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Country Compass 41 COUNTRY COMPASS 41 NWFPs: present and future activities Potential Ongoing activities of government Activities needed NWFPs and non-government agencies Fruit and The World Bank’s Poverty and Health Production of quality fruit and timber Development Profile (PHDP) and the Ministry timber seedlings for better trees of Agriculture, United States Agency for utilization as food, fuelwood, International Development (USAID), German fodder, wood, etc. for local Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and the Bangladesh consumption and to reduce Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) are forest depletion implementing a project for quality seedling production with community people, local entrepreneurs and farmers’ associations Medicinal No detailed information on medicinal plants Explore medicinal plant plants was found but rural people are using herbal potential throughout the country medicines at large and vendors of herbal as the rural population is medicines exist throughout the country dependent on herbal medicines AFGHANISTAN % Dried Local entrepreneurs produce export quality dried Best-quality fruit fruits figs, black and green raisins, dried apricots production and processing A land of non-wood forest products and nuts and pistachios in different parts of the country of dried fruits and nuts Afghanistan is an exquisitely beautiful for local consumption and export to the Islamic could constitute important country comprised of mountains, scattered Republic of Iran and neighbouring countries export-oriented NWFPs forests and lakes, located in the Hindu Saffron Local entrepreneurs produce saffron in some Best-quality saffron production Kush mountain range and over 500 km parts of the country. Major growing areas are the could become an alternative from the nearest ocean. It has a Islamic Republic of Iran and Kashmir; current livelihood approach to continental climate: summers are warm price/kg of good-quality saffron is US$200 opium cultivation everywhere except on the highest peaks, Apiculture FAO has conducted several exploratory Develop apiculture through while winters can be extremely cold with assessments for apiculture as a means of research and support of the considerable snowfall at high altitudes; at potential income-generating activities (IGAs) Ministry of Agriculture and donor lower elevations, winters are milder and for the landless, disadvantaged and rural poor and development agencies the climate is that of the desert or semi- Sericulture The Ministry of Agriculture has conducted Sericulture could be a major desert. several initiatives to establish this potential income generation for rural The country is divided into 34 provinces, industry through research and assessments populations since mulberry in coordination with FAO trees are largely available with Kabul as the largest city and throughout the country administrative capital. Agriculture has Mushrooms USAID-funded projects have initially been carried Mushrooms could be an traditionally been the basis of the out in the eastern part of the country, involving export-oriented industry in economy, the main crops being wheat, fruit the rural population as a potential IGA activity rural areas and vegetables, maize, barley, cotton, Oil crops The Ministry of Agriculture and FAO have Oil crop production, processing sugar beet and sugar cane. The rearing of (olives, conducted experiments and projects for the to oil and preparation for local livestock, mainly sheep, cattle and goats, is almonds, production of oil crop development; local consumption and export also important, and is the principal activity sunflowers, entrepreneurs and farmers cultivate these throughout the desert and semi-desert cotton, crops but most of the production goes to areas. The little industrial activity mustard, etc.) neighbouring countries for processing concentrates on food processing, textiles, Juices and Local entrepreneurs process juice for local Quality juice production from leather goods and furniture. Since 1979, preserves markets. Export to international markets could abundant fruits and its processing most sectors of the economy have been from orchard be organized since quality fruits are available could be of high demand on local badly affected by almost continuous civil fruits throughout the country and international markets warfare. Eighty percent of the country’s Karakul USAID-funded programme includes research Improved production level and population relies directly on the natural to improve the sector; 75 000 lamb pelts are quality of Karakul sheep are resources to meet their daily needs. Out of exported per year from Afghanistan at varying needed, with an increase in prices – a very good-quality lamb pelt costs Karakul sheep herders and also its total land