Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum-Group 4
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Technical Guidelines for Reforestation at Ex-Coal-Mining Areas
Technical Guidelines for Reforestation at Ex-Coal-Mining Areas - Based on the outcomes of experimental reforestation activities at ex-coal-mining areas in South Kalimantan, Indonesia - Japan International Forestry Promotion and Cooperation Center (JIFPRO) March 2015 Technical Guidelines for Reforestation at Ex-Coal-Mining Areas - Based on the outcomes of experimental reforestation activities at ex-coal-mining areas in South Kalimantan, Indonesia - Eiichiro Nakama, Seiichi Ohta, Yasuo Ohsumi, Tokunori Mori and Satohiko Sasaki Japan International Forestry Promotion and Cooperation Center Fakhrur Razie, Hamdani Fauzi and Mahrus Aryadi Lambung Mangkurat University, Indonesia Japan International Forestry Promotion and Cooperation Center March 2015 Foreword During the past decades, deforestation and forest degradation continues especially in developing countries. According to the report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (FAO), approximately 13 million hectors of global forests have been lost annually due to forest land conversion to other land uses, forest fires and natural disasters, while reforestation and natural regeneration account for an increase of approx. 7.8 million hectors of forest cover. This means the net loss of global forest is estimated at 5.2 million hectors. Adverse impacts of forest conversion to farmland can be minimized as far as the land is properly used and managed in a sustainable manner. However, in some cases, problem soils are exposed and abandoned as degraded land. Deforestation by mining is a big issue these years. Problem soils such as strong acid soils and/or too much heavy metal soils appear at the ex-mining areas. In some cases it is too difficult to reforestate. -
Studies in Malesian Gentianaceae III: Cyrtophyllum Reapplied to the Fagraea Fragrans Alliance
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 64(2): 497–510. 2012 497 Studies in Malesian Gentianaceae III: Cyrtophyllum reapplied to the Fagraea fragrans alliance K.M. Wong1 and M. Sugumaran2 1Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569 [email protected] 2Rimba Ilmu Botanic Garden, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [email protected] ABSTRACT. Cyrtophyllum Reinw., one of several distinct lineages among the Fagraea complex, is the correct genus to which five species of Southeast Asian trees should be assigned, including the widespread F. fragrans. Cyrtophyllum minutiflorum K.M.Wong is a new species described here. Two new combinations are made: C. caudatum (Ridl.) K.M.Wong and C. wallichianum (Benth.) M.Sugumaran & K.M.Wong. Keywords. Cyrtophyllum, Fagraea fragrans, Gentianaceae, Malesia, Potalieae, Potaliinae, Southeast Asia Introduction The results of a molecular phylogenetic study of the Fagraea complex (Sugumaran & Wong 2012) demonstrated the distinctness of a number of generic lineages from Fagraea Thunb. s.s. (Wong & Sugumaran 2012). Among these, Cyrtophyllum Reinw. and Picrophloeus Blume were readily distinguished from Fagraea s.s., Limahlania K.M.Wong & M.Sugumaran and Utania G.Don because the first two genera have flowers with conspicuously exserted styles (typically more than 40% of their length) and filaments (greater than 70% of their length) (Sugumaran & Wong 2012). Also, Cyrtophyllum and Picrophloeus frequently have cymes bearing numerous small flowers (corollas narrow, the mouth often not more than 10 mm wide), compared to the other genera, which typically have larger flowers (corollas typically much wider) in variable numbers. However, Cyrtophyllum has axillary cymes and Aubréville’s tree architectural model, whereas Picrophloeus and the other three genera all have terminal cymes and consistently other architectural models (Scarrone’s in Picrophloeus and Fagraea s.s., Fagerlind’s in Limahlania, Roux’s in Utania) (Sugumaran & Wong 2012; Wong & Sugumaran 2012). -
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Ehtnobotanical Plants for Ache(Head)
