Mass Pressure Needed on School Jim Crow <•> NAACP Plans New Moves in Southern Courts t h e PUBLISHEDMILITANT ‘WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE By George Lavan The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People held a meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, June 5 Vol. XIX — No. 24 267 NEW YORK, N. Y., MONDAY, JUNE 13, 1955 PRICE: 10 Cents to plan its strategy in the fight to desegregate Southern schools. The conference was at­ tended by 55 delegates from 16 without this reaffirmation many Southern and border states. It people might think the court had was decided that legal actions .ndeed reversed its original de- would be started against school jision. Point 2 is but a corollary boards which had not made plans of Point 1. I f school segregation to begin applying the Supreme is unconstitutional then laws Court decision by the opening providing fo r such segregation Ford Settles for Semi-Annual of school next September, cannot also be constitutional. In the meantime NAACP Point 3 is small consolation. branches were urged to put the Fine sounding words like “good heat on local school boards by faith,” “ reasonable,” “ prompt,” petitioning them to begin com­ “ as soon as practicable,” etc., are plying with the high court’s rul­ the sugar coating for the bitter ing. The day before the con­ fact that the court’s ruling is Jobless Benefits Supplement ference nine Negro parents in almost impotent. Atlanta filed such a petition These words were put in to with the Atlanta school board. placate the enemies of segrega­ ted schools and to cover the “PERHAPS A CENTURY” hypocrisy of the court which Referring to a statement by ruled a year ago that segrega­ Open Letter to Foster Workers Hit the Attorney General of Georgia tion was unconstitutional and that the Supreme Court’s de­ which has now ruled, in effect, cision meant “ perhaps a century that it can continue in the Concessions of litigation,” Thurgood Mar­ South indefinitely. On Stalinist Frame-ups shall, head of the NAACP legal department, told the conference: RACIST “GOOD FAITH?” JUNE 7 — Farrell Dobbs, National Secretary of the By Reuther “It will take more litigation but What the NAACP leaders, in Socialist Workers Party, today sent an open letter to I guarantee you it won’t be 100 their forced optimism, gloss over William Z. Foster, National Chairman of the Communist By George Breitman years.” is the glaring fact . that the Party of the United States, de-®- DETROIT, June 7—Henry Marshall analyzed the court’s white-supremacist ruling class, manding that he account for his points out that either Foster Ford the Second was de­ implementation ruling in great which handpicks the local school complicity in the murderous must himself demand the release scribed as the happiest man detail, emphasizing its positive boards and the federal district frame-up campaign of the Krem­ of the frame-up victims or re­ in town yesterday. “ I feel perfect, aspects and indicating the legal judges, has been banded the de­ lin against the Yugoslav Titoists main branded a servile tool of wonderful,” he exulted a few steps that could be taken to cision and told to apply it them­ during the last seven years. the Stalinists murder machine. minutes after the announcement force the most out of it. selves. Pious admonitions to Dobbs challenged Foster to The fu ll text of the letter that the Ford Motor Co. and the The NAACP points out three these racists to act in “ good explain his support of the ex­ follows. UAW-CIO negotiating committee positive aspects in the decision. faith” are worth very little. ecutions and arrests of Tito sup­ had reached a contract agree­ (1) It reaffirms the fundamen­ The Southern ruling class and porters in the East European William Z.Foster ment. tal principle of the May 1954 its politicians have never ex­ countries in the light of Khru­ Chairman, CPUSA John Bugas, Ford’s head ne­ decision that “ racial discrimina­ ercised “ good fa ith ” as fa r as shchev’s statement in Belgrade, In your book, History of the gotiator, was also elated. “Thank tion in public education is un­ the constitutional rights of the May 26, admitting “the facts Three Internationals, which was God we could reach this historic constitutional.” (2) A ll laws, Negro people are concerned be­ show” that the charges of “ fas­ released on May Day you quote agreement without a company­ local, state and federal, contra­ fore or since the Civil War. The cist” and “imperialist agents” approvingly the Com inform wide strike,” he cried. dicting the principle of the or­ court expects (he South to apply against the Yugoslav leaders statement of November 1949 call­ Walter Reuther, UA-W presi­ iginal decision are invalid. (3) the 15th Amendment in “ good were “ fabricated.” ing Tito a “fascist.” You en­ dent, was equally delighted, The tone arid language of the faith,” Blit, the bulletsriddled Following Khrushchev’s state­ dorse the whole Stalinist frame- agreeing that it was a “historic implementing ruling indicate that corpse of Rev. George W. Lee in ment, Dobbs cabled him in Bel­ up campaign against the Tito­ agreement” and “ the largest the Supreme Court justices ex­ Belzoni, Mississippi, who fought grade June 7: ists, the purge trials in East economic package ever offered.” pect the South to begin deseg­ for the right to vote, is a token “In interest of USSR and European countries, the execu­ Carl Stellato, president of Ford regating in “good faith.” of the "good faith” to be ex­ world working class we demand tions, mass imprisonment and Local 600 and a member of the Point 1 is merely a repetition pected. you release from prisons and countless other acts of terror BRITISH STRIKERS FIRM negotiating committee, said the of the May 1954 decision’s main Similarly with the constitu­ slave-labor camps all victims of against workers and government Close-up contract represented “ more prog­ point. It is good to know the tion’s “ due process of law” this frame up.” officials accused of association ress” than any the UAW had ever court hasn’t reversed itself — (Continued on page 3) In his letter to Foster, Dobbs with Tito and his supporters. negotiated in the past. You say on page 496, “ Tito’s DESPITE TORY THREATS Of Oakland -defection had- more dangerous REACTIONS implications than swinging Yu­ JUNE 8 — Unmoved by government threats or thè SWP Campaign But these sentiments were not goslavia out of the peace camp. howling Big Business press, British rail strikers remained shared by the Ford Rouge work­ It was nothing short of an at­ out solidly for the eleventh day. So it was too with striking------By Farrell Dobbs----- ers who gathered outside Gate 4 How East German Uprising tempt to sever the relations be­ longshoremen, who fo r 16 days-®— National Secretary at noon yesterday, 15,000 strong, tween all the People’s Democra­ -have tied up numerous pouts in week engine cleaners get $18.62, Socialist Workers Party to hear Stellato’s report on the cies and the USSR and to lead their .struggle for union' recogni­ firemen and assistant motor,men [Farrell Dobbs, National Sec­ negotiations which had finished the former into the imperialist tion. Now the strike movement gelt $22.96, and engineers get retary of the Socialist Workers just a few minutes earlier, and Echoed in Stalin’s Prisons camp. This was brought out in has spread to the crews of $27.30. Long hours of overtime Party, recently completed a na­ to learn whether or not there the trials of Rajk, Kostov, and passenger liners who are demand­ are necessary to meet the in­ tional tour during which we pub­ would be a strike. (Virtually all (*)They fear a war as much as our By Brigitte Gerland ®- others in Budapest and Sofia in ing better living and working creased cost of living. lished his on-the-spot reports the other Ford plants in the coun­ June 17, 1953. A radiant sum­ superiors,” the youngest soldier 1949.” (My emphasis) conditions aboard ship. Nearly 20,000 longshoremen and analyses of the economic try had walked out 12 hour’s be­ mer day — even the polar wind is answered him. fore, at the midnight deadline.) Thus you explicitly support The Tory government of Sir have tied up 173 ships in London. and political situation in some warm and soft. A smile crosses the Another prisoner says, “They They listened to Stellato’s the very purge trials which Anthony Eden appears to be Hull, Liverpool and other ports. of the main industrial centers of tundra, sparkling in bright colors. •will sit on the fence and look on report on the main features of sparked the mass victimizations backing down from the fierce Ninety-five other ships are under­ the country. Comrade Dobbs is The city of Vorkuta also smiles. peacefully while the uprising is the settlement, to his praise of for “Titoism.” talk and strikebreaking plans it manned. The issue is the demand of now completing these reports in Its stooped wooden houses stretch put down, which is the best thing the negotiating committee, to his Now the whole world has been engaged .in immediately after the young National Amalgamated a number of articles.] in the sun, and the small windows, that can happen, anyway, as far plea that they ra tify the new told that the accusations against the electons. Eden asked for Stevedores & Dockers Union for at other times so grey, now as they are concerned. In cases OAKLAND — “ Discontent and contract in the vote to be held Tito were “ fabrications.” emergency powers and implied tthc rig ht to have its representa­ shower the streets with gold. like this the rulers over here and unrest run deeper today than later this month, and to his And this admission conics ffom troops would be used fo r strike­ tives handle the grievances of its We are working at the railroad the rulers over there always stand surface signs indicate. A lot of request that they go back into none other than the Secretary breaking. The Tory press launch­ members. The employers and station, raising the rails that al­ together. Take ray word for it.” of the Communist Party of the quiet thinking is going on. Most the plank And they didn’t like it. The foreman comes over to us ed a campaign to whip up popular their favorite union, Transport & ways try to sink back into the Soviet Union, Nikita S. Khru­ people are inclined to give a Not a single worker present at last, an old man with the long ‘‘indignation” against the strike, Genera] Workers, bitterly oppose muddy marshground. The loud­ shchev! socialist candidate an attentive could be heard expressing agree­ grey beard of a muzhik. which it was claimed, would this. speaker blares the usual march What do you say n o w ? If, as hearing even though socialist ment with Stellato’s glowing “ What’s wrong?” he asks. “ Is wreck British prosperity. ' The Great Britain may well be on music at the usual volume. Then Khrushchev admits, there was ideas may be new to them.” estimate of the new contract. it war?” British public, which in its ma­ the verge of a great strike move­ comes the news. We listen with a frame-up against Tito, what That is how Lillian, Kiezel, Some expressed their dissatisfac­ “ No, but if is revolution . . . jo rity is working class, refused, ment in which the working class -only half an ear. Suddenly we let of the thousands of victims who Socialist Workers Party candi­ tion by booing sections of his talk. uprising . . . workers’ uprising in however, to get “ indignant” at will turn to economic struggle to ■pick and shovel fa ll and crowd are now in prison — and what date for Councilman-at-large The skilled workers were loudest East Germany .. . strike . .. revo­ the strikers. raise the low wage scales that around the wooden pole on which of those who were executed as summed up her experience in the in voicing their discontent. But lution.” prevail. Many observers believe the loudspeaker is suspended as “ fascists?” And, yes, what of AGREE TO PARLEY recent local elections. She made they were in a minority. “ Bm,” says the old man that the workers, disappointed by i f it were a speared flying saucer. j’our complicity in these frame- these remarks as we toured Oak­ A t the. same time there was no thoughtfully. “ The Germans have This failure to arouse public the lack of program of the rig ht­ What was that? Is it possible? ups and murders? opinion against the rail strikers land and its suburbs to view the enthusiasm among the majority. Surely we didn’t bear right. cornered the devil. They w ill now wing-led Labor Party, have turned This meeting wasn’t, at all like Don’t you owe the working added to the adamant stand of temporarily from political to eco­ social and industrial setting in But wait. There it is again! BRIGITTE GERLAND, find a way to get rid of the the larger one held at the same class of the United States an the Amalgamated Society of nomic struggle. Another powerful which the election campaign took Uprising in Berlin — in East author of this article on the occupation. They are not as long- spot last "Wednesday, when the explanation on this score? Locomotive Engineers and