The Hydrous Components in Garnets: Grossular-Hydrogrossular Gnoncr R
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Structure and Physical Properties of Hydrogrossular Mineral Series
STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROGROSSULAR MINERAL SERIES A THESIS IN PHYSICS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in Partial requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE By PUJA ADHIKARI M.Sc, Tribhuban University, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2010 Kansas City, Missouri 2015 ©2015 PUJA ADHIKARI ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Structure and physical properties of Hydrogrossular mineral series Puja Adhikari, Candidate for the Master of Science Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2015 ABSTRACT The mineral hydrogrossular series (Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH) 4x; 0 ≤ x ≤ 3) are important water bearing minerals found in the upper and lower part of the Earth’s mantle. They are vital to the planet’s hydrosphere under different hydrothermal conditions. The composition and structure of this mineral series are important in geoscience and share many commonalities with cement and clay materials. Other than the end members of the series x = 0 (grossular) and x = 3 (katoite) which have a cubic garnet structure, the structure of the series is totally unknown. We used large-scale ab initio modeling to investigate the structures and properties for hydrogrossular series for x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3. Results indicate that for x > 0 and x < 3, the structures are tetragonal. This shows that there is structural change related to the lowering of overall symmetry associated with the composition of SiO4 tetrahedra and AlO6 octahedra. Total Bond order also explains the reason behind the change in the compressibility of the series. The electronic structure, mechanical and optical properties of the hydrogrossular series are calculated and the results for grossular and katoite are in good agreement with the available experimental data. -
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Nephrite Jade from Yinggelike Deposit, Altyn Tagh (Xinjiang, NW China)
minerals Article Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Nephrite Jade from Yinggelike Deposit, Altyn Tagh (Xinjiang, NW China) Ying Jiang 1, Guanghai Shi 1,* , Liguo Xu 2 and Xinling Li 3 1 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 2 Geological Museum of China, Beijing 100034, China; [email protected] 3 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xinjiang 830004, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-010-8232-1836 Received: 6 April 2020; Accepted: 6 May 2020; Published: 8 May 2020 Abstract: The historic Yinggelike nephrite jade deposit in the Altyn Tagh Mountains (Xinjiang, NW China) is renowned for its gem-quality nephrite with its characteristic light-yellow to greenish-yellow hue. Despite the extraordinary gemological quality and commercial significance of the Yinggelike nephrite, little work has been done on this nephrite deposit, due to its geographic remoteness and inaccessibility. This contribution presents the first systematic mineralogical and geochemical studies on the Yinggelike nephrite deposit. Electron probe microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were used to measure the mineralogy, bulk-rock chemistry and stable (O and H) isotopes characteristics of samples from Yinggelike. Field investigation shows that the Yinggelike nephrite orebody occurs in the dolomitic marble near the intruding granitoids. Petrographic studies and EMPA data indicate that the nephrite is mainly composed of fine-grained tremolite, with accessory pargasite, diopside, epidote, allanite, prehnite, andesine, titanite, zircon, and calcite. Geochemical studies show that all nephrite samples have low bulk-rock Fe/(Fe + Mg) values (0.02–0.05), as well as low Cr (0.81–34.68 ppm), Co (1.10–2.91 ppm), and Ni (0.52–20.15 ppm) contents. -
Geology Club Mineral: Collecting Trip