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Ehtnobotanical Plants for Ache(Head) Ehnobotanical Plant Common Names Abrus precatorius Pois Rouge; Peonia De St Tomas; Jequerit; Paratella; Rakat; Liane Reglisse; To-Azuki; Hint Meyankoku; Cain Ghe; Gunchi; Reglisse; Graines Reglisse; Hung Tou; Ma Liao Tou; Weesboontje; Rosary Pea; Paternoster; Peonia Acacia farnesiana Esponjeira; Kembang bandira; Kambang japun; Kembang nagasiri; Cuji; Tusca Acacia pennata Rigot; Rembete; Willd. Acacia pseudointsia Akar koepah; Kelichi Acalypha cardiophylla Acalypha wilkesiana Achillea millefolium Civanpercemi; Schafgarbe; Yarrow; Rollike; Biranjasif; Rojmari; Tlalquequetzal; Millefolium; Rolleka; Milefolio; Millefoglio; Milenrama; Millefeuille; Duizendblad; Cickafarkkoro Achillea ptarmica Bottone D'Argento; Aksirikotu; Pyrethre Sauvage; Hierba Estornutatoria; Wiesen Bertram; Nieskruid; Sneezewort Achyranthes bidentata Niu Hsi Chiu; Soei in soei in taloen; Niu Hsi; Too-Inokozuti Achyranthes nodiflora Sajoer oedang; Kremri Acorus calamus Shui Ch'Ang Pu; Jeringau; Vacha; Kalmos; Acoro Aromatico; Calamo Aromatico; Acorus; Jerangau; Kaliraga; Sarango; Bach; Calmus; Kalmoes; Ganoeak; Jariangau; Calamus; Seki-Sho; Kalmus; Azakegeri; Acore Vrai; Djerango; Sho-Bu; Calomo Aromatico; Agri Turki; Doringo; Vaj; Ch'Ang P'U Chiu; Sweet Flag Adenia heterophylla Akar saut Adenostemma lavenia Daun tempel daging Agastache rugosa Agrimonia pilosa Kin-Mizu-Hiki Alchemilla woodii Alchornea cordifolia Aleurites moluccana Noyer Des Indes; Derekan; Cila Agaci; Pidekan; Avellano; -
Introduction Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General introduction and taxonomic complexities in Fagraea sensu lato: three distinct subgeneric groups; variance in species delimiting concepts The genus Fagraea Thunberg is pantropical, with a distribution from Sri Lanka and India, through tropical South East Asia, reaching as far east to Polynesia (Struwe et al. 2002). The genus is centered in Malesia, where of over 70 species described (Struwe et al. 2002), around 50 species are distributed within Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (Leenhouts 1962; Wong & Sugau 1996). Species of Fagraea have a variety of life forms. They are tall canopy trees, smaller understorey trees reaching only a few meters tall, or are epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes. They occur from sea level to about 3000 m in very moist montane conditions, mostly in forest gaps, forest edges, rocky outcrops, along stream beds in wet tropical forests but less commonly in mesic forests, mangrove swamps and savannas (Motley 2004). With a large diversity in habit and form, Fagraea have species that are both conspicuous and ecologically important in natural landscapes. The widespread F. fragrans is a common pioneer on sandy sites, a frequent secondary forest species in the lowlands, and can persist in mature forest. In Peninsular Malaysia, F. racemosa is also a common secondary forest species and the large-leaved F. auriculata with long-tubed flowers is often conspicuous in coastal sandy sites and on quartz ridges in the lowlands. Throughout the lowland and lower montane forests of Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, the frequent 1 presence of Fagraea epiphytes or hemi-epiphytes is detected by fallen corollas on the ground at different times during the year. -
Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Various Extracts of Fagraea Fragrans Roxb. Flowers
214 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2013; 40(2) Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2013; 40(2) : 214-223 http://it.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/ Contributed Paper Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Various Extracts of Fagraea fragrans Roxb. Flowers Patcharee Pripdeevech*[a] and Jarupux Saansoomchai [b] [a] School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. [b] School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand. *Author for correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Received: 11 January 2012 Accepted: 2 April 2012 ABSTRACT The constituents of essential oil and various extracts of Fagraea fragrans flowers were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with 118 identified volatile constituents. Three-octadecyne, catalponone and elemicin dominated in the essential oil of the flowers. The dichloromethane extract of the