area, only 12 percent (7.9 US$45 on the EU market in export volume million ha) is arable and 4 percent irrigated. An additional 46 percent is under Wool USAID-funded programme includes research Improved production level and to improve the sector; at present wool is sent quality improvement of Afghan permanent pastures and 3 percent under to Pakistan where carpets are prepared and wool are needed, with an forest cover. The remaining percentage is exported as Pakistani carpets. Yearly turnover increase in sheep herders and mountainous. of Afghan carpet industry is estimated to be also in export volume Afghanistan has a multitude of NWFPs, US$290–325 million which could contribute substantially to the Tourism National entrepreneurs are eager to vitalize Exploration of tourism industry, national economy. The country can be tourism. Afghan Logistics and Tours have already assessment of national divided into five geographic regions begun and, if the security situation economic development from according to their NWFP suitability, as improves, this sector could be of major tourism sector shown in the Table on p. 42. earning importance to the national economy NON-WOOD NEWS No. 16 January 2008 42 COUNTRY COMPASS NWFP potential in different regions of Afghanistan such as an infusion of plantain leaves and roots, considered cold, are prescribed to Region Province covered Potential NWFPs heal sickness caused by cold influences, East Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar, Laghman Oil crops e.g. respiratory diseases and summer Apiculture and sericulture headaches. Skins/hides/leather Herbs highly popular among Afghan Dried fruits and nuts healers include the daraona (eye Wool and carpets inflammation), water lily and Zizyphus West Hirat, Farah, Badghis, Ghor Saffron vulgaris fruits (heart arrhythmia), Cashmere Dried fruits and nuts Plantago ovata (headaches), Capparis spinosa, Condonopsis clematidea and Central Kabul, Kapisa, Parwan, Logar, Skin/hides/leather Bamyan, Daykundi Juices and preserves Rumex nepalensis (indigestion), Cannabis Orchard fruit (juicing) indica, aloe and Citrullus colocynthis Dried fruits and nuts (laxative). An infusion of Rubia tinctorum North Balkh, Faryab, Saripul, Jawzjan, Samangan, Orchard fruit (juicing) leaves is used to increase female fertility. and northeast Badakhshan, Takhar, Baghlan, Kunduz Weaving and embroidery Berberis lycium and mirhinz (Hippophae Karakul rhamnoides) are renowned panaceas. The Wool and cashmere latter is traded and exported, since it is Tourism highly sought after by traditional healers Dried fruits and nuts and the drug industry, especially in China. South Kandahar, Paktika, Paktya, Ghazni, Khost, Orchard fruits/dried fruits (Source: a translated extract from and southwest Zabul, Uruzgan, Helmand, Nimroz Forestry Red meat/casing Brandolini, G.V. 2005. Medicine Skins/hides/leather tradizionali. Bergamo, Italy, CRF Press.) Carpets (Contributed by: G.V. Brandolini, Orizzonte Terra, via Mazzini 30, I-24 128 Bergamo, Italy. Tel./fax (+39) 035 21 91 42; e-mail: Years ago, Afghan NWFPs – especially Fax: 00 93 798 125 100; e-mail: [email protected]) fruits and nuts – were world famous; [email protected]; www.bracafg.org) however, because of the country’s situation of unrest over the last 25 years, this trade Medicinal herbs, an asset for local has been mostly abolished. In addition, medicine and the export trade during this long period the growing Herbs are a key resource for most grounds of these products have been Afghans, both as domestic drugs and as destroyed. The remaining resources are traditional healers’ remedies. Medicinal used by local people who rely on their plants are also harvested, dried and traditional knowledge in the collection, exported. A flourishing trade exists processing and consumption of their towards Tibet and India. Herb shops are Capparis spinosa valuable NWFPs. often run by herbalists of Hindu or Sikh NWFPs, which could play a vital role in descent, called pansar. the economy of Afghanistan, need to In Afghanistan, Ayurveda conceptions % ARMENIA receive intensive attention and increased are combined with Arabic influences. Thus, importance from the Government and the diagnosis and therapeutic principles of Armenia Tree Project receives US$100 000 development agencies working in the Afghan herbalists are often ascribed to the grant to partner with Yale University country. A multitude of NWFPs could be four elements: heat, cold, moisture and A new partnership between the Armenia exported. The successful development of dryness (air, earth, fire and water). Tree Project (ATP), Yale University’s Global these products could have a profound Home care is the first resort in illness. Institute of Sustainable Forestry and impact on Afghan farmers, the economy Where this fails, the
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