Geology Club: Mineral Collecting Trip (10 October 2009) Trip Notes by Charles Merguerian STOP 1 – Grossular Garnet Locality, West Redding, Connecticut. [UTM Coordinates: 630.71E / 4575.38N, Bethel quadrangle]. Covering roughly 60 acres of land, this enigmatic massive fine-grained grossularite garnet + diopside rock in West Redding has made many mineral collectors and geologists take notice. Walk up the steep slope east of Simpaug Turnpike to see highly fractured, massive cinnamon-colored grossular garnet rock, part of a 0.6-km wide heart-shaped mass found at the faulted contact between the Stockbridge Marble (OCs) and injected muscovitic schist of the Rowe Schist member (OCr) of the Hartland Formation (Figure 1). According to Rodgers et al. (1985), we are very near Cameron’s Line (red and black line in Figure 1). Figure 1 – Geologic map of the area surrounding Stop 1 showing the Proterozoic gneissic rocks (Yg) and Cambrian Dalton Schist (Cd) to the west, the Stockbridge Marble (OCs), Cameron’s Line (CL in red), the injected schistose rocks of the Rowe Formation (OCr), and an Ordovician granitoid (Og) that may be responsible for this unusual Ca++-enriched skarn deposit. Note the NW-trending high-angle brittle faults that cut the region. (Adapted from Rodgers et al. 1985.) Two knolls at this locality are almost entirely composed of grossularite garnet (var. essonite) and lesser clinopyroxene. Mostly the garnet occurs alone with minor quartz and localized quartz veining has been observed. Chemical analysis of the garnet (SiO2 = 39.10%, CaO = 34.85%, Al2O3 = 19.61%, and total FeO+Fe2O3 = 5.44%), are quite similar to published analyses of grossular garnet, including the phenomenal grossular garnet crystals from Morelos, Mexico. -
Fall 2015 Gems & Gemology
FALL 2015 VOLUME LI THE UARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA Colombian Trapiche Emeralds Large Colorless HPHT-Grown Synthetic Diamonds Diamonds from the Letšeng Mine Fall 2015 VOLUME 51, No. 3 EDITORIAL 221 Trapiche and More... Duncan Pay FEATURE ARTICLES 222 Colombian Trapiche Emeralds: Recent Advances in Understanding Their Formation Isabella Pignatelli, Gaston Giuliani, Daniel Ohnenstetter, Giovanna Agrosì, pg. 254 Sandrine Mathieu, Christophe Morlot, and Yannick Branquet Proposes a model for trapiche emerald formation based on petrographic, spectroscopic, and chemical examination. 260 Large Colorless HPHT-Grown Synthetic Gem Diamonds from New Diamond Technology, Russia Ulrika F.S. D’Haenens-Johansson, Andrey Katrusha, Kyaw Soe Moe, Paul Johnson, and Wuyi Wang pg. 270 Examines a new source of colorless and near-colorless gem-quality HPHT synthetic diamonds using spectroscopic and gemological analysis. 280 Letšeng’s Unique Diamond Proposition Russell Shor, Robert Weldon, A.J.A. (Bram) Janse, Christopher M. Breeding, and Steven B. Shirey Explores the history, geology, and current production of this unique source of large diamonds. NOTES AND NEW TECHNIQUES 300 Origin Determination of Dolomite-Related White Nephrite through Iterative-Binary Linear Discriminant Analysis Zemin Luo, Mingxing Yang, and Andy H Shen A technique for origin identification based on statistical analysis and LA-ICP-MS spectrometry. pg. 293 REGULAR FEATURES 312 Lab Notes Unusual graining structure in pink diamond • Yellow HPHT-treated rough diamond -
Gemmologythe Journal of Volume 28 No.7 July 2003
^ GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 28 No.7 July 2003 The Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain ~ ~. ~ Gemmological Association , ~ '.~ , and Gem Testing Laboratory ~, :~ of Great Britain • 27 Greville Street, London ECIN 8TN Tel: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 Fax: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gem-a.info President: Professor A.T Collins Vice-Presidents: N. W. Deeks, A.E. Farn, RA Howie, D.G. Kent, RK. Mitchell Honorary Fellows: Chen Zhonghui, RA Howie, K. Nassau Honorary Life Members: H . Bank, D.J. Ca llaghan, E.A [obbins, H . Tillander Council of Management: T J. Davidson, RR Harding, I. Mercer, J. Monnickendam, M.J. 0'Donoghue, E. Stern, I. Thomson, Y.P. Watson Members' Council: A J. Allnutt, S. Burgoyne, P. Dwyer-Hickey, S.A Everitt, J. Greatwood, B. Jackson, L. Music, J.B. Nelson, P.J. Wates, CH. Winter Branch Chairmen: Midlands -G.M. Green, North West -D. M. Brady, Scottish - B. Jackson, South Eas t - CH. Winter, South West - RM. Slater Examiners: A J. Allnutt, M.5e., Ph.D., FGA, L. Bartlett, B.5e., M.Ph il., FGA, DGA, S. Coelho, BS e., FGA, DGA, Prof. AT Co llins, BSe., Ph.D, A.G. Good, FGA, DGA, J. Greatwood, FGA, S. Greatwood, FGA, DGA, G.M. Green, FGA, DGA, G.M. Howe, FGA, DGA, S. Hue Williams MA, FGA, DGA , B. Jackson, FGA, DGA, G.H. Jones, BSe., PhD., FGA, Li Li Ping, FGA, DGA, M.A Medniuk, FGA, DGA, M. Newton, BSe. , D.Phil., CJ.E. Oldershaw, BSe. (Hans), FGA, DGA, H.L. -
