aircraft not in contact with ATC), To chat with the AOPA online during office hours (just click the Chat Live button with AOPA button on their web site). dollar shot in the arm. Elements of this military technology will certainly have relevance to future consumer offerings, and the and AOPA said the same should be extended to VFR glider ability to produce this gear at military-grade standards and huge volumes with mil-tech budgets and a giant beta testing team at flights using the 1202 code. Memberhsip Fee (Regular) $79.00 p.a. the company’s disposal will give Microsoft a formidable advantage in the AR space moving forward. This change would help ATC better identify gliders flying near Membership numbers ~380,00 Decreasing ~ 7% per annum in recent years Hey GUYS! It looks like there is a big change coming to themalling in the not too distant future. (And 5G is going to be a big part busy airspace and landing at towered airports, increasing of this scene). This announcement implies three price tiers for AR headsets. Consumer = $3,500. Military = ~$100k+ range. Pentagon safety in the airspace system. It would also allow glider pilots HoloLenses will include more expensive and sophisticated sensors, such as thermal cameras. This contract’s size should drive down the to operate using one code rather than having to change codes price points of consumer and commercial AR hardware. Microsoft is quickly becoming a big US military supplier. Some manufacturer in flight, which can be difficult to do on a compact transponder employees have objected to Microsoft’s military sales, writing that they “did not sign up to develop weapons.” In response, CEO Satya and in a cramped cockpit. Nadella says: “We made a principled decision that we’re not going to withhold technology from institutions that we have elected in democracies to protect the freedoms we enjoy.”

8 Gliding International May 2021 9 n economy without greenhouse gas sustainable and climate neutral, as it is produced from water and DECARBONISING INDUSTRY – REDUCING Aemissions by 2050 – this is Europe’s energy from renewable sources such as solar and wind power. CARBON EMISSIONS, COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE declared 30-year goal for halting climate change. Renewable energies are expected DLR PRESS RELEASE, 12 APRIL 2021 Climate protection and environmentally-friendly production are to replace fossil fuels such as oil, coal and DLR AT THE DIGITAL HANNOVER MESSE 2021 now competitive metrics for companies and are driving change. gas. Hydrogen will play an important role DLR is engaged in a wide variety of projects in this field. Primary in the sustainable transformation of the Green hydrogen for the energy and transport systems of the research topics include the energy- and resource-efficient energy supply system. future, environmentally friendly upgrades for industrial processes design of industrial processes, the role of alternative fuels and and innovative climate protection technologies – the German the sustainable supply of factories and production centres with Hydrogen is a highly versatile energy Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt; heat and power generated using renewable sources. DLR’s large source with immense potential for DLR) will be providing an exciting insight into its current research research facilities allow the development and testing of new synergies because it can be used across at the digital Hannover Messe 2021. The focus of DLR’s online technologies under real conditions and are also available to sector boundaries – in clean mobility, exhibition stand will be on highlighting ideas and projects from external researchers and industrial partners. They include the for the efficient supply of electricity and scientific research and technology transfer. The content will solar power tower developed at DLR, where 500 adjustable mirrors heating, as an energy storage medium to remain available beyond the duration of the trade fair (12–16 April focus the Sun’s rays to heat ceramic particles. These particles German Aerospace Centre (DLR) offset fluctuating supplies from renewable 2021). store heat and can be used as an environmentally-friendly energy Formed 1969 (52 years ago) sources, and as a basis for alternative fuels source for various industrial applications. This process will soon Formed 1969 (52 years ago) or as a process gas in industry. Sustainably DLR AND HYDROGEN – EXPERTISE be used as part of a pilot project in Italy to reduce the emissions Headquarters Cologne (Köln), Germany and economically produced hydrogen is THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS CHAIN caused by pasta production – a successful example of how DLR’s Employees 8,127 at 20 locations in Germany therefore a key element in greatly reducing low-carbon technologies are being applied in practice. Annual budget €3.816 billion emissions – especially of the harmful Green hydrogen offers diverse benefits for the energy and transport Website www.dlr.de greenhouse gas carbon dioxide – in the transitions. It can be used for clean mobility, the efficient supply CONTINUED EXPANSION – THREE NEW energy, transport and industrial sectors of heat and power, as a store for balancing fluctuating energy ENERGY-RELATED INSTITUTES AT DLR The German Aerospace Centre (German: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., and thus in combating climate change. supplies from renewable sources, as a basis for alternative fuels literally German Centre for Air and Space-flight), abbreviated DLR, is the national centre At the same time, the establishment of and as an industrial process gas. “At DLR we look at the entire With the establishment of three new institutes, DLR is intensifying for aerospace, energy and transportation research of Germany. DLR headquarters are in a cross-sectoral and, if possible, global hydrogen process chain and combine expertise and experience its activities to further reduce the carbon emissions of the energy, Cologne with multiple other locations throughout Germany. The DLR is engaged in a wide hydrogen economy is opening up enormous from aeronautics, space, energy and transport research,” says mobility and industrial sectors. range of research and development projects in national and international partnerships. In opportunities for new technologies and Professor Karsten Lemmer, Member of the DLR Executive Board addition to conducting its own research projects. DLR also acts as the German space agency. business models. responsible for Innovation, Technology Transfer and Research At the Institute of Low-Carbon Industrial Processes, research is In today’s capacity as project management agency, it manages €1.279 billion in research on Infrastructure. “Our focus is on developing technologies for being conducted into how large, energy-intensive industrial sectors behalf of German federal ministries. DLR is active in all areas of hydrogen innovative energy systems. We aim to provide sustainable, reliable such as steel, aluminium, cement and chemical manufacturing can research and along the entire process and affordable energy in a wide variety of forms.” be redesigned to generate significantly lower harmful emissions. In the context of DLR’s initiatives to promote young research talent, ten DLR School Labs chain – from production to storage and use. High-temperature heat pumps will play a key role in this. They have been set up within Germany. The modern DLR was created in 1997, a culmination of With the experience gained over several Experts at DLR collaborate with industrial partners and advise are a large-scale technological option for power-heat coupling in over half a dozen space, aerospace, and research institutes from across the 20th century. decades, its researchers are working to political decision makers. Decisions made by companies and industry. The oldest predecessor organisation of DLR was established by Ludwig Prandtl in Göttingen make it widely usable. DLR’s scientists can policy-makers regarding energy have far-reaching and long- in 1907. His German aviation technology research facility, the 1935-founded, top-secret draw upon several decades of experience lasting consequences. Therefore, a central component of DLR’s At the Institute of Maritime Energy Systems, researchers are Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt at Völkenrode conducted research – much of it for military in working to exploit its potential. In order research is proactive and comprehensive systems analysis. DLR developing and testing innovative and efficient energy systems aviation to suit the Luftwaffe’s needs – in parallel to the then-existing forerunners of the to produce hydrogen sustainably and researchers are working on enhanced electrolysis processes for for shipping and the infrastructure required for their operation. In DLR of today. It was not discovered by the Allies until after the war’s end. economically on a large industrial scale in the industrial production of hydrogen and on innovative processes doing so, alternative fuels are being used in combination with fuel the near future, DLR is researching two main for generating solar power. At the same time, they are determining cells and battery systems. What was later called the DLR was formed in 1969 as the Deutsche Forschungs- und methods – electrolysis and solar-thermal the most efficient solutions for storing and transporting hydrogen. Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DFVLR; “German Test and Research Institute for processes. DLR is also investigating how Research at DLR on the use of hydrogen in the energy sector, The primary focus of the Institute of Future Fuels is on the Aviation and Space Flight”). In 1989, the DFVLR was renamed Deutsche Forschungsanstalt hydrogen can be stored as efficiently and industry, for mobility in road, rail, sea and air transport and for development of technological concepts for the production of für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). The shorter translation “German Aerospace Centre” is used in safely as possible and transported over long spaceflight is closely linked. DLR’s online exhibition stand will sustainable fuels using concentrated solar radiation. In the future, English-language publications. distances. DLR is developing both special provide a cinematic insight to this world. such fuels will primarily be produced on a large scale in Earth’s fuel cells and new types of hydrogen tanks sunbelt regions and traded globally. To this end, the Institute is DLR’s mission comprises the exploration of the Earth and the solar system, protecting the for mobile use, and is integrating them into working closely with industrial partners on the development of the environment and developing environmentally compatible technologies, and at promoting the relevant systems, be they cars, buses, necessary materials, components and processes. mobility, communication and covers the four focus areas Aeronautics, Space, Transportation trucks, cargo bicycles, trains, aircraft or ships. Together with turbine and power Right: The expansive and Energy ranges from basic research to innovative applications. DLR operates large-scale plant manufacturers, DLR is conducting DLR hydrogen plant in research centres, both for the benefit of its own projects and as a service for its clients and research in the fields of fuel flexibility and Cologne, Germany partners from the worlds of business and science. See following page - D.L.R.’s design concepts for ensuring that mixtures priorities for this year, 2021. of natural gas and hydrogen burn as stably The objective of DLR’s aeronautics research is to strengthen the competitive advantage of and with as few pollutant emissions as the national and European aeronautical industry and aviation sector, and to meet political possible. and social demands. Existing projects: Mars Express, global navigation satellite system Galileo, and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, and the Institute of Space Systems (German: OVERVIEW OF HYDROGEN Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme). There are 80 scientists and engineers on staff. RESEARCH AT DLR High on their current project list is hydrogen as a power source for aircraft which will have DLR is examining the potential of green a rub-off on motor-gliders, a project with inherent risks due to the instability of hydrogen. hydrogen as a source of energy for a There is however one and one only hydrogen-powered motor glider in existence outside of climate-neutral energy system in a two- D.L.R’s sphere of research, so Gliding International is keen to keep in touch with the DLR part study. The first part is considering scene on this subject. With the resources DLR has and the expansive intellectual range of the technologies and prospects for a their researchers, it is our opinion they have a lot to offer our sport in the longer term. As sustainable and cost-effective hydrogen Germany is “the father of gliding” they also have the motivation to make hydrogen power supply. The second focuses on the issue cells part and parcel of our soaring world. of sector coupling. Green hydrogen is

10 Gliding International May 2021 11 eantime, Germany is not alone in believing that Hydrogen is the answer to an alternative power source for light and passenger Maircraft. The Americans are deeply involved too but it is difficult to resolve who is leading the field. On a world wide basis, over $US300 billion is commited to research and advancing Hyrdrogen power cells for a very large variety of uses. Production of electricity Prince Philip is primarily on top of that list. But as we have repeated several times, Hydrogen is an unstable power commodity and it is going to be several years out before it is universably accepted as the alternative to coal and fossil fuels. Nevertheless, it is a clean carbon-less fuel that will ultimately be a saviour to the world’s climate problems. Duke of Edinburgh While reports have noted hydrogen eyed as a fossil fuel replacement as far back as Jules Verne’s 1875 novel “The Mysterious Island,” with costs high and changemaking slow, it never captured the market many hoped for. With economies hit by COVID-19 eyeing a catalyst for recovery—plus an energy marketplace that is shifting from carbon-emitting fuels to renewable sources—prospects 1921 - 2021 are ramping up for green hydrogen use in power generation and other critical arenas. “In the past 12 months, we’ve seen the world embrace decarbonisation in a dramatic way, and we’re going through a rapid period of change,” says Paul Browning, CEO of Mitsubishi Power Americas. Almost all current hydrogen is fossil fuel-based—the by-product of coal gasification, dubbed “brown hydrogen,” and a larger supply produced from methane in natural gas, called “grey,” both generating carbon dioxide emissions. Growing use of carbon- capture and storage technology has pushed more blue hydrogen with lower emissions, but not enough to meet greenhouse gas reduction goals established by the Paris climate agreement. Only by electrolysing hydrogen from water using electricity generated from renewable sources can the fuel be made entirely green.

The International Energy Agency tracks about 320 green hydrogen production demonstration projects that have been announced worldwide—a total of about 200 MW of electrolyser capacity—with new projects added almost weekly. Research firm Frost & Sullivan said in February that annual green hydrogen production will rise by 57% between 2019 and 2030, to 5.7 million tons from 40,000 tons. “Could world-scale hydrogen production facilities become a reality, and help drive hydrogen as a game changer in energy markets?” asks Curt Graham, Fluor Corp. technology lead for its energy solutions group. “Yes, but it is still a little early to know which path the energy transition will take.”

S&P Global says the cost of producing green hydrogen from renewables needs to fall more than 50%, to $2.00-$2.50/kg by 2030, to make it a viable alternative to conventional fuels. Norwegian energy market analyst Rystad said in an analysis that green hydrogen from offshore wind would be about four times more expensive than grey hydrogen and “not economically” viable at the current cost scheme, although it points to falling costs for both wind energy and electrolysers. Infrastructure to burn and transport the fuel also need scaling up and improvement, with hydrogen tending to be corrosive in steel pipelinest. Historically there may have been hype around the hydrogen economy, but this is not currently the case, there are significant hurdles to cross. But the focus, the opportunity and the industrial/political drive for this appear to be emerging.

Mott MacDonald was selected to determine feasibility of the recently announced NortH2 project in Holland, which is set to produce 1 million tons per year of green hydrogen from offshore wind to generate 10 GW of power for heavy industry when fully completed in 2040. The venture is backed by energy giants Shell, Equinor, RWE and natural gas firm Gasunie, which supplies Germany and Holland. A feasibility study is set for completion this northern summer. As such, client interest is growing. For the past six months to a year, the interest has been extremely high, says Justin Schnegelberger, energy group manager of development engineering at Burns & McDonnell. Brian McCarthy, a vice president at engineer Wood, says the firm is fielding client queries on blue hydrogen strategies as well, noting that owners must “find uses or appropriate storage of CO2, which isn’t a trivial challenge itself and will be driven by regional nuances.” Government actions related to carbon reduction will further accelerate needed action. About 30 countries had national hydrogen strategies in place by early 2021, pledging some $70 billion in support projects.