flowers contained β-bisabolenol, occidol and eugenol as major constituents. Hexane extract showed 3-octadecyne, catalponone and sempervirol as the major components while grandiflorene, himachalol and occidol were evaluated as the dominant components in the methanol extract, respectively. The essential oil of F. fragrans flowers plays a major role as a remarkable bactericide. The extracts obtained from dichloromethane, hexane, and methanol showed minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 125 to 1000 μg/ml against gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil from F. fragrans flowers is also a superior antioxidant (IC50 value of 35.32 μg/ml) compared to all extracts (IC50 values ranging from 72.69 to 154.99 μg/ml) as indicated by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. -
Botanical Directory
BOTANICAL DIRECTORY Because there is such variation in the Romanized Thai spelling, sometimes more than one variation of the plant’s Thai name has been included. If the Thai name starts with dok (flower), bai (leaf), ya (grass), rag (root), gason (stamen/pollen), gan (inner trunk), naam mun (oil), or luk (fruit), then try looking the name up without the prefix. 285 All English names, scientific names, as well as alternative Thai names are listed in alphabetical order in the left column, with the correct spelling under which the botanical is listed in the “Botanical” section in the right column. If the correct Thai name is looked at, then there will be no referral in the right column. Once the proper Thai named is found, the botanical can be found alphabetically in the “Botanical” section. Abutilon graveolens see Krob Jakrawan Abutilon hirtum see Krob Jakrawan Acacia concinna see Som Poi Acacia farnesiana see Kratin (Tes) Acacia insuavis see Cha Om Acacia rugata see Som Poi Acanthus ebracteatus see Ngueak Pla Mo (Dok Muang) Acanthus ilicifolius see Ngueak Pla Mo (Dok Muang) Aegle marmelos see Matum Albizia myriophylla see Cha Em (Thai) (Tes) Alder Birch see Pa Ya Suea Khrong Allium sativum see Krathien Aloe see Waan Haang Chorakhe Aloe vera see Waan Haang Chorakhe Alpinia galangal see Kha Alpinia nigra see Kha Alpinia officinarum see Kha Apium graveolens see Kun Chai Alum see San Som Aluminum Clay see Din Khao Aluminum Oxide see Din Khao Aluminum Sulfate see San Som Am Pan Amber see Am Pan Amomum krervanh see Krawan (Khao) Amomum ovoideum -
V. Jihovýchodní Asie
Pavel V a l t r a kolektiv UDRŽITELNÝ VÝVOJ SVĚTOVÝCH REGIONŮ? Ekologické vazby vývoje lidské populace a vegetace JIHOVÝCHODNÍ ASIE vč. Mikronésie Encyklopedie SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD? Ecological linkages between development of human populations and vegetation SOUTHEAST ASIA incl. Micronesia Encyclopaedia Aktualizace 20. 9. 2021 1 2 OBSAH / CONTENTS str.: Úvod / Introduction 5 A. Ekologické souvislosti / Ecological connections 9 A.1. Stav, vývoj a ekologické vazby přírody a lidí /State, evolution and ecological connections between nature and humans 9 A.1.1. Biogeografické členění / Biogeographic classification 9 A.1.2. Příroda a původní obyvatelé / Nature and original inhabitants 12 A.1.3. Klima a klimatické změny / Climate and climate change 16 A.1.4. Vlivy neuvážené lidské činnosti, zpouštnění (desertifikace) / Effects of reckless human activities, desertification 20 A.1.5. Biodiverzita, ochrana přírody: ekosystémová asistenční péče versus ideologie bezzásahovosti k „výrobě divočiny“ ve zkulturněných biotopech, spolupráce s přírodou / Biodiversity, nature conservation: ecosystem assistance care versus ideology of non-intervention heading for “production of wilderness” in the cultivated biotopes, cooperation with nature 21 A.2. Situace popisovaných zemí / Described Countries 24 A.3. České stopy v jihovýchodní Asii / Czech (and Slovak) footprints in Asia 67 B. Přehled rostlin / Survey Plants 81 B.1. Poznámky k seznamu rostlin / Comments to Checklist 81 B.1.1. Celkový pohled na biodiverzitu, struktura zpracování publikace / General view of biodiversity, structure of the publication treatment 69 B.1.2. Použité zkratky / List of Abbrevitations 70 B.2. Cévnaté rostliny / Tracheophyta 77 Výběr literatury / Bibliography 457 3 ÚVOD / INTRODUCTION Je velmi opovážlivé charakterizovat ekologický vývoj světových regionů a jeho proměny vč. -