Fire­ element in the current strike place. Berlin. These unbelievable, stir­ 2nd anniversary of the East suffering as we. They won’t take workei-s had cheered Stellato’s everything lying down. But we, The Daily Worker has echoed men caused British Big Business movement, is the desire of the Production is widely diversified ring words are woven into a long Germany uprising, is a German Khrushchev’s claim that the and its Prime Minister to change here, ranging from shipbuilding promise to keep fighting for their fantastic story about American wc are a dark people.” British workers to replace the demands and to call a strike writer who joined the Com­ frame-up of the Titoists was the their tune. Previously the Minis­ and auto assembling to cotton agents, who marched with fascist “ That’s all rot,” my friend antiquated structure of their yesterday if a satisfactory settle­ munist Party in the Soviet result of the evil deeds of La- try of Labor and the British spinning and food canning. In ­ bands on East Berlin, there to Svetlana retorts firmly. “Think a bureaucratized unions with a ment wasn’t readied by then. Zone, became disillusioned with vrentia Beria, former head of Transport Commission had re­ dustrial expansion during and stage an uprising. The people bit. A fter all, we were the ones militant, democratic form of Those who didn’t boo Stellato Stalinism and was sentenced by the Secret Police, now executed. fused to talk with (he ASLEF since World War I I has attract­ naturally oppose it and are who made the greatest revolution unionism. This is a main issue said, “ What could you expect?” Moscow’s secret political police According to Khrushchev, “ma­ until the men had returned to ed many workers to the city, protesting. of all, not the Germans, although in the dockers’ strike. or “ It’s the best you could expect.” to 15 years imprisonment on a terials were fabricated” by Ber­ work, now they have agreed to swelling the population toward framc-up charge of being a they had all the advantages.” This was not meant as praise of FINDING THE TRL'l'H ia, “ materials on which had been negotiate while the strike goes half a million. Among those com­ “ Brilish spy.” After eight years “ And we were the ones who lost the contract, hut as criticism of based the serious accusations on- Drug addicts in the U.S. were ing here arp Negroes, mainly So confused, mixed up and un­ in Stalin’s prison camps, she the greatest revolution of all,” the company for its stubborn and offenses directed at the time The highly skilled rail strikers estimated at 60,000, or about one from Oklahoma and Texas, who believable is the whole a ffa ir that was released in December 1953. bitterly laughs the soldier from refusal to grant their demands, I can’t think what to make of it. Moscow. against leadeis of Yugoslavia.” are demanding wage increases of person in every 3,000, by a U.S. have arrived in such numbers or as criticism of the union leader­ that the Negro m inority now But my Russian comrades cut We leave aside fo r the mo- 21 to 77 cents a week. They are Narcotics Commissioner tcslify- ship for not, fighting hard enough, through the mass of lies and mis­ in Berlin and served a long time WILL HELP COME? (Continued on page 3) p itifully underpaid: for a 40-hour ing before a Senate committee. (Continued on page 4) or both. leading statements with atmazing n the occupation army, shakes his I feel that the debate w ill now acuteness. Out of a few meager head. “ As long as the armies are get lost as always in endless “ 3 IS BETTER THAN 5“ bits of truth they put together a there, they can’t do anything in wrangling around the old ques­ A minority of the workers mosaic that ends in a picture cor­ Germany — either in the East or tion: Why, why,’did it all end up present, mainly the skilled work­ responding fu lly to the facts. the West. Without arms, against this way? Why was the revolu­ Court Falls to Act on "Faceless Informers” ers, were plainly angry and A workers’ rising against the tanks and machine guns, that’s tion lost, betrayed ? But I don’t rebellious. Among the others, the bureaucracy. Spontaneous, not or­ simply madness! I am sorry only believe that we have time now to The U.S. Supreme Court con­ tions by Order 9835. However, president’s knowledge or consent. in our public life. We deal here predominant, sentiment at yester­ ganized, and yet the mightiest fo r our poor youngster:;. They w ill go back to the past, and before tinued its cautious chipping away ^aid the court, its Regulation 14 Justices William O. Douglas with the reputation of men and day’s meeting seemed to be demonstration against occupation be sent, out and w ill have to shoot anyone else can cut in ahead of at the witch hunt by deciding on — allowing the Review Board to and Hugo Black, although voting their right to work — things relief. Relief that, the company regimes in East and West. This is when ordered, whether they want me, I say quickly: “ Now every­ June 6 that I)r. John P. Peters, re-hear a case where lower with the majority, gave vigorous more precious than property had withdrawn its original de­ what the first “ Vorkuta Com­ to or not..” Sighing he sits down thing depends on how West Ger­ Yale medical professor, had been loyalty boards had cleared the separate opinions in which they itself. . . The practice of using mands to woi-sen the contract, mentator” declares, cutting on the grass and rolls a cigarette many w ill react. They ought to illegally fired from a government accused — contradicted Order took the court to task for dodging faceless informers has apparently which had roused their bitterness through the mounting heap of out of a scrap of newspaper and declare a general strike today. post on disloyalty charges. While 9835. the constitutional issue. Douglas spread through a vast domain. It when publicized last month. fantastic, treacherous and unbe­ tobacco crumbs. Otherwise the East German (he decision was a setback for the The liberal professor, who said: “ Dr. Peters was condemned is used not only to get rid of em­ Relief that they had obtained “ the lievable official commentaries. uprising will lose out and a big loyalty purgers, the court dodged worked for the Public Health by faceless informers, some of ployes in the government, but best, you could expect” without a "THEY WON’T SHOOT” We are not t.o be budged the opporfunity w ill be missed.” the main constitutional issue of Service only a few days a year whom were not known even to also employes who work for strike. Relief that the tension whole day long from our station “ Well, who has the weapons, Everyone immediately tackles the case, namely, the govern­ as consultant (and was paid by the board that condemned him. private firms having contracts and uncertainty about a. strike under the loudspeaker, and after when you get right down to it,” a this question. ment’s use of secret informers in the day), had twice been cleared Some of these informers were not with the government.” had apparently ended. And relief a while our three soldier guards prisoner responds, “ the youngsters “ But the general strike has al­ its kangaroo-court loyalty hear­ by lower loyalty boards before even under oath. None of them Justice Black went even further, most of all that there would not came to find out what’s new. or the generals? I tell you they ready been declared. They are ings. the Review Board in 1953 branded had to submit to cross-examina­ questioning the constitutionality be another union-strangling five- “Do the ‘Amis’ want to start a won’t shoot. Definitely not. After going to strike until all occupa­ By 7-to-2 however, the high him a security risk. Although the tion. None had to face Dr. Peters. of any sort of political blacklist year contract, expressed by the war?” one of them asks. all, they’ll see that these are tion forces are withdrawn,” says court decided to clear Prof. Peters federal witch hunter’s -have been So far as we oit the board know, and purge system. He wrote: “ 1 widely repeated remark, “ Well, “Nonsense. Uprising in East workers, who fight for no other an enthusiatic voice. “ After all, on a technicality. This was the following this procedure since they may be psdfchopaths or venal also doubt that the Congress three is better than five.” Germany. A workers’ uprising. ¡reason than becatise they want in West Germany they have their finding that the Loyalty Review 1947, and although Eisenhower’s people, like 'Bftus Oales, who could delegate power to do what Few workers obeyed Stellato’s Maybe the beginning of a great the right to live as men.” big working class organizations. Board had exceeded its authority Executive Order 10450 (supersed­ revel in being informers. They the president has attempted to request to go back to work. Some revolution.” “ And what i f the Americans What good are they if they can’t under Truman’s Executive Order ing Truman’s 9835) approved re­ may bear old grudges. . . do in the Executive Order under who had counted on a strike went Two of the soldiers are not yet should use this opportunity to take leadership in such a decisive 9835 (which set up the subversive opening cases of cleared victims, “ Confrontation and cross - ex­ consideration here. And of course off to their ears, saying, “ Not 17. They listen, eyes round and march into East Germany?” says moment?” list and purge). The Loyalty the Supreme Court pretended to amination under oath are essen­ the Constitution does not confer today.” Some went into the .plant, amazed. But the third, a worker’s the soldier hesitatingly. I must dampen this feeling of Review Board was set up and believe that the Loyalty Review tial, if the American ideal of due lawmaking power on the presi­ but not all of them stayed there. son from Moscow, who had fought “ Wily should they march in ? (Continued on page 3) empowered to promulgate regula­ Board had acted without the process is to remain a vital force dent.” (Continued on page 2) Page Tw o THE MILITANT Monday, June 13, 19S8

20 YEARS OF THE CIO — V I ------______The CIO's Political Coalition with Roosevelt By Art Preis by a two-hour "strike” — "the I bilized their forces for a defen­ jeers and boos from the massed leaders had traditionally opposed strength as a means of winning pendent political action. “ We Party in 1936. He resigned and The Committee for Industrial third department in Goodyear sive battle. The CIO had sent pickets. One of the deputies political organization of the the “ good w ill” of the Roosevelt have had a policy, which was joined the Roosevelt camp. Ben­ Organization remained formally that sat down at work while a them financial aid and voiced suddenly clutched his stomach workers and had merely made administration and bargaining not to endorse either of the two jamin Stolberg, in Tailor’s Pro­ within the structure of the AFL delegation went to management” its support. This was a tre­ and became violently il£ The personal pronouncements in fa ­ for small concessions through .political parties, and that if we gress, a history of the ILGWU until March 1937. Then the A FL to demand restoration of wage1 mendous inspiration to the strikers, with their magnificent vor of candidates fo r public o f­ government intervention on behalf took a position it should be and its president Dubinsky, re­ Executive Council ordered ex­ rates. ' Management gave in. strikers in this first great bat­ demonstration of militancy and fice, the CIO rig ht from the of labor. Their politics was a along Socialist lines,” he admit­ lates that the garment workers pulsion of all CTO unions from This is the earliest reported tle under the CIO banner. The determination, had carried the start sought to organize the device not to advance the inde­ ted to his General Executive would not register “ en masse” city and state federations. A CIO-inspired “ sit-down” strike — Feb. 29, 1936, M ilitant reports day.” workers politically. pendent class power of the work­ ‘Board in late April, 1936. “ The in the Democratic Party and that CIO constitutional convention the tactic that was to become the climatic moment of the The settlement of the five- But the CIO leaders were not ers but to “ get in good” with position of our organization is this led Dubinsky to conceive of was not held until October 1938, inseparably associated with the strike: week Goodyear strike also re­ motivated by belief in class the reigning capitalist political known: that we are for a labor the device of “ fusion" to corral when its permanent name, the heroic rise of the CIO. “ As the zero-hour neared, hun­ vealed the weak side and lim ita­ politics. On the contrary, they machine and solicit favors from party. We are today bound . . . the garment workers’ votes. Stol­ Congress of Industrial Organi­ The Firestone workers on Jan. dreds of pickets packed into the tions of the CIO leaders. They hoped to use the workers’ voting it. to help bring about a labor or berg writes: zations, was adopted. But the 28, 1936, decided to use the strike headquarters across from persuaded the strikers to