PROJECTS SCALE UP It is surpising how many nations are declaring that they plan on establishing a hydrogen plant to replace their nuclear and/or coal rince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark) was a member of the British royal family as the husband of fired generators. Most announcing that their capital involvement will be in the order of billions not millions of dollars. There is almost PElizabeth II. Philip was born into the Greek and Danish royal families but his family was exiled from the country when he was eighteen an equal numbeer of smaller organisations that are spending big money in developing hydrogen motors for commence and aviation. months old. The car industry is well into that scene already, some active, but success and universal supply has a long way yet to go. The smaller the motor, the greater the need for continual and successful research. In the end the small hydrogen electric power generator (motor) After being educated in France, Germany and the United Kingdom, he joined the British Royal Navy in 1939, aged 18. From July 1939, he will involve a capital investment, the equal of hydrogen/electric generators. But that is 25 years away by guestermation at this stage. began corresponding with the thirteen-year-old Princess Elizabeth, whom he had first met in 1934. During the Second World War he served with distinction in the Mediterranean and Pacific Fleets. Prince Philip, (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark and consort/husband of More oil and gas sector firms are embracing clean hydrogen ventures while coming to terms with the changing marketplace, and aiming to profit from it, say some market observers. Queen Elizabeth II,) died at Windsor Castle (United Kingdom) on April 9, 2021.

Trade group, the Hydrogen Council sees 228 large-scale projects proposed that would be worth $300 billion in investment through During the Second World War he served with distinction in the Mediterranean and Pacific Fleets. He abandoned his Greek and Danish titles 2030 if all are built. Its outlook, co-authored with management firm McKinsey, includes $80 billion in facilities that are in advanced and styles, became a naturalised British subject, and adopted his maternal grandparents’ surname Mountbatten. He married Elizabeth on planning, with a final investment decision, or are under construction or commissioned. The consortium, which began in 2017 with 11 20.11.1947. members, now has about 109 energy sector and industrial players with combined revenue of $22 trillion, it says. They include Air Liquide, BMW, BP, Chevron, Microsoft, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Shell, Total and Petronas. Black & Veatch joined in January “to be It is not commonly known that Prince Pilip was the patron of the British Gliding Association, a role he enjoyed for over 60 years and just in the discussion as it brings solutions to the market,” says Jim Doull, executive vice president. one of the 780 public roles (patron, president, chairman) he enjoyed during his life time. Philip left active military service when Elizabeth became queen in 1952, having reached the rank of commander, and was made a British prince in 1957. Philip had four children with Elizabeth: While Canada issued a strategy at the end of 2020 that targets by 2050 hydrogen delivering up to 30% of Canada’s end-use energy, Charles, Prince of Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex. “we wait for further detail on the U.S. administration’s energy plan and if we will see a similar policy focus,” says Wood’s McCarthy. Prince Philip was devoted to aviation and his log books recorded over 5000 pilot in command hours. He served as chairman of The Duke of RAMPING UP US HYDROGEN USE Hydrogen and fuel cells are among the technologies emphasised in President Joe Biden’s January 20 directive to tie climate change Edinburgh’s Award, a self-improvement program for young people aged 14 to 24. He was the longest-serving consort of a reigning British to economic growth. “By connecting management of climate risk with economy development and job creation, support for hydrogen monarch and the longest-lived male member of the British royal family. He retired from his royal duties on August 2, 2017, aged 96, having development appears to be strong,” says Mott MacDonald’s Critten. Observers say the administration has offered few strategy completed 22,219 solo engagements and 5,493 speeches since 1952. Philip died two months before his 100th birthday. specifics, but Energy Secretary-designate Jennifer Granholm noted in her Jan. 28 confirmation hearing potential links between the agency and the energy industry in scaling up blue hydrogen technology in such areas as LNG exports. Morry Markowitz, president of During his involvement with gliding, he saw the British Gliding Assiociation membership climb to above 9,000 and increasing. He often the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association, last month pointed to Biden’s “bully pulpit” to help propel the sector. The coalition of 20 expressed the opinon that “he was well aware that gliding in the United Kingdom was an equal and responsible aviation and airspace major hydrogen, oil, gas, power, automotive and fuel cell companies issued a 96-page “road map” earlier this year. “It’s transformational stakeholder with maximum autonomy and minimum external regulatory involvement”. The B.G.A. was formed on March 27, 1930 and now over the next five to 20 years,” he says. “It takes time, but we will get there.” involves 2100 gliders, 1100 instructors, and ~230,000 flights pa, whilst the association records more than 1.5 million kms flown each year.

12 Gliding International May 2021 13 THIRTY YEARS OF BIRD STRIKE From a Spanish Glider Pilot - (Private Owner) - RESEARCH REVIEWED -

Detached Tail Due To Bird Strike

Gliders do not travel at the high speeds that make bird strikes so devastating to airliners. However, they are also smaller, lighter and softer, and can still move pretty swiftly. Are they also vulnerable to bird strikes?

What happens when a large bird collides with a glider? ost collisions between general aviation aircraft and birds have airports nationwide.” wildlife struck, time and height of strike, phase of flight, and occurred at 500 feet or less above the ground, although those damage to aircraft components.” M Gliders, as every other aircraft, are susceptible to bird that occur higher are more likely to cause damage, says a new The report also recognises “significant changes” made to the FAA’s strikes. Above is a detached glider’s tail after hitting a 10 report that has studied 30 years of strike data involving aircraft updated advisory circular that provides guidance on land uses that When it comes to bird strikes, the sky apparently is no limit: The kg vulture. and birds or other wildlife. can attract hazardous wildlife to the vicinity of airports, including highest-recorded bird strike by a commercial aircraft occurred at “land-use practices (e.g., aquaculture, agriculture, dredge spoil, etc.), 31,300 feet. The accident was caused when the crew lost control of the The report which summarises all available data offers a headlining inclusion of general aviation (GA) airport wildlife responsibilities For GA aircraft, the top altitude was 24,000 feet—one of seven sailplane following the loss of a part of the tail assembly insight that the number of strikes reported to the FAA “increased and a new section Airport Procedures for Off-site Attractants that strikes that happened above 20,000 feet, six of which caused after the vertical stabiliser on the airplane struck a griffon 9.3-fold from 1,850 in 1990 to a record high of 17,228 in 2019.” provides step-by-step guidance when proposed land-use changes aircraft damage. vulture head-on. may provide an attractant to hazardous species.” The 2019 total also marked an increase of 1,007 strikes, or 6 percent, Researchers at Purdue University believe that adding externally Some countries are more susceptible to this kind of from 2018, with birds involved in 94 percent of the reported strikes, No discussion of conflicts between aircraft and wildlife can be mounted red and blue LED lights to aircraft might one day help accidents than others. In Spain, which has a large bats in 3.2 percent of the incidents, terrestrial mammals involved in complete nowadays without a mention of the “Miracle on the reduce midairs with birds. They found that LED lights in these population of vultures, reports routinely immerge about 2.3 percent, and reptiles in 0.5 percent. Hudson” accident that occurred on January 15, 2009, when US colour spectrums lead some birds in the opposite direction, fatal glider accidents due to bird strikes. Airways Flight 1549, an Airbus 320 with 155 people aboard, according to a study published yesterday. Yes, reptiles: A photo in the report shows a large American alligator executed a forced landing on the Hudson River “after ingesting You are not going fast enough for it to be a problem for resting on a runway at a military airport in Florida—and an hour Canada geese into both engines at 2900 feet above ground level While lights have been used to try to create “avoidance fibreglass and gelcoat unless the bird is quite large, like a passed before anyone could say “See you later” to the ‘gator. after departure from LaGuardia Airport, New York.” behaviour” in birds before, the Purdue researchers came up short large eagle or vulture. According to the report, “From 1990-2019, 27 alligators, 24 green in finding literature to support what kinds of light might work. In iguanas, and 1 spectacled caiman have been struck by civil aircraft” Less known but equally relevant to the report was the “Miracle in collaboration with the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection I encounter birds all the time in my glider. I soar with them in the United States. the Corn Field,” an accident that occurred on August 15, 2019, when Service, the Purdue researchers thus conducted tests to see and if I spot one thermalling, I join him. Ural Airlines Flight 178, an Airbus 321 with 234 aboard, landed in what kind of light could help to shoo birds away from airplanes. For birds, the July-through-October period held the highest a corn field, three miles from Zhukovsky International Airport in A hawk or eagle will pretty much ignore you unless you likelihood of collisions. Twenty-nine percent of all deer strikes Moscow after ingesting gulls into its engines on takeoff. “Incredibly, Researchers used a single-choice test, in which the bird chooses pass within 10 ft. I encountered a large brown soaring bird occurred in October and November. An alligator caused a military none of the 389 people were killed in these ‘bird-strike events even between a light on and off rather than between two colours, said recently, (like a juvenile bald eagle -they don’t get white airport in Florida to shut down a runway for more than an hour. though both aircraft had been damaged beyond repair,” the report Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, a professor of biological sciences at heads until they are several years old), at about 3000 ft in commented. Purdue who led the study. The test, which was repeated with a thermal and passed under it several times, close enough Less intuitive, perhaps, was the determination that arrivals five different wavelengths of light, found that birds consistently to see it looking back and forth to keep track of me. Then produced more encounters than the takeoff-and-departure phase. HERE’S AN UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE avoided LED lights with peaks at 470 and 630 nano metres, he was gone. To them a glider is just another big bird. Seventy-three strikes during the period destroyed the aircraft OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE which appear blue and red to the human eye. Ultraviolet, green, involved, of which 56 percent occurred at GA airports. Forty-six and white light didn’t generate any obvious pattern of avoidance On tow, you have the tug in front making a racket that of the destroyed aircraft, or 63 percent, were light GA aircraft Powered with newer jet engines puts birds at a disadvantage or attraction, researchers said. drives birds away, so that’s not a problem unless the tug including gliders. because birds are less able to detect and avoid the quieter turbofan runs through a flock of gulls or something on departure. engines. Fernandez-Juricic said they will now move to test other bird Commercial and GA aircraft fared differently in certain strike species’ responses to different types of light, as well as modifying Some eagles have been known to dive and attack gliders if scenarios. Despite a 190 percent increase in reported strikes from Human pedestrians take note of a similar peril: The report drew an the test and doing more experiments. you fly under them. Bad news for the bird if it takes on the 2000 to 2019, damaging strikes declined 4 percent. Commercial analogy with “the demonstrated greater ‘strike rate’ for pedestrians leading edge of a sailplane wing. A composite glider can aircraft in the airport environment (described as at or below 1,500 and bicyclists (increases of 35 percent and 57 percent, respectively) Pilots should not take off nor land in the presence of wildlife and be substantially damaged by a bird strike and it happens. feet above ground) had the biggest declines of damaging strikes, with electric vehicles compared to vehicles with internal combustion should avoid migratory routes, wildlife reserves, estuaries and You could have a problem if a large bird hits the horizontal while “damaging strikes have not declined” for GA aircraft, the engines.” other sites where birds may congregate. When operating in the tail or the wing while diving. report said. presence of bird flocks, pilots are in a safer zone above 3,000 The report cited the need for “increased and more detailed strike feet (910 m) as rapidly as possible as most bird strikes occur For me, bird encounters are always the highlight of any During the 30 year period, mitigations have been implemented at reporting,” and recommended that the reported information include, below 3,000 feet (910 m). soaring flight. many airports, “especially beginning in 2000 when the FAA’s manual, as possible, details including “species identification, number of ‘Wildlife Hazard Management at Airports’ was initially available to Additionally, pilots should slow down their aircraft when

14 Gliding International May 2021 15 confronted with birds. The energy that must be dissipated in military airfields. Properly designed and equipped avian radars operational conditions at Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force airfields. the collision is approximately the relative kinetic energy ( E k {\ can track thousands of birds simultaneously in real-time, night and displaystyle E_{k}} E_{k}) of the bird, defined by the equation E day, through 360° of coverage, out to ranges of 10 km and beyond Accipiter avian radar systems operating at Seattle-Tacoma k = 1 2 m v 2 {\display style E_{k}={\frac {1}{2}}mv^{2}} E_{k} = \ for flocks, updating every target’s position (longitude, latitude, International Airport,[52] Chicago O’Hare International Airport, and frac{1}{2} m v^{2} where m {\displaystyle m} m is the mass of the altitude), speed, heading, and size every 2–3 seconds. Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point made significant contributions bird and v {\displaystyle v} v is the relative velocity (the difference to the evaluations carried out in the aforementioned FAA and DoD of the velocities of the bird and the plane, resulting in a lower Data from these systems can be used to generate information initiatives. Additional scientific and technical papers on avian radar absolute value if they are flying in the same direction and higher products ranging from real-time threat alerts to historical analyses systems are listed on the Accipiter Radar web site. absolute value if they are flying in opposite directions). Therefore, of bird activity patterns in both time and space. the speed of the aircraft is much more important than the size of The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the the bird when it comes to reducing energy transfer in a collision. United States Department of Defense (DOD) have conducted The same can be said for jet engines: the slower the rotation of the extensive science-based field testing and validation of commercial engine, the less energy which will be imparted onto the engine at collision. The body density of the bird is also a parameter that influences the amount of damage caused.