Botanical Diversity at Soneva Kiri
BOTANICAL DIVERSITY AT SONEVA KIRI Results from a preliminary botanical survey at Soneva Kiri Resort Martijn van Berlo Summary Soneva Kiri resort is situated on the island of Koh Kood, which is one of the most undisturbed islands of Thailand. The amount of different ecosystems present, along with the relatively unspoiled environment, causes the island to support a very large diversity of life. To get a better understanding of how rich this diversity actually is, an introductory botanical survey was conducted on the resort property. This report will first give a better insight into why such a large biological diversity can be found here. The plants focused on in this botanical survey were mainly the most common or the most notable examples found on the property of Soneva Kiri Resort. During the survey over 200 different species were found, of which some 121 different genera and species could be identified, classified under 56 different families. About 80 different species found could not be identified for a number of reasons. Sometimes the trees were just too tall to be able to take a look at any fruits or flowers, or the family under which the species is classified required such detailed knowledge that it was at the time of the survey not possible to identify them. The latter groups of plants were mostly figs, ferns, and orchids. It is estimated that Koh Kood is home to well over 1000 different plant species, so many more additions to this survey could be made. Many of these plants have an important ecological, economical or medicinal significance in various areas where they naturally occur. -
Living Collections at the Singapore Botanic Gardens – Historic and Modern Relevance
LIVING COLLECTIONS AT THE SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS – HISTORIC AND MODERN RELEVANCE Nigel P. Taylor, PhD1 RESUMO ABSTRACT O papel das coleções vivas no Jardim Botâni- The role of the living collections at the Singa- co de Singapura é descrito nos termos de seu pore Botanic Gardens is described in terms valor no campo do patrimônio, contribuindo of their heritage value, contributing to the com as inscrições dos Jardins Botânicos na Gardens’ inscription on UNESCO’s World Lista do Patrimônio Mundial da Unesco, e sua Heritage List, and their importance in support importância em termos de pesquisa científi- of scientific research, conservation of plant ca, manutenção da diversidade da flora e em diversity and public education. A summary of termos de educação. Um resumo das mais re- the most significant taxonomic collections is levantes coleções é apresentado e o tema é appended and the subject is introduced and introduzido e trabalhado no context de uma placed in context with a brief history of the breve história dos Jardins Botânicos. Gardens. PALAVRAS-CHAVE KEY-WORDS Patrimônio Cultural, conservação, cultural heritage, economic botany, conservation 1 Group Director, Singapore Botanic Gardens (National Parks Board), 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569 ([email protected]) Nigel P. Taylor Introduction This essay will describe the relevance and significance of the living collections held at the Singapore Botanic Gardens (SBG), which was founded in 1859. In July 2015, SBG was inscribed on to the UNESCO World Heritage List as a Cultural Landscape, being only the third botanic garden to be listed as such and the first located in the tropics (TAYLOR, 2015: 2–5). -
Thai Traditional Medicine As a Source for Cancer Prevention: from Local Concepts to the Discovery of Potential Chemopreventive Extracts
Thai traditional medicine as a source for cancer prevention: from local concepts to the discovery of potential chemopreventive extracts Natchagorn Lumlerdkij Supervisors Professor Michael Heinrich Dr. Jose Prieto-Garcia A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK 2017 Declaration This PhD thesis describes research conducted in the School of Pharmacy, University College London between October 2013 and June 2017 under the supervision of Professor Michael Heinrich and Dr. Jose Prieto-Garcia. I, Natchagorn Lumlerdkij confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature …………………………………………………………. Date ……………………....... (Natchagorn Lumlerdkij) 2 This thesis is