Exceptional Works of Art 2017 PUSHKIN ANTIQUES – MAYFAIR –
Exceptional works of art 2017 PUSHKIN ANTIQUES – MAYFAIR – At Pushkin Antiques we specialise in unique statement Each item is professionally selected and inspected pieces of antique silver as well as branded luxury items, to ensure we can give our customers a guarantee of stylish interior articles and objects d’art. authenticity and the required peace of mind when buying from us. Since the inception of our company, we’ve been at the forefront of online sales for high end, quality antiques. Our retail gallery is located on the lower floor of the world Our presence on most major platforms has allowed us famous Grays Antiques Centre in the heart of Mayfair. to consistently connect exquisite pieces with the most discerning collectors and interior decorators from all over the world with particular focus on the demands of the markets from the Far East, the Americas, Europe & Russia. www.pushkinantiques.com [email protected] We aim to provide the highest quality in every department: rare hand crafted articles, accurate item descriptions (+44) 02085 544 300 to include the history and provenance of each item, an (+44) 07595 595 079 extensive photography report, as well as a smooth buying process thus facilitating an efficient and pleasant online Shop 111, Lower Ground Floor, Grays Antiques Market. experience. 58 Davies St, London. W1K 5AB, UK. ALEX PUSHKIN OLGA PUSHKINA DUMITRU TIRA Founder & Director Managing Director Photographer Contents 6 ENGLISH SILVER 42 CHINESE SILVER 56 JAPANESE SILVER 66 INDIAN SILVER 78 BURMESE SILVER 86 CONTINENTAL SILVER 100 FRENCH SILVER 108 GERMAN SILVER 118 RUSSIAN SILVER 132 OBJECTS OF VERTU English Silver The style and technique in manufacturing silver during Hester Bateman (1708-1794) was one of the greatest this era (over 100 years) changed radically, reflecting silversmiths operating in this style, she is the most the variations in taste, society, costumes, economic and renowned and appreciated female silversmith of all time. -
Fluorian Garnets from the Host Rocks of the Skaergaard Intrusion: Implications for Metamorphic Fluid Composition
American Mineralogist, Volume 75, pages 859-873,1990 Fluorian garnets from the host rocks of the Skaergaard intrusion: Implications for metamorphic fluid composition CRAIG E. MANNING, * DENNIS K. BIRD Department of Geology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Zoned, silica-deficient, calcic garnets containing up to 5 mol% F substitution for 0 formed during contact metamorphism of basalts by the Skaergaard intrusion in East Greenland. Fluorian calcic garnets occur as a retrograde alteration of prograde wollastonite and clinopyroxene that fills vesicles and vugs in lavas 30-70 m from the intrusion. Para- genetically equivalent phases include fluorite, wollastonite, calcic clinopyroxene, prehnite, quartz, and calcite. Electron microprobe analysis shows that the garnets are :::-:93mol% grossular-andradite (grandite) solid solutions and that the F content does not fully com- pensate for the silica deficiency, suggesting the presence of a hydrous component in the garnets. The garnets display discontinuous zoning with respect to Al and Fe, and increases in F, calculated OH, and the Si deficiency with increasing Al concentration are observed. The garnets formed at temperatures between 200 and 420°C based on the coexisting mineral assemblage, and stratigraphic reconstructions indicate pressures of ~ 1 kbar. Assessment of isobaric, isothermal phase relations in the system CaO-A1203-Si02-H20- HF allows estimation of fluid characteristics in equilibrium with fluorian grandite-bearing assemblages. The presence of fluorite, wollastonite, quartz, and calcite with these garnets combined with fluid inclusion data require that the activity (a) of H20 was ~ 1 and that aH.aF was 10-105 to 10-10.0in the coexisting hydrothermal solutions at 200-420 °C and 1 kbar. -