The US Military Avian Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) uses near real-time data from the 148 CONUS based National Weather Service Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD or WSR 88-D) system to provide current bird hazard conditions for published military low-level routes, ranges, and military operating WHERE - WHEN DO THEY HAPPEN? areas (MOAs). Additionally, AHAS incorporates weather forecast data with the Bird Avoidance Model (BAM) to predict soaring bird activity within A US company, DeTect, in 2003, developed the only production the next 24 hours and then defaults model bird radar in operational use for real-time, tactical bird- to the BAM for planning purposes aircraft strike avoidance by air traffic controllers. when activity is scheduled outside the 24-hour window. These systems are operational at both commercial airports and military airfields. The system has widely used technology available The BAM is a static historical hazard for bird–aircraft strike hazard (BASH) management and for real- model based on many years of bird time detection, tracking and alerting of hazardous bird activity distribution data from Christmas Bird at commercial airports, military airfields, and military training and Counts (CBC), Breeding Bird Surveys bombing ranges. (BBS), and National Wildlife Refuge Data. The BAM also incorporates After extensive evaluation and on-site testing, MERLIN technology potentially hazardous bird attractions was chosen by NASA and was ultimately used for detecting and such as landfills and golf courses. tracking dangerous vulture activity during the 22 space shuttle AHAS is now an integral part of launches from 2006 to the conclusion of the program in 2011. The military low-level mission planning, US Air Force has contracted DeTect since 2003 to provide the Avian aircrew being able to access the Hazard Advisory System (AHAS) previously mentioned. current bird hazard conditions at www.usahas.com. TNO, a Dutch R&D Institute, has developed the successful ROBIN (Radar Observation of Bird Intensity) for the Royal Netherlands AHAS will provide relative risk Airforce. ROBIN is a near real-time monitoring system for flight assessments for the planned mission movements of birds. ROBIN identifies flocks of birds within the and give aircrew the opportunity to signals of large radar systems. This information is used to give Air select a less hazardous route should Force pilots warning during landing and take-off. the planned route be rated severe or moderate. Prior to 2003, the US Air Years of observation of bird migration with ROBIN have also Force BASH Team bird strike database During the 1911 Paris to Madrid air race, French pilot Eugene Gilbert encountered an angry mother eagle provided a better insight into bird migration behaviour, which has indicated that approximately 25% of over the Pyrenees. Gilbert, flying an open-cockpit Bleriot XI, was able to ward off the large bird by firing had an influence on averting collisions with birds, and therefore on all strikes were associated with low- pistol shots at it but did not kill it. flight safety. Since the implementation of the ROBIN system at the level routes and bombing ranges. Royal Netherlands Airforce, the number of collisions between birds avian radar systems for civil and military applications, respectively. and aircraft in the vicinity of military air bases has decreased by More importantly, these strikes accounted for more than 50% of more than 50%. all of the reported damage costs. After a decade of using AHAS The FAA used evaluations of commercial 3D avian radar systems for avoiding routes with severe ratings, the strike percentage developed and marketed by Accipiter Radar as the basis for FAA There are no civil aviation counterparts to the above military associated with low-level flight operations has been reduced to Advisory Circular 150/5220-25 and a guidance letter on using strategies. Some experimentation with small portable radar units 12% and associated costs cut in half. Airport Improvement Program funds to acquire avian radar systems has taken place at some airports. However, no standard has at Part 139 airports. Similarly, the DOD-sponsored Integration and been adopted for radar warning nor has any governmental policy Avian radar is an important tool for aiding in bird strike mitigation Validation of Avian Radars (IVAR) project evaluated the functional regarding warnings been implemented. as part of overall safety management systems at civilian and and performance characteristics of Accipiter avian radars under

16 Gliding International May 2021 17 HISTORY OF INCIDENTS pioneer Cal Rodgers collided with a gull which became jammed in his aircraft control cables. He crashed at Long Beach, California, • Eugene Gilbert in Bleriot XI attacked by eagle over Pyrenees in was pinned under the wreckage, and drowned. No Surprises Here! 1911 • A Fw 190D-9 of 10./JG 54 Grünherz, pilot (Leutnant Theo Nibel), The greatest loss of life directly linked to a bird strike was on downed by a partridge which flew into the nose radiator near October 4, 1960, when a Lockheed L-188 Electra, flying from Boston There Is Always Something New! Brussels on 1 January 1945 as Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, flew through a flock of common starlings during take-off, damaging all four engines. The aircraft This time from France and Beringer The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) estimates bird strikes crashed into Boston harbour shortly after takeoff, with 62 fatalities cost US aviation 400 million dollars annually and have resulted in out of 72 passengers. Subsequently, minimum bird ingestion Sensair® Tire Pressure Monitoring System By over 200 worldwide deaths since 1988. In the United Kingdom, the standards for jet engines were developed by the FAA. Central Science Laboratory estimates that worldwide, birdstrikes Beringer Aero cost airlines around US$1.2 billion annually. This includes repair NASA astronaut Theodore Freeman was killed in 1964 when a goose cost and lost revenue while the damaged aircraft is out of service. shattered the plexiglass cockpit canopy of his Northrop T-38 Talon. There were 4,300 bird strikes listed by the United States Air Force Shards were ingested by the engines, leading to a fatal crash. and 5,900 by US civil aircraft in 2003. • The new SensAIR system is connected to a mobile In 1988, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604 sucked pigeons into both app on your smartphone thanks to pressure and The first reported bird strike was by Orville Wright in 1905. engines during takeoff and then crashed, killing 35 passengers. temperature sensors that slide over your BERINGER rim. According to the Wright Brothers’ diaries, “Orville flew 4,751 meters in four minutes 45 seconds, four complete circles. Twice passed In 1995, a Dassault Falcon 20 crashed at a Paris airport during an over the fence into Beard’s cornfield. Chased flock of birds for two emergency landing attempt after sucking lapwings into an engine, rounds and killed one which fell on top of the upper surface and which caused an engine failure and a fire in the airplane’s fuselage; • Sensors are normally switched off to save the battery after a time fell off when swinging a sharp curve.” all 10 people on board were killed. (2 to 3 years lifetime) and are activated when the During the 1911 Paris to Madrid air race, French pilot Eugene Gilbert On September 22, 1995, a U.S. Air Force Boeing E-3 Sentry AWACS smartphone is detected within a 10m/3ft radius. encountered an angry mother eagle over the Pyrenees. Gilbert, aircraft (Call sign Yukla 27, serial number 77-0354), crashed shortly flying an open-cockpit Bleriot XI, was able to ward off after takeoff from Elmendorf AFB. The aircraft lost power in both the large bird by firing pistol shots at it but port side engines after these engines ingested several Canada • SensAIR communicates data to the app with a did not kill it. geese during takeoff. It crashed about two miles (3.2 km) from the runway, killing all 24 crew members on board. single code per wheel so there is no risk to measure The first recorded bird strike the data of another tire in the hangar... fatality was On March 30, 1999, during the inaugural run of the hypercoaster reported Apollo’s Chariot in Virginia, passenger Fabio Lanzoni suffered a bird in 1912 strike by a goose and required three stitches to his face. The roller when coaster has a height of over 200 feet and reaches speeds over 70 • Low pressure and temperature levels are set by the user miles per hour.[68] on his smartphone so he can receive a notification.

The Space Shuttle Discovery also hit a bird (a vulture) during the launch of STS-114 on July 26, 2005, although the collision occurred No need to ramp under your plane to check pressure soon after lift-off and at low speed, with no obvious damage to the anymore, thanks to SensAIR you can check your shuttle. pressure before and during each flight! On November 10, 2008, Ryanair Flight 4102 from Frankfurt to Rome made an emergency landing at Ciampino Airport after multiple bird strikes caused both engines to fail. After touchdown, the left main • Les seuils d’alerte de pression basse programmés sur le landing gear collapsed, and the aircraft briefly veered off Smartphone permettent le déclenchement d’une alarme. the runway. Passengers and crew were evacuated through the starboard emergency exits. Plus besoin de démonter les carénages de roue pour vérifier la pression. Grâce à SensAIR, avant chaque vol, vous évitez The US Military Avian Hazard Advisory System le risque de décoller avec des pneus sous-gonflés. (AHAS) uses near real-time data from the 148 CONUS based National Weather Service Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD or WSR 88-D) system to provide • SENSAIR IS AVAILABLE RIGHT NOW FOR current bird hazard conditions for published military low-level 4”,5”,6” AND 8” WHEELS, DON’T HESITATE routes, ranges, and military TO CALL US TO PLACE AN ORDER! operating areas (MOAs).

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18 Gliding International May 2021 19 The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Washington Receives $5 Million Gift From David M. Rubenstein

New Wright Brothers Gallery Anticipated To Open in 2022

he Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum has received $5 million from David M. Rubenstein fact. The gallery will feature artefacts from the brothers’ youth and help visitors to better understand Tin support of the newly redesigned “The Wright Brothers & the Invention of the Aerial Age” what enabled Wilbur and Orville to achieve one of the transformational accomplishments in history. exhibition. The gift will contribute to the safe preservation and display of the 1903 Wright Flyer, one of The exhibition will also provide an effective platform to educate on STEM concepts that are a central the Smithsonian’s iconic artefacts and the centrepiece of the gallery. The redesign of the exhibition is part of the Wright brothers’ story, like problem-solving, engineering and iteration. Through digital and part of the museum’s ongoing transformation of all its galleries in the flagship building in Washington, mechanical interactives, visitors will discover new ways of learning the basic techniques the Wrights D.C., and is scheduled to open in 2022. pioneered and are still used today.

“David’s support demonstrates his continued generosity and commitment to the Smithsonian and “The Wright Flyer represents a pivotal step in the creation of our modern world and humanity’s need to American history,” said Chris Browne, acting director of the National Air and Space Museum. “His gift achieve and explore,” said Peter Jakab, senior curator at the museum. “The Wright brothers and their will help ensure this one-of-a-kind object that represents the heights of American ingenuity is available airplane resonate with how we live today, which makes their story timeless and endlessly fascinating.” to visitors for generations to come.” For more information about how the museum is transforming all of its exhibitions and revitalizing the In the newly redesigned gallery, visitors will experience the Wright Flyer from only a few feet away. In building, visit https://airandspace.si.edu/reimagining-air-and-space. response to audience research that showed many visitors did not realize the aircraft on display was the actual 1903 Flyer and the first plane to fly, new in-gallery interpretation will highlight this unique The National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., is located at Sixth Street and Independence.

20 Gliding International May 2021 21 uilding on a commitment from Congress, the Smithsonian’s BNational Air and Space Museum will raise $250 million from leaders in the aerospace industry and individual donors to dramatically transform exhibitions and renovate the entire museum, inside and out. The project, which will take approximately seven years, will be done on a phased sequencing schedule that will keep many exhibitions open during the construction process. The building will undergo complete refacing of the exterior cladding, replacement of outdated mechanical systems and other repairs and improvements. The visitor experience will also change when all of the museum’s 23 galleries and presentation spaces are updated or completely redone.

Many visitors have not realised that the aircraft on display was the actual 1903 Flyer and the first plane to fly. New in-gallery interpretation highlights this unique fact. The new gallery will feature artifacts from the brothers’ youth and help visitors to better understand what enabled Wilbur and Orville to achieve one of the transformational accomplishments in history.

emorials abound designated to preserving the historical research the Wright Brothers achieved with their aviatiion ORVILLE WRIGHT Mendeavours. And it all started with their building a glider which proved to be the start of aerodynamic controls as Born August 19, 1871 we know them to exist today. The gliding part of their research was a three year project (1900 to 1903) cumulating Dayton, Ohio in flying the first sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft, the first combustion engined aircraft. Died January 30, 1948 (aged 76) Dayton, Ohio From the beginning of their aeronautical work, Wilbur and Orville focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to Cause of death Heart attack Education Three years high school solving “the flying problem”. This approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing Occupation Printer/publisher, powerful engines. Using a small home-built wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data than any before, enabling them to bicycle retailer / manufacturer, airplane design more efficient wings and propellers. inventor / manufacturer, pilot trainer Their first U.S. patent did not claim invention of a flying machine, but rather a system of aerodynamic control that manipulated a flying WILBUR WRIGHT machine’s surfaces. The brothers gained the mechanical skills essential to their success by working for years in their Dayton, Ohio-based Born April 16, 1867 shop with printing presses, bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles, in particular, influenced their belief that an Millville, Indiana unstable vehicle such as a flying machine could be controlled and balanced with practice. Died May 30, 1912 (aged 45) Dayton, Ohio From 1900 until their first powered flights in late 1903, their extensive glider tests developed their skills as pilots. Their shop employee, Cause of death Typhoid fever Education Four years high school Charlie Taylor, became an important part of the team, building their first airplane engine in close collaboration with the brothers. The Wright Occupation Editor, brothers’ status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by various parties. Much controversy persists over the many bicycle retailer / manufacturer, airplane competing claims of early aviators. Edward Roach, historian for the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, argues that they were inventor / manufacturer, pilot trainer excellent self-taught engineers who could run a small company, but they did not have the business skills or temperament to dominate the growing aviation industry.

22 Gliding International May 2021 23 Electric Cars Not Suitable (Yet) for Towing

hey can pull, but they can’t do it for long. A long-range Tesla Model X can tow up to 5000 pounds, and the automaker claims over 7500 Tpounds of towing capacity for its upcoming Cybertruck. Respectable numbers, but here’s the thing—today’s electric cars, regardless of make, just aren’t great for towing. The energy density of electric cars leaves much to be desired. The current state of battery technology is such that only so much energy can be stored in a package that’s not too big for a passenger car. The Model X’s 100-kWh battery pack has the most energy storage of any production EV. The EPA certified the Model X Long Range as being able to go 328 miles between charges. 60 mph requires 84 kWh of energy. Essentially, a trailer can kill EV driving range.

For comparison, lets run the same 75-mph trailering uphill scenario with a Ford F-150. That truck comes with a choice of 23 or 36-gallon fuel tanks. Given that a gallon of gas is equivalent to 33 kWh of energy, that means the Ford has around 775 to 1200 kWh of energy capacity. The trip would require 170 kWh of energy, so the 23-gallon F-150 would only need to operate at around 21 percent efficiency to do it, while the 36-gallon truck only needs to work at around 14 percent. But running some numbers on the Tesla Cybertruck based on preliminary specs, calculations show the Model X trip would go with no incline and going downhill. The numbers are a lot better, but still a ways off the F-150 going uphill. So while you can tow with an EV, they won’t be practical tow vehicles until their energy capacity increases significantly. When the Model X offers a 200- or 300-kWh battery pack, towing long distances will be much more practical.