dedicated to My mom, dad, and grandmothers And the memory of HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1927 – 2016) and his tireless efforts to maintain the benefits and happiness of Thai people 3 Abstract Cancer chemoprevention aims to prevent, delay, or reverse carcinogenesis. Thai Traditional Medicine (TTM) could be a source for cancer chemopreventive agents and – more broadly – could play a role in cancer prevention. Using an ethnopharmacology approach this thesis aims to understand the pharmacological basis of some of these botanical drugs and to discover new extracts which could be useful in cancer prevention. Interviews with 33 TTM practitioners revealed the five characteristics of cancer in TTM (mareng), which is described as an accumulation of waste, chronic inflammation, chronic illnesses (krasai), bad condition of body fluids (‘luead’ and ‘namlueang’), and imbalance of dhātu si. Further analysis of preventive methods led to the five strategies for preventing mareng. -
Plantgro : Matching Plants to Soils and Climates. Version 4.0 for Windows
PlantGro 4.0 Windows 1 PlantGro™ Matching plants to soils and climates Version 4.0 for Windows P.O. Box 47 P.O. Box 638 Coffs Harbour 2450 Hamilton 2001 Australia New Zealand PlantGro 4.0 Windows i PlantGro™ Version 4.0 for Windows Based on Versions 1.0, 2.0, 2.1 as developed by Clive Hackett and Geoff Harris. Windows versions 3.0 and 4.0 developed by Dr. Wei Ye, International Global Change Institute, Hamilton New Zealand and Gary Hutchinson, Topoclimate Services, Coffs Harbour, Australia Gary Hutchinson, Topoclimate Services Pty Ltd Copyright applies to the handbooks and all the software associated with the package except the plant, soil, and climate data-files, which may be copied, edited, and used as a basis for new files so long as the original authorship is acknowledged. The name PlantGro is a trademark by Dr. Clive Hackett. Address for correspondence: Gary Hutchinson Topoclimate Services Pty Ltd P.O. Box 47 Coffs Harbour 2450 Australia This program is designed to be compatible with the following operating systems: Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP PlantGro 4.0 Windows ii Layer A Organic Layer (sometimes absent) Layer B Mineral Layer Layer I Infiltration zone (sometimes absent) Sketch of how PlantGro views the soil. PlantGro 4.0 Windows ii i TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward v Tribute to Clive Hackett vi Acknowledgements vii Worldwide Warrenty and Disclaimer and Limitation of Use viii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 PlantGro 1 Installation 3 General instructions 3 Upgrading from Version 2.1 3 Starting PlantGro 3 PlanGro -
Singapore Botanic Gardens-Group 2
SSingaporeingapore BBotanicotanic GGardensardens Group 2 LEUNG Wing Yin 1155038409 LAW Tsz Sum 1155063239 TSANG Tsz To 1155063336 TSUI Tsz Ming 1155064313 WAI Ho Yin 1155063508 32 General Information and Important Events → Established in 1859 (157 years) → 22.4 hectares including 6 hectares of primary forest → Expansion in 1866 → Greatest expansion in 1879 (41 ha) for plants with economic benefits e.g. latex, food, timber, etc. 32 General Information and Important Events → 82 hectares nowadays → Inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2015 → Over 3 million visitors every year → >40 heritage trees → Serving multiple purposes e.g conservation, education, recreation, etc. → 3rd Botanic Garden in Singapore 31 Primary Forest in Singapore Botanical Gardens 32 Heritage Trees Source: Vernon 32 Tembusu Tree (Fagraea fragrans) Source: Vernon 32 Tembusu Tree → Featured on the back of Singapore $5 note → Long living & Evergreen → Creamy-white flowers with sweet perfume → Berries only eaten by some animals e.g. bats & birds → Wood is extremely durable and resistant to termite attack ⇒ Used for construction → Yellow leaves found in SBG → Mutated species Source: Vernon 32 Jelawai (Terminalia Subspathulata) Source: Sean 32 Jelawai → Tallest trees in the Gardens (More than 150 years) → 47m tall → Located in the rainforest → Large spreading buttress roots → Wide conical → Flat-topped crown → Struck by lightening in the 1980s → Flattened and winged fruit Source: Fruit of Jelawai Source: Sean [https://www.flickr.com/photos/adaduitokla/15632399078] 32