accept farmer-labor party —■ what is “In New York, where the split was definitive, in fact, same tactic. Some 2,500 of them the struck plant. Thousands a vaguely-phrased compromise commonly known as independent great majority of them [gar­ from the start. The CIO pro­ “ sat down” to force the rehiring more took the streets in front settlement put forward by a How LNPL and ALP Were Formed political action. But in the last ment workers] live, they were of a fired unionist. This time of the picket posts. Each picket Roosevelt administration media­ two years things have happened ceeded at once to its own inde­ In Roosevelt’s fourth year of Labor’s Non-Partisan League used to the device of fusion, they stayed overnight — several was well provided w ith ‘fire tor. . . . since the coming of the pendent activity and organiza­ office, at the May 1936 Amalga­ was represented, at the time of which cuts across all parties. nights, in fact. After first re­ wood.' Up the hill mai'ched the Roosevelt Administration. We tion. For the most part, it ig­ Contrary to the popular be­ mated Clothing Workers Conven­ its formation, as a broad step Mayor La Guardia had shown fusing to meet with a union forces of law and order. Grimly have participated in making the nored the warnings, threats, lief, the CIO leaders did not tion, Sidney Hillman complained in the direction of independent what could be done by mixing all committee, the company finally the strikers waited. The cops labor policy of the Administra­ summonses, suspensions a n d differ essentially from the AFL that less than 15% of the work­ labor political action. Its main sorts of political factions in the capitulated. The union won v ir­ in the lead, the strikebreakers tion.” curses of the AFL leaders. craft leaders in considering ers were organized that “ the purpose, however, was just the name of roaring progress. Du­ tually all its demands. Sponta­ marched closer and closer to the In the Nov. 16, 1935, Militant strikes only as a “last resort.” mass production industries have opposite. It was created to be a The labor leaders had partici­ binsky and other New Deal la­ neous sit-downs began to sweep massed rubber workers. The line —the same issue which told of They were not “strike-minded.” gone back to long hours and bridge back from independent pated merely as back-door beg­ bor leaders decided to combine through all the rubber plants. refused to budge. Finally, Police the "deep split” within the AFL Indeed, the firs t year of the wage-cutting, while we still political action for hundreds of gars at the White House whin­ those trade union and ‘good Chief Boss halted his men a few and the formation of the CIO — A full-scale strike of 15,000 CIO saw a sharp decline in the have ten or twelve million thousands of unionists who then ing fo r crumbs. Their simplest government’ forces which had feet from the taut strikers. another great and related event Goodyear workers developed, number of strikers. From a high, people unemployed.” Never­ customarily voted Socialist or requests had been rejected, as in been the backbone of the fusion Nervously he looked the situa­ was described. A story from with mass pickefing. On Feb. of 1,467,000 in 1934, the number theless, to the CIO leaders Communist or were clamoring the case of the company union movement in New York into a tion over. He was outstared. Akron, dated Nov. 11, reported 25, the company officials and of strikers fell to 789,000 in “ everything now turned on the at the time for a Labor Party. clauses in the NRA codes. labor party. They felt that the that all workers in the truck city authorities determined on a “ Breaking down, he cried out, 1936. re-election of Roosevelt in 1936.” This was particularly true in the Announcement on April 2, socialist traditions of the work­ tire department of the Goodyear show of violence to smash the T ve never led* anyone into a What preoccupied the minds (Sidney Hillm an: Statesman of key state of New York, where 1936, of the formation of the ers could thus be canalized into plant had protested a wage cut strike. The local unionists mo- goddam slaughterhouse, and I’m of the CIO leaders was politics. American Labor, by Matthew the great majority of workers LNPL was followed on July 16, support of the New Deal, which not going to now.’ The cops They didn’t rush out to organize Josephson.) in the garment industry had 1936, by the formation of the would give them a good deal of broke ranks, the deputies marched strikes. Their first big moves In February 1936, to the great traditionally opposed the capital­ American Labor Party as a New political power. The American down the hill again, to the were to mobilize the workers for consternation of the CIO lead­ ist parties. York slate affiliate of LNPL. Labor Party was to be the accompaniment of tremendous political action. Where the AFL ers, A F L Teamsters chief, Dan­ Dubinsky and Hillman espe­ “ The thought was to channel strangest of all animals — a Economics, Politics iel J. Tobin, one of the most cially needed the LN’PL and even the ‘regular’ Socialists into the non-partisan political party.” powerful opponents of the CIO a separate American Labor Roosevelt camp,” writes Joseph­ Dubinsky’s biographer farther Clear Tested Vaccine faction, was appointed to head Party as a means fo r channeliz­ son. In addition to Dubinsky, relates that when the Stalinists the National Labor Committee ing the votes of their union Hillman and Alex Rose of the had gained considerable power And W. Reuther of the Democratic Party. members into the Roosevelt Millinery Workers, the founders in the ALP, “ one of the reasons of the ALP included such con­ the right-wingers continued to benefits that border on the Lewis, Hillman, Dubinsky and stream. Hillm an’s biographer By George Breitman servative unionists as Joseph P. stay in the ALP was that the starvation level. their colleagues feared that the Josephson has described the DETROIT, June 7 — The May Ryan, who was to have himself New Deal wanted them there. Instead of FIGHTING the em­ AFL was getting the “ in” with game: issue of Voice of Local 212, the Roosevelt. The President, of “ For Hillman the firs t and voted “ lifetim e” president of the Without them there could have big UAW local that is led by sup­ ployers and their government to been no ALP and the politicians raise jobless benefits, Reuther’s course, did play the A F L against most important task was to International Longshoremen’s As­ porters of Walter Reuther, printed the CIO, a policy he was to pur­ ‘sell’ the idea to his own union sociation, George Meany, then in the New Deal needed such a an article that is particularly in­ strategy is to .pressure them into party in New-'York State.” collaborating with the union lead­ sue through his entire adminis­ people . . . Many of the union head of the N. Y. State Federa­ teresting in the light of the Ford tration. But this hastened Lewis members, especially in New York tion of Labor, as well as the , The history of the CIO was settlement negotiated since the ers hi persuading the government to raise them. To do this, he has and Hillman to “ cook up,” as and Chicago, had grown up in right-wing of the Socialist Par­ to constantly appear as an admix­ article appeared. to suppress the militancy of the Hillman later expressed it, La­ the tradition of supporting the ty. The new party “ also enjoyed ture of two elements. On the The article reports a recent workers -and give up the fight bor’s Non-Partisan League to Socialist Party, at least locally, tlie support of Governor Herbert one hand, mass organization of discussion with a visiting Swedish against speedup in the plants. mobilize labor votes fo r Roose­ and shunning our Tammany Lehman, A. A. Berle, and Mayor the industrial workers was to trade unionist about differences And that’s only one of the fatal velt. Halls. What Hillman advocated La Guardia — all in a remark­ lead to titanic strike battles, between European and U.S. union flaws in his strategy. Lewis, who many years later now was a distinctly opportunis­ able amalgamation of A F L and most often initiated by the mili­ Strategy and methods. The Swede Providing unemployment com­ admitted that he had had doubts tic approach. The new League, CIO unionists, as well as Repub­ tant ranks despite the leader­ is quoted as saying: pensation is, as the Swede noted, and suspicions of Roosevelt as unlike La Follette’s Progressive lican Fusionists, New Deal Dem­ ship. On the other, the workers "The UAW uses economic action traditionally a responsibility of fa r back as the beginning of Party of 1924, was to function ocrats and Socialists,” com­ were to be cheated of many to get political results. . . As soon the state — a political problem. NRA in 1933, nevertheless pro­ mainly through one of the two ments Josephson. He leaves out gains they m ight have won be­ as you got pensions (in UAW Why does Reuther have to work claimed in 1936 that “ labor has major parties, and particularly one other ally — the Stalinists. cause of the intei-vention of the contracts), the employers put out such an elaborate, com­ gained more under President the Democratic Party, in order They, too, joined the unholy al­ government which had the back­ pressure on the government to plicated, roundabout method of Roosevelt than under any presi­ to ensure Roosevelt’s re-election. liance and played a decisive ing of the CIO leaders them­ raise social security because pen­ achieving a political result? dent in memory. Obviously it is Some left-wing unionists had part in this “ People’s Front” for selves. Unwilling to “embarrass” sions were tied in with social Because his POLITICAL policy the duty of labor to support their doubts about*Roosevelt . . . the betrayal of labor’s indepen­ the Democratic administratiqns, security. Employei-s fe lt that if is bankrupt. Roosevelt 100 per cent.” He did As an ‘honest broker* in politics dent political action program. forced by the very fact of their social security was raised they On coming to power in this not say that more company he often gave the effect of fac­ It should be noted that AFL political alliance to cover up the would not have to pay so much in country, a Labor Party, even one unions had been organized, more ing both ways, especially on the leaders who could not stomach anti-labor acts of the New Deal pensions.” that was no more radical than the workers killed, wounded and company union issue. Moreover, the CIO as an organizer of the and Fair Deal regimes, the CIO Similarly, says the Swede, with Swedish or British types, would jailed, more troops called out in the Democratic Party’s South­ unorganized industrial workers leaders kept one arm of tha the guarahteed annual wage. almost automatically raise unem­ against strikers under Roosevelt ern stronghold CIO organizers could join w ith it in a “ non­ CIO — its political arm — tied When the UAW gets it, "Then the ployment benefits three or femur than under any president in were still welcomed by armed partisan” body to harness the behind its back. Reliance o ff We employers w ill use their influence times the §9 weekly average U.S. Surgeon General Leonard A. Schede (I.) and Dr. memory. He did not tell how mobs of vigilantes or Klansmen workers to capitalist politics for capitalist government and on to have the government raise un­ Reuther’s strategy has brought Jonas Salk, discoverer of polio vaccine, are shown leaving a Roosevelt had strengthened the . . .” (original emphasis.) the re-election of the “ New one of its major political wings employment compensation. So you to a small percentage of the meeting in Washington. Dr. Scheele' announced all vaccine, big banks and industrial cor­ Hillman, of course, did not tell Deal” President. crippled the CIO. That is what see, through economic action you workers. The mere formation of except two lots from Cutter Laboratories, “ has been found porations and helped to tighten his membership that he was pro­ Dubinsky, one of the key spon­ really caused its early, and not will get political results.” a Labor Party would probably safe.” Profit motive and lack of government control created the stranglehold of the monopo­ posing to completely abandon sors of the ALP, had actually unrealizable, dream of 25 m il­ scare the capitalist parties into danger of unsafe vaccines and delay in vaccine program. lies on the American economy. their traditional policy of inde­ been a member of the Socialist lion members to be shattered. "REUTHER IS SMART?” granting jobless benefit raises Asked what was wrong with twice §9. that, he replied: OPPOSES LABOR PARTY "Nothing is wrong with it; it shows Walter Reuther is sm art... But Reuther is opposed to a Labor Party. He wants to keep ... Ford Pact: 6-Month Jobless Pay Supplement This plan w ill pinch the employ­ the workers tied to the capitalist er’s pocketbook. So the employer (Continued from page 1) now to believe that this offer said, “ I hope our relations con­ system, and to the capitalist a wife and two children whose the workers — such as the fight if it proves unsuccessful in win­ w ill help organized labor to fight wasn’t seriously meant in the first straight time earnings excluding tinue as smoothly in the future Democratic Party. The Democrats The press reported that fewer for a shorter work week. ning their objectives, shows fo r more unemployment bene­ place; Ford apparently put it bonuses, are $90 a week would as they have until now." are glad to have Reuther’s sup­ than 5,000 of the 30,000 day-shift Ford took Reuther at has word something of what might be fits. . . You use economic action forward partly as a feeler and draw from the fund nothing for If Reuther is able to get a port but nobody notices them, workers returned to work yester­ when he insisted that his main in­ possible with a better, more con­ to get political results. In Europe partly to make some cheap propa- similar deal from General Motors when they are in power, doing day afternoon. the first week of layoff, $7.72 for terest was in getting recognition sistent and more principled we get our political results gada fo r sale of the stock he w ill without a struggle, then the anything more than the Repub­ The Tool and Die unit leaders the first four weeks thereafter, of his GAW “principle.” It leadership. through our labor party. Then we soon put on the market. prospect for the immediate period licans to provide decent jobless told its members to stay out of and then $3.66 a week.” Under granted him something that could But whatever Reuther or Stel­ concentrate on economic demands ahead is probably a continuation compensation. Reuther’s political the plant. They earn 70 cents an Even this insulting offer the union plan this worker would be labeled his “ principle,” but lato do, a lot o f things can through our unions. To fight on oef the situation that prevailed policy stands as a block to getting hour below the maximum paid brought concessions from Reuther get almost $20 a week, plus com­ little more. As for the workers, happen in three years. two fronts at the same time, we under the five-year contract. That adequate jobless benefits. And it for their skill in the job shops, on his central demand — his pensation. they certainly didn’t get a guar­ think it’s better that way. . . I do is,.the UAW w ill continue to seek LESSONS TO LEARN explains why he has to try to and had demanded 30 cents an guaranteed annual wage plan to “ Ford,” continued Reuther, anteed annual wage, fo r (1) it ’s not say it is the best way fo r the “smooth relations” with the cor­ During that time the workers seek “political results” through- hour wage raise. Local 600 leaders supplement unemployment com­ “ says the size of the trust fund not a wage but a meager sup­ labor movement in your country. porations and try to keep the w ill have a further chance to roundabout “ economic action” ; denounced the walkout as unau­ pensation for a maximum of 52 was calculated on the basis of an plement .to jobless benefits; (2) i t ’s I do not know. . .” workers from getting out of hand learn that “smooth relations” be­ he simply can’t get them through thorized and ordered the tool and weeks. He immediately scaled average benefit from the fund of r:ot annual, but semi-annual at Just how “ smart” Reuther is as the corporations push the tween Bugas and Reuther mean his own pro-Democmtic political die men back to work. But they down the proposal from the $25 a week, but proposes to pay best; and (3) it's not guaranteed, can be seen from the Ford con­ speedup, «redluce the labor force rough going for the workers sub­ policy. refused, the walkout spread to equivalent of fu ll weekly pay benefits which actually average because the employer has no tract incorporating his precious responsibility beyond the trust through automation, chisel on the jected to the speedup in the The Swedish trade unionist is other skilled departments, and minus taxes to 80% of weekly only $9 a week.” GAW “ principle.” It costs the pay before taxes. And he offered fund, and can’t be held liable when contract and let grievances plants. absolutely correct when he says, today the Rouge plant was almost Reuther urged Ford to submit company five cents an hour per to lower the company’s liability that runs out, as it surely would gather moss until 1958. They w ill learn from ex­ “To fight on two fronts at the completely shut down as a result to arbitration the amount and employee and provides laid - off under the GAW from a maximum in a period of serious unemploy­ perience how little genuine same time, we think it’s better of workers not showing up or duration of benefits from the STELLATO’S ROLE workers with an average of S9 a of 16 cents an hour per employee ment. In return, the workers had “ added security” has been pro­ that way.” It’s better that way being sent home for lack of work fund. Ford, seeing how anxious week added to their unemploy­ to forego the five-cent cash wage Inside the union, Reuther’s vided by the winning of Reuther’s for Sweden, and it’s better that to do. to 12 cents. Reuther was to prevent a strike, ment compensation for a limited increase they might otherwise position is still strong. For this GAW principle. way for the United States. [On June 8, the third day of Then Ford came out with its rejected the arbitration proposal he can thank not so .much the new number of weeks. real offer last Tuesday — sub­ have got. They will feel the further ef­ The way to win gains in jobless the Ro-uge walkout, the Tool and without ceremony. contract as the fact that Steilato An average increase of $9 a stantially the present package. Other contract provisions in­ fects of automation in terms of benefits and other forms of social Die unit called off its strike and In the next two days, Reuther has hailed it as the best the union week in unemployment benefits is cluded an annual improvement layoffs; they w ill have occasion security is by COMBINED eco­ voted to conduct a campaign to From there on it was Reuibher gave in s till further. Some face- ever negotiated and has praised hardly something- to brag about. who did all the giving. First, he factor ranging between six and to remember that Bugas was nomic and political action, pro­ get the production workers to join saving changes, all trivial, were Reuther for doing “a wonderful In an unguarded moment two accepted “ the general principles 81/2 cent an hour each year of asked today, “ What about the vided that these actions are based them in voting down the new given him in return for his job" in negotiations. A principled days before he signed the Ford contract in the vote that will be contained in the company’s gen­ capitulation on the major points the contract ( it was five cents in 30-hour week?” and “jokingly” on a policy of struggle against opponent of Reutherism might answered, “ Don’t ever mention contract, Reuther said it was held on June 20 and 21. — Ed.] eral approach.” Next, he agreed still in dispute. Bugas said the the old contract); wage increases the capitalists, not an effort to have had to accept this contract, that for at least three years”; "inadequate.” I t ’s still inadequate. This contract probably was the to accept the figure of $55,000,000 final agreement had some minor of five to ten cents an hour for get their collaboration. What given the present relation of and to learn that the UAW ’s big It still leaves the workers who most that could be expected — for a company trust fund to sup­ changes but “ was basically as certain skilled workers; an ad­ American workers need is both a forces inside the UAW, but would failure in the 1955 negotiations g e t'it (and so fa r loss than 1% without a fight. Ford is rolling in plement unemployment compensa­ first presented.” The only change ditional paid holiday; and slightly Labor Party and unions following never have assumed fu ll respon­ was its muffing, at Reuther’s in­ of American union members profits and the whole package will tion, and to accept company pay­ of significance as that Ford’s pay­ improved cost-of-living escalator, a class-struggle policy ■— both sibility for it, as Steilato did. sistence, of the opportunity to are eligible) with unemployment make only a small dent in them. ment into this fund at the rate of ment to the fund w ill be five pension, vacation and insurance fighting to provide trade union Reuther undoubtedly will try to fight fo r a 30-hour work week at In such an economic situation a five cents an hour per employe cents an hour per employee for plans. The company gave no over­ wages for all workers laid off use this as a weapon to spike the 40-hours’ pay. union leadership that was w illing the first year, six cents the second all three years, the other cent all figure and Reuther estimated through no fault of their own, growth of a militant opposition And they w ill also surely get to put up a real struggle could year, and seven cents the third being offered in other forms. the total package at an average to win in law and in union con­ inside the union. the chance to observe during the have won some major concessions year. of about 20 cents an hour, al­ tracts a shorter work week with Today’s walkout at the Rouge next three years that American Book - A - Month this year. But the Reuther leader­ Ford’s proposal was that laid- REUTHER SHIFTS though most workers will get only no reduction in pay, and to take plant showed that Steilato had capitalism, on whose continuation ship, cowed by the newspaper o ff workers get no supplemental And so what Rauther on six cents an hour more in cash economic and political power misgauged the sentiments of a Reuther bases his whole policy, is propaganda that a strike would unemployment benefits the first Saturday called “ inadequate” he this year. Plan away from the capitalist class large part of his own local. He unable to provide them with firm make it responsible fo r putting week, that they get benefits hailed on Monday as “ the largest On the whole, Ford has greater that is responsible for the con­ had promised to oppose any and lasting employment or sta­ a crimp in the current prosperity, bringing their income bo 65% of economic package ever offered.” reason to hail the contract than tinuation of want, insecurity and attempts by Reuther to use the bility. June Selection went to extremes to avert a weekly pay the next four weeks, What a difference two days made Reuther. The company gave some unemployment among the work­ winning of the GAW “principle” Study and assimilation of these strike. and to 60% during the next 22 — in claims anyhow. Ford also concessions to avert a strike, but ers. as a pretext for burying other lessons by the militant workers In fact, a hard question to weeks. mode some inflated claims, say­ it w ill more than make up for Mother demands regarded as more vital in the UAW can produce a left- answer is who was more afraid For four days Reuther begged ing the new contract provides them during the period of the by many Ford workers. They had wing movement to return the By Maxim Gorky of a strike — Ford or Reuther? Ford to increase the benefits to laid - off workers with cash contract by speedup and auto­ looked to him to provide an union to a class-struggle policy Great Russian novel of socialist Anyhow, Reuther made most of 80% of weekly pay, including benefits “ up to $25 a week.” This mation. The only thing Ford Twin Cities alternative to, or at least an ef­ that could radically change the the concessions, not Ford; and unemployment compensation, and time Reuther kept mum, saying wanted and didn’t get was a five- struggle against Czar-ism fective check on, the Reutherite whole picture before 1958. 20TH ANNUAL Steilato, looked to by a sizable that the benefits last fo r 52 nothing about the $9 average he year contract. Here both sides kind of negotiations. Special June Price section of the auto union to weeks instead of 26. Ford stood had cited and complained about, compromised, although Reuther Now many of them feel Steilato STRAWBERRY provide a progressive opposition fast. on Saturday. had to violate a UAW conven­ has deserted them, and their $ 1.00 to Reuther, went along with him The real cash value of Reuth­ tion decision not to sign any FESTIVAL ATTACKS FORD OFFER wildcat strike was by implication Detroit Fri. Night (plus 15? mailing charge) on the whole in the present er’s big GAW “ crusade” turns out contraot longer than two years. against Steilato as well as the • negotiations. Last Saturday, two days before to be five cents an hour. That’s What effects w ill the new con­ Socialist Forum Sunday, July 3, 2:00 P. M. company and Reuther. Their Payments must accompany the deadline for a strike, Reuther what Ford workers will get tract have on the auto union? militancy in this walkout, even • order • STOCK SALE FRAUD publicly called for arbitration in added to their regular wages in Reuther pictured it as a victory New Trends in the South 5200 Eagle Ave. At only one point in the order to prevent a strike. The states where cash supplements to for his policy of class-collabora­ Friday, June 17, at § P. M. • White Bear Lake, Minn. negotiations did Reuther show company proposal, he charged, unemployment compensation are tion, saying it was a “ lesson to For only $1.25 you can get a • • any sign of finmess, and that was provided “ inadequate levels of prohibited by local laws. That’s communists” and proved that PIONEER PUBLISHERS Featuring: one-year subscription to the when he was literally forced to benefits.” This charge he sup­ the value of the “ principle” “free labor and free capital can Marxist quarterly, Fourth In­ A t 3000 Grand River, Rm. 207 116 University Place Sports, Games, Supper reject Ford’s contemptuous stock- ported with revealing statistics: Reuther harped on so long, and get together in a democratic ternational, 116 University PI., Donation 25c. New York 3, New York Strawberry Shortcake sales offer (analyzed in last “ Under the Ford proposal,” he for which he was w illing to world.” He smiled and nodded New York 8, N. Y. Free fo r Unemployed week’s M ilitant). There is reason said, “ a worker in Michigan with subordinate more basic needs of when Bugas, shaking his hand, THE MILITANT *— Page T h re e •absaription IS per y e a r; B lgaed a r t ic le * toy o o n trlb - 11.60 to r 6 months. Foreign: Qtors do not necessarily rep­ resent The M ilitant's policies. 