Audi has conducted its own test with their e-tron electric SUV pulling a 4000-pound trailer. It has provided some interesting data about how towing affects electric cars.,The e-tron went on a 504-mile trip from Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Austin, Texas, stopping at 150-kilowatt fast chargers along the way. It averaged a high 769 watt-hours per mile (Wh/mi), which would make for a low driving range of around 105 miles. The Audi Q4 e-tron is the Cheapest Electric Audi. The Audi e-tron Sportback Improves Range, but is more expensive. The obvious result is that the e-tron is far less efficient while towing a trailer, as any gasoline-powered vehicle would be. It averaged 769 watt-hours per mile (Wh/mi) at an average speed of 60 mph in 35-degre (f) rainy weather. By Audi calculations, it would achieve a range of 105 miles. That means frequent stops for charging.

By comparison, an unladen e-tron is rated at 204 miles in the EPA’s combined test and 203 miles in the EPA’s highway test. It achieved an estimated range of 190 miles in C/D’s 75-mph highway test, averaging 502 Wh/mi. Granted, there are many differences between Audi’s test and our own test, so it’s not exactly an apples-to-apples comparison. Our test has a higher average speed, was conducted in 68-degree weather, and takes into account charging inefficiencies.

Cold Weather Affects EV Range! Nonetheless, this data is interesting for showing how EVs handle towing. We hope to see more testing like this in the future. The e-tron is rated to tow 4000 pounds with its optional $650 towing package. Tesla claims that the Model X can tow up to 500024 pounds when properly equipped. Gliding International May 2021 25 GLIDING IS GETTING TOO EXPENSIVE ? Here’s The Barest Minimum

Enjoy Luxury! You can have an enclosing cockpit

t was not so long ago that gliding was regarded as the cheapest way to learn to fly. There is many a Icommercial pilot flying today that started off gliding. Unfortunately that scenario no longer exists but current scene has had a rub off in Europe to produce a glider that is the cheapest possible. So enter the Comet 1. The Comet 1 is a foot launched model produced by a group of enthusiasts in Liechtenstein. The company is called Attika AG. Comet 1 is a foot launchable high performance glider - span 15 m, L/D 36+, Instruments - Very basic sink 0.4 m/s - developed by Donat Bösch in collaboration with Eric Raymond, Martin Hepperle, Michael Harms and Jörg Spichtig.

There are a number of options. One that has the pilot totally exposed to the elements with no weather protection or alternatively with a cabin (fully faired) that makes soaring infinitely more comfortable.

Comet 1 has a wing span of 15 m. (Wing surface area 11.5 m²). The cabin when fitted decreases wing surface by span 15 m, area 1 5.5x0.75x0.6m The gliders performance is calculated on a pilot weight of 60-110 kg. (Design limit load +6/-4 G). The Comet 1 weighs in at 60 kg, weight plus ‘chute 5.5 kg. The cabin and fairings add an additional 4.5 kg (The prototype is equipped with a sturdier landing gear, heavier chute and different reinforcements for testing purposes).

The VNE foot launch version 140 km/h, VNE glider version 170 km/h, take off speed for 80 kg pilot and 45 deg slope 32 km/h foot launch version. The minimum sink rate is 0.42 m/s with a projected max. L/D of 36:1 (foot launch version), projected max L/D with modified flaps, cabin and ballast L/D > 40 (glider version).

CS22 and LTF-L have been used as guidelines, as far as CS22 and LTF-L are reasonably applicable for foot launchable gliders barest. Crewing definitely not a problem !

26 Gliding International May 2021 27 Coldest Day Ever Recorded ELECTRICITY, WINDS, AND CLIMATE CHANGE Outlook Questionable!

OSHKOSH BACK ON TRACK Energy Agency, Paris, France), the world needs to be installing a minimum of 180 GW of new wind energy every year to limit 2020 was the best year in history for the global wind industry global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and - 93 gigawatts (GW) of new capacity installed — a 53% year- will need to install up to 280 GW annually to maintain a pathway ecember 2018 saw severe storm clouds break into the stratosphere to record the world’s lowest temperature. The temperature at the on-year increase — and the second best year for offshore wind, compliant with meeting net zero by 2050. This means that the Dtop of a storm cloud in 2018 is the coldest ever measured by a satellite. but a new report published on March 25 warns that this growth industry and policymakers need to work collaboratively and act is not sufficient to ensure the world achieves net zero by 2050. fast to accelerate deployment, GWEC says. According to the recently released Global Wind Report 2021, Scientists measured the coldest temperature of the storm cloud on record (−111.2 °C.) using advanced infrared imaging technology aboard Global Wind Energy Council’sl (GWEC) 16th annual flagship GWEC is calling on policymakers to take a true ‘climate emergency’ an Earth-orbiting satellite. The severe thunderstorm crossed the Pacific in late 2018 where it grew to an exceptionally high altitude and report, the world needs to be installing wind power three times approach to allow a faster ramp up including: pushed into the stratosphere, which researchers say is becoming more and more common. The data was recorded by the NOAA-20 satellite faster over the next decade in order to stay on a net-zero pathway as it passed over a southwestern patch of the Pacific ocean in December 2018, several hundreds miles off the coast of Nauru. These types and avoid the worst impacts of climate change. • Eliminating red tape and reforming administrative structures in order to speed up and streamline licensing and permitting of satellites use infrared sensors to measure the temperature of the Earth and the atmosphere, and when they encounter thunderstorms The global wind power market has nearly quadrupled in size over for projects. that reach high altitude, they often collect very cold readings owing to the extremely chilly air far above sea level. the past decade and is one of the most cost-competitive and resilient power sources across the world. In 2020, the record • Carry out a massive increase in investments in grid, ports and other infrastructure needed to allow the ramp up in But the reading returned by the NOAA-20 satellite and its onboard Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite wasn’t quite like anything growth was driven by a surge of installations in China and the U.S. — the world’s two largest wind power markets, at 48,940 installations. scientists had seen before. The measurement of -168 °F (−111.2 °C) is the coldest known measurement of a storm cloud, and the coldest MW and 16,913 MW — who together installed 75% of the new temperature recorded by a satellite. installations in 2020 and account for more than half of the world’s • Re-vamp energy markets to ensure that they account for the total wind power capacity. There is now 743 GW of wind power true social costs of polluting fossil fuels and facilitate a rapid capacity worldwide, helping to avoid more 1.1 billion tonnes of transition to a system based on renewable energy. The reason behind these unprecedented readings is the incredible power within this particular storm, which pushed it through the lower CO2 globally — equivalent to the annual carbon emissions of section of the Earth’s atmosphere, known as the troposphere. Normally, when a storm reaches the top of the troposphere, it flattens out South America. “Every year we fall short, the mountain to climb in the years into an anvil shape. But such was the severity of this storm that it penetrated the stratosphere, reaching 20.5km (12.8mi) above sea level. ahead gets higher,” Ben Backwell, CEO of GWEC says. Such events are called overshooting tops. Infrared image of a thunderstorm taken from the NOAA-20 satellite, with the coldest sections Yet, as the clean energy technology with the most decarbonisation seen in purple. Infrared image of a thunderstorm were taken from the NOAA-20 satellite, with the coldest sections seen in purple according potential per MW, GWEC says the to the National Centre for Earth Observation. report shows that the current rate of wind power deployment will not be The readings were made possible by recent advances in infrared sensors, which can measure temperatures in these overshooting top enough to achieve carbon neutrality by the middle of this century, and urgent turrets at increasingly more detailed spatial scales. While they haven’t quite reached the same lows, the scientists say that clusters of action must be taken by policymakers similarly low temperatures have been detected in recent years, indicating these events are becoming more frequent. now to scale up wind power at the necessary pace. “This storm achieved an unprecedented temperature that pushes the limits of what current satellite sensors are capable of measuring,” says According to the scenarios that have study author Dr Simon Proud. “We found that these really cold temperatures seem to be becoming more common – with the same number been established by international of extremely cold temperatures in the last three years as in the 13 years before that. This is important, as thunderstorms with colder clouds energy bodies such as IRENA tend to be more extreme, and more hazardous to people on the ground due to hail, lightning and wind. We now need to understand if this (International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, United Arab increase is due to our changing climate or whether it is due to a “perfect storm” of weather conditions producing outbreaks of extreme Emirates) and the IEA (International thunderstorms in the last few years.” The research was published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.

28 Gliding International May 2021 29 “People and governments around the world are realizing that we have a limited window to head off dangerous climate change. While many major economies have announced long-term net zero targets, we need to make sure that urgent and meaningful actions are AVIATION MEDICAL • NEW SUBSCRIBERS taken now to make sure this ambition is matched with fast growing investment and installations of renewable power on the ground EXAMINERS and in the water. It is really encouraging to see record growth in China and U.S. last year, but now we need the rest of the world AND • RENEWING YOUR to step up to get us where we need to be.” According to Backwell, GWEC’s current market forecasts show that 469 GW of new wind COVID 19 SUBSCRIPTION power capacity will be installed over the next five years. However, a minimum installation of 180 GW every year up to 2025 is required to AFFLICTED PILOTS ensure the world remains on the right path to limit global warming. • RE SUBSCRIBING GLOBAL WIND TURBINE SUPPLIER RANKING he FAA on March 26 released much-anticipated guidance to aviation medical examiners about how to FROM WAY BACK “Chinese and American turbine manufacturers had record new T handle medical certificate applications from pilots and installations. Danish manufacturer Vestas (Aarhus, Denmark) were air traffic control specialists who have had confirmed the world’s largest suppliers of wind turbines in 2020 with new cases of COVID-19. installations in 32 markets. Very strong in the U.S., Australia, Brazil, GET YOUR COMPLIMENTARY COPY Netherlands, France, Poland, Russia and Norway. GE Renewable OF GLIDING’S TWO BIGGEST As long as the pilot or ATC specialist is otherwise Energy (Paris, France), a subsidiary of General Electric (Boston, qualified, an AME can issue a medical certificate when the SELLING EVER SOARING FILMS Mass., U.S.) moves up two positions to second place for 2020, person who had a confirmed case of COVID-19 has fully mainly due to the explosive U.S. growth market and its strong recovered and was asymptomatic or had a mild infection, position in Spain. Despite disruption caused by COVID-19 to local had a prolonged infection but was not hospitalised, or supply chains and project execution in the U.S., GWEC says the was hospitalised but did not require intensive care. For American manufacturer reported more than 10 GW of installations, those who were hospitalised (but not in intensive care), making ithem the number-one U.S. supplier for a second year in a A FREE $40.00 the AME should forward any applicable records to the row. Chinese supplier Goldwind (Beijing) retains the third position FAA after issuing the medical certificate. in 2020, Goldwind still held the top spot in China for 2019, but the supplier lost market share at home from Tier 2 local suppliers. AMEs must defer applications for individuals who were in BONUS intensive care or “are experiencing ongoing residual signs (Current Selling Price of the DVD) Although Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy SA (SGRE, Zamudio, and/or symptoms of confirmed COVID-19.” The ongoing Spain) had installations in 31 markets last year, GWEC says the signs and symptoms “may include but are not limited to manufacturer fell three positions to fifth place. The company cardiovascular dysfunction, respiratory abnormalities, reported 8.7 GW of new installations in 2020, 1.2 GW lower than kidney injury, neurological dysfunction, psychiatric the previous year, primarily due to a relatively slow year of offshore conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, moodiness), or wind in Europe. Nevertheless, Siemens Gamesa retains its title as symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, cough, the world’s largest offshore wind turbine supplier in 2020. arthralgia, or chest pain,” according to the guidance sent to AMEs. This means the AME cannot issue the OPEN These rankings will be published in the Global Wind Market medical certificate in the office and sends the completed Development Supply Side Data 2020, which will be released in late application and any other medical records to the FAA’s April 2021. Preliminary results are subject to change between now Aerospace Medical Certification Division. The FAA then and the release date of the actual report. works directly with the pilot. RELAYED CONTENT - WIND TURBINE The guidance comes at a time when pilots, controllers, BLADES - GLASS VS CARBON FIBRE TO MAY 31 and AMEs were unsure of how to handle medical applications that involved a history of COVID-19. As the wind energy market continues to grow, competition heats up between glass and carbon fiber composites for turbine blades. “We appreciate the FAA’s scaled approach to granting indborn and Champions of the Wave are two of the biggest selling soaring films ever. Gliding International has medical certificates for pilots and air traffic control Wsecured a bulk supply which we are making available free to our subscribers. If you are about to renew or take LIGHTNING STRIKE PROTECTION STRATEGIES specialists who have had COVID-19,” said AOPA Senior out a new subscription, you qualify for a free copy. FOR COMPOSITE AIRCRAFT Vice President of Government Affairs Jim Coon. “This guidance allows AMEs to issue medical certificates for This offer is open to May 31 to updating subscribers who effect a new two-year subscription and who are registered Tried-and-true materials thrive, but new approaches and new forms the vast majority of pilots and controllers who have had on our subscription files before May 31. (Limited to 500 copies maximum). Same offer applies to printed or digital issue designed to process faster are entering the marketplace. COVID-19, requiring deferral in only the most severe subscriptions. Register via our web page and we will post your copy automatically. We can cases.” accept your cheque if preferred. MATERIALS & PROCESSES: FABRICATION METHODS The FAA has previously released policies regarding the Both films were recorded at Mount Cook in the South Island of New Zealand and will provide you with two hours of There are numerous methods for fabricating composite components. three coronavirus vaccines currently available—Pfizer- enjoyment and are a great endorsement of our sport. Something you can show to friends about what you do in the Selection of a method for a particular part, therefore, will depend BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson. The week-ends. on the materials, the part design and end-use or application. policies require a 48-hour rest period after each dose (the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines require two This is a big gliding promotion and a big thrill to us to be able to bring it to our supporters. shots) before resuming flying or controlling air traffic. Pilots and ATC specialists are not required to submit any documentation regarding their vaccination. JOHN ROAKE, EDITOR

30 Gliding International May 2021 31 WEEK-END ACCOMMODATION FOR YOUR MEMBERS

THE BEST GLIDING BOOK BUY EVER

arry Lomas writes us from the United Kingdom to draw our attention to his club’s solution for week-end accommodation for “on field Hbedding for members attending club training coarses”. He hasn’t been specific about costing, but has indicated that the solution is not prohibitive”. It’s your guess/on investigation that this could be worth checking out further. Their tiny cabins are dubbed as “Glamping.”