The Effect of Reduced Activity of Anorthite on the Reaction Grossular
AmericanMineralogist, Volume61, pages 889-896,1976 The effectof reducedactivity of anorthiteon thereaction grossular * quartz : anorthite* wollastonite:a modelfor plagioclasein the earth'slower crust anh upper mantle K. E. WrNnoMr AND A. L. BoerrcHrnl Department of Geosciences,The Pennsyluania State (lniuersity Uniuersity Park, Pennsyluania 16802 Abstract The reaction CasAlrSiaor, + SiO, : CaAlzSiros + 2 CaSiOg (erossular) (quartz) (anortbite) (wollastoDite) wasinvestigated at l10ooC,using intermediate-composition plagioclase to determinethe shift of the equilibriumpressure as a functionof compositionat pressureand temperaturecondi- tions representativeof the earth'slower crustand uppermantle. For compositionswithin the rangeAnro-,00, activity of the anorthitecomponent is equalto its molefraction. For composi- tions more albitic than about Anro,the activity of the anorthitecomponent equals its mole fractionmultiplied by a constantfactor of 1.2.This latter behavioris interpretedas a resultof anorthite-likedomains being in an energeticallyunfavorable environment for thesecomposi- tions. Applicationof the data obtainedfrom subsolidusexperiments to meltingbehavior indicates that plagioclaseliquids do not obey Raoult'sLaw, but havean activitycoefficient similar to crystallineplagioclase. This hypothesisis supportedby high-pressuremelting experiments for both anhydrousand hydroussystems. In parts of the lower crustcomposed of basicrock (e.g.gabbro), the calcicplagioclase will be consumedat relativelyshallow levels and over a narrow (2-3 km) -
Medicare Claim Form
Member Reimbursement Claim Form This form may be used for Health Net Medicare products. Important: Complete a separate Member Reimbursement Claim Form for each member *3004* asking for reimbursement for covered services and for each doctor and/or facility. To avoid processing delays, please include the following information with this form: • Copy of itemized bill showing all services received. Must include name, address, phone number, and tax ID number of doctor and/or facility and all diagnosis and procedure codes. • Proof of payment.1 (Keep a copy of all receipts and documents for your records.) • If a member’s representative completes this form, please fill out an Appointment of Representative (AOR) Form and attach it to the submission. Mail all medical claims to: or Mail all behavioral health claims to: Health Net Medicare Claims (Arizona Only) PO Box 3060 MHN Claims Department Farmington, MO 63640-3822 PO Box 14621 Lexington, KY 40512-4621 Any missing information may cause a delay in processing your request. Section 1: Member information – Please complete a separate form for each person who received services: Last name: First name: Middle initial: Member ID #: Birth date: MMDDYYYY Home phone number: Email address: – – Address: City: State: ZIP code: (continued) 1“Proof of Payment” includes, but is not limited to: a copy of the credit card charge slip, a cruise ship statement, canceled checks, a bank account statement, cash withdraw slips, or anything else that shows dates that match the medical service date. A valid receipt or doctor’s statement is also acceptable if it shows the amount the member paid. -
Turquoise: the Cerrillos Mineral Gem