14.50 per y e a r; $2.25 to r 0 THE MILITANT These are expressed in its months. Canadian: $3.50 per Published Weekly In the Interests of the Working People editorials. ye a r: $1.75 fo r 6 m onths. THE M ILITANT PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION “ Entered as second class Bundle Orders: 6 or more 116 U n iv e rs ity P Î., N . Y . 3. N . Y . Phone: A U S-7466 m a tte r M arch 7, 1944 a t the Post Office at New York. ... Echo of E. German Uprising in USSR copies 6c each In U .S., 7o each in foreign countries- Editor: MURRY WEISS N.Y., under the act of March Boeineee Manager: DOROTHY JOHNSON S. 1879.“ (Continned from page 1) !•> (jiChristian chancellor and the free- optimism somewhat and speak of enterprise golden calf. Vol. XIX — No. 24 Monday, June 13, 1955 the proverbial failures of the Social Democratic leadership to PARTICIPANT’S REPORT act for the German labor move-, A fter several attempts I con­ ment. But no one believes me. tacted escaped workers who had June 17/ 1953 — A Day to Remember “The German Social Democracy belonged to the strike committees. is still the embodiment of the Their account agreed in nothing Two years ago on June 16; 1953, five many and frantically broadcast messages German proletariat. And even if with the Bonn interpretation. thousand construction workers in East for everyone to be “ calm.” the leaders are weak and cowardly “ It began as a spontaneous Berlin defied the tyrannical Stalinist re­ Could any imperialist power mobilize they are now compelled to act. protest demonstration against the Otherwise, they w ill be told to go raising of production quotas and gime and went on strike against a bureau­ the overwhelming majority of East Ger­ fo h e ll.’’ ended as an uprising against the cratic decree for a ten percent increase in man workers into mass strikes? Were During the night, which. is Soviet bureaucracy,” a June 17 production quotas. The strikers marched 50,000 arrested strikers and hundreds who sunlit and bright as day, we sit fighter told me. “ In the beginning through the city to the government build­ were killed or wounded, fighting for a — Leninists, Anarchists, and it .really was limited to wages, ings and called upon the workers to join return to capitalism? Monashki (religious pacifists) — speedup and prices. But then we in the instrumentalka, our secret ourselves were astonished when them. The struggle against Stalinism liberates gathering place. more and more workers came over The frightened retreat of the Stalinist the workers for their anti-capitalist fight. The dark figures in their quilted to us, who wanted not only to bureaucrats on the speed-up grievance was This was the meaning of the East German jackets — for the sun-filled nights demonstrate and strike but fight not enough. There were bigger issues. The rebellion. This was what it meant to class are cold — stand out sharply fo r a regime of workers’ coun­ daring action of the construction workers conscious, revolutionary workers every­ against the gold of the horizon, cils. That is what we placed on sparked a general strike that swept where. whicih in the glimmering back the streamers and placards that ground reminds one of old Russian speedily appeared and that were throughout the Stalinist-occupied zone of Brigitte Gerland, in this issue of the icons. carried triumphantly on the long Germany. Militant, eloquently describes how the demonstration march. On June 17 the East German workers news of the East German uprising was WHAT TO DO “ It was the thought of a Ger­ closed down the factories. They marched received in the far-off, isolated prison The voices rise and fa ll passion­ many of workers’ councils,” he ately in the jsmall, .packed room, continued, “ for which our fathers on government buildings. They opened, the camps of the Kremlin. where most can barely find place fought in vain 30 years ago, that jails, freed the political prisoners and The Russian workers made the greatest to sjt on the ground. Faces vanish drove us forward even as the first burned the prison files. In 38 industrial revolution in history. They also know at in a greyish cloud from the heavy Soviet tanks emerged threaten­ cities workers fought the Stalinist police first hand the counter-revolutionary na­ smoke of cigarettes and mak'horka ingly. We waited only for the in pitched battles and raised the political ture of Stalinism. The political prisoners of (a low grade tobacco). West German workers to help us. “ They fight ami we sit and We waited for a general strike — demands of the general strike. Vorkuta understood that the East German debate as usual,’’ says Alyonna, a a general strike that would be They told the Kremlin rulers and the events constituted a continuation of the young student, bitterly. “ I have kept up until the withdrawal of whole world : We want liberation from the victorious revolution of 1917. never fe lt so much a prisoner as A Kremlin tank carries Maj. Gen. P. T. Di brova (left, wearing m ilitary cap), commander of all occupation forces. But we Stalinist gang. But we don’t want to go Within a month the Vorkuta strike today. Shoved out of the world Soviet garrison in East Berlin, through ranks of demonstrating workers on June 17, 1953, at waited in vain.” back into the capitalist jungle. We want began. Inspired by the heroic struggle of where everything is happening. start of East German general strike of 2,000,00 0 against Stalinist rule. Why again in vain, as so often Useless and without power. What before in the tragic history of the the withdrawal of occupation armies — the East German workers, the Vorkuta can we do, besides joining our German proletariat? but are prepared to give their in the Kremlin and their adherents one I met with questions. My first the unification of Germany — free and strike was “ a reply, an echo, a beacon.” This question is not easy to comrades in our thoughts? Be­ lives for a socialist Germany. among the privileged upper concern-, however, was the Seven­ secret elections. And in these free elec­ They too wanted to free their hands for a cause they are our comrades, answer. The Social Democratic They, declare war on the Stalinist strata has become stronger, and teenth of June. tions, we must “ prepare for a workers’ revolutionary victory against imperialism. even if they know nothing about leadership defaulted. It did noth­ autocrats and the imperialist ex­ that because of this the desire of Naturally, everyone tried to sell victory.” The full consequence of the East Ger­ us.” ploiters of the West in the spirit these rulers for “ peaceful co­ ing, didn’t lift a finger. In the “ 1 know one thing above all me on the Bonn version, which party offices, everyone sat at his The Stalinists slandered the revolution man uprising lies ahead. The, working of Liebknecht and Luxemburg.” existence” with the capitalist ex­ has frozen into a national legend. else that we should not do,” says ploiters has also grown stronger. w riting desk and waited — this as a conspiracy of “ foreign agents” of im­ class of West Germany knows it has a one of the men finmlv, “ and that THE VORKUTA REPLY This legend also has the blessing one nervous, that one apathetic, These wishes lead the Soviet of the Big Brother from the all- perialism. But the U.S.-sponsored regime valiant ally across the cold-war border. is to become sentimental. We all A month after the uprising in but each without a policy and bureaucracy to shed what is left golden West. (H err Adenauer’s in West Germany was just as frightened When they, too, determine to rid their land feel the same way. We all feel East Germany had been crushed, unable to come to a decision. The of its commmunist disguise. West is only partially golden — now is the time fo r us to act, to the great strike of the prisoners right wing hoped vaguely for by the workers’ upsurge as were the of capitalist profiteers and imperialist Thus the Stalinist union func­ namely, in its upper regions). give those in East Germany a in Vorkuta began. It was a reply, American intervention. The so- Kremlin bureaucrats. They feared the in­ occupation, all German workers will join tionaries in the West-bloc coun­ This version tells of a German sign that we are on their side. an echo, a beacon. called left wing hoped fo r nothing, surrection would spread to the rest of Ger- tries receive the directive to national uprising, flamed by the hands. They will prove invincible. But no one can make a revolu­ In August 1952, whale the coal since it could make up its mind prevent strikes be< ruse strikes desire to adhere to the truncated tion with sentiment, not eveh pits of Vorkuta were at a stand­ about nothing. The West Berlin are supposed to be against the half of Germany protected by wage a sympathy strike. We have still, thousands of prisoners in workers tried in every way true interests of the working America. And in this way at last A Case of Outrageous Persecution organized everything, planned the mines of Karaganda and on possible to come to the help of class, whose demands can only be to enjoy the blessings of the capi­ everything, prepared everything. the cottonfields of Kazakstan quit their comrades in East Berlin. fulfilled through a general in­ talist market economy and en­ The persecution of National Guardian Belfrage’s imprisonment is that he is But the biggest obstacles of all work. But that was not enough. crease in production in all coun­ lightened Catholic absolutism. To editor Cedric Belfrage by the immigration “ actively engaged in advocating policies —• apathy, fear and confusion, In the widely dispersed camp W ithout the Soviet soldiers’ tries. A policy of strikes is me this explanation didn’t ring which we think involve national security.” which create more havoc than all command on the Siberian river heroic refusal to fire on (leanon- authorities and federal courts is one of the denounced as inexcusable and true. most outrageous assaults on civil liberties What kind of policies was he advocating the terror of the MVD — these Lena, armed uprisings broke out short-sighted. Nikita Khrushchev strating and striking workers, the can’t be organized away. One can in the fall of 1953. One part of means it, too. Why should workers die in the uprising would have been drown­ in the current witch hunt. that “ involve national security?” What only overcome them slowly and streets in order to exchange ed in blood during the first hours. Belfrage, who comes from England, was do the authorities mean by that? Do they the soldier guard fought on the However, he expresses himself patiently.” side of the prisoners. Only bloody in fa r more flowery language bureaucratic misery for capitalist As it was, the Soviet bureaucrats arrested for deportation two years ago mean his advocacy of peace? If that is The Seventeenth of .Time helped suppression brought an end to when he coyly entreats the im­ exploitation ? Why should work­ needed three days to put an end when McCarthyism was running rampant. grounds for jailing in this country, the us overcome fear, doubt, tiredness. the uprising after many days. perialists not to oome into his ers attack Soviet tanks with to the “ rebellion” which spread In fact, he was picked up the day after prisons would not be able to hold a tenth Leaflets thrown in dark barrack Japanese War prisoners who garden since he really doesn’t stones and clubs in order, in the with hurricane speed over the end, to return to a Reich, ruled corners, scribbled hurriedly on shortly thereafter were returned have the slightest intention of entire occupation zone. Senator McCarthy had put him through or a hundreth of the people who are think­ scraps of greasy paper were by an unholy alliance of un­ Three days are a long .time. A an