It’s no secret that glamping is the best of both worlds. Nestled away on the edge of their soaring site, amidst some tall redwoods, your hotel room awaits. Glamping brings the joys of camping and makes it palatable for those who’d rather sleep on a plush mattress than a centimetre-thick sleeping pad – I would too. ‘The Willows’ (their tiny cabins) accommodate club glampers and travellers alike.

With two rounded roofs, The Willow’s bulbous frame stand out against the sprawling green lawn where they are situated. From the outside, The Willows appear like something straight from a science fiction cartoon, immediately drawing in their guests with their whimsical shape.

With an open-floor studio layout, featuring a full living area with a television and sofa, the full-sized kitchen and dining area, along with a private bedroom, additional sleeping areas are available, plus of course a well equipped bathroom.

While The Willows might look as tiny as glamping pods come, the unit allows room for up to four guests. While the main bedroom can sleep two people, two additional single sleeping pods are built into The Willow’s frame, providing more sleeping room for two more glampers. THINKING OF BECOMING A COMPETITION PILOT? - This book on competition flying is without doubt, the best Resembling the form of what could be a futuristic, sci-fi escape pod, The Willow offers a means for guests to get away from a busy elsewhere lifestyle. in print . Sheer magic for the non experienced. Normally sells for $US120 post paid. On Special at $US69.50 ($NZ97.00) - Discount applies to the first 10 orders. Email to order.

32 Gliding International May 2021 33 Jonker JS-2 Test Flown The New Self Launcher with Major Production Changes ......

Many pilots have been patiently waiting for this high-performance, versatile, easy-to-fly self- launcher. Finally, JS has completed the development of their cutting-edge sailplane - the JS2 Revenant. The JS design team claim they have met most pilots’ desires in a self launcher – great handling, good reliability, a powerful engine to take-off from short grass strips and with the endurance to travel under power to nearby mountains. The Jonker design team have captured their aims in a slender airframe, which will inevitably provide the gliding performance required to challenge world records and win contests.

he JS design team has said that they aimed to meet pilots’ PERFORMANCE is Not Optional - The JS2 may be regarded as a and will definitely not get tired with high control forces, even when sufficient static thrust but still able to prevent the engine from Tdesires in a self launcher – great handling, good reliability, a product aimed for the larger recreational market. Nevertheless, flying out of trim” according to Uys Jonker. over-speeding at airspeeds up to 120 km/h. The ground static powerful engine to take-off from short grass strips and importantly Jonker Sailplanes’ unwavering dedication to the ultimate Ballast Water filling is done through ports on the upper skin, and tests suggest that the climb rates at maximum weight will be “power endurance”. They have captured all those demands in a performance and aerodynamic excellence resulted in the creation one-way valves prevent water from syphoning when one wing is on very impressive – a major safety requirement. Meanwhile the fuel slender airframe that opens up strong potential to effectively of the Revenant. the ground. The left and right main tanks are mechanically connected system consists of a 12 litre main tank in the fuselage, and 2x12 challenge world records and win contests. Using the proven high performance JS1-C airfoil sections, combined to prevent asymmetrical dumping with electrical activation. litre integral wing tanks. To reduce the probability of fuel leaks, JS with a new optimised fuselage design, the JS2 is not only expected selected modern automotive industry standards by incorporating The JS philosophy is based on finding the right compromises, to be highly competitive in the 18m configuration but should Reliable Propulsion is acknowledged as a ‘Must’ - The new self-launch submersible fuel pumps for the fuel supply. The Engine management produce a superior product that is the most sought after glider in also be a serious contender in Open Class. “The JS2 has a slight system has been developed around customers’ non-negotiable system, developed by LXNAV, has been designed for minimum the world. performance advantage on the JS1-C, which was already a great requirements – reliability, performance and ease of use. The engine pilot workload. A 57mm colour display unit has a three-position performing glider with a best L/D confirmed by the Idaflieg of 63:1,” selection process was no trivial task as only EASA certified engines switch to control the pylon position and enables the ignition. A Originally, they planned to release the JS2 self launcher in 2017 and said Dr Johan Bosman. were considered. Just two engines made the primary specification, start button on the stick can only be activated when the engine is were well on track with that plan. A re-evaluation of their strategic the Astro rotary 50 h.p. EA50 and the 68hP 2-stroke Solo 2625 02i fully extended. Throttle control is provided by a mechanical lever plan based on market research indicated a larger long term market Pilot COMFORT is Crucial - Easy handling and pilot comfort Neo. positioned on the left hand side of the cockpit console. Retraction share awaited the company if they restructured their product range has become a critical customer requirement. The JS2 cockpit now activates automatically. A mechanical prop brake handle is carefully. As a result, Jonker fast-tracked the JS3 and defined and architecture is based on the JS3 cockpit but with increased Although the rotary engine is compact and runs with very low provided to stop the propeller and a mechanical activated finger- scheduled the development of their future product range. width in the shoulder area. Pilots up to two metres tall should vibration levels, the more powerful Solo engine was selected. The type prop-stop advances in the propeller’s path before retracting not have any comfort issues. The instrument panel size has been design team have been faced with the major challenge of managing to a low-drag cooling position. Provision is made for an emergency This decision was a hidden blessing – their design team gained increased and moved closer to the pilot to improve the ergonomics. the vibrations generated by the engine. After vibration modes were mode to enable the pilot to retract /extend the propeller in case of invaluable experience, and more formal design processes were Instrumentation readability in bright conditions has been materially modelled, four shock mounts instead of the normal three were system failures or if logical conditions cannot be met. introduced based on Aerospace Standard AS9145 for the Product improved. designed to optimise protection to the fuselage and surrounding Development Process (PDP) through the use of Production Part components in the extended position. The V-belts concept instead The completion date of JS’s most modern sailplane must now be Approval Process (PPAP) methodologies. Every part, every fastener, Rudder pedals are now adjustable electronically, and the seat back of a tooth belt has seen a major damping of engine/propeller regarded as “almost there!”. Development challenges have been every wire, every fitting and attachment was designed and imported is adjustable in flight with the aid of a lockable gas strut. And vibration. overcome – consequently the JS2 prototypes progressed at an to the final assembly model to check for possible integration although JS gliders are renowned for their great handling qualities, increasing pace. All mechanical systems function according to oversights. DFMEAs (Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) but customer feedback suggests that increased rudder authority in Fuel injection has been selected to enhance reliability and design. Final design inspections have been completed on the fuel were performed on most critical components and various design the 21m wingspan should be considered. The design team accepted performance in various atmospheric conditions. SOLO developed system with the electrical system following. change iterations were conducted to lower the risk probability the challenge and designed an improved rudder system with 40% a new fuel injection system with significant improvements in numbers before moving to the prototyping phase. “Following a higher efficiency and a significant reduction in pedal forces. redundancy. Their latest design, the 2625 02i Neo, has resulted in a The maiden flight has been achieved ( a major success). This highly formal design process is time consuming but the advantage is that very elegant, reliable system, ideal for the JS2. desirable recreational self launcher will definitely experience industrialisation and certification is much faster,” JS engineering Control forces have been re-modelled resulting in light and increased demand for the planned JS-5, a new Open Class glider manager AP Kotze explained. balanced “typically pleasant“ JS handling. “Female pilots will no JS have designed a purpose-built propeller with a slightly reduced based on the JS2. longer struggle to lock the air brakes or retract the landing gear, diameter and lower aspect ratio. Power curves were selected with

34 Gliding International May 2021 35 MORE SUCCESSFUL BATTERY RESEARCH NEW! - THIS FROM SWEDEN A multicell laminate manufactured THE MOIN CAMERA in Chalmers’ composite lab provides not only energy density A pocket-sized tool for the but structural properties. photo concious soaring pilot One of the issues faced by engineers developing electric vehicles (EVs) is the mass of the batteries necessary to provide power to the motors. The batteries are heavy. This means that in order to get range—one of most required features for an EV—there needs to be sufficient battery capacity… but this becomes something of a vicious cycle as more battery means more mass and more mass means reduced range.

esearchers at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden scientists in Russia have landed on a battery design with a Rhave developed a battery that could be a solution to number of promising performance benefits, in particular an this problem as it not only stores energy (24 watt-hours per ability to offer triple the capacity of today’s solutions. The kilogram), but it provides structural support, as it has a stiffness breakthrough comes from replacing the material used for one of 25 GPa. of the battery’s electrodes with hollowed out nanospheres that enable the device to not only hold more charge, but remain Leif Asp, professor at Chalmers and leader of the research stable over an impressive period of time. project, which is being run in collaboration with the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, said, “Previous attempts to make Lithium-ion batteries power everything from smartphones to structural batteries have resulted in cells with either good laptops to electric vehicles, and all do so by using graphite mechanical properties, or good electrical properties. But here, as the anode – the device’s negative electrode. The anode is using carbon fibre, we have succeeded in designing a structural a key point of focus for scientists looking to improve battery battery with both competitive energy storage capacity and performance. rigidity.” For researchers at Russia’s National University of Science and In a paper in Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research (vol. Technology (MISIS), that meant exploring replacements for 2, issue 3), Asp and his coauthors describe the battery: graphite anodes that might offer greater efficiency. Through a technique called ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, where ions of “The structural battery composite consists of a CF [carbon fibre] special metals are turned into a fog through ultrasound and the negative electrode and an aluminum film supported positive water is then evaporated at high temperatures, the team was electrode separated by a GF separator in a SBE [structural able to create microscopic spheres with a hollowed out, porous battery electrolyte] matrix material. Consequently, the CFs act structure that seemed to fit the bill. as host for Li (i.e., active electrode material), conduct electrons and reinforce the material. These were integrated into lithium batteries as the anode he MOIN CAMERA will improve your video-making skills by professional cinema industry technology such as 3-axis stabilisation. and put to the test, where the team observed a number of Tallowing you, the content creator, to focus on the subject - an The MOIN Camera has a powerful 1/2.3” sensor that produces high- Similarly, the positive electrode foil provides combined performance benefits. The novel material not only afforded the innovative pocket gimbal camera combo with a built-in 2.45” touch quality images with low noise. The camera can take 12MP photos, mechanical and electrical functionality. The SBE facilitates battery several times the capacity of conventional lithium ion screen and 120° FOV Lens. 4K video at 60fps, and 8x slow motion. The camera also features transport and transfers mechanical loads between fibres, batteries, but the hollowed out nature of the anode was well Face Tracking, First Person View (FPV), Panorama, and Time-Lapse particles and plies. Two types of GF [glass fibre] fabric retained over 1,000 charging cycles. This worked to buffer the The MOIN Camera’s innovative 2.45” touch screen allows users to mode. Smooth shots for every moment. separators, a Whatman GF/A and a GF plain weave, are used volume changes that take place during charging, helping the monitor the camera’s view and control all camera settings. Just as model materials to investigate the effects of separator battery remain stable over an impressively long life-span. tap the screen to access the easy-to-use graphical user interface. Only coming in at 176g means the MOIN CAMERA is lighter than thickness and architecture, as well as material anisotropy, on The camera has a 120° FOV Lens, great for capturing selfie videos a full-sized chocolate bar! The MOIN Camera’s internal battery the multifunctional performance.” “Porous nanostructured microspheres (with the composition or establishing shots of vast sky-scapes. The MOIN CAMERA can operate for 145 minutes and be fully charged in 90 min. Ultra- Cu0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4), that we have extracted, used as anode manufacturers claim they will improve your video-making skills by lightweight and long battery means you can capture life’s most At present they are working on a new structural battery with the material provide three times higher capacity than the batteries allowing you to enhance your gliding creations. significance anywhere at any time. When you’re done filming, aluminum film being replaced by carbon fibre and the use of a existing on market,” says study author Evgeny Kolesnikov. download the video clips to a smartphone and use the MOZA Artist thinner fibreglass separator. “Besides, it allows for an increase in the number of charge- MOIN CAMERAS offer an elevated filming experience with built-in App to intelligently edit the video, add filters, effects, music, and discharge cycles by five times compared to other promising high-quality stereo microphones. more. Asp said that he expects that further research will result in a alternatives to graphite. This improvement is achieved due to a battery that has an energy density of 75 watt-hours per kilogram synergistic effect with a combination of a special nano-structure This stereo pair of microphones features improved pickup MOIN CAMERA uses Intelligent Silent Transfer to speed up transfer and a stiffness of 75 GPa. and the composition of used elements.” performance, intelligent noise reduction, uncolored sound and time between the smartphone and the stored media. The MOZA high fidelity audio. The MOIN CAMERA combines high-end film Artist App can also be set to import all media stored on the “If you look at consumer technology,” Asp said, “it could be As always with this type of research, translating these promising production equipment functions into a small, convenient, affordable, MOIN CAMERA automatically. During this mode, the gimbal and quite possible within a few years to manufacture smartphones, experimental results in a controlled laboratory setting into a palm-sized package. smartphone will remain connected via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi while laptops or electric bicycles that weigh half as much as today battery that can power your smartphone for three days is far the files are transferred. and are much more compact.” Evgeny Kolesnikov and a team from a straightforward undertaking. But such high capacity and MOIN CAMERA packs into the handle an innovative touch screen of material scientists at Russia’s National University of Science excellent cycling stability are very desirable attributes when control system, integrated image processor, and “Deep Red” anti- Take MOIN CAMERA with you and capture life’s most important and Technology (MISIS) have developed a promising new anode it comes to next-generation batteries, so the research opens shake motor control algorithm. Even while filming on the move, moments from travel blogs to family time, parties, concerts, active material for lithium batteries. up yet another promising avenue for scientists in the field to the MOIN CAMERA produces ultra-smooth footage because of sports, outdoor events, weddings, and more. Through experimentation with a newly created type of material, explore.