A Living History Museum Turquoise: The Cerrillos Mineral Gem The mines of Cerrillos, New Mexico produce a particularly beautiful blue/ green variety of turquoise, so stunning in fact that they have been mined for roughly the last 3,000 years! Chemically, it is a phosphate of aluminum carrying small quantities of copper and iron and a green mineral, variscite. These give the gemstone its color as well as its value and beauty. This is the only phosphate that is considered a precious stone. Ancestral Puebloans first started mining the Cerrillos hills circa 900 BCE, and it’s been mined ever since. This “gem” of a mineral has been found across the state, and archaeological evidence shows it’s been mined and fashioned into ornaments and jewelry for centuries, with remnants found at one of the most ancient sites in the state, Chetro Ketl at Chaco Canyon. Southwest indigenous groups call turquoise chalchihuitl, as did the ancient peoples of Mexico and Central America who used the same word to describe jade or green turquoise. One of the hills still being mined in Cerrillos still bears the name, Mount Chalchihuitl. Combined with shell and coral from the California coast acquired in trade, turquoise jewelry itself became a valued commodity. Spanish settlers didn’t have much interest in turquoise as they were looking for what they considered a more important prize, namely gold and silver. In fact, outside of local indigenous groups, other cultural groups weren’t much interested in it and it didn’t really gain popularity with the American cultural at large until the 1890s. -
The Journal of Gemmology Editor: Dr R.R
he Journa TGemmolog Volume 25 No. 8 October 1997 The Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain 27 Greville Street, London Eel N SSU Tel: 0171 404 1134 Fax: 0171 404 8843 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gagtl.ac.uklgagtl President: Professor R.A. Howie Vice-Presidents: LM. Bruton, Af'. ram, D.C. Kent, R.K. Mitchell Honorary Fellows: R.A. Howie, R.T. Liddicoat Inr, K. Nassau Honorary Life Members: D.). Callaghan, LA. lobbins, H. Tillander Council of Management: C.R. Cavey, T.]. Davidson, N.W. Decks, R.R. Harding, I. Thomson, V.P. Watson Members' Council: Aj. Allnutt, P. Dwyer-Hickey, R. fuller, l. Greatwood. B. jackson, J. Kessler, j. Monnickendam, L. Music, l.B. Nelson, P.G. Read, R. Shepherd, C.H. VVinter Branch Chairmen: Midlands - C.M. Green, North West - I. Knight, Scottish - B. jackson Examiners: A.j. Allnutt, M.Sc., Ph.D., leA, S.M. Anderson, B.Se. (Hons), I-CA, L. Bartlett, 13.Se, .'vI.phil., I-G/\' DCi\, E.M. Bruton, FGA, DC/\, c.~. Cavey, FGA, S. Coelho, B.Se, I-G,\' DGt\, Prof. A.T. Collins, B.Sc, Ph.D, A.G. Good, FGA, f1GA, Cj.E. Halt B.Sc. (Hons), FGr\, G.M. Howe, FG,'\, oo-, G.H. jones, B.Se, PhD., FCA, M. Newton, B.Se, D.PhiL, H.L. Plumb, B.Sc., ICA, DCA, R.D. Ross, B.5e, I-GA, DGA, P..A.. Sadler, 13.5c., IGA, DCA, E. Stern, I'GA, DC/\, Prof. I. -
Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina by W
.'.' .., Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie RUTILE GUMMITE IN GARNET RUBY CORUNDUM GOLD TORBERNITE GARNET IN MICA ANATASE RUTILE AJTUNITE AND TORBERNITE THULITE AND PYRITE MONAZITE EMERALD CUPRITE SMOKY QUARTZ ZIRCON TORBERNITE ~/ UBRAR'l USE ONLV ,~O NOT REMOVE. fROM LIBRARY N. C. GEOLOGICAL SUHVEY Information Circular 24 Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie Raleigh 1978 Second Printing 1980. Additional copies of this publication may be obtained from: North CarOlina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Geological Survey Section P. O. Box 27687 ~ Raleigh. N. C. 27611 1823 --~- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SECTION The Geological Survey Section shall, by law"...make such exami nation, survey, and mapping of the geology, mineralogy, and topo graphy of the state, including their industrial and economic utilization as it may consider necessary." In carrying out its duties under this law, the section promotes the wise conservation and use of mineral resources by industry, commerce, agriculture, and other governmental agencies for the general welfare of the citizens of North Carolina. The Section conducts a number of basic and applied research projects in environmental resource planning, mineral resource explora tion, mineral statistics, and systematic geologic mapping. Services constitute a major portion ofthe Sections's activities and include identi fying rock and mineral samples submitted by the citizens of the state and providing consulting services and specially prepared reports to other agencies that require geological information. The Geological Survey Section publishes results of research in a series of Bulletins, Economic Papers, Information Circulars, Educa tional Series, Geologic Maps, and Special Publications.