inquisition. ing or speaking or writing in. a way -to to / their country, reported a going ( into theirs. What a telling Copied 'b y the thousands and setfchd'mass strike in 'Kara'gaftdk“ hbnftiasU' < wherr bne*'thinks ' “of scrupulous Big .Business, fascist revolutionary party acting as the The paper which Belfrage edits ex­ “ involve national security.” reached the furthest camps in the in ihe sprin g o f 1954. A p p a re n tly, Vorkuta or Karaganda. And what militarism and Catholic bourgeois vanguard of the West German presses the views of the Progressive Party. Belfrage’s case boils down to a plain and middle of the tundra and in the it was organized by prisoners who a pity it is that events such as reaction ? proletariat would have used these Its boldest and most radical ideas are a simple assault on the rights of free speech marshes of the Arctic sea coast. had belonged to the Vorkuta the uprising in East Berlin or the So I probed deeper and soon three days to press the uprising mild form of pacifism, the pious expression and press. It is an attempt to muzzle and Comrades, Spartacus fights strike committees and had been mass strike in Vorkuta continues established that the official West against the foreign occupation German legend, about the Seven­ and the German exploiters tied of hopes for peace and sympathy for the silence an individual whose opinions do again in the German cities. This deported as punishment. to disturb the idyll of Comrade time the enemy is the Stalinist That was a year ago. What is Khrushchev. teenth of June, was, like most to the occupation. Then the revo­ concept of “ peaceful coexistence” between not accord with the State Department’s. bureaucracy, which has thrown happening now ? What happened legends, a pious lie, invented to lution could not have been the capitalist world and the Soviet bloc. It is also part of a broader attempt to in­ its panzer units against the work­ and what is happening in the THE BONN LEGEND increase the fame of the all- stopped. Last December, after Ellis Island was timidate and frighten everyone who would ers in order to uphold in blood hundreds of camps, from which When I returned so suddenly closed, the Immigration and Naturalization question in any way Washington’s policies its power and privileges. The no foreigner has been released ? and unexpectedly to the “free Services rescinded an order sending on war and peace. German workers are unarmed. We don’t know. world” — represented in the first Despite this fact, they don’t let We know only that the pressure place by the German Federal possible deportéis to jail. It announced The victimization of Belfrage is a poli­ the machine guns overawe them, of the Soviet masses on the rulers Republic — I overwhelmed every­ they would be held instead in hotels and tical prosecution. It has the most sinister World Events similar residences under custody. implications. It can establish a precedent On May 12, the Board of Immigration that might open a far-reaching invasion GREEK REFUGEES, many of Hindu-Moslem religious differ­ Appeal, allowing scant notice, upheld the not only of the rights of non-citizens, but ...An Open Letter to Foster ...M ass Pressure whom left as children during the ences. They also charged the Belfrage deportation order. The next day of the whole American press. civil war and are now returning Labor Party was “ communist” Belfrage was thrown into the West St. We are especially concerned over the (Continued from page 1) mission to examine the “ ma­ On School Bias to their homeland, are becoming and wanted to annex Mauritius terials” and “facts” he referred a danger point fo r the present to India. The campaign bore House of Detention in New York with no regrettable abdication by the liberal and ment the patent absurdity of this (Continued from page 1) explanation. Let us for the mo­ to, and establish the truth about government. According to the fru it with an outbreak of fierce charge against him. He has twice been labor publications of their duties in this which “guarantees” fair trials ment agree that Stalin, “ the a ll­ who was framed-up and who did AFL News-Reporter, “ the Greek communal rioting. The Labor case. W ith few exceptions, they have to Negroes in the South. The denied bail, by Federal District Court wise and infallible leader," and the framing. government is finding it virtually Party, which has members of all countless Negro victims of legal Judge Archie 0. Dawson and again by maintained a shabby, cowardly silence. We the whole regime in the Soviet You will undoubtedly raise impossible to meet the most religious groups in it, has de­ lynching, a few of whose cases elementary economic and social Appeals Court Judge Harold Medina. He warn them they are helping to put the Union, was fooled by Beria into the cry that such an investiga­ manded an investigation of the get up to the Supreme Court, needs of its returning citizens.’’ is the only deportation detainee, to our witch-hunt knife to their own throats if complicity in a hideous frame- tion will jparm the Soviet Union role of the capitalist press and are testimony to this “good The repatriates are lodged in knowledge, denied bail. they do not speak up strongly and in good up. What then? and play into the hands of the police in fomenting the riots. American imperialism. faith.” ramshackle buildings, eight to * * * One of the official reasons given for time in defense of Belfrage. Shouldn’t every political pris­ fourteen to a room, and in caimps oner now in ja il as a result of Utterly false! MANY LOOPHOLES PORTUGUESE POLICE FIR­ The truth cannot hurt the that apparently are developing ED into a group of 54 Indian “ Beria’s provocations” be im­ In addition to virtually grant­ Soviet Union. The frame-up, the into concentration camps. passive resisters who crossed mediately released? ing the South “indefinite delay The Shorter Work-Week Issue lie, the stifling regime of bur­ # * * the boundary from India into and local option” by refusal to I f you accept the Khrushchev eaucracy, w ith its monstrous BANK CLERKS’ STRIKE in the Portuguese-held city of Goa There is an irrepressible quality to the lution a clause “ to place the winning of set a date when desegregation explanation, as the Daily Work­ prisons, purges and concentra­ Santiago, Chile, dubbed illegal by on the Indian coast. Four In­ should begin and by putting en­ demand for a 30-hour week at 40-hours the shorter work week at the top of our er has, you are in effect say­ tion camps — that is what hurts President Ibanez, threatens to dians were wounded. Police beat forcement into the hands of lo- union’s collective bargaining agenda after ing; “ I too, along w ith Stalin the Soviet Union in the eyes of bring about a general strike. up seven others. Portugal is pay. Although in the 1930’s the shorter -cal school boards and district the guaranteed wage has been achieved.” and all the officials of the So­ the world working class. Ibanez is opposed not only by trying desperately to hold on to judges, the ruling contains many work-week demand was raised in many viet Union, was fooled by Beria The struggle of the Soviet Chilean labor but by tile parlia­ its colonies in India. French im­ And Labor’s Daily, May 25, reports that other loopholes. strikes, in recent years the AFL and CIO, . . . I sincerely regret what working class against the regime ment. He has admitted that 24 perialism recently was forced to Victor Reuther told the world congress of These w ill all be used to the while occasionally passing resolutions for happened." of frame-ups and lies of the of the country’s 25 parties are give up five ports it held in the International Confederation of Fre_e utmost by Southern officials who How sincerely? Will you sup­ privileged bureaucracy is a vi­ against him. Observers wonder India. the 30-hour week, haven’t spelled it out are already mapping plans fo r Trade Unions in Vienna, “ The battle for port the demand of the Socialist tal part of the world struggle which will come first — an * * * as a fighting contract demand. Thus for evasion and endless litigation. shorter work weeks will soon be opened on Workers Party, which I cabled of the working class for social uprising or a presidential coup FOUR HUNDRED STORM many years it has figured as the slogan of They will probably have the ef­ a grand scale by the American labor move­ to Khrushchev June 1: “In in­ ist liberation. By standing in the d’etat. TROOPERS of South Africa fect also of slowing down the * • * * the radical vanguard of the labor move­ terest of USSR and world work­ way of that struggle and by were sent 700 miles southeast of ment.” integration which began las1! ment. ing class we demand you release supporting the Kremlin’s frame- ARMED VIOLENCE has bro­ Johannesburg to close Fort Hare The reason for the persistence of the year in the border states. from prisons and slave-labor up system, the Communist Party ken out in Central Colombia. The College, the only Negro college Now there are signs that 30-for-40 will It is, of course, correct fo r the 30-for-40 idea is indicated by the Packing­ camps all victims of this frame- weakens the fig h t against Amer­ Colombian army has undertaken in the country. The government break through as a major demand of the NAACP to make plans fo r press­ house Workers policy meeting. The panel up?” ican capitalism and plays into full-scale military operations to feared the resistance of the ing the Southern school boards unions in next year’s contract fights. that brought in the proposal to the 400 In my cable to Khrushchev I the hands of the witch hunters. put down the opposition to the student body as the Strijdom re­ as hard and as soon as it can The CIO Packinghouse Workers Union, also demand that he permit an Farrell Dobbs country’s dictatorship. The re gime pushed its program of delegates said, “ Our position (for 30-for- through legal moves. But it is international civil liberties com'- National Secretary, SWP gime claims that the uprising is teaching Africans to perform which held its National Policy Conference 40) must be related not only to the dis­ wrong to paint up the recent Communist inspired, but most only menial work. in Chicago May 9-13, adopted “ 30 hours placement of workers by machines, but legal blow that desegregation observers discount this, seeing work for 40-hours pay” as the “ keystone also to the fact that millions of young got from the Supreme Court as * * * regional economic and political D AN IE L GUERIN, noted policy for 1956 bargaining.” The CIO Auto people are now beginning to enlarge the STALIN'S FRAME UP SYSTEM a victory. That misleads people grievances as the cause. A num and may cause demoralization French socialist author, and vig­ Workers Union at its Cleveland convention ranks of those seeking jobs.” ber of prisoners have been shot orous opponent of imperialism, AND later. by the troops by the notorious in March decided against making 30-for-40 The union’s paper, Packinghouse Work­ Legal actions against segre­ was arrested in Puerto Rico by a contract demand for this year. It is well device of the ley fuga. This is U. S. immigration authorities, er, says, “ Meeting under a huge banner THE MOSCOW TRIALS gationist school boards w ill meet the Latin American term for known, however, that sentiment for the reading ‘30 hours work for 40 hours pay,’ with success to the degree that while his plane made, a schedul­ By LEON TROTSKY shooting prisoners and then ed stop. Guerin was on his way shorter work week with no reduction in the delegates made it clear that UPWA is the Negro people and the labor claiming they “tried to escape.” pay has been mounting among auto work­ The full text of Trotsky’s masterful analysis of the movement are mobilized to from Haiti to the island of headed straight down that road, not to be * * * Martinique, according to the ers during recent years, and particularly Moscow Trials in his summation speech before the throw their weight into the diverted.” John Dewey Commission of Inquiry which investigated struggle. And it w ill be the OLD “DIVIDE AND RULE' May 5 France-Observateur. He since the slump of 1954. We are quite sure that this decision will Stalin’s frame-up charges. struggle which will determine technique of British imperialism was confined under guard fo r seems to be paying o ff in the 36 hours in a hotel and then A t the auto Convention the Reuther be met with enthusiasm, and not only An introduction by Joseph Hansen which brings the what rulings the courts will de­ leadership ducked making 30-for-40 a con­ among packinghouse workers; The Amer­ cide to hand down. Indian Ocean colony of Mauri­ sent back to Haiti, despite all record of Stalin’s frame-up system up-to-date and tius. Though this island is the efforts of the French consul. tract demand in this year’s bargaining, ican workers are plagued by the spectre of includes an analysis of recent trials in Eastern Europe. thousands of miles from India, This incident delayed his arrival and the delegation from Ford Local 