36 Gliding International May 2021 37 GLIDING - CANNABIS STUDY Study Calculates Duration

Of Flying International News report Impairment specifically for After Gliding Pilots Smoking Cannabis International Aviation New research suggests smoking cannabis News For Glider Pilots can generally impair one’s gliding THE COVID-19 VACCINE DEVELOPED BY PFIZER AND BIONTECH REMAINS ability for between HIGHLY PROTECTIVE against the novel coronavirus for at least six months after the three and five hours. second dose, the companies announced on Thursday (April 1). This analysis, based on an ongoing trial of more than 44,000 volunteers, included 800 participants in ow long is a person’s ability to safely fly impaired after therefore required to determine appropriate delays between Delta- South Africa, where a coronavirus variant with some ability to evade antibodies, Hconsuming cannabis? A world-first meta-analysis looking at 80 9-THC use and the performance of safety-sensitive tasks.” called B.1.351, is causing the majority of new cases. Nevertheless, the vaccine still different studies suggests cannabis intoxication spans anywhere appeared highly protective against this variant, according to a statement from from three to ten hours, raising questions over some tests detecting Of course, the huge challenge facing lawmakers right now is Pfizer. Supporting this trial data, laboratory studies of vaccinated individuals’ blood also showed that the shot induces a robust neutralizing traces of THC days after consumption. how to accurately measure impairment levels. Compared to antibody response against B.1.351, according to a report published March 8 in The New England Journal of Medicine. cannabis, alcohol impairment is relatively easy to police. Common “Legal cannabis use, both medical and non-medical, is increasingly breathalysers reliably measure blood alcohol levels, and these CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION PROVING DETRIMENTAL TO SPORT Major League Baseball have announced they are moving their All-Star common across the world,” according to a new study just released. levels have been found to, for most people, correspond reasonably Game and the 2021 draft out of Georgia (U.S.A.) due to the state’s new restrictive voting law. The All-Star Game, which was supposed to take place at Atlanta’s Truist Park in July, had been planned since 2019, but the league said Georgia’s law is at odds with its values. This “THC is known to acutely impair flying and cognitive performance with intoxication and impairment. from Commissioner Rob Manfred: “Major League Baseball fundamentally supports voting rights for all Americans and opposes restrictions but many users are unsure how long this impairment lasts and to the ballot box. . . . Fair access to voting continues to have our game’s unwavering support.” In response, Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp said when they can resume safety-sensitive tasks, such as gliding after Cannabis, on the other hand, is an entirely more complicated the league’s decision indicates a program of “cancel culture whilst political activists are about to dominate every aspect of your life, sports cannabis consumption.” drug. Although researchers are racing to bring accurate THC included.” This week, GA-based corporations including Delta Airlines and Coca-Cola came out forcefully against the bill. But Major League breathalysers to market, there are serious concerns blood THC Baseball is the first big action taken by a company in order to inflict economic pain on the state. We’ll see if others follow. (It could only The new research extracted data from recent new studies has looked levels do not objectively correspond with flying impairment. In happen in North America). Hardly likely to affect gliding, but interesting nevertheless. at the effects of cannabis intoxication on flying and which has fact, an independent report commissioned by the US congress in provided figures that show an average time duration of impairment. 2019 concluded there is, “no scientifically demonstrated correlation BRITISH AIRWAYS BACKS ZEROAVIA’S PLAN FOR HYDROGEN AIRLINER - British Airways is among a group of investors backing a new The results revealed a significant spectrum of impairment timing, between levels of THC and degrees of impairment.” $24.3 million funding round to support ZeroAvia’s plans to develop a 50-seat airliner powered by hydrogen. According to the U.S.-based depending on a broad variety of factor - from mode of consumption start-up, which has now raised nearly $74 million—including $53 million in private investment and a UK government grant of around $16.3 (oral vs inhalation) to frequency of use. “THC can be detected in the body weeks after cannabis consumption million—it is aiming to get the 50-seater into commercial service by 2026 and believes that by 2030, a 100-seat airliner could be operating while it is clear that impairment lasts for a much shorter period of with its 600 kW hydrogen-electric powertrain. Applications of the hydrogen-electric system on smaller aircraft are anticipated as early as The analysis indicates that impairment may last up to ten hours if time,” says an alternative new study. “Legal frameworks probably 2024. high doses of THC are consumed orally. A more typical duration need to catch up with that and, as with alcohol, focus on the of impairment, however, is four hours, when lower doses of THC interval when users are more of a risk to themselves and others. SUBARU WORKING ON A FLYING MOTORCYCLE (IMAGE: U.S. PATENT OFFICE) Subaru are consumed via smoking or vaporisation and simpler tasks are Prosecution solely on the basis of the presence of THC in blood or Corporation has filed for a U.S. patent for a “land-and-air vehicle”—a tilt-rotor/motorcycle. undertaken (e.g., those using cognitive skills such as reaction time, saliva is manifestly unjust”. The inventors are listed as Daisuke Hirabayashi, Yoshiyuki Matsumoto and Takumi Ishikawa. sustained attention and working memory). The application was filed May last year, but not publicly released until early March. No The new study was published in the journal Neuroscience & marketing information has been released by Subaru. The drawings show a heavily faired gas Duration of flying impairment was more predictable in those who Biobehavioral Reviews. But meantime In their latest survey, PEW engine-powered motorcycle with conventional throttle, clutch and front-brake controls on only occasionally use cannabis, whereas regular or heavy users report that 60% of US adults now support legalised recreational its handlebars. It also shows a piggyback airframe component with a pair of wings folded displayed greater tolerance to the drug’s effects. Although in and medical use and an additional 31% back medical marijuana. back against the side of the fuselage, each with a propeller driven by five electric motors. general, the study concludes most flying-related cognitive skills With the public behind them, more politicians are backing The motorcycle engine can be run during flight to charge the battery for the electric motors. recover between three and five hours after inhaling a moderate legalisation. April 2021 sees New Mexico become the 17th state As with the V-22 Osprey, the wings and propellers remain vertical for takeoff and landing, volume of THC. The research points out the extreme variability to allow recreational use. Even the traditionally anti-pot South is but both tilt forward to horizontal for cruise. The handlebar has a secondary throttle lever at in their findings which suggests there is no easy answer to the cracking; starting in July, Virginia will allow adults to watch Cats as the end of the right grip to control propeller speed. The empennage appears to be that of a question of cannabis impairment and flying. it was meant to be consumed without breaking the law. States are conventional airplane, but with a vertically oriented rotor for takeoff and landing in rotorcraft configuration. The land-and-air vehicle will also addressing unjust outcomes from the war on drugs. New York, have ECU 101 sensors in the flight mode that enable manual, assisted or fully automated flight. For manual control, the application says the The results confirm that Delta-9-THC impairs aspects of flying Illinois, and Vermont are automatically expunging criminal records ECU 101-driven control system “may be configured to … behave similarly … during ground traveling and during flight.” performance and demonstrate that the magnitude and duration of some marijuana-related charges, and other states will prioritise of this impairment depends on the dose provided, route of awarding licenses to entrepreneurs from impacted communities. CAA (U.K.) NEW MEDICAL RECORDS SYSTEM have published information about their new medical records system. If you need a class 2 or administration and frequency with which cannabis is used. The LAPL medical certificate (or make a pilot medical declaration) as from March 29, 2021 you will need to have a CAA Customer Portal Account. researchers conclude in their newly published study. “There appears Zoom out: North America’s turning into the greenest continent in (The same will apply when for whatever reson, you are involving queries about your CAA medical records). Applicable charges can be found to be no universal answer to the question of “how long to wait before the world. Canada legalised recreational cannabis in 2018, and on the CAA website. If in doubt you can can call CAA on 0330 022 1909 (option 1). flying?” following cannabis use: consideration of multiple factors is Mexico could follow soon.

38 Gliding International May 2021 39 OSHKOSH BACK ON TRACK - Scheduled now to start at 12 p.m. on Thursday, THE STUFF DREAMS ARE MADE OF - ENERGY FROM A 5G WIRELESS COMMUNICATION July 22, to 8 p.m. Sunday, August 1. A copy of the show NOTAM can be downloaded SYSTEMS OUT OF THE AIR AND CONVERT IT INTO ELECTRICITY - This from Loz Blain - at EAA.org/NOTAM. The event itself was cancelled last year due to the coronavirus What a technical world we live in - Great! Now the militaries of the world will be able to (COVID-19) pandemic. With the annual Oshkosh AirVenture fly-in around the corner, build those robot armies that were previously the stuff of Sci-Fi due to power needs. We the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) is highlighting some changes to the show- always thought it would be Nicola Tesla’s work on power transmission through the Earth’s related Notice to Airmen (NOTAM). The 2021 AirVenture NOTAM includes new ATC- surface that would be our downfall. We never considered it would be a telephone! Does assignable transition points approaching Wittman Regional Airport (KOSH) from the this amount of radiated energy everywhere make anyone just the tiniest bit nervous? west along with noting that VORs FAH and IKK have been decommissioned. In addition, None of the big claims about EM fields and effects on cells have been substantiated up the width of temporary Runway 18L/36R is now 60 feet following a reconstruction. to now, but the break-through has just be achieved even so... An inkjet-printed prototype “With AirVenture on hiatus last year, it is more crucial than ever to thoroughly read of a mm-wave harvester has been created which allows devices to pull energy from 5G and understand the 2021 AirVenture NOTAM to ensure safe operations on arrival and wireless communication systems out of the air and convert it into electricity. Whilst the departure for this year’s event,” said Sean Elliott, EAA vice president of advocacy and amount of electricity is miniscule, it is but a start. Stand by as big money is being thrown safety. “We also urge all pilots to log appropriate cross-country time prior to their trip to Oshkosh so they have the proficiency and at the idea. This inkjet-printed prototype of a mm-wave confidence to fly safely in conjunction with a thorough knowledge of this year’s NOTAM.” harvester allows devices to pull energy from 5G wireless communication systems out of the air and convert it into electricity. FOR HIRE AND REWARD A “NO GO” AGAIN - U.S. Senator Mike Lee (R-UT) has re-introduced legislation that would expand the ability for private pilots to receive compensation under regulations SCHEMPP-HIRTH HAS A HAPPY MARRIAGE WITH FEZ. Since our last issue, Schempp- permitting pilots and passengers to share flight expenses. NATA is engaged with Senator Lee’s Hirth have test flown a Duo Discus fitted with a FEZ nose mounted electric propellor. Both office to understand the objectives and ensure awareness of the potential consequences. Each Schempp-Hirth and LZ Design are enthusiastic about the results of the first test flight. The time similar legislation has been introduced, NATA has successfully communicated their members’ You’re safe! initial possibilities from this first Duo Discus-FES prototype opens up new possibilities for concerns and defeated those efforts. Most recently, during the 2018 FAA Reauthorisation Act, NATA FLY WITH ME both companies. Further trials are scheduled which will likely see another new motor-glider promoted language requiring the non-partisan Government Accountability Office (GAO) to study the on the club scene. The two companies have spent considerable time on this project with issue. NATA also endorsed language directing the FAA to promulgate clarifying guidance on what a work schedule still on-going. Specific performance figures were not available at press constitutes permissible flight sharing. FAA released this guidance in February 2021 re-stating the time, but we will followup in due course. The SH team have expressed grateful thanks to all Agency’s analysis of 14 CFR 61.113(c), and multiple longstanding FAA legal interpretations defining involved in bringing the project through to a successful stage one. the difference between narrowly-allowed sharing of flight expenses and what constitutes a for-hire operation that would require an operator’s certificate. NATA maintains that the FAA policy is clear as to how and when flight expenses can be shared, and that the practice of holding out for compensation of any kind requires an operator’s certificate. NATA’s discussions with key policymakers indicate that there is considerable skepticism from Congress on proposals which would enable the public to fly with someone they do not know and have no ability to objectively evaluate, and that Senator Lee’s legislation is not likely to advance.

THE WORLD’S FASTEST EXTERNAL SSD CAN TRANSFER AN ENTIRE 4K MOVIE IN SECONDS It’s called Thunderbolt 4 and is so blazingly fast, it makes cloud storage Fly High With Mountain High!! bite the dust. And with 4TB of storage space on its ridiculously tiny SSD, GigaDrive lets you carry your data around with you, safe from subscription fees or ‘accidental’ hacks. The Mountain High MH EDS O2D1-2G™ portable oxygen system makes your flying at high altitudes About as large as the size of your thumb, this GigaDrive quite literally puts the power safer and more comfortable. Experienced glider pilots know the danger of oxygen starvation of data in your hand. File storage has come full circle in the past 10 years. We went from pen-drives to hard-disks, to cloud storage, and now we’re back to pen-drives, except (Hypoxia) and depend on MH-EDS Oxygen Systems. Visit our web site at www.MHoxygen.com they’re outfitted with mind-numbingly fast SSDs on the inside. GigaDrive puts up to 4 for a list of dealers in your area. terabytes worth of storage into something that fits in your palm, and as incredible as the technology is, its capabilities make it quite exceptional. Compatible with a whole FEATURES TO COMPARE: host of devices, GigaDrive works with laptops and phones, as well as with tablets, s Electronic individual auto-profiling “Pulse Demand™” system cameras, and even gaming consoles. With read and write speeds as high as 2,800MB/s and 2,500MB/s, respectively, the GigaDrive claims the bragging rights of being the world’s fastest consumer-grade SSD. Connect it to your device via the transfer cable, and s Surpasses the duration of all continuous flow systems GigaDrive’s USB4/Thunderbolt 4 protocol kicks in, giving you access to instant high-capacity storage. You could use it to back up s Automatic altitude compensation, no knobs to turn your phone/laptop multiple times or just use it to store all your data. You could also use it as an extension of your devices, like directly recording videos to it via a hi-def camera or even using it to play games off your Switch or PS5. This powerful and portable s !UDIBLE .O &AULT ALARM added safety for pinched tubes, or SSD comes in three storage options starting at 1TB, 2TB, and going up to 4TB. With its small form factor, GigaDrive promises to be as accessible as cloud storage (if not more than, given that you can access your data without an internet connection). It’s small, accidental disconnect reliable, and puts the power of data back in the hands of consumers. Not to mention exactly how freakishly fast those 2,800MB/s s !UDIBLE APNEA DETECTION to ensure continuous breathing transfer speeds are! Present retail: $US153.00. s $IGITAL -ICRO #OMPUTER electronics for accuracy CANADA HAS FORMALIZED ITS INTENT TO IMPOSE A “LUXURY TAX” ON NEW “PERSONAL” AIRCRAFT and it will be tacked on to virtually every factory-fresh plane sold in the country, s Does not require dual lumen or bifurcated cannulas (assuming it’s enacted). The Justin Trudeau Liberal government included the tax in its budget tabled s 0ORTABLE EASY TO CARRY systems earlier this week and as written will add tens of thousands of dollars to the cost of even the most basic general aviation aircraft. The government has set the luxury limit for aircraft at $100,000 s WWW-(OXYGENCOM s SALES -(OXYGENCOM CAD and there are few new aircraft available at that price, which is currently about $80,000 USD. It is calculated at the lesser of 10 percent of the full value of an aircraft or 20 percent of the value more than $100,000. For a $600,000 CAD Cessna 172, that would be $60,000 plus up to $7,800 in federal and provincial sales and value-added taxes. Canadian aviation groups have lined up against    s    the tax, saying the luxury threshold is far too low and the application of the tax is muddy. The government is exempting passenger (The 800 number is good only in the USA, aircraft with 40 seats or more and smaller aircraft used commercially. That, says the Canadian Business Aviation Association, is at Canada and Mexico) odds with the country’s tax laws, which don’t distinguish commercial and personal aircraft based on size. There is also confusion on Made in the USA Since 1985 whether imported used aircraft will be taxed as new. The government has promised more details on the implementation of the tax before it becomes law. MOUNTAIN HIGH EQUIPMENT & SUPPLY CO. Portable and Built-In Aviation Oxygen Equipment & Supplies AviationM OxygenH Systems

40 Gliding International May 2021 41 BOEING HAS DELIVERED ALMOST 89 737-MAX SINCE US REGULATORS LIFTED THE TYPE’S GROUNDING LAST NOVEMBER. Airlines have placed those jets in storage. Boeing has disclosed it has recommended that customers remove an undisclosed number of Max from service due to electrical concerns. The company declines to specify how many jets are affected. Still, the pace at which Boeing has offloaded its once 450-strong inventory of 737 Max puts the company on track to reach its goal of delivering half those jets by year end (2020). Boeing has continued manufacturing 737 Max amid much of the grounding, accumulating their undelivered inventory. In October Wheels/Brakes 2020, the Chicago-based airframer’s executives said the company aimed to deliver about half those 450 aircraft before the end of 2021, and the “majority” of the balance in 2022. Landing Gear

LIFE RETURNING TO NORMAL? SUN ‘N FUN HAS RECORD ATTENDANCE - Following last year’s cancellation due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the annual Sun ‘n Fun Aerospace Expo opened its doors to high ticket sales and sizable crowds on opening day Tuesday, April 13, 2021. Ticket sales on Day one reached $1.2 million surpassing the previous average of $900,000 in ticket sales at the opening of the exhibition. There were 385 exhibitors, a drop greater than expected, the first Aerospce Expo since the onset of COVID-19. Show organisers stated that access to the grounds was not limited by pandemic protocols. Indoor spaces such as exhibit hangars were kept to around half capacity. Sun ‘n Fun, which is the primary fundraising event for ACE, took place at Florida’s Lakeland Linder International Airport (KLAL) from April 13 through April 18. Comment from the organisers: “The world is ready for aviation events.”

SIXTY YEARS AGO ON APRIL 12, 1961, 09.07 A.M. MOSCOW TIME, SAW 27 YEAR OLD RUSSIAN COSMONAUT YURI A. GAGARIN BEING LAUNCHED INTO SPACE FROM THE (THEN) SECRET LOCATION NAMED ‘BAIKONUR’ IN KAZAKHSTAN. The historic orbit around the Earth (the first ever), achieved three FAI world records and which made a lasting impact on human space exploration. On board the spherical capsule Vostok 1, carried into space by the Vostok 8K72K carrier rocket, the lift-off was immortalised TM through Gagarin’s famous utterance, “Poyekhali!”, meaning “Let’s go!” The Vostok 1 capsule, had a payload of 4725kg, made one full orbit around the Earth at a speed of 27,400km/h, and completed the flight of 108 minutes. The Russian space vehicle, referred Shock Wheel to in the flight report as a ‘spaceship-sputnik’, used normal atmospheric air under pressure and consisted of a pilot compartment and an instrumentation compartment with the control and communication equipment as well as a brake power unit. There was no means Rough airstrips ... of steering and minimal controls except retro rockets to slow down the re-entry into the Hard landings ... atmosphere, which was controlled by a computer program. Gagarin landed as planned after ejecting from the capsule and deploying his parachute 7km above the Earth. He landed in the village of Smelovka in Russia’s Saratov region. • Flight duration (1h48m) • Altitude (327km) • Mass lifted to this altitude Raise the bar of safety (4725kg). Gagarin’s experience gave him a unique perspective of Earth from space. He reported: “I could clearly distinguish big mountain ranges, big rivers, large forests, coastlines and islands… The stars were somewhat brighter against (the) black background. The Earth had a And increase the life of you tow-plane very distinct and pretty blue halo… It was a magnificent picture.” This momentous journey had a huge impact on humanity. Further manned space missions followed in quick succession, leading to huge advances in human space exploration in the following decades. Gagarin’s flight led to the foundation of the FAI Astronautic Records Commission (ICARE) under which his records were ratified. ICARE continues to appraise and administer spaceflight records to this day. Gagarin won three FAI awards for his outstanding contribution to aviation: the FAI Gold Air Medal, the FAI Gold Space Medal and the De La Vaulx Medal. In 1968, following Gagarin’s death in a tragic training flight accident, Wheel / Brake Kit for : the FAI established the Yuri A. Gagarin Gold Medal, awarded annually to the space pilot who in the previous year accomplished the greatest achievement in Man’s conquest of Space. The most recent winner was astronaut Tim Peake (GBR). LS4 - ASW20 ALL IS NOT LOST - The funding scheme launched October 2020 by the U.K. Department for Transport (DfT) has made available additional Discus/Ventus 2A -Duo Discus - Arcus funding to encourage the adoption of Electronic Conspicuity (EC) within the UK’s General Aviation (GA) and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) communities. The U.K.’s CAA is distributing the funds via a rebate scheme. It has been announced that the scheme will remain open HPH 304S - Lak 17A / Minilak to applications through to September 30, 2021. Those qualifying can claim a 50% rebate of the purchase cost of an EC device to a maximum of £250.00 (including VAT), per applicant. Estimates quoted expect that 4,000 rebates will be available from the April 1, 2021. The previous Jonker - Pegase deadline for applications (February 28) has been replaced by the new date, September 30. H201 Libelle - Swift

NEW I.G.C. APPROVED FLIGHT RECORDEDR APPROVED - The Fenix FR by RC Electronics (on April 20, 2021), a Slovenian company. There are now 61 main types of IGC-approved Flight Recorders, and the number increases to 77 when different models within main types are Upgrade your safety - Save weight added. The main table of all IGC-approvals and individual IGC-approval documents can be downloaded from either the GFAC or FAI/IGC web sites together with other information on IGC-approved Flight Recorders. • Tubeless wheel • Powerful brakes REMOTE ATC BEGINS AT LONDON CITY AIRPORT London City Airport this week became the first significant international airport where • Anti-skid traffic is fully managed from a remote digital air traffic control tower. Landings and takeoffs are now overseen from the air traffic control centre operated by air navigation service provider NATS at Swanwick on the south coast of England, which is 72 miles from the airport. • Easy maintenance NATS controllers receive live video and audio feeds from the airport, with 16 high-definition cameras and sensors mounted on a 164-foot- high digital control tower providing a 360-degree view. These feeds are relayed via secure fibre networks to the Swanwick facility, where they are displayed on 14 high-definition screens. This technology was developed by Saab Digital Air Traffic Solutions. Video images can be BERINGER AERO Headquarters : overlaid with digital data about real-time operations to provide controllers with a so-called “enhanced reality” perspective. The combined [email protected] visual display can include information such as call signs, altitude, and speed for aircraft approaching and departing London City, as well as weather readings and any tracked moving objects. The on-site cameras have a pan-tilt-zoom feature that allows controllers to magnify NZ Dealers on : www.beringer-aero.com images up to 30 times for closer inspection. London City’s digital control tower was installed in 2019 and the remote control process has been extensively tested since then. Agreements : Quality and Performance since 1985 EASA Part21G / APDOA