600, unemployment. The war prosperity in­ Must reading for a fuller understanding of the back­ The Brotherhood of Railway a majority of the population in Martinique by several days. long proponents of the demand, went spires little confidence in a secure future. ground to the new frame-up in Moscow and Malenkov’s Trainmen, largest of the inde­ (almost a half-million) is In­ * * * along. Nevertheless, the attitude of the The 30-for-40 demand will continue to purge of Beria. pendent rail unions, is understood dian, descendants of indentured AN “EVENTUAL” 30-HOUR laborers brought to work the WEEK was called fo r by the convention was considerably different make its way to the fore as a central 168 pages $1.60 to be talking merger with AFL- than in 1953. A t that time the proponents demand of the labor movement as long as CIO. By joining the new labor sugar plantations. Faced with Canadian Trades and Labor Con­ PIONEER PUBLISHERS gress which concluded its con­ of 30-for-40 were red-baited as agents of the problem of unemployment exists, and federation the BRT would have growing sentiment for indepen­ 116 University Place New York 3, N. Y. to surrender 8,000 bus drivers and dence and the emergence of a vention in Windsor, Ont., June the Kremlin. This time it was necessary to tnat will be as long as the capitalist system 8,000 switchmen to other AFL Labor Party, British interests 5. A resolution for a minimum incorporate in the guaranteed wage reso- is allowed to last. unions. began a campaign to inflame wage law WAS Passed. The Negro Struggle ' By Jean Blake ------t h e MIL ITANT The FBI — Servant of Reaction VOLUME XIX MONDAY, JUNE IS, 1955 NUMBER 24 Apologists for capitalism say that the the Department of Justice and the Federal state, or government, in this country is an Bureau of Investigation, those two crack Labor Unity in Action impartial agency which represents the Government agencies so highly touted on majority of the people and defends their radio, television and newspaper front page Newark Council interests. for their infallibility in tracking down Marxists say that the state in the class- wrongdoers, were asked to enter the case. divided society in which we live represents “ To date, there has been no announce­ the interests of the ruling class; that the ment that the Government has moved Beats a Retreat democratic processes are utilized as a toward Mississippi in any way whatever in camouflage to conceal the operations of this case. Three years ago, when a similar the minority who own and control the outrage [occurred] in Florida and the On Witch Hunt means by which the working people make State head of the NAACP, Harry Moore, By Daniel Roberts their living; that the institutions and was blasted off the face of the earth, the SWP Candidate fo r N. J. Senate, Essex County agencies of capitalism have as their main FBI and the Department of Ju&tice were NEWARK, June 7 — Confronted by growing popular function the preservation of this system asked to step in. No one ever served a day opposition to its witch-hunting measures, the Newark of privilege and profit for the few at the in jail for the Moore lynching. City Council last week tabled indefinitely a motion to expense of the masses. “ Will Mississippi be another Harry investigate “Communist” activity S>------The operation of the FBI as a tool of Moore case ? Is the FBI strictly a television among city employes. grounds fo r dismissal. the capitalist dictatorship is particularly program? Does the Department of Justice A t the June 1 Council meeting Although Bruder weakened his scandalous in its complete contempt for don the blindfold usually seen on pictures speakers representing the CIO, case by saying that proven Com­ the Americans fo r Democratic munist Party members should not the rights of Negroes. of Miss Justice, herself, when Negroes are Action and the Newark Teachers be allowed to teach, he demanded Although the Cleveland Call and Post the targets of violence? Or may we ex- Union (A F L) opposed the probe a trial in which the accused could and other Negro newspapers do not accept . pect to see action soon?” as well as provisions for loyalty cross - examine witnesses against the Marxist premise or conclusions about The questions in the editorial are questionnaires and oaths. The them. the class nature of the state, events con­ rhetorical, of course. The editors were not latter two measures were adapted This demand was a challenge to stantly compel them to protest against the born yesterday. They know that the right by the Council two weeks ago. the notorious system of “ faceless While giving in on the proposal informers,” a basic prop of the biased functioning of its agencies. Here, of Negroes to equal justice before the law to set up an investigating com­ witch-hunt. The three teachers in a June 4 Call and Post editorial is a is a legal fiction. They also know where mittee, the City Council refused were hailed before the House Un- typical example: the FBI is — busy investigating interracial to rescind its previous decision American Activities Committee “ Two weeks have passed since a Missis­ groups and organizations, snooping into providing for questionnaires and solely on the secret “ testimony” sippi minister was barbarously ambushed, the private lives of militant unionists of oaths. of Bella Dodd, a paid government his face shot away by a blast from a socialists, or of any opponents of the poli­ Ever since the middle of May, witness. when the House Un - American Dodd was the informer who shotgun, and his lynchers allowed to ride tical parties in power, and compiling Activities Committee conducted a smeared Senator Clifford Case away into the night while local officials dossiers with which to smear or frame-up probe in Newark, witch-hunters (R-N. J.) during the 1952 elec­ callously intimidated any who might come persons guilty of the “un-American ac­ On behalf of Lodge 1433, Inti. Assn, of Machinists (A F L ), Lodge Pres. Frank Dumin pre­ and opponents of the witch-hunt tions, claiming that she knew his forward as witnesses. tiv ity ” of opposing Jim Crow in all its sents $1,000 check to Connie Lee, financial secretary of Local 207, United Electrical, Radio and have been engaged in open battle. 'sister as a “Communist.” Gase “ Within hours after the crime occurred forms. Machine Workers (independent), whose members have been on strike against Landers Frary & The witch - hunters sought to showed that this was a lie. Clark in New Britain, Conn. Other IAM and U E leaders look on. A ll A FL and CIO unions in the continue attacks on civil liberties town, organized as a United Labor Committee, support the UE strike. in Newark which were started by UNION RAISES FUNDS ------the Un - American Committee. The Newark Teachers Union Mayor Leo P. Carlin and Board also sent a letter to its members 'How to Spot a Communist' of Education President W illiam C. requesting contributions to a fund ------By Art Preis ------Ricigliano teamed up to suspend for the defense of the three three teachers — Dr. Robert teachers. In a later press release, The June, 1955, American Civil Liberties might find acclaim or acceptance by some, Bitter Labor Struggles Lowenstein, Perry Zimmerman the union announced that i t is Union-News reproduces what may well even if only because of novelty which is and Miss Estelle Laba — because seeking funds from parent® as they invoked the F ifth Amend­ well. become one of the classic writings of our not always of merit.” Beg pardon! We must have mixed up Continue in the South ment before the Un - American One of three witch-hunt victims, Committee. And the City Council Lowenstein, executive vice-presi­ time. It is a study, prepared by the First our notes. That last example of heaviness Army, entitled, “ How to Spot a Com­ By John Thayer torial investigation of alleged organize its plantation workers, voted to institute oaths, ques­ dent of the union, has the reputa­ of style and addiction to long sentences tionnaires and probes. tion of being the most popular The class struggle has by no collusion by the Hotel Associ­ has been appealed all the way munist.” It was issued last January 7 to teacher in the Newark high comes from a statement on modern art by means quieted down in the South. ation against individual owners up to the U.S. Supreme Court. Civil liberties defenders, on the civilian personnel by Maj. Robert C. Per­ schools. This has made possible Pope Pius XII. But, there is a still further Dozens of battles are being who would like to settle. It permanently forbids the work­ other hand, took courage from ron, in charge of Plant Protection at the the rallying of maximum support test — “ a distinct vocabulary.” If you waged and strikers are being Another important strike is ers from going on strike during the spirited opposition waged against the Un-American Com­ fo r his defense. Watertown Arsenal, Massachusetts. subjected to police and hired- that of 1,500 CIO Packinghouse the harvest season. hear or read all or any of the following Lowenstein has sent a letter to There is “ no foolproof way of detecting thug terrorism. Workers against the Colonial mittee at. its hearings. At that words you’re probably hot on the trail MASS TR IAL time, 1500 United Electrical all his students and former The ten-state strike of Grey­ and Godchaux sugar refineries a Communist,” the introduction immedi­ of a “ Communist” : “ vanguard, comrade, Workers members picketed the students stating his side of the hound Bus drivers advanced a in Louisiana. A t issue is w hit­ •In Fayettville, Tennessee, ately admits. With almost a note of regret, committee on the first day of case. “ If I were rich,” he wrote, hootenanny, chauvinism, book - burning, step when the company, which tling down the North-South wage where the A F L Ladies Garment hearings and nearly 1,000 people “ I could have told the House the study explains: “ The Communist in­ jingoism, colonialism, hooliganism, ruling differential. The present differ­ Workers has been on strike a- for two months refused to even attended a protest meeting spon­ Committee on Un-American Ac­ dividual ;is no longer a ‘type’ exemplified entia] in this industry is 41c an gainst the Serbin Co. since April class, demagogy, dialectical, witch-hunt, meet with the union, consented sored by the Emergency Civil tivities that I invoke the protec­ by the bearded and coarse revolutionary hour. In the North the union re­ 19, Judge Robert E. Lee has just reactionary, oppressive, materialist, pro­ to negotiate. This occurred after Liberties Committee two days tion of the First Amendment cently won a 7c an hour increase. conducted a mass trial. Nine wo­ with time bomb in briefcase.” How simple gressive.” But that’s just the beginning. the strikers had voted emphatic­ later. against any invasion of my It has demanded a 10c increase men have been sentenced to one life would be if only the Communists “ This list, selected at random, could be ally against a company “ o f f * " privacy — my beliefs, associa­ made — not to the union — l?ut of Southern refiners to bring the and two months in ja il and 72 JOIN STRUGGLE hadn’t shaved off their beards and dis­ extended indefinitely.” And just remember others given s tiff fines. This is tions, writings, etc. Under thé by mail to the men individually. differential down to 38c. This The significant aspect of the circumstances I had to refuse to carded the ticking briefcases which, like there’s more than 500,000 words in the The vote was more than 600 demand has already been won the same judge who issued the the rattle of a rattlesnake, gave advance “ iron curtain” injunction,’forbid­ struggle is that organizations bear witness against myself Webster Unabridged Dictionary. against and one for. Not a single at two Louisiana refineries — that remained on the sidelines ding strikers to come within 1,- under the Fifth Amendment.” warning of their presence. Now, they Greyhound bus has operated in American Sugar and Henderson. during the Un-American Com­ Of course, if you hear someone say 000 feet of the plant. The order In setting hearings for Hie “ come from all walks of life” and that sure the struck areas. The AFL A back-to-wor.k movement at mittee visit, have now entered “ witch hunt,” you can be sure you have a forced the moving of union head­ three teachers, the Board of Motor Coachmen recently held Godchaux collapsed when the in­ the struggle against extending broadens the field. “ Communist” right under your nose. That quarters and several union fam ­ Education announced that it a strike meeting in Winston- terracial ranks of the strikers the witch-hunt. But don’t throw up your hands in defeat. ilies. Nearly 200 women have would not try to determine word was coined back in 1692 by the under­ Salem, N.C. Over 300 strikers held firm. Of 950 workers, only For instance, at the Board of been arrested so far. On one oc­ whether they are members of the There are “ indications . . .often subtle but ground Communist cell in Salem, Mass. attended though many had to four fell for the company line. Education meeting held May 26, casion 25 of them were ' cram­ Communist Party. Only the ques­ always present.” And the first of these is But, if you can’t follow the ins .and outs come from as fa r as Florida and Godchaux is attempting to hog- before a packed audience of over tion whether invoking the Fifth med into a small cell. a “ Communist Language” which is “ not of sentence structure and if all big words Ohio. tie the union with injunctions. 