42 Gliding International May 2021 43 SALINAS – THE CALIFORNIA INTERNATIONAL AIRSHOW, SALINAS IS NOW SCHEDULED TO RE-OPEN IN OCTOBER 2021 after being ROLLS-ROYCE BEGINS BUILDING ULTRAFAN DEMONSTRATOR - grounded last year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. “We always apply for the military jet teams in July so we applied in 2020 for the 2021 Rolls-Royce has started manufacturing fan blades for its UltraFan season,” said Harry Wardwell, the Salinas Airshow executive director. They have been selected for Oct. 30-31 by the Thunderbirds, the Air demonstrator engine in Bristol, U.K. According to Rolls-Royce, the Force Air Demonstration Squadron. Tickets will be available starting May 17 at https://salinasairshow.com/. The last Salinas Airshow was composite blades are the largest in the world with a diameter of 140 held in March 2019, but the 2021 event, the 40th rendition of the show, could still face setbacks. Their biggest concern for the Airshow inches. The company says the UltraFan engine will offer a 25 percent is the ongoing pandemic. “We’ve got our fingers crossed and we’re cautiously optimistic that we will be able to hold the 40th air show,” reduction in fuel and emissions along with reducing weight by 700 said Harry Wardwell, the Salinas Airshow executive director. “There are a lot of supporters, volunteers and charities that are all hoping to kilograms (about 1543 pounds) compared to first-generation Rolls-Royce pull it off.” The Salinas Airshow is held outdoors at the Salinas Municipal Airport, affording event organisers plenty of space to work within Trent engines. “This is the decade of UltraFan and it’s exciting to enter COVID-19 health and safety guidelines. Established in 1981, it is one of the most highly regarded civilian air shows in the country while the 2020s with the start of production of the demonstrator engine,” generating over $8 million for local charities. With a legion of community volunteers and service groups, the Airshow has drawn 50,000 said Rolls-Royce President of Civil Aerospace, Chris Cholerton. “We spectators annually, with more than 100 aircraft, exhibits and displays. Wardwell has been working with the Salinas Airshow for 23 years. have got all the building blocks in place, the design, the technologies, He first served as director in the early 1990s, retired for a few years, then came back in 2018 with an eye toward staying on for the 40th a brand-new testbed, and now we are actually seeing the engine come Airshow. The event, which has a budget of between $800,000 and $1.2 million, also directly and indirectly benefits the local economy together.” The UltraFan is scalable from 25,000 pounds up to 100,000 pumping about $4 million every year into coffers through different avenues. “Fortunately we were successful in 2018 and 2019 and built pounds and features a new engine core architecture, advanced ceramic up reserves that enabled us to ride out this (2020) period,” said Wardwell. “In 2019, the airshow generated approximately $180,000 for matrix composites and a “geared design to maximise high-thrust, high- charity.” “We all need something like that right now,” said Wardwell. bypass ratio engine efficiency.” Rolls-Royce plans to start ground testing the engine in 2021 and is looking to make it commercially available by the end of the decade. UAVIONIX HAVE RELEASED DETAILS ON THEIR PING200X WHICH IS THE THE MINUTES OF THE I.G.C. EXECUTIVE MEETING, APRIL 13, SHOW A RESPONSIBLE (NEW) ATTITUDE toward the development of WORLD’S FIRST FAA TSO CERTIFIED DRONE TRANSPONDER. (Question: our sport. Youth glide and electric gliders are amongst topics receiving attention. This is contrary to the former president’s repeated does this unit have the possibility of being an inexpensive unit for sailplanes?) declarations that I.G.C. is only responsible for maintaining the competition scene. Congratulations I.G.C. president Peter Ericksen - you are This mode S ADS-B OUT Transponder for UAS, has received Technical a breath of fresh air! See the minutes at < https://www.fai.org/sites/default/files/igcbureau_210413_highlights.pdf> to catch up. (As a Standard Order (TSO) certification from the FAA and is the result of their suggestion - it would be a major help in bringing new club members up to date if youre desisted from identifying various topics with just groundbreaking research. The transponder is small in size with a minimal their capital letters. Would make the minutes more readable, (more understandable). After all we have a need to build up a list of projected weight of just 50 grams. Ping200X is certified for use on civil and defense likey future executive replacements. Age is catching up with club/IGC executives as we write. manned and unmanned aircraft delivering 200 watts of transmit power while only drawing an average of 1.5 watts from the aircraft’s power supply. Its MEET MEAZOR, AN ADVANCED MEASURING TOOL THAT CAN MEASURE DISTANCES, profile enables longer flight times and larger payloads with minimal energy SCAN FLOOR PLANS, MAPS, CALCULATE ANGLES, convert measurements between consumption. When paired with truFYX, uAvionix’s SBAS GPS, ping200X meets imperial and metric systems, and can even scale up or down your measurements. In the requirements of global controlled airspace, delivering safe separation short, this tiny device replaces your measuring tape, laser measuring gun, spirit-level, information to Air Traffic Control (ATC), Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems protractor, and even your scale/ruler… and it’s about as small as a burner phone. The (TCAS), and Detect and Avoid (DAA) systems. The FAA’s recent ruling on tiny measuring device comes with a design and form factor that’s highly reminiscent remote identification for UAVs establishes that Part 21 certificated aircraft must be equipped with a Remote ID device and/or ADS-B OUT of the rather iconic Motorola Aura from 2008. Its distinctly familiar design aside, the Transponder for legal operations. Additionally, the FAA’s Concept of Operations for Upper-Class E Traffic Management (ETM) includes ADS-B MEAZOR is an incredibly powerful measuring device, capable of accurately scanning and Mode S Transponders as key technologies enabling coordination in the upper atmosphere. floor plans, measuring small and large distances (even on curved paths), working as a contour gauge, and saving all your metrics to your phone. Its curved design sports Ping 200X integrates and combines a Mode S Transponder, ADS-B OUT, and an altitude encoder certified to the following TSOs: • TSO- a wheel on one side (that lets you measure distances by rolling on surfaces), and a C112e (Mode S Transponder) • TSO-C166b (ADS-B OUT Extended Squitter) • TSO-C88b (altitude encoder) laser gauge on the other side (working as an accurate 2D scanner and laser measurer). Sitting between them is a circular multi-touch display, and a single button interface “Certified avionics ensure the systems perform to the same high standards that have allowed aviation to remain the safest form of that allows you to measure distances, save the metrics, and share them to your phone. transportation for decades,” said Christian Ramsey, President. “This is even more important for systems like transponders and ADS-B which Once the measurement/profile/2D-scan makes its way to your smartphone, you can interact with other airspace users. Regulators and ANSPs demand the design assurance and quality assurance that a TSO offers to ensure edit them, update them, convert metrics, and even share orthographic and plan drawings in popular formats. A process that requires tapes, safe separation of aircraft.” To learn more about ping200X or to request a quote, visit uAvionix.com/products/ping200X/. spirit levels, rolls of blueprint paper, and infinite amounts of patience, gets reduced to a job that can take mere seconds. At less than 4 inches in length, the MEAZOR is the smallest laser room scanner currently available. Given its size, it’s impressive how it even replaces THE WORLD’S FIRST CONSUMER-READY ASKA EVTOL IS BEING MADE practically every measuring tool from a protractor to an inch tape. Even its laser measuring gauge is accurate up to 82 feet (25 metres). On AVAILABLE TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. It’s about the size of an SUV, and the inside, a STM32 microprocessor handles all the heavy lifting, while the MEAZOR’s battery itself has a 30-day standby time. The MEAZOR can be driven around like a regular car on the roads too. It’s worth noting device ships with a Type-C charging cable, a mini-tripod (for room scans), and a small screwdriver that lets you open up and replace parts that the ASKA isn’t a concept or vaporware. The vehicle actually comes down the line. The essential MEAZOR bundle ships for $129, and you can throw in an extra $29 for replacement parts, a soft-rubber cover with certification from the FAA and EASA as a street-legal eVTOL. To make case, and a circular screen-guard, or upgrade to the expert MEAZOR bundle (for an additional $49) and get an aluminum tripod, a 32-inch the experience consumer-friendly, the ASKA even comes built with semi- extension bar, and a soft-shell EVA carrying case for your entire kit. autonomous technologies that make operating it relatively simple, although you’re expected to have pilot training before operating the vehicle. NFT LOOKING FOR A GLIDING JOB ? Australia’s Northern Territory is covid free and Alice Springs is booming! They are very busy and therefore Inc., the company behind the eVTOL (not to be confused with non-fungible again looking for AEI, L1 and L2 instructors. It is a paid position; we offer better rates than any other club in the country and have air tokens) is expecting to have the vehicle ready to deliver as soon as 2026, conditioned accommodation on site available. Powered caravan sites as well as loan vehicle available. The club wants instructors with and if you’ve got $5,000 to spare, you can place a pre-order right now while preferably around 1,000 hrs gliding experience, and cross country coaching experience. A winch rating, a form-2 rating, be available for you figure out how to make up for the remaining $784,000 it’ll cost when the around 4 weeks at a time, (longer preferred of course). Shorter periods possible around the school holidays. Alice Springs operates seven vehicle’s ready 5 years from now! It seats four people and comes with wings days a week. We run Air Experience Flights, Day courses, week courses. We coach club members and visiting pilots. Your tasks will be fun that fold right into the eVTOL’s design when you’re on the road. If you ever and variable, lots of outback flying, but also driving the winch, and doing maintenance work when needed. Call Robert 0427 368 707 or find yourself stuck in traffic and you get that common feeling of wanting to Jenny 0403 984 019 or email [email protected]. levitate and escape gridlock by flying off, the ASKA actually gives you that option. Its wings fold out sideways to reveal 6 propellers that allow the ASKA to jet off into the sky. The ASKA isn’t being pitched as some billionaire’s fantasy toy… its focus is mainly towards your GLASS RESINS/FIBRES CONTINUE TO EXPERIENCE MAJOR PRICE HIKES (April 16, 2021) AOC Resins have announced further price more-than-average customers who can afford the eVTOL’s $789,000 price tag. The eVTOL’s big enough to be parked in your garage (you’d increases of $0.10/lb for all UPR, $0.15/lb for all gel coats and up to $0.20/lb on all vinyl ester, pigment dispersions and synergistic need decent overhead clearance) or even on the street or in parking lots. It drives pretty well as a car, relying on in-wheel motors to really materials sold in the U.S., Canada, Mexico and Latin America. This increase is effective for all orders shipping on or after May 1, 2021. On give you a precise, controlled drive albeit with a top speed of 70mph. When you want to take off to the skies, the vehicle transforms both April 8, 2021, Polynt Composites have made a €250 price increase for its entire composite line product range in Europe, effective April 10, externally as well as internally. The wings fold out and propellers arrange themselves in a hexagonal fashion, while on the inside, the car 2021. The price escalation is a consequence of the production and logistical disruptions recorded in recent weeks. Meanwhile, earlier on dashboard transforms into a more information-dense flight-style cockpit with maps, gauges, and meters galore. In its flight mode, the ASKA March 22, 2021 AOC Resins announced price increases, effective for all orders shipped on or after April 2, 2021 in the U.S., Canada, Mexico can hit speeds of 150mph with an airborne range of 250 miles on a full battery charge, and even safe landing protocols built in to keep the and Latin America. • $0.07 per pound for all UPR • $0.12 per pound for all vinyl esters • $0.10 per pound for all gelcoats • $0.30 per pound passengers safe. Designer: NFT Inc. for pigment dispersions. This action is due to the ongoing and significant escalation of costs for key raw material ingredients, packaging and freight.

44 Gliding International May 2021 45 THINGS WITH WINGS BRINGING YOU UP TO DATE - WE FILL IN THE GAPS

60 YEARS AGO TODAY, (APRIL 12) Yuri Gagarin became the first human to enter outer space. A few interesting facts about that feat: He was just 27 years old. 567 people have gone to outer space since. So if 568 people have traveled to space in the last 60 years . . . how many will go in the next five? Our completely uneducated guess is ~500 additional people will go to space by 2026. QUOTE OF THE DAY - “AEROBATICS IS ANOTHER WAY TO IMPROVE YOUR OVERALL STICK AND RUDDER SKILLS.” It is a natural extension to upset training that is often encouraged by aircfaft manufacturers/insurance companies.” (From: Jack J. Pelton, EAA Chairman and CEO; a statement endorsing the establishment of a National Aerobatics Day on the 4th Saturday in June each year. “WOMEN CAN DO IT TOO” AEROBATIC AVIATION IS A DEVELOPING SPORT in Argentina with the Argentine Aerobatics Association organising its first national competition, Jenny Dillon: Argentina’s only female pilot with an aerobatic FAI Sporting Licence has forged an extraordinary career path which has helped her to become celebrated as one of her country’s very best aerobatic pilots. ARE YOU ALERGIC TO BEE-STINGS ? The FAA require a current pilot status report from any pilot using epipen. A current status report needs to include the following information: History of the condition, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment plan, Medications (name, dosage, frequency, absence/presence of side effects) Prognosis. The FAA deems “current” as anything less than 90 days old. AIR FRANCE WILLL GET $4.7 BILLION MORE IN AID FROM THE FRENCH STATE who will become Air France-KLM’s largest single shareholder (just under 30 %). The European Commission said it approved the recapitalisation aid so as to prevent the insolvency of Air France, which would have serious consequences on French employment, connectivity, and foreign trade. RESTARTING GLIDING - BRITISH GLIDING ASSOCIATION A response to the COVID19 pandemic has led to a Government ‘roadmap’ to recovery. Changes to law and guidance in England has been published that permits solo flying from March 29 and dual/instructional flying from April 12. It is important that those participating in gliding in the UK follow the relevant public health guidance. THE 11TH FAI WOMEN’S WORLD GLIDING CHAMPIONSHIP, AUGUST 13-27, 2022, Husbands Bosworth, Leicestershire, U.K. The world’s top sportswomen will compete over 14 intense days and thousands of kilometres to become World Champion. Organisers are hoping to launch 100 gliders from Day One onwards. You can share their world. See the world from a different perspective. THE BRITISH STANDARD/15m and OPEN CLASS NATIONALS DATES has been rescheduled to June 26 to July 4, 2021. The move of dates is expected to cause some inconvenience, may clash with other commitments and some competitors may not be able to compete given the new dates. (Fees paid refundable). There is a site limit in place of just 65 entrants across the three classes. POLL RESULTS (Do not use for research projects. What other hobbies do you enjoy in addition to flying? Sailing 14.97% • Power boating/ yachting 11.59% • Motorcycling 16.78% • Antique and classic cars • 10.99% • RVing 6.04% • Golfing 10.04% • Skiing 7.19% • Camping 4.83% • Other 17.57% IN CASE YOU DIDN’T KNOW In 2019 Jonker Sailplanes Pty Ltd. established the Jonker Sailplanes GmbH in Germany to expand its activities in Europe. The company is already performing European sales, purchases and other administration functions. All European sales are now made directly through JS GmbH and the customer. VERY SAD - EINAR ENEVOLDSEN (CREATOR OF THE PERLAN PROJECT) DIED APRIL 14. After suffering from cancer for some time he passed away peacefully at home surrounded by family. We have lost a very talented gliding researcher who with determination over many years set out to prove his theory that wave structures existed above 70.000 ft. We extend our sympathy too the family. FAI HAS RATIFIED THE FOLLOWING CLASS - NORTH-AMERICAN RECORDS: Open Class, Cat: General, Type: Speed ∆ course 500 km, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance:167.84 km/h,Pilot: Alan M. Polinsky (USA), (EB 29 / Binder) Date: 04.06.2020, Current record: 163,16 km/h (27.06.2015 - Alan M. Polinsky, USA) • 13.5m, Cat: General, Type of record: Speed over ∆ course 300 km, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance: 107,15 km/h Pilot: Philippe N. Rose (USA) (LAK 17 MINI FES) Date: 08.07.2020 , Previous record : none recorded • 13.5m Class Gliders, Cat: General, Type: O&R distance, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance: 653.25 km, Pilot: Philippe N. Rose (USA) (LAK 17 MINI FES), Date: 09.07.2020, Previous record: none recorded. • 13.5m Class Gliders, Cat: General, Type: Free O&R distance, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance: 653.25 km, Pilot: Philippe N. Rose (USA) (LAK 17 MINI FES), Date: 09.07.2020, Previous record: none recorded. • 13.5m Class Gliders , Cat: applicable, Type : Speed over ∆ course 300 km, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance: 107,15 km/h, Pilot: Philippe N. Rose (USA) ( LAK 17 MINI FES), Date: 08.07.2020, Previous record: none recorded. FAI WORLD RECORDS- 13.5m CLASS, Cat: General, Type of record: Speed over ∆ course 300 km, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance: 107,15 km/h Pilot: Philippe N. Rose (USA) (LAK 17 MINI FES) Date: 08.07.2020, Previous record : none recorded. • 13.5m Class, Cat: General , Type: O&R distance, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance: 653.25 km. Pilot: Philippe N. Rose (USA), (LAK 17 MINI FES) Date: 09.07.2020, Previous record : no record set yet. • 13.5m Class, Cat: General, Type: Speed over O&R course of 500 km, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance: 113.19 km/h Pilot: Philippe N. Rose (USA) ( LAK 17 MINI FES) Date: 09.07.2020, Previous record: 104,2 km/h (26.12.2016 - Mauro Brunazzo, Italy) • 13.5m Class, Cat: General, Type: Speed over ∆ course of 100 km, Location: Ely, NV (USA), Performance: 144.51 km/h, Pilot: Philippe N. Rose (USA) ( LAK 17 MINI FES) Date: 11.07.2020, Previous record: 140.50 km/h (24.11.2016 - Stefano Ghiorzo, Italy)

46 Gliding International May 2021 47 48 Gliding International