500 people, Mi's. Belle Rosenberg, Amendment disqualifies a teacher Already a temporary injunction In Knoxville, Tenn., Mayor Newark chairman of the ADA defined in dictionaries or taught in sound strange to you, there’s still another MIAMI HOTEL STRIKE will be at issue. has reduced picketing from 12 “ Shoot-to-kill” Dempster's police and R. Joseph Bruder, president Thus the next stage of the schools.” How can you tell when you are way to “ spot a Communist.” That is by In Miami the AFL Hotel to four stations with only two have turned their attention to hearing this strange foreign language? of the Newark Teachers Union battle between witch-hunters and the “ issues raised” by an individual. If workers are suffering heavily pickets .at these stations. the Knox Porcelain strikers. The demanded that the three teachers defenders of civil liberties w ill be By its “ sentence structure and vocabu­ anyone speaks of “ ‘McCarthyism,’ ” from a blizzard of court injunc­ Godchaux is famous fo r the East Tennessee Labor News pro­ be reinstated unless proven unfit fought over one of the main lary.” “ Violation of Civil Rights,” “ Racial or tions which order pickets away injunctions it manages to get. tests this harrassment and warns to teach. They made it clear that provisions of the Bill of Rights We are told that “ a certain heaviness of religious discrimination,” “ Immigration from one hotel after another. One, against the AFL Agricul­ that rural recruiting of strike­ they did not consider use of the — namely, the F ifth Amend­ The union has asked fo r a Sena­ style and preference for long sentences is laws,” “ Anti-subversive legislation,” “ Any tural Workers, which tried to breakers is being attempted. Fifth Amendment sufficient ment. common to most Communist writings.” legislation concerning labor unions,” “ The Observe the following: “If the artistic military budget,” “ ‘Peace,’ ” — brother expression turns instead to a false, empty you are facing a “ Communist.” You are and unclear spirit, which deform the design also facing about 95% of the American of the Creator, if instead of elevating the people. The other 5% are infants and ...A Close-up on Oakland Campaign mind and heart to noble sentiments, it idiots, like the authors of “ How to Spot a should incite more vulgar passions, it Communist.” (Continued from page 1) School facilities are likewise Kiezel spoke to around 1,400 young people a fu ll educational among the people over the con­ constitutes at least 14% of the inadequate. The shortage is so workers at various union meet­ opportunity in an atmosphere of sequences of the capitalist war city population. bad that in some cases atten­ ings and another 500 people at academic freedom. Defend free­ program,” she said. “ A t the fac­ An influx of workers from dance is reduced to a half-day different community gatherings. dom of thought and expression tories much interest was shown Mexico and Mexican-Americans schedule in order to ease the She also addressed over 1,000 to clear the way fo r the critical in the 30-40 demand. Discussion Notes from the News from the Southwest, has in­ ovei'cfowding. Negro people at the churches political thinking so urgently of the anti-labor offensiva creased that minority group to What irony then to see in a which serve as the social and needed by the American people. around the ‘Right to Work’ laws an estimated 40,000 within Oak­ slum district a sign reading “ In ­ organizational center of their Break out of the trap of capital­ got a response, mainly from sea­ A WITNESS TO LYNCHING oi Rev. George SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE CO. has land and the rest of Alameda come Tax Advice,” offering peo­ community life. These church­ ist politics and work to form a soned unionists. W. Lee, Belzoni, Mississippi, leader in fight fo r brought suit fo r $5 million against the CIO Com­ county. Also present is a minor­ ple help, for a price, in figuring goers usually discussed the Labor Party based on the unions, “During my talks before Negroes to vote, has been located in East St. munications Workers fo r alleged damage done it ity of Portugese who came orig­ how much of their meager earn­ speech later at home and among a class party serving the in­ unions,” Comrade Kiezel em­ Louis by the NAAOP. He is Alex- Hudson,' who during the recent 72-day strike. The union denies inally as skilled fishermen and ings must go to help finance the their friends with the result terests of the working people.” phasized, “ the membership nod­ fled Belzoni in fear of his own life shortly after the charges and labels the action a violation of later branched into other occu­ capitalist war program. There is that about five times as many A group of business people she ded agreement with some cri­ Lee’s murder. Hudson saw the car w'hich overtook the strike settleanent and a company attempt to room ' for ' doubt that the slum people actually heard about it. addressed were shocked speech­ ticisms of the Democrats but Lee’s and heard the shots ring out. Rev. James A. “alibi” its loss' of the strike. A noteworthy part pations. dwellers believe Senator Know- In her speeches Comrade Kie­ less by her sharp attack on cap­ the officials usually got rigid. Hargrove o f Milestone, Miss., a friend of the late of the new contract, which wasn't clear in the HEAVILY EXPLOITED land, who controls the only daily zel cut through the fakcry of italism. A t union meetings, on Dissatisfaction with the Demo­ Rev. Lee, has also had to flee Mississippi. He first announcements, is that the Southern phone In places like the cotton m ill paper ih the city, when he tells the so-called “ non-partisan” elec­ the other hand, her presentation cratic Party appears to have in i got word that he “ was likely to follow' Rev. Lee workers have won the contractual right to respect the minority peoples are heavily them nothing is more important tions and told her listeners, “No­ of the SW'P program was re­ creased in the union ranks. How­ if he didn’t quit working for the NAACP.” other workers’ pocket lines. This is especially exploited at low rates of pay. In­ to the people of Oakland than body is non-partisan in the class ceived without hostility. Party ever most workers still seem ta * * * important for mutual support of the long lines dustrial workers in general face to smash the Chinese revolution struggle. I speak for a party literature was accepted at fac­ hope they can reshape that, cap­ EINSTEIN’S EXECUTOR, Dr. Otto, Nathan, and Western Electric workers who also belong a terrible speedup on the job. and put Chiang Kai-shek back that is an all-out partisan of the tory gates in a friendly manner. italist political tool into a labor has won his battle fo r a passport. The State De­ to CWA but bargain in separate units. Seasonal operation of the can­ into power as a puppet of the working class and an uncom­ instrument. partment had refused him one on political grounds * * * Listeners at Negro churches neries provides enough work to American capitalists. promising opponent of the cap­ even though his intended trip to Switzerland was SHIVERS GETS A COLD SHOULDER from echoed “ Amen” to some of her “ In conversations with work­ disqualify employees from job­ italist class.” ers,” she added, “ a number ex­ necessary fo r the putting of Einstein’s scientific University of Southern California students. After remarks, particularly when she less compensation but not enough SWP CAMPAIGN attacked the liberal capitalist pressed the notion that sooner papers in order. Nathan got federal district Judge President Dr. F. C. Fagg invited Texas Governor CLASS STRUGGLE LINE for them to earn a steady living. Jn this setting the SWP cam­ politicians in Congress. In many or later a Labor Party will be Schweiralraut to order the State Department to Allan Shivers as a commencement speaker the paigners went out during the She pin-pointed the clash of student organization circulated a protest that the Idle cranes in the shipyards instances people fed up with cap­ formed. Some of the votes I re­ issue a passport. The passport officials made as elections to reach the workers, class interests over the housing Governor “'has consistently demonstrated lack of symbolize a slump in some in­ italist double-talk seemed re­ ceived were probably from work­ if to fight the court order but at the last minute students and minority peoples question, the key local issue of ideals of tolerance, integrity and intelligence.” Dr. dustries that has tossed many freshed and stimulated to hear ers who wanted to say they reversed themselves. with the socialist program. No the campaign, through two de­ Fagg branded their action “ immature and ill Oakland workers into the jobless a candidate speak bluntly on the would like to see a Labor Party radio or TV time was available mands: “ H alt the capitalist war advised.” Students responded by organizing a pool of 54,000 throughout the issues and take a forthright stand come sooner rather than later.” to them. They had only modest spending and use these billions boycott of commencement exercises while some Bay Area. Within Alameda coun­ on a plainly-stated program. success in breaking into the cap­ to provide homes, schools and Negro seniors have turned back their oaps and ty alone 33,000 people are on When election day came over ita list press. They had to reach other urgent needs of the work­ gowms. relief according to the A pril 9,000 people voted fo r the SWP ing people. Remove the present * * * figures. people the hard way, but in candidate, giving her 16% of the Chicago doing so they got closer in touch taxes on low-income groups and Subscribe! DEATH RATE OF INDIAN CHILDREN due Rents are high, even fo r the total ballots cast. Since Comrade • levy a 100% tax on war pro­ to “ neglect by the Federal Government” is far many dwellings that have de­ with popular sentiment. Kiezel was the only opponent of “ Peaceful Coexistence Start your subscription now. Clip the fits.” higher than the national average, Senator Estes teriorated into slums. All con­ The party campaigners dis­ the Republican incumbent who And the Big 4 Conference” coupon and mail it in today. Send $1.50 for Kefauver told the Senate. He cited a survey which trols have been lifted, leaving tributed and sold socialist litera­ To aid victims of creeping un­ was up fo r re-election as Coun­ • six months subscription or $3 for a full showed that in Arizona Indian infants die at the people at the mercy of the real- ture at factory gates and union employment the SWP candidate cilman-at-large, some of the Speaker: Marjorie Ball year to The M ilitant, 116 University Place, rate of 132 per bhousand in the first year of life estate sharks. Housing conditions halls, on the campus, around called fo r a 30-hour week at 40- votes She received were protest • New York 3, N. Y. are worst of all fo r segregated supermarkets, in housing pro­ hours pay and jobless compensa­ as against a national average of 40 per thousand. ballots against his policies. Yet Sat., June 25, 8:30 P. M. Another survey showed that fo r a group of Indian minority peoples. jects and door-to-door in slum tion at union wages. She spoke many of the votes were cast in Fine Arts Bldg. Name ...... children life expectancy was 17 years as against Negroes in one “ femporary” areas. Cards were passed out for an FEPC law with teeth in direct support of the SWP pro­ 410 So. Michigan Ave. a national average of 69. housing project, built over a introducing the party candidate, it to combat discrimination gram or some special aspect of Street ...... Zone ...... Room 613 * » * decade ago, have only kerosene a woman worker with 16 years against m inority peoples and a it. That is indicated by Comrade stoves to heat their flimsy wood­ experience in the labor and so­ fig h t to win economic equality • City ...... State ...... NO WONDER THE PRESS IS FRIENDLY. Kiezel’s evaluation of the re­ General Motors spent §37,391,415 for newspaper en dwellings. Many fires break cialist movement. On these cards fo r working women. sponse SWP campaigners ob­ Discussion — Questions □ $1 Six months □ $2 Full year advertising last year. This kept GM in tup place out. in these tinder boxes and the party program appeared in “ Give the youth a future,” served during their electioneer­ Refreshments □ New □ Renewal for newspaper advertising for the eighth con­ quickly spread from house to simplified form. Comrade Kiezel urged, “ by stop­ ing. Donation 25c. secutive year. house. As the candidate, Comrade ping the draft and offering “ We found considerable fear